英语国家概况考试题

英国部分看到37题

1. What is the full name of the United Kingdom?

It is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

2. What are the two large islands that make up the British Isles?

They are Great Britain and Ireland.

3. What are the four political divisions部门of the United Kingdom?

They are England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

4. Why does the United Kingdom have a mild climate, even though it lies farther north than our Heilongjiang Province?

Because Britain’s climate is influenced by the Gulf Stream墨西哥湾流.

5. How many metropolitan areas does England have?

England has seven metropolitan areas. 大都市

6. What is the backbone of England?

It is the Pennines.奔宁山脉

7. What is the largest lake in the British Isles?

It is Lough Neagh. 內伊湖

8. From what languages is English derived由……而来?

English is mainly derived from the Anglo-Saxon and Norman-French languages.

9. What is an eisteddfod?诗人

An eisteddfod is a Welsh festival of poetry, music and other arts.

10. What have the Scottish people been famous for?

The Scottish people have been famous for their close-knit clans, colorful plaid kilts, and skill as fierce warriors. 组织严密的家族、格子服饰、凶猛的战士技能

11. How long was Britain under the Roman occupation?

Britain was under the Roman occupation for nearly 400 years.

12. Why was the Roman impact upon影响the Britons surprisingly limited有限的?

The Roman impact on the Britons was surprisingly limited because the Romans always treated the Britons as a subject people of slave class奴隶阶级and they never intermarried with与通婚the native Britons.

13. When did the Anglo-Saxons begin to settle使……定居in Britain?

The Anglo-Saxons began to settle in Britain in the 5th century.

14. When did England begin to be Christianized?

基督化England began to be Christianized in 597.

15. What was the result of the Synod of Whitby惠特比宗教in Yorkshire约克郡in 664?

The result of the Synod of Whitby was that the Roman missionaries传教士gained the upper hand上风over the Celtic missionaries. 在这次宗教会议上，罗马天主教占了优势

16. What was Harold哈罗德doing when he was informed of the invasion of Northumbria by Tostig and Harold Hardrada?

He was in the south preparing to resist the expected attack from Normandy.

17. Where did Harold defeat 战败Tostig and Hardrada?

Harold defeated Tostig and Harold Hardrada at Stanford Bridge. 斯坦福球场

18. By whom was William crowned加冕King of England in Westminster Abbey?威斯敏斯特教堂William was crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey by the Archbishop of York. 约克大主教随着哈罗德德死亡，安各鲁撒克逊人之英国消失了，在威斯敏斯特大教堂，约克大主教加冕威廉为英格兰国王

19. What did William do after he suppressed the Saxon risings in the north?

He built a string of defense castles 城堡to ensure his military军队control of the whole country.

20. Was the Norman Conquest the last successful invasion of England?

Yes. The Norman Conquest was the last successful invasion of England because England has never been invaded since.

21. Why did William I give his barons large estates房地产in England?

William I gave large estates to his barons because he wanted to get a promise of military service and a proportion of the land?s produce.

22. What was the peculiar 特权feature特色of the feudal system封建制度of England?

All landowners, big and small, took the oath宣誓of allegiance效忠for the land they held, not only to their immediate直接lord主, but also to the king.

23. Why did William I have the Domesday Book compiled? 末日宣判书

William I had the Domesday Book compiled because he wanted to have a reliable record of all his land, his tenants承租人and their possessions拥有；财产and to discover how much his tenants could be asked to pay by way of taxes.

24. What was William I ?s policy towards the church?

He wanted to keep it completely under his control, but at the same time to uphold支持鼓励维持its power.

25. Why did Henry II make Thomas Becket Archbishop大教主of Canterbury?

He thought that Thomas Becket would assist him in carrying out贯彻实施legal reforms改革.

26. What brought Henry II into collision 冲突矛盾with Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury? The exceptional异常的privileges特权enjoyed by the clergy神职，牧师brought Henry II into collision with Thomas Becket.

27. What are the two aspects of the Norman legacy遗产that contributed to great domestic国内unrest 动荡in England in the 12th and 13th centuries?

One was England?s possession占有of territory领土in France. The other was Norman adherence 依附坚持to Roman Catholicism.

28. Who was the French national heroine during the Hundred Year?s War who helped the F rench to drive the English out of France? Joan of Arc.圣女贞德

29. When did the government establish rules for the first time to keep down wages? The government established rules for the first time to keep down wages in 1351.

30. How many peasant 农民in Kent肯特and Essex艾塞克斯wer e killed by Richard II ?s troop？40,000 peasants in Kent and Essex were killed by Richard II?s troops.

31. What were the emblems of 象征the Houses of York and Lancaster?

The emblem of the House of York was a white rose and the emblem of the House of Lancaster was a red rose.

32. What was the impact影响of the Wars of the Roses on feudalism in England?

The Wars of the Roses dealt处理分配a death blow 打击to feudalism 封建主义in England.

33. How did Elizabeth I try to avoid troubling Parliament too often for pounds?

She tried to avoid troubling Parliament by making strict economies at Court.

34. What questions did Elizabeth I treat as personal and private?

These questions were her religion, her marriage, her foreign policy, the succession to the throne, and her finance.

35. How did Elizabeth I manage to maintain in friendly relationship with France?

She managed to maintain a friendly relationship with France through her marriage alliances which were never materialized. 具体化

36. When was Mary Queen of Scots executed?

Mary Queen of Scots was executed in 1587.

37. What did the destruction of the Spanish Armada show无敌舰队?

It showed England’s superiority as a naval power.海上强国制海权

38. What was the long-term result of the Gunpowder Plot? 火药阴谋

The long-term result of the Gunpowder Plot has been an annual celebration of November 5, when a bonfire is lit to burn a guy and a firework display显示炫耀is arranged.

39. What was Puritanism清教noted for因……而著名?

It was noted for simple dress, high moral standards and very egalitarian平等attitudes.

40. What is a constitutional宪法monarchy君主?

A constitutional monarchy is one whose power is limited by Parliament.

41. What did the Whigs stand for in the early 19th century?

They stood for a reduction减少in Crown patronage, sympathy towards Nonconformists非国教, and care for the interests of merchants and bankers.

42. Why did changes in farming methods affect lives of millions in the 18th century?

Changes in farming methods affected lives of millions in the 18th century England because village and agriculture were the backbone of England at that time.

43. What did the land owners want to do in the late 18th and early 19th centuries?

They wanted to replace the small farms cultivated on the “open-field” system by larger, economically more efficient farms with hedge-divided fields.

44. Why was King George III nicknamed “Farmer George”?

King George III was nicknamed “Farmer George”because he was very enthusiastic热衷about agricultural changes at Winsor.

45. What were the two events which most alarmed the British ruling classes 统治阶级in the closing decades数十年of the 18th century?

They were the American War of Independence and the French Revolution.

46. When did the British begin to transport convicts罪犯to Australia?

The British began to transport convicts to Australia in 1788.

47. What was the result of the general strike打击罢工of 1926?

The strike failed. The miners were forced to return to work with longer hours and lower wages even than before. Yet, outside the mining district, the strike seemed to have improved relations between the workers and the middle classes.

48. Why did Edward VIII abdicate 退位in 1936 after a reign of 10 months?

Edward VIII abdicated because he wanted to marry Wallis Simpson, a twice-divorced 离婚American.

49. When did Britain finally become a full member of the European Economic Community? 欧共体Britain finally became a full member of the European Economic Community in

January,1973. 50. Why was Mrs. Thatcher removed from office in 1990?

It was because of her opposition反对to European Union and her imposition征收强加of an extremely unpopular flat-rate 固定税率“poll tax”人头税in place of property taxes to pay or local government service.

61. Where does the Sovereign’s coronation加冕take place?发生举行The Sovereign’s coronation takes place at Westminster Abbey in London.

62. When is the Sovereign’s birthday officially celebrated?

It is officially celebrated in June every year.

63. What does the Duke of Edinburgh do when the Queen pays state visits to foreign governments? He accompanies her.

64. Where does the Qu een’s expenditure arising from public duties come from?

The Q ueen’s expenditure arising from public duties comes from the Civil List and government departments

65. What does the term “parliament”originally mean?

The term “parliament” originally means a meeting for a parley or discussion.

66. What is the main function of the House of Lords?

The main function of the House of Lords is to bring the wide experience of its members into the process of law-making.

67. What is the Speaker’s task in the House of Commons英国下议院?

His task is to preside over the House and enforce the rules of order. 执行顺序规则

68. How many counties are there in England and Wales?

There are 53 counties in England and Wales.

69. What are the three island areas where single-tier authorities当局官方were introduced in Scotland?

They are the Orkneys, the Shetlands and the Western Isles.

70. How do local authorities in Great Britain raise revenue?

They raise revenue 税收through the council tax.

81. Are British people obliged to 不得不use the National Health Service?

国民医疗保健制度No. They are not obliged to use the service.

82. What are services for elderly people aimed at?

Services for elderly people are aimed at helping them live at home whenever possible.

83. What is the aim of the social security system?

The aim of the social security is to secure a basic standard of living for people in financial need.

84. At what age do men and women generally retire退休?

Men generally retire at the age of 65, and women at the ate of 60.

85. What are the two established churches in Britain?

They are the Church of England in England and the Church of Scotland in Scotland.

86. How many provinces职权省份does the Church of England have? The Church of England has two provinces: Canterbury and York.

87. When were the first women priests ordained in Britain?

They were ordained in March 1994.

88. Who founded the Salvation Army in the East of London in 1865?

William Booth, a great follower of John Wesley, founded the Salvation Army.

89. Where do the people in London go to see the Christmas decorations?

They go to Oxford Street, Regent Street and Piccadilly to see the Christmas decorations.

90. Why is December 26th called “Boxing Day”?

December 26th is called Boxing Day because it was formerly the custom to give “Christmas boxes”, or gifts of money, to servants and tradesmen商人on this day.

91. How many kinds of state secondary schools 国立公立are there in Great Britain?

Three. They are grammar school, secondary modern school and comprehensive school.

92. When was the Open University founded? When did it begin its first courses? It was founded in 1969, and it began its first courses in 1970.

93. Why is the Open University so named?

It is so named because it is “open” to all to become students.

94. How much money is spent on press advertising平面广告every year in Great Britain? About ￡5,100 million.

95. How much time do British people spend a day watching television?

People spend an average of over three and a half hours a day watching television.

96. How are the state-run television channels BBC1 and BBC2 financed? They are financed from the sale of television licences

97. How are independent channels ITV and C4 funded?

They are funded entirely by advertising. 广告

98. When did the BBC begin to provide regular television broadcasts?

The BBC began to provide regular television broadcasts in 1936.

99. Which sport is regarded as typically English?

Cricket 板球is the most typically English sport.

100. What is a “copyri ght” library?

It is a library which is entitled to receive a free copy of every book published in the United Kingdom.

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广东外语外贸大学成人高等教育 《英语国家概况》第一套复习题 I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for True and F for False . ( 1.5 points each , 30 points in total ) 1.The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. 2.People from different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. 3.In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the second largest part of the United Kingdom. 4.Because of political troubles, Northern Ireland has been quite significant among the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom. 5.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons. 6.The Celtic people are the earliest known inhabitants of Britain. 7.English changed into what is described as Modern English from the late 16th century. 8.The British history before 55 BC is basically undocumented. 9.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC. 10.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe – the Britons. 11.The Anglo –Saxons came to Britain in the mid-5th century. 12.The Vikings began to attack the English coasts in the 8th century. 13.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France. 14.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople. 15.The Hundred Years’War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans for trade and territory. 16.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation. 17.In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers. 18.British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth of Nations. 19.The members in the House of Commons in Britain are appointed rather than elected. 20.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world. Answer keys: 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. F 8. T 9. T 10. T 11.T 12. T 13. T 14. F 15. F 16. T 17. F 18. F 19. F 20. T II. Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements. (2 points each, 40 points in total) 1. ___B_____ is the capitall city of Scotland. A. Belfast B. Edinburgh C. Aberdeen D. Cardiff 2. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, ____D_____ is the smallest. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northern Ireland 3. Almost a quarter of the British population lives in ____B_______ England. A. northeastern B.southeastern C. northwestern D. southwestern

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2015年4月英语国家概况自考试卷

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space on the answer sheet. (50 points,1 point for each) 1. There are three dicisions on the island of Great Britain:Englan,Scotland and Wales. A.social B.cultural C.religious D.political 2. , among the British monarchs,was regarded as “the father of the British navy.” A.Henry Ⅱ B.Henry Ⅷ C.Alfred the Great C.William the Conqueror 3. The Celtic tribes are NOT ancestors of the . A.Irish B.Welsh C.English D.Highland Scots 4. The Romans remained in control of Britain for about years. A.100 B.200 C.300 D.400 5. One particular feafure of the feudal system of