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综合英语第一册unit1-12课后答案

Unit I. Vocabulary Analysis

1. Phrase practice

1. be confronted with = suddenly found oneself faced with 面临，面对

2. have one thing in common = share the same characteristic 具有相同之处

3. give in to sth. = let oneself be overcome by 屈服，向……让步

4. lock it away within sb. = keep it in one’s mind and don’t ever forget it 埋藏起来

2. Word comparison

1. anger: a strong feeling of wanting to hurt or criticize someone because they have done something bad to you or been unkind to you

2. special: not ordinary or usual, but different in some way and often better or more important

3. spend: to use your money to pay for goods or services

4. conspicuous: very easy to notice

5. last: happening or coming after all other similar things or people

6. alone:adv./adj. without any friends; without the help of other people or things

7. give up: to stop trying to do sth.

8. believe: to feel certain that sth. is true or that sb. is telling you the truth

3. Synonym / Antonym

1.Synonyms: pain, grief, sorrow, agony

2.Antonyms: loudly, harshly, roughly

3. Synonym:: sorrow, grief, dismay

4. Antonyms: inconspicuously, unnoticeably

5. Synonyms: small, little

6. Antonyms: meet, join, unite, gather

7. Synonyms: seriously, severely, hopelessly

8. Antonyms: long, permanent, lasting

4. Word derivation

Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate form of the given word in the brackets.

1.Nobody wanted to live in the industrial part of the town. (industry)

2.The police asked him to give a description of the suitcase he had lost. (describe)

3.He had no suspicion that he was being watched. (suspect)

4.This is Alexandra, my personal assistant. (assist)

5.Although some of my work-mates quickly found new jobs after the factory closed down, my brother and I were unemployed for several months. (employ)

6.Although I was positive that the girl had stolen my ring, I could not find any proof. (prove)

1.industry (n.) 工业、行业；勤奋

industrial (adj.) 工业的；用于工业的；工业发达的

industrious (adj.) 勤奋的、勤劳的

industriously (adv.) 勤劳地、勤奋地

industriousness (n.) 勤奋、勤劳

2.describe (v.) 描述某人（某物）；叫做、称做；画（尤指几何图形）

description (n.) 对某人（某物）的描述、叙述

descriptive (adj.) 描述的、描写的

3.suspect (v.) 有（某事物）存在或属实的想法，相信；怀疑（某物），不相信；怀疑某人有

某罪

suspect (n.) 嫌疑犯，可疑对象

suspect (adj.) 不可靠的；不可信的；可疑的

suspicion (n.) 怀疑；猜疑；些许味道，少量

suspicious (adj.) 有疑心的，表示怀疑的；引起怀疑的，可疑的

unsuspecting (adj.) 不怀疑的，无猜疑的，可信任的

4.assist (v.) 帮助、协助、援助；在某场合出席，参加某事物

assistance (n.) 帮忙，援助

assistant (n.) 助手、助理；店员

assistant (adj.) （定语）协理、副经理

5.employ (v.) 雇用某人；使用某人（某物），利用（时间、注意力等）

employee (n.) 受雇者；雇员；雇工

employer (n.) 雇用者；雇主

employment (n.) 雇用；使用；受雇用；职业

unemployed (adj.) 未被雇用的；失业的；不在使用中的

unemployment (n.) 失业；失业状况；失业人数

6.prove (v.) 证明、证实；显示出是某事物

proof (n.) 证据、证物、证言；验证、证明

proof (adj.) 可防某事物的，有防护作用的；能抵御某事物的；（用以构成复合词）抗……

的；防……的

disprove (v.) 证明（某事物）有误或有假

disproof (n.) 反证明；反证物

II. Grammar Exercises

1. Tenses

Use of simple past tense:

1) The simple past tense is used to talk about completed actions and habits in the past.

e.g. Shakespeare died in 1616.

We used to walk a mile in the morning when we were in London.

2) Past tense of verbs such as want, wonder, hope is used for polite inquiries.

e.g. I wondered how you liked the film.

Use of past progressive:

1) The past progressive indicates a limited duration of time and is thus a convenient way to

indicate that something took place (in the simple past) while something else was happening.

e.g. Carlos lost his watch while he was running.

2) The past progressive can express incomplete action.

e.g. I was sleeping on the couch when Bertie smashed through the door.

※as opposed to the simple past, which suggests a completed action

e.g. I slept on the couch last night.

3) The past progressive is also used to poke fun at or criticize an action that is sporadic but

habitual in nature.

e.g. Tashonda was always handing in late papers.

4) We use the past progressive of verbs such as wonder to show politeness.

e.g.I was wondering if you could give me a lift.

※This use is even more polite and tentative than the simple past.

Use of past perfect tense:

1) The past perfect tense expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the

past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past.

e.g. I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.

2) If the past perfect tense is not referring to an action at a specific time, it is not optional. Compare the examples below. Here the past perfect tense is referring to a lack of experience rather than an action at a specific time. For this reason, the past perfect tense cannot be used.

e.g. She never saw a bear before she moved to Alaska. Not Correct

She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska. Correct

Practice:

Complete the following sentences using the simple past, past progressive or past perfect tense.

Keys:

1. were bathing, were looking, were playing (The past progressive refers to an event in progress.)

2. was leaving, was, arrived, learned, had left, found, had used

3. was cycling, stepped, was going, managed, didn’t hit

4. was playing; was singing (We use the simple past tense to express a short action that happens in the middle of the long action. We can join the two ideas with when or while.)

5. tried, wanted, had had, ended

6. entered, didn't recognize, had lost, grown

2. Verbs of perception

Verbs of perception are a set of verbs denoting the use of one of the physical senses. Some verbs of perception see, look at, hear,listen, and feel, along with watch and sense can be used with objects followed by verbs in -ing form, -ed form and infinitive form.

e.g. We heard you leave. (Emphasis on our hearing.)

We heard you leaving. (Emphasis on your leaving.)

John has never heard the piece played before. (Emphasis on the passive voice of play.)

Practice: Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the verbs in the brackets.

1. The instructor watched the student ________ (take) the test.

2. I heard the dog ________ (bark), but it didn’t keep me awake.

3. She felt herself ________ (lift) up by the wind and ________ (throw) to the ground.

4. The missing boy was last seen ____ (play) near the river.

5. They knew her very well. They had seen her _____ (grow) up from childhood.

Keys: 1. take 2. barking 3. lifted, thrown 4. playing 5. grow

3. Special word order with as and though

In a concessive clause introduced by though or although, the complement or the adverbial can be placed at the beginning of the sentence. The formula for the inversion is:

complement / adverbial + as / though + subject + predicate verb

e.g. Old as / though he is, he works hard as a young man.

Hard as / though he studied, he did not pass the examination.

Practice：Rewrite the following sentences according to the model.

Model: Though it was brief, it had been spent in that big old house.

Brief as it was, it had been spent in that big old house.

1.Though he was poor, he was honest.

2.Though I admire him much as a writer, I do not like him as a man.

3.Although he is a child, he knows a lot.

4.Though he worked hard, he didn’t finish the work satisfactorily.

Keys:

1. Poor as / though he was, he was honest.

2. Much as/though I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man.

3. Child as / though he is, he knows a lot.

4. Hard as / though he worked, he didn’t finish the work satisfactorily.

4. Present participle phrases used as adverbials

Present participle phrases can be used as adverbials to express reason, condition, time, result and attending circumstances.

e.g. Turning around, she saw an ambulance driving up. (time)

Knowing English well, he can read Shakespeare. (reason)

Working still harder, you will succeed. (condition)

Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. (result)

He sat at the window eating. (attending circumstances)

Practice:

Fill in each blank with the proper form of the verb in the brackets and decide what it expresses.

Keys:

1. breathing, looking (attending circumstances)

2. Considering (reason)

3. happening (condition)

4. saving (result)

5. Hearing (time)

III. Translation exercises

1. 他为这次面试中可能被问到的问题做好了准备。(confront)

Translation:

He has prepared answers to the questions that he expects to confront during the interview.

Confronted by an angry crowd, the police retreated.

2. 他悲惨的遭遇深深打动了我们，我们几乎要哭出声来。(touch)

Translation:

His sad story touched us so deeply that we nearly cried.

3. 上海人容易听懂苏州话，因为上海话和苏州话有许多共同之处。(in common) Translation:

People from Shanghai can understand Suzhou dialect with ease, for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much in common.

4. 亨利和妻子正在考虑能不能在三年内买一幢新房子。(look into)

Translation:

Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house within three years.

Unit 2.

Vocabulary Analysis

1. Phrase practice

1. be through with = have sth. finished 完成

2. look over one’s shoulder = by looking from behind one's shoulder 回头看

3. take … apart =dissemble拆开；粗暴对待

4. be prepared to = like/ want to 想要做

2. Word comparison

1. entitle: to give a title to a book

2. scornful: if you are scornful of someone or something, you show contempt for them

3. technical: a technical language is the one that is difficult for most people to understand because it is connected with one particular subject or used in one particular job

4. code: a set of rules which are accepted as general principles, or a set of written rules which state how people in a particular organization or country should behave

e.g.Clinics will be subject to a new code of conduct and stronger controls by local authorities. discipline:the practice of making people obey rules or standards of behavior, and punishing them when they do not

e.g. Children have to obey the discinples.

key: the part of a plan, action, etc, that will make it possible for it to succeed

e.g. Working well as a team is key to success.

principle: a basic idea or rule that explains or controls how something happens or works

e.g. The most important principle is the equal opportunity for all.

number: to give a number to something that is part of an ordered set or list

e.g.They have not numbered the pages of the report.

calculate:to judge the number or amount of something by using the information that you already have, and adding, multiplying, subtracting or dividing numbers

e.g. The new tax system would be calculated on the value of property owned by an individual. figure: to calculate an amount

e.g. I am still figuring my taxes.

estimate: If you estimate a quantity or value, you make an approximate judgment or calculation of it.

e.g. I estimate that the total cost for treatment will be $12,500.

score: the number of points, goals, etc. achieved in a game or competition

e.g.Have you heard of the latest cricket score?

point: one of the marks or numbers that shows your score in a game or sport

e.g. He is three points behind the leader.

mark:a point that is given for a correct answer or for doing something well in an exam or competition

e.g. He did well to get such a good mark.

number: one of a series of symbols used in counting, which is used to mark a particular example of something

e.g. Please write your credit card number on this form.

superior: used to describe someone who believes that they are better than other people and acts in such a way

e.g.I can’t bear Amanda-she’s so superior.

lofty: if you say that someone behaves in a lofty way, you are criticizing them for behaving in a proud and rather unpleasant way, as if they think they are very important

e.g. She has such a lofty manner.

stupid: if you say that someone or something is stupid, you mean that they show a lack of good judgment or intelligence and they are not sensible at all

e.g. I’ll never do anything so stupid again.

advanced: modern and well developed

e.g. This is the most advanced type of engine available.

smart: intelligent or sensible

e.g.The smart kids get good grades and go off to the college.

wise:a wise person is able to use their experience and knowledge in order to make sensible decisions and judgments

e.g. She has the air of a wise woman.

intelligent: being able to learn and understand things easily

e.g. Helen had a few intelligent things to say on the subject.

modern: made or done using the most recent designs or methods

e.g. A lot of progress has been made with the use of modern technology.

3. Synonym / Antonym

Give synonyms or antonyms of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used. 1. Today Tommy found a real book.

Synonyms: actual, genuine, true

2. They turned the pages, which were yellow and crinkly, and it was awfully funny to read words that stood still instead of moving the way they were supposed to—on a screen, you know. Antonyms: moving, movable, mobile, restless,

3. They turned the pages, which were yellow and crinkly, and it was awfully funny to read words that stood still instead of moving the way they were supposed to —on a screen, you know. Synonyms: rough, coarse, uneven

4. Margie always hated school, but now she hated it more than ever.

Antonyms: like, love, enjoy

5. Margie was scornful.

Synonyms: disdainful, contemptuous

6. Tommy looked at her with very superior eyes.

Antonyms: inferior, subordinate, secondary

7. “Maybe,” he said nonchalantly.

Synonyms: indifferently, coldly, coolly, casually, offhandedly

8. Little girls learned better if they learned at regular hours.

Antonyms: irregular, uncertain, random

4. Word derivation

Fill in the blank(s) in each sentence with an appropriate form of the given word in brackets.

1. It’s quite pointless to ask him again. He’ll never agree. (point)

2. No, this is not the original; it’s a good reproduction, though. (produce)

3. We’d better go by t rain. The car is too unreliable for such a long journey. (rely)

4. Thanks to your generosity we have now collected the money we need. (generous)

5. Jenny has sent me a very apologetic letter explaining why she didn’t do what she had promised. (apology)

6. You must realize that such disobedience cannot be tolerated. (obey)

7. I have never worked for such a considerate employer; I think all the other employees have the same opinion (employ)

8. Without your encouragement he would never have been able to do it. (courage)

1. point (n.) 点，要点，尖端，细节，目标

pointless (adj.) 不尖的，钝的，不得要领的

pointy (adj.) 非常尖的，有明显尖状突出部分的

e.g. This point is no leeway for dispute. 这一点是没有争论的余地的。

He heaped scorn on painting and sculpture which he described as pointless pastimes. 他嘲笑绘画和雕塑，称它们为无意义的消遣。

2. produce （v.）生产，提出，引起，生产

product (n.) 产品，成果

production (n.) 生产，产品，产量，作品，成果

productivity (n.) 生产率，生产能力

productive (adj.) 能生产的，有生产价值的，多产的

reproduce (v.) 复制，再生，生殖

reproduction (n.) 复制品，复制，繁殖，生殖

e.g. Can water turn into wine? How can earth and water produce a live frog! 水能变成酒吗?泥

土与水何以能制造出一只活生生的青蛙?

During the most productive time in her career, she wrote five novels. 在她创作生涯中最多产的时期，她写了五本小说。

We need to build a sales force with high productivity. 我们必须建立一支高产能的销售队伍。

3. rely(v.)依赖，依靠

reliable (adj.) 可靠地，可信的

reliability (n.) 可靠性

unreliable (adj.) 不可靠的

unreliability (n.) 不可靠性，不安全性

e.g. The only man a girl can rely on is her father . 一个女孩唯一可以依赖一生的男人就是她的

父亲。

I don’t think he is a reliable man.我不认为他是一个可靠的人。

That he always failed to appear raises serious doubts as to his reliability. 他一直未露面，实在使人怀疑他是否可靠。

I was fed up with my old and unreliable car. 我受够我那辆又老又不可靠的车子了。

4. generous （adj.）慷慨的，宽宏大量的，丰盛的，味浓的

generousness (n.) 慷慨，宽大，丰富，肥沃

generosity (n.) 慷慨，大方

e.g. The generous man receives more than he gives. 大方的人得到的比给予的多。

If children live with sharing, they learn generosity. 如果生活在分享之中，孩子们将学会慷慨。

5. apology (n.) 道歉；勉强的替代物

apologize (v.) 道歉，谢罪

apologetical (adj.) 辩解的

apologetic (adj.) 道歉的，认错的，赔罪的

e.g. In my judgment, we should accept their apology. 依我看，我们应该接受他们的道歉。

I apologize for what happened. 我为所发生的事情道歉。

He spoke in an apologetic voice. 他说话充满歉意。

6. obey (v.) 服从，听从，顺从

obedient (adj.) 服从的，顺从的

obedience (n.) 服从，顺从

disobedient (adj.) 不服从的，不顺从的

disobedience (n.) 不服从，违抗

e.g. You must obey her without question. 你必须绝对服从她的命令。

"I only wish to have three obedient boys." answered the mother. “我只想要三个听话的孩子，”母亲回答。

His father beat the disobedient boy. 父亲打了那个不听话的孩子.

7. employ （v.）雇佣，使用

employee (n.) 雇员

employment (n.) 职业，雇佣，使用

employer (n.) 雇主

employless (adj.) 失业的，无业的

unemployment (n.) 失业率，失业人数

unemploy (v.) 解雇，使失业

e.g. I employ all my energies in writing. 我把我的全部精力用于写作。

He has no permanent employment. 他没有固定的工作。

Lack of job opportunities results in severe unemployment. 工作机会的缺乏导致严重的失业。

8. courage (n.) 勇敢，胆量

courageous (adj.) 勇敢的

discourage (v.) 使气馁，阻碍

discouraged (adj.) 泄气的，沮丧的

discouragement (n.) 挫折

e.g. Courage is grace under pressure. 勇气是压力下的风度。

A courageous man never wants weapons. 勇敢之人从来不需要武器。

Teachers should discourage their students from smoking and drinking. 教师应劝阻学生吸烟喝酒。

My mother always speaks words of cheer to me when I feel discouraged. 每当我觉得气馁的时候，我母亲总会对我说安慰鼓励的话。

II. Grammar Exercises

1. Generic reference and specific reference of a/an, the

We usually use “the” when we talk about things that are unique: the sun, the sky, etc, and about things that are context specific and are known by both the speaker and the listener. If we want to describe a particular instance of these we can use “a/an”.

e.g. I could see the plane (context specific, both the speaker and the listener know about the

plane that is mentioned) high up in the sky (unique).

When I woke up there was a bright blue sky (an instance).

Practice: Put in a/an or the where necessary.

1.______ Renaissance was the period of the revival of classical art and literature in the 14th to

16th centuries.

2.English has become _____ international language of business.

3.Within a day of washing, my hair it starts to feel greasy. I have yet to find ______ shampoo to

solve this problem.

4.Do you remember when Mark and Julie came over and had that terrible row? That was

______ day I wouldn’t want to go through again.

5.I couldn’t go to Jane’s party. It was ______ day I was babysitting for Derek and Linda.

6.I know the meeting will be on ______ Sunday in June, but I don’t know th e exact date yet.

Keys:

1. The (a unique event in history)

2. the (unique and context specific)

3. a (a kind of shampoo)

4. a (an instance)

5. the (context specific, both the speaker and the listener know which day)

6. a (one)

2. "Go to school" or "go to the school"

A/an, the and zero articles can all be used in set collocations or fixed collocations and idioms. Caution that collocations with different choices of articles can mean differently.

e.g. A man is standing in the front of the house. (The man is in the house.)

A tree is standing i n front of the house. (The tree is outside the house.)

I go to school every day. (=I go to the school to study every day.)

I went to the school today. (=Today I went to some place and that place was a school.)

Practice: Put in the where necessary.

1.He sleeps during _____ day and works at _____ night.

2.It is cold outside. Put on your sweater or you will catch _____ cold.

3.We heard the news on _____ radio. They watched the news on _____ television.

4.He was very religious. He used to go to _____ church every Sunday.

5.He couldn’t wait any longer. He decided to go to _____ church to find her himself.

6.He was the officer in _____ charge of the investigation

Keys: 1. the, / 2. a 3. the, / 4. / 5. the 6. /

III. Translation exercises

1..一个由外交部长率领的政府代表团昨天抵达南非，开始对该国进行为期3天的友好访问。（Head）

Explanation:

If you head a group of people (sometimes followed by up), you go at the head of or in front of them or you are the head or chief of them: e.g. to head a school; to head up a department. When you head something, you direct the course of sth. or turn the head or front of in a specified direction.

Translation:

Yesterday a government delegation headed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs arrived in South Africa and began a three-day friendly visit to the country.

Practice:

我们看见他向我们走来, 就让到一边。

We saw him heading for us, so we stepped aside.

2.小张的母亲前天突然病倒，他赶紧派人去请医生。(send for)

Explanation:

To send for sb. is to request someone to come by sending them a message.

Translation:

Xiao Zhang’s mother fell ill the day before yesterday; he sent for a doctor immediately. Practice:

静脉注射液快要输完了，我要准备叫护士来了。

I'm going to send for a nurse, as the intravenous drip will run out soon.

3.在这个信息爆炸的时代，我们必须不断努力更新知识，才能适应工作的需要。（become adjusted to）

Explanation:

If you become adjusted to something or a place, you get used to it.

Translation:

In this era of information explosion, we have to make constant efforts to renew our knowledge. Only thus can we become adjusted to the requirement of our work.

Practice:

去适应一个腐朽的社会也是心理健康的表现么？

Is becoming well-adjusted to a sick society a sign of good mental health?

4.那男孩把衬衫塞到裤腰里，将皮包夹在腋下，看上去俨然一副老板样。(tuck) Explanation:

To tuck is to make one or more folds in or to gather up and fold, thrust, or turn in so as to secure or confine.

Translation:

With his shirt tucked into the top of his trousers and a leather bag under his arm, the boy looks just like a boss.

Practice:

俗语说：“夹紧尾巴做人。”

As the saying goes, "Behave yourself and tuck your tail between your legs."

如果你去郊游的话，记得在包里带上塑料袋。Remember to tuck a plastic bag in your bag.

When you go for a walk in the countryside,

Unit 3

I. Vocabulary Analysis

1. Phrase practice

1. get away from sth. = become different from what it should be like 避免，与……不同

e.g. The book produces a new image of teacher which gets away from the stereotype. 这本书描绘

了一个与以往大不相同的教师形象。

2. pull out into traffic =move out onto the main road 驶入车流

e.g. The murderer winded down the window and pulled out into traffic. 凶手摇下车窗，将车驶入

车流。

He waved me goodbye and pulled out into traffic. 他向我挥手告别，将车驶入车流。

3. on the receiving end =who receives sth. 接收方；be the one who suffers something unpleasant 承受不愉快、接受打击的人

e.g. No one want to be on the receiving end of game playing. 游戏中，谁也不想成为被动的一

方。

4. go a long way = produce a far-reaching effect 有长远的影响

e.g. Tomorrow’s game will go a long way toward determining their team’s future.

明天的比赛对决定他们队的未来意义重大。

2. Word comparison

matter: to be important, or to affect what happens

e.g.We were late but it didn’t seem to matter.

happen: when something happens, there is an event, especially one that is not planned

e.g.It’s important to predict what will happen next.

care: if you care about something, you feel that it is important and are concerned about it

e.g.Does anybody know we’re here, does anybody care?.

mind: to take care of someone or something

e.g.She asked me if I’d mind the children for an hour while she went shopping.

hurry: to do something or go somewhere more quickly than usual, especially because there is not much time

e.g.I hate having to hurry a meal.

rush: if you rush somewhere, you go there quickly

e.g.A schoolgirl rushed into a burning flat to save a man’s life.

hasten: you hasten something by acting in order to make it happen sooner

e.g. He hastened to the office.

quicken: to become quicker or make something quicker

e.g. Ray glanced at his watch and quickened his pace.

copartner: a joint partner (as in a business enterprise)

e.g.She is a copartner of a law firm.

coworker: your coworker is someone you work with, especially people on the same job or project as you

e.g. A coworker urged him to see a psychiatrist, but Faulkner refused.

colleague: your colleagues are the people you work with, especially in a professional job

e.g.We’re entertaining some colleagues of Ben’s tonight.

cooperative: a business or organization owned equally by all the people working there

e.g. They decided to set up a cooperative.

pull up: when a car or someone driving a car pull up, the driver stops the car, often for a short time

e.g.A car pulled up outside my house.

pull out: if a vehicle pulls out, it starts moving onto a road or onto a different part of the road

e.g. A car pulled right out in front of me.

pull off: to drive a car off a road in order to stop, or to turn into a smaller road

e.g. We pulled off the road to get some food.

pull down: to earn a particular amount of money

e.g. He is pulling down $5,000 a year.

manner: the way in which people behave and talk when they are with other people, for example whether they are polite, confident or bad-tempered

e.g.His manner was self-assured and brusque.

behaviour: the thing that a person or animal does

e.g. It is important to reward good behavior.

act: something that you do

e.g. The simple act of telling someone about a problem can help.

way: the ways of a particular person or group of people are their customs or their usual behavior e.g. He has rather strange ways.

graceful: behave in a pleasant way

e.g.She finally apologized, but she wasn’t very graceful ab out it.

gracious: behaving in a polite, kind, and generous way, especially to people of a lower rank

e.g. Sibyl was the most gracious, helpful, and generous person to work with.

grateful: if you are grateful for something that someone has given you or done for you, you have a warm, friendly feeling towards them and wish to thank them

e.g. She was grateful to him for being so good to her.

grand: splendid in style and appearance; attracting admiration and attention

e.g. They always entertain their guests in a grand style.

menu: a list of all the kinds of food that are available for a meal, especially in a restaurant

e.g.Could we have the menu, please?

cookbook: a book that contains recipes for preparing food

e.g. This is a house that specializes in cookbooks.

recipe: a set of instructions for cooking a particular type of food

e.g. His recipe will be enough for four servings.

ingredient: a food that is used with other foods in the preparation of a particular dish

e.g. The list of ingredients included 250g of almonds.

huge: extremely large in size, amount, or degree

e.g.There shoes make my feet look huge.

enormous: emphasizing the great degree or extent of something

e.g. It was an enormous disappointment.

vast: extremely big

e.g. A vast audience watched the broadcast.

colossal: used to emphasize that something is extremely large

e.g. The whole holiday was a colossal waste of money.

3. Synonym / Antonym

Give synonyms or antonyms of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.

1. … never giving a wave or nod of appreciation when another motorist lets them pull out into traffic.

Synonyms: thanks, recognition

2. In our laziness we think that something like a simple ―Thank you‖ doesn’t really matter. Antonyms: activeness, liveliness, briskness, eagerness

3. We can’t be truly stylish without good manners.

Synonyms: fashionable, graceful, elegant

4. Haven’t you noticed that the kindest, most generous people seem to keep getting prettier? Antonyms: selfish, mean, ungenerous

5. A gracious manner not only sets an excellent example for your children and grandchildren but it adds panache to your image.

Synonyms: nice, courteous, polite, friendly

6. I know we all have busy lives.

Antonyms: leisurely, relaxed, idle, unoccupied, lazy

7. Bu t when someone does stop and turn around and genuinely apologizes, doesn’t it melt away most — if not all — of the irritation you felt?

Synonyms: annoyance, vexation, displeasure, dissatisfaction

8. And punctuality is not a thing of the past, either.

Antonyms: promptness, timekeeping, reliability

4. Word derivation

Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate form of the given capitalized word in the brackets.

1..The next-door neighbours are so unfriendly that we have stopped trying to talk to them. (friend)

2.Yes, I can speak a little Spanish because I spent some of my boyhood in Spain. (boy)

3.The doctor dealt with the hysterical patient with understanding. (understand)

4.There’s a reception at the British Embassy tonight. (receive)

5.The disappearance of the money from the cash-box shows that somebody in this office is a thief. (appear)

6.You must accept the decision of the committee. (decide)

7.Tom and Tim are twin brothers. They look exactly alike, differing only in height. (difference)

8.To relieve the traffic congestion, the government has built several elevated roads in the city. (elevator).

1. friend (n.) 朋友，友人，支持者

friendly (adj.&adv.) 友好的，友善的

friendship (n.) 友谊，友好

friendliness (n.) 友好，亲切

friendless (adj.) 没有朋友的，无依无靠的

unfriendly (adj.) 不友好的，有敌意的

e.g. She smiled at him, a friendly smile. 她向他微笑着，一种友好的微笑。

Cheerfulness is the basis of friendliness. 令人愉快是友谊的基石。

What we are doing now is wasteful of resources and unfriendly to environment. 我们现在做的是浪费资源、对环境不利的事情。

2. boy (n.) 男孩，儿子，男服务员

boyish (adj.) 像男孩子的

boyhood (n.) 少年时代

boylish (adj.) 男孩样的，很帅气的

boyishness (n.) 少年，幼稚，孩子气

e.g. It had perhaps been his boyish defiance. 这也许是少年时代放荡不羁的表现。

The picture reminds me of my boyhood. 这张照片让我想起了我的童年。

He was conscious of colouring , and was annoyed at his boyishness. 他感到一阵脸红，为自己的幼稚而感到烦恼。

3. understand (v.) 理解，懂，听说，获悉

understanding (n.) 了解，理解，个人见解，非正式协议

understandingly (adv.) 谅解地

understandable (adj.) 可理解的，能够懂的

understandability (n.) 易懂性，可理解性

understandableness (n.) 不可理解

misunderstand (v.) 误会，误解

misunderstanding (n.) 误会，误解

e.g. He did not understand the importance of this question. 他不理解这个问题的重要性。

It is understandable that he wishes to study in the USA. 他要在美国学习的愿望是可以理解的。

They pretended to misunderstand me. 他们假装听错了我的话。

We must clear away the misunderstanding. 我们必须消除这个误会。

4. receive （v.）收到，接到，受到

received (adj.) 被一般承认的，公认的

receiving (n.) 接收，买卖赃物

receiver (n.) 接收器，收款员，接待者，听筒

receivable (adj.) 可收到的，应收的

receivability (n.) 可以接受，可接纳

e.g. Nothing is more important than to receive education. 没有什么比接受教育更重要的了。

In the modern world, smoking is no longer be considered to be a receivable activity in social communication. 在当今的世界上，在社交时吸烟不再为人们所接受。

5. appear （v.）出现，显得，出版，抵达

appearance (n.) 外表，外貌出场，露面，出现

disappear (v.) 消失，不见

disappearance (n.) 消失

e.g. Freckles appear on her face every summer. 每年夏天她脸上都显露（日晒的）斑点。

In appearance it is a very strong building. 从外表来看，这座大楼是很坚固的。

One by one his symptoms disappeared. 他的症状一个一个地消失了。

No one could tell the reason of the disappearance of the money. 谁也说不清楚这些钱丢失的原因。

6. decide （v.）决定，判断

decided (adj.) 确定的，坚决的

decision (n.) 决定，决策

decisiveness (n.) 坚决，果断

decisive (adj.) 决定性的

e.g. They've decided to buy the house in the country. 他们已拿定主意购买那所乡下的房子。

But it is a decidedly climate-unfriendly strategy. 但这种策略肯定会对气候不利。

Have they reached a decision yet? 他们作出决定了么？

He has a decisive character. 他性格果断。

7. difference (n.) 差异，分歧，差额，不同

different (adj.) 不同的，差异的

differ (v.) 不同，相异，有区别

differential (adj.) 差别的，特定的，微分的

differentiate (v.) 识别，使差异，求导数，区分

differentiation (n.) 区别，分化，变异

e.g. Every country has something that differences it from another. 每个国家自有与别国不同之

处。

He shook his head, for he thought differently. 他摇了摇头，因为他有不同想法。

Each writer's style differs from that of another. 每个作家的风格各不相同。

8. elevator (n.) 电梯，飞机升降陀

elevate (v.) 举起，提拔，素养提升，鼓舞

elevation (n.) 海拔，提拔，提高

elevatory (adj.) 向上举的，升高的

e.g. You can take the escalator to your right, or the elevator to your left. 您可以搭您右手边的电

扶梯，或您左手边的升降梯。

Good books may elevate the mind. 好书可以提高思想修养。

My elevation watch just shown 5,600 meters. 我看了一下海拔表，只有5600米。

II Grammar Exercise

1. "more … than" construction

You use more than construction to indicate that there is a greater amount of something than before or than average, or than something else.

e.g. This parcel is heavier than that one.

John is a worker more efficient than Jack.

※You can use ―a little‖, ― a lot‖, ―a bit‖, ―a great deal‖, ―any‖, ―far‖, ― even‖ ―still‖, and ―much‖ in front of more than construction.

e.g. Tom is a little younger than Tim.

You get far more than you pay for it.

Practice:

Complete the sentences using a comparative form.

1. Children used to be quiet. Nowadays they seem to be much ____________.

2. I’m getti ng old. This is a job for a ________ man.

3. You’re standing too near the camera. Can you move a bit ________?

4. China has a population _________ than any other country in Asia.

5. The weather of Harbin in winter is _________ than that of Beijing.

6. He ran a fever yesterday but feels far __________ today.

Keys:

1. more noisy

2. younger

3. further

4. larger

5. colder

6. better

2. "as … ss" construction

The basic pattern of "as ... As" construction is as +adjective / adverb + as.

e.g. John is as bright as Bob.

The swimming pool isn't as wide as that one.

※You can use ―just‖, ―almost‖, ―nearly‖ , ―quite‖ in front of "as… as" construction,

e.g. Listening skills are just as important as speaking.

Maybe I didn't love you quite as often as I should have.

Practice:

Complete the sentences using the ―as … as‖ construction or the comparatives of the adjectives given.

1. Mary is just ___________ (pale) before. She needs more exercises.

2. Are you going to watch the football game? I believe it will certainly be much _________________ (exciting) it was last year.

3. Don’t worry about Susan. She hasn’t been _____________ (unlucky) she pretends.

4. —Are you feeling any_________ (good)? —Yes，I'm fine now.

5. The experiment was much __________ (easy) than we had expected.

6. The fashion show is not nearly _____________ (bad) people imagined.

Keys:

1. as pale as (The premodifier is ―just‖.)

2. more exciting than (The premodifier i s ―much‖.)

3. as unlucky as

4. better

5. easier

6. as bad as

3.the most

The superlative construction is used when three or more than three people or things are compared. In this construction there is usually a scope of comparison which may be expressed by a prepositional phrase, a relative clause, or a non-finite clause. Sometimes the scope of comparison is understood in the context and need not be expressed. In some set expressions, a scope of comparison is unnecessary at all. The negative form of the superlative construction is "the least", which, in practical usage, is usually replaced by the superlative degree of antonymous adjectives or adverbs.

e.g. This is the least difficult book I have ever read.

The idea of highest degree can also be expressed by other constructions. In some contexts the positive or comparative degree expresses the same meaning as is usually conveyed by the superlative.

e.g. George did more work than anyone else.

Nothing in my life shook me so deeply as my first visit to China.

Practice:

Use superlatives or comparatives of the adjectives given to complete the sentences.

1. I prefer this chair to the other one. It’s ___________ (comfortable).

2. That’s _______________ (funny) joke I have ever heard.

3. Now I’ve realized tha t giving up my job is _____________ (bad) mistake I have ever made.

4. Racing is ___________ (interesting) sport I've ever known.

5. The Yellow River is the second _____________ (long) river in China.

6. Which is the _____________ (large) country, Canada or Australia?

Keys:

1. more comfortable; (The comparative form is used because two chairs are being compared.)

2. the funniest; (When a noun is postmodified by a relative clause or a prepositional phrase, a superlative is used to premodify it.)

3. the worst

4. the most interesting

5. longest (When there is an ordinal number before a noun, a superlative is used after the ordinal number.)

6. larger (The comparative form is used because two countries are being compared.)

III. Translation exercises

1.在音乐会上，歌手每唱完一首美妙动听的歌曲，观众便高声喝彩表示欣赏。（appreciation）Explanation:

"Appreciation" means the act of understanding of the nature or meaning or quality or magnitude of something.

Translation:

At the concert, whenever a singer finished singing a beautiful song, the audience would burst into loud cheers to show their appreciation.

Practice:

对美酒的赞美和良好的分辨力总是相配的。

The appreciation of fine wine and that of fine intellectual distinctions often go together.

对于艺术作品的欣赏必然受到一种特殊的兴趣爱好的支配。

Appreciation of works of art is bound to be dominated by a particular kind of interest.

爱因斯坦的天才受到如此广泛的赞赏似乎相当引人注目。

It seems remarkable that there was such general appreciation of Einstein's genius.

2.她是个穿着时髦的人，但对饮食很少讲究。(stylish)

Explanation:

If you are stylish, you have elegance or taste or refinement in manners or dress, or you are in accordance with current social fashions.

Translation:

She is always wearing stylish clothes, but seldom cares about what she eats or drinks. Practice:

他身穿吊带西裤，跳起舞来非常潇洒。

He is wearing a suit with shoulder straps and doing a stylish dance

阿玛尼所推出的夹克宽松而有型，一般大众都乐于接受这种变化。

Armani's loose, stylish jackets were seen as a welcome change.

重庆不是一个时尚的城市，这对重庆女孩来说，当然有些遗憾。

Chongqing is not a stylish city, and this is, of course, a pity to its girls.

3.颁奖时，主席赞美获奖者为人类做出了巨大贡献。(compliment)

Explanation:

"Compliment" is an expression of praise, congratulation or encouragement.

Translation:

When awarding the prize, the chairman comlimented the winner on his great contribution to mankind.

Practice:

威尔逊太太不屑地把眉毛一扬，否定了这句恭维话。

Mrs. Wilson rejected the compliment by raising her eyebrow in distain.

他沽名钓誉。

He angled for compliments.

他会说动听的恭维话。

He can turn pretty compliments.

4 这只是例行的体格检查，无须太紧张。(routine)

Explanation:

"Routine" is a course of action to be followed regularly; a standard procedure or a set of normal procedures, often performed mechanically.

Translation:

It is just a routine physical checkup, nothing to get worried about.

Practice:

我厌倦了这日复一日、一成不变的日常工作。

I'm bored with the same old routine day after day.

你需要从日常工作中抽身去休息一下。

You need a break from routine.

那天傍晚，他没有把报告按规定送去存档，而是放进一个夹子，锁进了自己的抽屉。

Later that day, instead of sending it for routine filing, he placed the report in a folder in a locked drawer of his desk.

Unit 4

I. Vocabulary Analysis

1. Phrase practice

1. live life up= to have a very enjoyable and exciting time 积极向上地生活

e.g. I was determined to live life up after witnessing the tragedy. 目睹那场悲剧之后，我决定要

积极的生活。

2. turn one’s back on = to go away from or refuse to be with 拒绝帮助

e.g.I can’t turn my back on friends who are in need of help. 我不能在朋友需要的时候拒绝他

们。

研究生英语综合教程(课后习题答案)

Unit One Task 1 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B Task 2 1.public(c) 2.discipline(b) 3.strength(a) 4.reference(a) 5.strength(d) 6.public(a) 7.demonstrated(b) 8.discipline(c) 9.references(c) 10.personality(a) 11.discipllining(d) 12.demonstrates(a) 13.public(d) 14.reference(b) 15.personality(c) Task 3 1.employment 2.paid 3.adjust 4.setting 5.discouraged 6.credit 7.cite 8.demonstrate 9.teamwork 10.rules Unit Two Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C Task 2 1. bud (n.); budding (adj.) 2. access (n.); access (v.) 3. taste (n.);tasted (v.) 4. fool (n.); fooling (v.) 5. produces (v.); produce (n.) 6. garnish (v.); garnishes (n.) 7. reigns (v.); reign (n.) 8. concern (n.); concerned (v.) 9. named (v.); name (n.) 10. practiced (v.); practice (n.) Task 3 1) integration 2) choice 3) handed 4) aspiring 5) steaming 6) masterpieces 7) pleasure 8) partake 9) amazing 10) presented Unit Three Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A Task 2 1. stack up against 2. struck a chord 3. amounted to 4. chopping off 5. appeal to 6. pick up on 7. turned out 8. fade away 9. brought together 10. pulled off 11. thrust upon 12. be kept clear of Task 3 1) swirling 2) delivered 3) glowed 4) intervals 5) converge 6) wanderings 7) navigate 8) jealousy 9) presence 10) absorbed Unit Four Task 1 1.A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C Task 2 1. maintained (a) 2. romantic (a)

研究生学术综合英语课文翻译unit1-4

第一单元? 如何发表演说斯蒂芬·卢卡斯? ???? 在人类创造的万物中，语言可能是最卓越的一项创造。通过语言，我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识、传承文化。确实，语言对于思想本身至关重要。和流行的信仰不同的是：语言并不是简单地反映事实，而是通过对事件意义的思考来帮助人们感悟现实。? ???? 优秀的演说者尊重语言并懂得如何驾驭语言。语言是演说者展示才能的工具，对于他们来说，如同其他职业的工具一样,语言也有特殊的功用。作为一名演说者，你应该意识到话语的意义，并懂得如何准确无误地使用语言，使其表达清楚，趣味横生，恰如其分。? 如同数字对于会计的重要性一样，准确地使用语言对于演说者至关重要。在没有确切知道一个词语的意思之前，千万不要盲目使用。碰到没有把握的词语，一定要查词典追根究底。当你准备演讲之前，一定要不断地问自己：“我究竟想说些什么？我究竟想表达什么样的意思？”因此，对于一篇演讲稿的用词来说，必须准确无误。? 如果语言表达清楚无误，听众就能很快抓住你的意思。鉴于此，演说者应该使用那些对于大多数人来说非常熟悉的词语，这些词语不需要任何专业背景就能够理解；演说者应该使用那些表达具体而不是相对抽象的词语；并且千万不要乱堆砌辞藻，哗众取宠。? 准确生动地使用语言能够使你的演说贴近生活。有一种方法可以使你的语言更加生动形象，那就是通过展开联想或创造语言图示。通过使用表达具体的词语、明喻或者暗喻等手法可以展开想像。明喻是对事物不同之处的比较，不过有些是相同的：它们总是包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。暗喻是一种隐性的比喻，它能够把两个形式不同但是有一些相通之处的事物联系在一起，暗喻不包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。? 另一种让你的演说生动形象的方法是注重语言的节奏感。有四种修辞格可以让你的语言富有节奏感：排比、重复、头韵和对比。排比是将一组或一系列具有相似结构的词语、短语或者句子排列在一起；重复是在一系列短句或者长句的开头或者结尾使用相同的一句话或者一组词语；头韵是指邻近或者相邻的几个句子中的首个词语的辅音字母相同；对比是将一些意思相反的词语或者句子并列在一起，通常使用排比结构。恰当地使用语言是指语言的运用要符合特定的场合、特定的观众和特定的主题。同时，恰当地使用语言还意味着演说者要有自己的语言风格，而不是模仿他人的口吻。如果演说者的语言在各个方面都能够做到恰如其分，那么这篇演说成功的机率就会大大提高。??????? 优秀的演说并不是空穴来风、缺乏论据的决断。演说者必须找到强有力的论据来支持其观点。实际上，熟练地使用论据经常是区别一篇优秀演说词和一篇空洞演说词的关键所在。一般来说，通常有三种论据材料：事例、统计数据和证词。? ???????在演说过程中，你可以使用一些简明扼要的例子——比如过去发生的一个很具体的事件——有时候，你可以罗列好几个简明的例子，借此增强听众的印象。扩展性的例子——描述、叙述或者奇闻轶事——通常长一些，但更具体。夸张性的例子描述想像中的情形，这种例子能够将相关的想法有效地传达给听众。这三种例子都能够帮助演说者理清思绪、加强印象或者使演说更加娓娓动听。为了使表达更加富有效果，例子应该生动活泼，丰富多彩。只要演说者对于统计数据用之得当并且加以解释，这些数据将有助于有效地传达信息，听众也能从统计数据中获益匪浅。最重要的是：演说者应该对统计数据了如指掌，并且运用得恰如其分。由于数据很容易操纵和捏造，因此，对于演说者来说，一定要确保图表没有张冠李戴，并且要确保统计方法正确，数据来源可靠。?

(完整word版)学术综合英语课后答案解析

Unit 1 C 1.The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture. 2.In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view. 3.An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice. 4.By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience. 5.The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing. 6.When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in your speech.

综合英语一课后答案

第一课：一、written work Time is important .Everyone has 24 hours in a day ,and 365 days in a year. Once a day runs out in our life,it will never come back again.If we love our lives,we shouldn't waste time.we must control time.The best way to use time is to plan it well. When making the study plan,we should remember two things .First ,be realistic.Don't try to do too many things .Second ,a good study plan should be flexible .We may make some small changes,but follow the same pattern. Let's be the master of time ,start our plan now. 二、 1、I have run out of food ,I must go to buy some. 2,You have said so ,you should put them into practice . 3.It takes at least two hours to get there by bus. 4.Although we failes,at least we tried our best . 5.you speak louder so that everyone can hear you. 6.How long has it taken you to write that article? 7.You seem to be very sad .Tell us what has happened so that we may help you. 8.We should keep our classroom clean. 9.We may asd Xiao Wang to help us ,he seems to have a lot of time. 10.My brother will come to Beijing next week. he must make good use of time to stay here. 三、用本课的动词句型1。 1. You are the person whom(who)I'm looking for.

基础综合英语_1-5单元课后翻译

作文翻译 Unit 1 李明是学化学的，性格开朗幽默，颇有魅力，但英语成绩不佳，每次只能勉强及格。老师警告他，英语不好会阻碍他拿奖学金，并亮出了自己的王牌：如果李明不努力，就让他考试不过关。老师还告诉他，学习英语不能只为了文凭，否则他即使大学毕业，也还是个半文盲。李明虽然保持镇定，但他明白，他的学业生涯正在攸关之际，必须安心下来埋头学习，坚持不懈。 Li Ming was a chemistry major, a charmer noted for his easygoing and humorous temperament. However, his English was so poor that he always barely got by. The teacher admonished him that his poor English would be an impediment to scholarship. What’s more, she showed her trump card: if Li Ming did not work hard. She would flunk him. He was also told that he should not learn English merely for the sake of his diploma. otherwise, even after graduation from university, he would still be semiliterate. Although Li Ming did not lose his composure, he was well aware that he had to settle down to work and follow through because his academic life was at stake. Unit2 我的朋友琳达接受过良好的教育，既美丽又端庄，三十好几依然没有人向她求婚。究其原因，她的事业心极强，整日扑在工作上，每天来往于住处和公司之间，根本没有时间和异性交往。一想到女儿这么大了还单身一人，她父母就焦虑不安。他们不知道该如何是好，甚至还去咨询一些社会学专家。但是事情在上个月出现了转机，公司的总部调琳达到培训部。在新的工作岗位上，琳达遇到了第一个触动她心弦的男人。从此，他们几乎每天约会，琳达意识到她会不顾一切地爱这个男人。决定嫁人的时候，她告诉了我这个好消息。虽然琳达的爱情让人想起电影中才会有的浪漫故事，我也担忧未来究竟会怎样，但我还是表达了我由衷的祝福，并爽快答应在婚礼那天做他们的伴娘和伴郎随从中的一员。 Linda, my good friend, has received good education and is both beautiful and elegant. She was not proposed to even when she was well over thirty. The reason is that she, as a career –oriented woman, is devoted to her work. Navigating between home and the company, she had hardly any time to socialize with people of the opposite sex. Her parents were gripped by anxiety at the thought of their daughter still remaining single at such an age. They did not know what to do and even consulted with some sociologists. But the situation began to change last month, when the headquarters of the company transferred Linda to the training department. On the new post, Linda met a man who tugged on her heartstrings for the first time. Ever since then, they dated virtually on a daily basis, and Linda realized that she would love the man beyond all reason. When she decided to take the matrimonial plunge, she informed me. Though Linda’s love is reminiscent of the romance that we see only in movies and I don’t know what the future will hold for her, I give her my heart-felt wishes and agree readily to be a member of the entourage of bridesmaids and groomsmen. Unit 3 食品供应商缺乏诚信已经成为当今社会的一大问题。部分企业欺骗公众，故意散布假消息，颂扬食品添加剂是食品工业的伟大成就，并声称适量的添加剂对健康有益无害。部分有良知的科学家对食品添加剂的含量和毒性展开了深入的病理学研究。研究结果表明，部分常见的食品添加剂经长期，可能会对健康产生危害，这被认为是食品安全研究方面极为重要的

学术综合英语unit1_5课后习题答案解析

Task 2 A contrary to implicit assertion look up adapted Sustain unbiased In the course of metaphor clutter B bolster credible impromptu sparingly anecdote Credentials testimony hypothetical paraphrase juxtaposition Task 3 Translation B.发言提纲是有效发言的基础。通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的思想是相关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结构是连贯的。通常，准备讲演你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。在准备发言提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点，发言提纲应该由简要的提要组成，这些提要在你讲话时能够给予你一些帮助。发言提纲还应该包括帮助你记忆的重点词或重点短语。在写发言提纲时，可采用准备提纲的模式，尽可能使你的发言提纲简要，同时，要确保提纲清晰，易于辨认。 C. 1. The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture. 2. In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view. 3. An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice. 4. By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience. 5. The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing. 6. When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in you speech. 7. When you write a paper, citing the views from some experts is a good way to make your ideas more credible. 8. A good method of delivering a speech will improve its quality and will help convey the speakers’ ideas clearly and interestingly. 9. You should mot blindly use a word that you are not sure about, and if you are not sure, look up the word in a dictionary. 10. Your language should adapt to the particular occasion and audience. If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is successful. D. Before you deliver an academic speech, you should, first of all, get well prepared for it. Then, you should make your major points clear in your speech, and your speech should be well organized. When speaking, you should not speak too fast, and your language should be exp licit. Don’t always read the notes you prepared beforehand. From time to time, you should look at your audience. On one hand, you can show your respect to your audience, and on the other hand, you will be able to go on with your speech more smoothly.

研究生英语综合教程课后习题答案

U n i t O n e Task 1 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B Task 2 1.public(c) 2.discipline(b) 3.strength(a) 4.reference(a) 5.strength(d) 6.public(a) 7.demonstrated(b) 8.discipline(c) 9.references(c) 10.personality(a) 11.discipllining(d) 12.demonstrates(a) 13.public(d) 14.reference(b) 15.personality(c) Task 3 1.employment 2.paid 3.adjust 4.setting 5.discouraged 6.credit 7.cite 8.demonstrate 9.teamwork 10.rules Unit Two Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C Task 2 1. bud (n.); budding (adj.) 2. access (n.); access (v.) 3. taste (n.);tasted (v.) 4. fool (n.); fooling (v.) 5. produces (v.); produce (n.) 6. garnish (v.); garnishes (n.) 7. reigns (v.); reign (n.) 8. concern (n.); concerned (v.) 9. named (v.); name (n.) 10. practiced (v.); practice (n.) Task 3 1) integration 2) choice 3) handed 4) aspiring 5) steaming 6) masterpieces 7) pleasure 8) partake 9) amazing 10) presented Unit Three Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A Task 2 1. stack up against 2. struck a chord 3. amounted to 4. chopping off 5. appeal to 6. pick up on 7. turned out 8. fade away 9. brought together 10. pulled off 11. thrust upon 12. be kept clear of Task 3 1) swirling 2) delivered 3) glowed 4) intervals 5) converge 6) wanderings 7) navigate 8) jealousy 9) presence 10) absorbed Unit Four Task 1 1.A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C Task 2 1. maintained (a) 2. romantic (a) 3. essential (a) 4. essentials (c) 5. dimension (c) 6. intimate (a) 7. maintains (c) 8. defies (b) 9. intimated (d) 10. dimensions (a) 11. defy (a) 12. romantic (b) 13. dimensions (b) 14. maintain (d) 15. intimate (c) Task 3 1) prerequisite 2) date 3) Respect 4) important 5) whomever 6) candidates 7) highly 8) essential 9) suitable 10) sufficient Unit Five

研究生基础综合英语unit1-8课后习题汉翻英.

翻译 Unit 1 李明是学化学的，性格开朗幽默，颇有魅力，但英语成绩不佳，每次只能勉强及格。老师警告他，英语不好会阻碍他拿奖学金，并亮出了自己的王牌：如果李明不努力，就让他考试不过关。老师还告诉他，学习英语不能只为了文凭，否则他即使大学毕业，也还是个半文盲。李明虽然保持镇定，但他明白，他的学业生涯正在攸关之际，必须安心下来埋头学习，坚持不懈。 Li Ming was a chemistry major, a charmer noted for his easygoing and humorous temperament . However, his English was so poor that he always barely got by. The teacher admonished him that his poor English would be an impediment to scholarship. What’s more, she showed her trump card: if Li Ming did not work hard. She would flunk him. He was also to ld that he should not learn English merely for the sake of his diploma. otherwise, even after graduation from university, he would still be semiliterate. Although Li Ming did not lose his composure, he was well aware that he had to settle down to work and follow t hrough because his academic life was at stake. Unit2 我的朋友琳达接受过良好的教育，既美丽又端庄，三十好几依然没有人向她求婚。究其原因，她的事业心极强，整日扑在工作上，每天来往于住处和公司之间，根本没有时间和异性交往。一想到女儿这么大了还单身一人，她父母就焦虑不安。他们不知道该如何是好，甚至还去咨询一些社会学专家。但是事情在上个月出现了转机，公司的总部调琳达到培训部。在新的工作岗位上，琳达遇到了第一个触动她心弦的男人。从此，他们几乎每天约会，琳达意识到她会不顾一切地爱这个男人。决定嫁人的时候，她告诉了我这个好消息。虽然琳达的爱情让人想起电影中才会有的浪漫故事，我也担忧未来究竟会怎样，但我还是表达了我由衷的祝福，并爽快答应在婚礼那天做他们的伴娘和伴郎随从中的一员。 Linda, my good friend, has received good education and is both beautiful and elegant. She was not proposed to even when she was well over thirty. The reason is that she, as a career -oriented woman, is devoted to her work. Navigating between home and the company, she had hardly any time to socialize with people of the opposite sex. Her parents were gripped by anxiety at the thought of their daughter still remaining single at such an age. They did not know what to do and even consulted with some sociologists. But the situation began to change last month, when the headquarters of the company transferred Linda to the training department. On the new post, Linda met a man who tugged on her heartstrings for the first time. Ever since then, they dated virtually on a daily basis, and Linda realized that she would love the man beyond all reason. When she decided to take the matrimonial plunge, she informed me.Though Linda’s love is reminiscent of the romance that we see only in movies and I don’t know what the future will hold for her, I give her my heart-felt wishes and agree readily to be a member of the entourage of bridesmaids and groomsmen. Unit3食品供应商缺乏诚信已经成为当今社会的一大问题。部分企业欺骗公众，故意散布假消息，颂扬食品添加剂是食品工业的伟大成就，并声称适量的添加剂对健康有益无害。部分有良知的科学家对食品添加剂的含量和毒性展开了深入的病理学研究。研究结果表明，部分常见的食品添加剂经长期，可能会对健康产生危害，这被认为是食品安全研究方面极为重要

研究生学术综合英语1-6课课文及翻译

Presenting a speech （做演讲） Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through 在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言 language we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit 来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识， knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself. 传承文化。事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。[Contrary to popular belief], language | does not simply mirror reality but also helps to create our sense of reality [by giving meaning to events]. 和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。 ——语序的调整。 Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately. 好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。 Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately to a accountant. Never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning. If you are not sure, look up the word in the dictionary. As you prepare your speeches, ask yourself constantly, “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?”Choose words that are precise and accurate. 演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词意后再措词。如果不确定，请先查词典。当你在准备演讲的时候，要不断地问自己：“我到底要说什么？我到底想表达什么意思？”用词一定要精准。 Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. You can ensure this [by using familiar words （that are known to the average person and require no specialized background）; by choosing concrete words in preference to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter]. 用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的点）。要做到这一点，就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语；多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇；还有要减少口误。 Using language vividly helps bring your speech to life. One way (to make your speech vivid)|is through imagery，or the creation of word pictures. You can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. Simile is an explicit comparison between things （that are essentially different yet have something in common）; it always contains the words “like”or “as”. Metaphor is an implicit

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研究生基础综合英语unit1-8课后习题汉翻英.

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