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NUSANTARA A New Design of Knowledge Management System in Indonesia

NUSANTARA A New Design of Knowledge Management System in Indonesia
NUSANTARA A New Design of Knowledge Management System in Indonesia

2016 International Conference on Information Technology System and Innovation (ICITSI)

Bandung – Bali, November 24 – 27, 2016

ISBN: 978-1-5090-2449-0 NUSANTARA: A New Design of Knowledge Management System in Indonesia

Elin Cahyaningsih

Faculty of Computer Science

University of Indonesia Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia elin.cahyaningsih@ui.ac.id

Dana Indra Sensuse

Faculty of Computer Science

University of Indonesia

Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia

dana@cs.ui.ac.id

Wahyu Catur Wibowo

Faculty of Computer Science

University of Indonesia

Depok, West Java, 16424 Indonesia

wibowo@cs.ui.ac.id

Retnany Latifah

Faculty of Computer Science

University of Indonesia Depok, West Java, 16424 Indonesia https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8b3567578.html,tifah@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8b3567578.html,

Wina Permana Sari

Faculty of Computer Science

University of Indonesia Depok, West Java, 16424 Indonesia winapermana@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8b3567578.html,

Abstract—Government Human Capital Knowledge Management of Republic Indonesia (NUSANTARA) is a technology for support the government knowledge management. This technology also well known as knowledge management system which is manage the process of knowledge creation among organization. NUSANTARA was developed by identifying some features of activity in managing knowledge on the government knowledge management. Those features were identified from survey using a questionnaire in three government ministries that manage government human capital. Then the author does the analysis and design for the NUSANTARA. Quantitative method is used to analyze the survey result. Data analysis is used Pearson Correlation Analysis and the design are use the use case diagram, activity diagram and class diagram. Expert judgment is used to verified and validated the research result that is the KMS features. In this study some priority of KMS features was determined there are electronic discussion group, best practice database, email, work performance system and video conference. Those features are represented in NUSANTARA prototype as the current important requirement for the government human capital management stakeholder.

Keywords—knowledge management system; knowledge management; human capital; human capital management; Pearson correlation analysis; expert judgment;

I.I NTRODUCTION

Recently, Indonesian government attempts to improve government public service. This program powered by regulation and policy of bureaucratic reform that aims to encourage the professionalism of government ministries. Hence, based on regulation No. 5 Year 2014 the civil servant management in Indonesia has replaced into management based on the human capital process. The management process are based on individual competency and they performance. Those regulations make a major challenge and barrier in government management and no exception to some ministries that manage government human capital (KEMENPAN & RB, LAN, BKN). According to some previous observation in ministries that manage government human capital, some challenges that occur are their human resource, the organization itself, regulation and technologies that support the implementation of professionalism in government public service.

Meanwhile, since 2011 government institutions are encourage to implement KM, it’s align with ministry regulation of MENPAN & RB No. 14 Year 2011 about implementation of KM. KM believe can enhance organizational and individual awareness about sharing their knowledge. KM also can maintain the organizational knowledge become their competitive advantages and value to improve the services. Generally, KM is closely related into human participation. Therefore, every organization member as organizational intangible asset plays a role in creating KM in their organization.

Nowadays the civil servant terms are transformed to be the government human capital. Those people were regulated and managed by KEMENPAN & RB, BKN and LAN. Those ministries have their own duties to manage the government human capital, but they are connected regard to their task in giving their government services. Coordination and collaboration are both needed to achieve satisfactory service for all civil servants by those ministries. ICT can bridge the communication within those ministries through some technologies which called knowledge management system.

This research conducted to identify the technologies that suitable for supporting the knowledge management and developing the application design of knowledge management system. This application can be used to manage the knowledge of government human capital management among three ministries.

II.L ITERATURE R EVIEW

A.Knowledge Management (KM)

KM constitute an action to discover, capture, share and apply knowledge in order to increase organizational knowledge with effective cost to achieve organizational objectives[1]. According to [2] knowledge management (KM) is a series of activities to determine, choose, manage, transfer, and deploy information which used to define some alternative of problem solving, formulate the organizational strategic planning and establish the decision making. KM practice can impact on human resource management process with creating, storing, distributing and interpreting organizational knowledge [3]. KM in organization is related to tacit and explicit knowledge. Those knowledge are used to create new knowledge by acquired, represented, exchanged, maintained, integrated some process[4]. Based on some definition above the author can be conclude that KM is an exploration process of generate, capture, transfer, disseminate and implement knowledge from organizational knowledge resource for problem solving and decision making to achieve organizational objectives. Those processes are relies on the organization member and can be successful implemented with human participation process.

B.Knowledge Management System (KMS)

KMS intend to manage knowledge and user to use the knowledge to perform their organizational task [5]. While, according to [6][1] KMS well known as an IT-based system that used to support, develop and enhance organizational KM process. The process can be applied in some various IT tools and technologies[6]. KMS accommodate some tools and technologies for manage the organizational knowledge asset and KM process which align with organizational business process. This technology is able to integrate knowledge information in KM process[7]. Hence, [1] assume that KMS is a solution to achieve organizational KM process and it integrates in KM mechanisms and technologies which consist four type as follow:

a.Knowledge Discovery System: technologies that

support activities of creating innovative tacit and

explicit knowledge from data and information or

synthetic process of previous knowledge.

b.Knowledge Capture Systems: facilitate acquire

knowledge both tacit and explicit around people and

organizational entities. This system also can collect

knowledge from inside and outside organization.

c.Knowledge Sharing Systems: promote communication

activities of tacit and explicit knowledge by using

exchange and socialization process.

d.Knowledge Application Systems: contribute the utilize

process of individual knowledge into another individual

without directly retrieve or learn the knowledge.

KMS can be represent in various kinds of ICT based on each government KM process which held to manage their organizational knowledge. C.Human Capital and Human Capital Management

Human capital (HC) can be defines as a number of people talent that consist of skills, knowledge and experiences. While, [8] conclude that HC is organizational intangible asset and future market value [8]. HC can be obtains using informal and formal education. It embed in human and it have a high contribution to the organizational growth, that why HC is very important for organization [9]. Hence, [10][11] determine HC as organizational intangible asset or intellectual capital. It contains of individual knowledge, skills, ability, capability, attitude, experiences and creation. They can encourage organizational innovation improvement [10], [12], [13]. HC also describes people technical knowledge, experience, KM, organizational potential (passion and culture) and human resource activities (communication and competency)[14]. According to [15] HC expansion can be deliver by continuous learning, innovating and training to enhance organizational competitiveness value. Based some discussion above, HC can be describes as consolidation of people knowledge, skill, experience, ability and their potential which managed by the organization management to encourage the organizational innovation.

Human capital management (HCM) enforce individual commitment, engagement, retention, talent management, individual learning and development, organizational learning, ability, alteration, leadership, performance to reach out organizational competitive objectives[16]. According to [12] HCM management delivery some process such as planning, employee recruitment, placement, employee satisfaction, compensation, and retirement. Then, [17] conclude HCM as human resource management process ( recruitment, selection, training and development) and it also deliver information collaboration which aims to create human capital.

D.Knowledge Management System in Government

Several previous studies specify various kinds of KM technologies that appropriate for government and public sector. One of KMS implementation is developing KMS framework which is combine with tourism crisis management. It combines artificial intelligent using technology with identify knowledge resource, KM activities and KM efficiency[18]. In 2005, [19] identify the technologies that support for KM implementation. It determines some technologies to solve organizational problem based on information and knowledge. This KMS deliver a knowledge exchange within central and region organization based on KM process. While, [20] used the sense making to identify problem solving in organization. The design explores alternative of IT options for KMS and manage potential KMS. Otherwise, [1] analyze KMS by classify KM process in organization and then transform it into KM mechanism and technologies.Korean customer service represents the KM mechanism with KM system automatics through I-HRM relation. They used optimization innovation model to develop KMS [21].

E.Pearson Correlation Analysis

Pearson correlation usually used to measure the linear dependency within variables[22]. This coefficient also used to evaluate the level of two variables for forecast each other. The variable coefficient of the relation is legitimated if the value greater than -1 and smaller than 1 with significant value is 0.05 [22]–[24]. According to [24],[25] Pearson Correlation coefficient clarify each variables correlation, strength, relativity and direction. It also specify variables similarity in order to estimate an alternative and prediction accurately [26]. Generally, Pearson correlation used to determine association between variables. It also represents each variable rank of value that used to appraise the best alternative variable choice.

F.Expert Judgment

Expert judgment used to interpret information based on expert knowledge to reduce uncertainty in decision making when information resources are insufficient[27], [28]. This method also can determine the probability of decision making in policy model [29]. Expert judgment can validate some research result in case the expert were qualified when they are expert in the same research topic[30]. The expert judgment methods aims to explain empiric information outside the general theory, predict decision making and strategy, deliver the problem solving with limited information[27].

G.UML

Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a technique that used to describe some diagram for object oriented system. This model aims to provide design of object oriented diagram which flexible to used in analysis of system development project. Two type of diagram that used to describes the functionality of information system are use case diagram and class diagram. Class diagram illustrate structure, description and the relationship between classes in the model. While, the use case diagram represent the basic function of information system [31]. The stages of activity diagram process are:

1.Create textual analysis of use case.

2.Identification class, attribute, operation, relation.

3.Role play each use case

4.Establish class diagram

5.Coverage the class diagram

Use case diagram illustrates what activities are carried by each user system and how the system should take action to respond to users. The stages of use case diagram process are:

1.Describe the subject limit

2.Represent the use case diagram

3.Represent the actor in the diagram

4.Describe the association

III.M ETHODOLOGY

Research conducted into five phase, there are literature study, instrument construction, data collection using quantitative instrument, data analysis using quantitative method and design prototype. Literature study was held to acquire the theoretical basis of research based on some previous studies in knowledge management system development.

Next phase is developing the instrument of questionnaire. Indicator of research instruments were identified based on the result of literature review which is relevant to this research. Identification of these indicators is done by making a summary category of KM process, KM Systems, KM Sub Process, KM Mechanism, and KM Technologies that was adopted from Becerra [1]. According to some previous studies KM process are knowledge discovery (KD) [1], [32]–[34], knowledge capture (KC) [1], [35], [36], knowledge sharing (KS) [1][37]–[39] and knowledge application (KA) [1], [40]. All of the process are integrates into KM sub process, KM mechanism and KM technologies. KM sub process of each process are combination, socialization, externalization, socialization, externalization, exchange, directions and routines [1], [41]–[45]. The questionnaire instrument are arranges into 37 questions. Each question describes the criteria of KM process and sub process element such as: Knowledge Discovery (KD) (11 questions), Knowledge Capture (KC) (9 questions), Knowledge Sharing (KS) (8 questions), Knowledge Application (KA) (9 questions).

The indicator of the knowledge discovery (KD) are web based access to data (KD1), repository information (KD2), database (KD3), best practice database (KD4), lesson learn database (KD5), web portal (KD6), data mining (KD7), chat group (KD8), video conference (KD9), electronic discussion group (KD10), email (KD11). While, the indicator of knowledge capture (KC) are lesson learn system (KC1), lesson learn database (KC2), best practice database (KC3), best practice system (KC4), expert system (KC5), daily activity database (KC6), AI based knowledge acquisition (KC7), computer based simulation (KC8), computer based communication (KC9). Knowledge sharing indicators are electronic discussion (KS1), teleconference (KS2), email (KS3), video conference (KS4), web based access to data (KS5), expertise locator system (KS6), repository of information (KS7), team collaboration tools (KS8). The last indicators of knowledge application (KA) are web portal (KA1), case based reasoning (KA2), enterprise resource planning (KA3), help desk system (KA4), decision support system (KA5), expert system (KA6), work performance system (KA7), physical repository of information (KA8), management information system (KA9).

The reliability and validity test was conducted to measure the instrument. The test was done by distributed the questionnaire into 40 respondents and the result represent that all variables are valid and reliable. It can be evidence by the value of Cronbach’s Alpha are greater than 0.7. According to [23], [46], Cronbach’s Alpha value that is 0.7 – 0.9 have high reliability. Hence, the scale of the instrument answers are using the Likert Scale with Alphabetical (SS, S, N, TS, STS): (SS = Strongly Agree (5), S = Agree (4), N = Neutral(3), TS = Disagree(2), STS = Strongly Disagree(1)). Data collection was held in KEMENPAN & RB, BKN, LAN as human capital managers using the questionnaire. Total numbers of respondents are 253 persons. The distributions are 113

structural level, 127 non structural level and 13 were unknown.

Whereas, the data analysis activity are using the mixed methods analysis which combine the quantitative analysis using Pearson Correlation then the qualitative analysis using expert judgment. The data from questionnaire was analyze using Pearson correlation which perform using the statistical application SPSS. This analysis aims to determine features of KMS for government human capital management process. While, next stage of analysis is using the expert judgment method, it used to verify and validate the result. A number of expert that validate and verify the result are nine person which representatives of three government ministries. Those experts are people that experience and competence in government human capital management. The last phase is design the knowledge management system based on analysis result. The stage design is begin with creating the use case diagram, activity diagram, class diagram and then prototype design.

IV. R ESULT AND A NALYSIS

Pearson Correlation analysis result represent that 37 indicators of variable knowledge discovery (KD), knowledge capture (KC), knowledge sharing (KS), knowledge application (KA) are valid because it has value greater than -1 and smaller than 1. Those KMS features are valid and should be implemented in the KMS application. The author tried to simplify the implementation by priority based on the highest value. Those indicators are used to develop the knowledge management system. The highest value of Pearson correlation analysis result is show in table I bellow:

Table I. Highest Pearson Correlation Analysis Result Existing Future KD11 0.74 KD4 0.74 KC5 0.79 KC8 0.78 KS4 0.81 KS1 0.78

KA7 0.85 KA7 0.87

Table I describes the highest indicators from four variables of knowledge management process which represent KMS features. The highest rank of KMS features based on analysis

result are KA7 (work performance system – 0,87), KS4 (video

conference – 0,81), KC5 (expert system – 0,79), KS1

(electronic discussion group – 0,78), KC8 (computer based simulation – 0,78), KD4 (best practice database – 0,74), KD11 (email – 0,74). Those features rank were validated and verify by the expert. The expert judgment result are shown in Table 2.

Table II. Summary Table of Expert Judgment

Table 2 shows that from seven priority KMS features, there are five KMS features that should be immediately implemented due the organizational requirement. The features are work performance system, video conference, electronic discussion group, best practice database and email. Those requirement features used as reference to develop the KMS application.

KMS development design begins with creating the use case diagrams, class diagram and design interface align with the requirement features. The use case diagram will be represents in figure 1.

Figure 1. Use Case Diagram NUSANTARA

Figure 1 describes use case diagram of Nusantara which have five actors there are administrator, chief information

officer, expert, validator and visitor. This use case represent thirteen functions in the KMS such as manage article, manage document, find article and document, online discussion, view user log, manage user, expert profile update, view list

member, send message, validator profile update, article comment, document verification, document download and

view article. While, class diagram is show in figure 2 as follow.

Figure 2. Class Diagram Nusantara

KMS Expert

Judgment Work performance system 5 expert Video conference 6 expert

Expert system -

Electronic discussion group 9 expert Computer based simulation - Best practice database 7 expert

Email 6 expert

Figure 2 describes the description of each class and relation between classes. There are seven classes in the KMS design, there are visitor, document, admin, article, expert, validator and chief information officer. Figure 2 also determine attribute and module that exist in every class. Then, each class has their own relation into other classes which describes in the relationship cardinality. Design interface of the KMS are shown in figure 3 bellow.

Figure 3. NUSANTARA Interface

Figure 3 represent the web based application of NUSANTARA which consist of some KMS features which have been verified and validates by the experts. In the picture part a represent the work performance system. It captures every user activity on the KMS. Part b represents the video conference database which can be upload and download by the expert. Next part show the online group discussion features that every member can used it. Part d describes the best practice database that has been transform into explicit knowledge. The last part is email feature which can be used to send a message and other document attachment to another member.

Result shows that the prototype of Nusantara already fulfill the current important features that required in managing the government human capital management. This prototype can be used to elaborate the knowledge require in three government institution that assign to manage the government human capital management. Expert participation is needed to enhance utilization of the KMS effectively. User collaboration, coordination and communication is important to encourage the usability of the KMS.

V.C ONCLUSION

Government human capital knowledge management of Republic Indonesia (Nusantara) is a knowledge management system for managing the government human resource process. This application used to support the KM process using the information and communication technologies. Some features aims to facilitate each KM process among the stakeholders. Research determines there are 37 features of KM process that should be implemented into the KMS. The priority requirement features based on the research result determine work performance system, video conference, electronic discussion group, best practice database and email as the most important feature that should be implement immediately.

It can be concluded that recently the government human capital management stakeholder already implement KM and they need an ICT to support they duties. While, another features that already define in the research can be implemented gradually. These findings can be a recommendation of government institution to implement KMS in their institution and integrates it in all the government human capital management stakeholders. KEMENPAN & RB, LAN, BKN can do the collaboration work supporting by the KASN through the Nusantara platform.

Limitation of this study related to the government human capital management which is specific to human resource process and bureaucracy culture in Indonesian government institutions. Future research can be expand by using another method, platform, and enlarge the research object in government area.

A CKNOWLEDGMENT

The Authors thank to University of Indonesia and Indonesian Higher Education and Research Technology Ministry for facilitate research with research grant of PUPT Research 2016. We are grateful to State Ministry for State Apparatus Reform (KEMENPAN & RB), National Civil Service Agencies (BKN) and National Institute of Public Administration (LAN) for facilitate data research.

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北师大版七年级数学下册三角形难题全解

的度数;

三角形强化训练和深化 ? 1、如图a 是长方形纸带,∠DEF=25°,将纸带沿EF 折叠成图b ,再沿BF 折叠成图c ,则图c 中的∠CFE 的度数是_________°. 解析: 由题意可知折叠前,由BC//AD 得: ∠BFE=∠DEF=25°将纸带沿EF 折叠成图b 后, ∠GEF=∠DEF=25° 所以图b 中,∠DGF=∠GEF+∠BFE=25°+25°=50° 又在四边形CDGF 中,∠C=∠D=90° 则由:∠DGF+∠GFC=180° 所以:∠GFC=180°-50°=130° 将纸带再沿BF 第二次折叠成图C 后 ∠GFC 角度值保持不变 且此时:∠GFC =∠EFG+∠CFE 所以:∠CFE=∠GFC-∠EFG=130°-25°=105 2、在Rt △ABC 中,∠A =90°,CE 是角平分线,和高AD 相交于F ,作FG ∥BC 交AB 于G ,求证:AE =BG . 解法1: 【解析】证明:∵∠BAC=900 AD ⊥BC ∴∠1= ∠B ∵CE 是角平分线 ∴∠2=∠3 ∵∠5=∠1+∠2 ∠4=∠3+∠B ∴∠4=∠5 ∴AE =AF

过F作FM⊥AC并延长MF交BC于N ∴MN//AB ∵FG//BD ∴四边形GBDF为平行四边形 ∴GB=FN ∵AD⊥BC,CE为角平分线 ∴FD=FM 在Rt△AMF和RtNDF中 ∴△AMF≌△NDF ∴AF=FN ∴AE=BG 解法2: 解:作EH⊥BC于H,如图, ∵E是角平分线上的点,EH⊥BC,EA⊥CA, ∴EA=EH, ∵AD为△ABC的高,EC平分∠ACD, ∴∠ADC=90°,∠ACE=∠ECB, ∴∠B=∠DAC, ∵∠AEC=∠B+∠ECB, ∴∠AEC=∠DAC+∠ECA=∠AFE, ∴AE=AF, ∴EG=AF, ∵FG∥BC, ∴∠AGF=∠B, ∵在△AFG和△EHB中, ∠GAF=∠BEH ∠AGF=∠B AF=EH ,∴△AFG≌△EHB(AAS) ∴AG=EB, 即AE+EG=BG+GE, ∴AE=BG. 3、如图,等腰直角三角形ABC中,∠ACB=90°,AD为腰CB上的中线,CE⊥AD交AB 于E.求证∠CDA=∠EDB.

web of science中文使用手册

Web of Science 中文使用手冊

目次 Welcome to the Web of Science (2) ISI Web of Knowledge介紹 (3) Cross Search 跨資料庫檢索 (4) 簡易Cross Search (4) 詳細Cross Search (4) 檢索結果 (6) ISI Web of Knowledge檢索結果 (6) 勾選清單 (7) 全記錄—以WOS為例 (7) External Collections 檢索結果 (8) WOK平台個人化功能 (9) Register註冊個人帳號 (9) Web of Science首頁 (11) 進入ISI Web of Knowledge (11) 進入Web of Science首頁 (12) 選擇資料庫和時間 (12) Quick Search快速查詢 (12) General Search (13) 檢索結果 (16) Full Record全記錄 (18) 引用文獻(Cited Reference) (19) 被引用文獻(Time Cited) (20) 共同引用記錄(Related Record) (21) Citation Alert (21) 檢索技巧 (23) 被引用參考文獻查詢(Cited Reference Search) (27) 進階檢索(Advanced Search) (30) 結構式查詢(Structure Search) (30) 檢索歷史 (32) Combine Sets結合檢索策略 (32) Save History儲存檢索歷史 (33) Open Saved History開啟已儲存檢索歷史 (34) 管理在ISI Web of Knowledge Server上的檢索歷史 (37) Mark List勾選清單 (38) 附錄一 (40) Contacting Us 聯絡我們 (40) 1

【免费下载】中学教材全解 七年级数学上北师大版期末检测题含答案

图2图图 期末检测题 【本检测题满分:120分,时间:120分钟】 一、选择题(每小题3分,共30分) 1.(2013?湖南张家界中考)-2 013的绝对值是( ) A.-2 013 B.2 013 C. D.12013 12013 -2.已知两数在数轴上的位置如图所示,则化简代数式,a b 的结果是( ) 12a b a b +--++A.1 B. C. D.-1 23b +23a -3.某商店把一件商品按标价的九折出售(即优惠10%),仍可获利20%,若该商品的标价为每件28元,则该商品的进价为( ) A.21元 B.19.8元 C.22.4元 D.25.2元 4.(2013?湖南株洲中考)一元一次方程的解是( ) 24x =A. B. C. D.1x =2x =3x =4 x =5.如图,,则与之比为( )11,,34 AC AB BD AB AE CD ===CE AB A.1∶6 B.1:8 C.1:12 D.1:16 6.如果∠1与∠2互补,∠2与∠3互余,则∠1与∠3的关系是( ) A.∠1=∠3 B.∠1=180°-∠3 C.∠1=90°+∠3 D.以上都不对 7.如图是某班学生参加课外兴趣小组的人数占总人数比 例的统计图,则参加人数最多的课外兴趣小组是( ) A.棋类组 B.演唱组 C.书法组 D.美术组 8.某中学开展“阳光体育活动”,九年级一班全体同学分别参加了巴 山舞、乒乓球、篮球三个项目的活动,陈老师统计了该班参加这三项活动的人数,并绘制了如图所示的条形统计图和扇形统计图.根据这两个统计图,可以知道该班参加乒乓A B C D E 第5题图 习题到位。在管设备进行调整使度内来确保机组

人教版七年级下册数学教案 全册

新人教版七年级数学下册 全 册 教 案

第五章相交线与平行线 5.1.1相交线 教学目标:1.理解对顶角和邻补角的概念,能在图形中辨认. 2.掌握对顶角相等的性质和它的推证过程. 3.通过在图形中辨认对顶角和邻补角,培养学生的识图能力. 重点:在较复杂的图形中准确辨认对顶角和邻补角. 难点:在较复杂的图形中准确辨认对顶角和邻补角. 教学过程 一、创设情境,引入课题 先请同学观察本章的章前图,然后引导学生观察,并回答问题. 学生活动:口答哪些道路是交错的,哪些道路是平行的. 教师导入:图中的道路是有宽度的,是有限长的,而且也不是完全直的,当我们把它们看成直线时,这些直线有些是相交线,有些是平行线.相交线、平行线都有许多重要性质,并且在生产和生活中有广泛应用.所以研究这些问题对今后的工作和学习都是有用的,也将为后面的学习做些准备.我们先研究直线相交的问题,引入本节课题. 二、探究新知,讲授新课 1.对顶角和邻补角的概念 学生活动:观察上图,同桌讨论,教师统一学生观点并板书. 【板书】∠1与∠3是直线AB、CD相交得到的,它们有一个公共顶点O,没有公共边,像这样的两个角叫做对顶角. 学生活动:让学生找一找上图中还有没有对顶角,如果有,是哪两个角? 学生口答:∠2和∠4再也是对顶角. 紧扣对顶角定义强调以下两点: (1)辨认对顶角的要领:一看是不是两条直线相交所成的角,对顶角与相交线是唇齿相依,哪里有相交直线,哪里就有对顶角,反过来,哪里有对顶角,哪里就有相交线;二看是不是有公共顶点;三看是不是没有公共边.符合这三个条件时,才能确定这两个角是对顶角,只具备一个或两个条件都不行. (2)对顶角是成对存在的,它们互为对顶角,如∠1是∠3的对顶角,同时,∠3是∠1的对顶角,也常说∠1和∠3是对顶角. 2.对顶角的性质 提出问题:我们在图形中能准确地辨认对顶角,那么对顶角有什么性质呢? 学生活动:学生以小组为单位展开讨论,选代表发言,井口答为什么. 【板书】∵∠1与∠2互补,∠3与∠2互补(邻补角定义), ∴∠l=∠3(同角的补角相等). 注意:∠l与∠2互补不是给出的已知条件,而是分析图形得到的;所以括号内不填已知,而填邻补角定义.或写成:∵∠1=180°-∠2,∠3=180°-∠2(邻补角定义), ∴∠1=∠3(等量代换). 学生活动:例题比较简单,教师不做任何提示,让学生在练习本上独立完成解题过程,请一个学生板演。 解:∠3=∠1=40°(对顶角相等). ∠2=180°-40°=140°(邻补角定义).

新人教版七年级下册数学知识点整理

最新版人教版七年级数学下册知识点 第五章相交线与平行线 一、知识网络结构 相交线 相交线垂线 同位角、内错角、同旁内角 平行线:在同一平面内,不相交的两条直线叫平行线 定义 : __________ __________ ________ 平行线及其判定判定 1:同位角相等,两直线平行 判定 2 平行线的判定:内错角相等,两直线平行 相交线与平行线判定 3:同旁内角互补,两直线平行 判定 4:平行于同一条直线的两直线平行 平行线的性质性质 1:两直线平行,同位角 性质 2:两直线平行,内错角 性质 3:两直线平行,同旁内 性质 4:平行于同一条直线 相等 相等 角互补 的两直线平行命题、定理 平移 二、知识要点 1、在同一平面内,两条直线的位置关系有两种:相交和平行,垂直是相交的一种特殊情况。 2、在同一平面内,不相交的两条直线叫平行线。如果两条直线只有一个公共点,称这两条直线相交;如果两条直线没有公共点,称这两条直线平行。 3、两条直线相交所构成的四个角中,有公共顶点且有一条公共边的两个角是邻补角。邻补角的性质:邻补角互补。如图 1 所示,与互为邻补角,与互为邻补角。+=180°;+ =180° ; + =180°;+ =180°。321 4 4、两条直线相交所构成的四个角中,一个角的两边分别是另一个角的两边的图 1反 向延长线,这样的两个角互为对顶角。对顶角的性质:对顶角相等。如图1

所示,与互为对顶角。=; =。 5、两条直线相交所成的角中,如果有一个是直角或90° 时,称这两条直线互相垂直, 其中一条叫做另一条的垂线。如图 2 所示,当= 90°时,⊥b。 a 垂线的性质:2 1 3 4 性质 1:过一点有且只有一条直线与已知直线垂直。 图 2 性质 2:连接直线外一点与直线上各点的所有线段中,垂线段最短。 性质 3:如图 2 所示,当 a⊥ b 时,==== 90°。点到直线的距离:直线外一点到这条直线的垂线段的长度叫点到直线的c距离。 6、同位角、内错角、同旁内角基本特征:21 3 46 a 75 8 ①在两条直线 ( 被截线 ) 的同一方,都在第三条直线 ( 截线 ) 的同一侧,这样 b 同位角。图 3 中,共有图 3 的两个角叫对同位角:与是同位角; 与是同位角;与是同位角;与是同位角。 ②在两条直线 ( 被截线 )之间,并且在第三条直线 ( 截线 ) 的两侧,这样的两个角叫内错角。图 3中,共有对内错角:与是内错角;与是内错角。 ③在两条直线 ( 被截线 ) 的之间,都在第三条直线 ( 截线 ) 的同一旁,这样的两个角叫同旁内角。图 3中,共有对同旁内角:与是同旁内角;与是同旁内角。 7、平行公理:经过直线外一点有且只有一条直线与已知直线平行。 平行公理的推论:如果两条直线都与第三条直线平行,那么这两条直线也互相 平行。c 2 3 1 4 6 5 平行线的性质:a78性质 1:两直线平行,同位角相等。如图 4 所示,如果 a∥ b,图4 b 则 =; =; =; =。

(完整版)七年级下册数学知识结构图

第五章知识结构如下图所示: 第六章知识结构 第七章知识结构框图如下:

(二)开展好课题学习 可以如下展开课题学习: (1)背景了解多边形覆盖平面问题来自实际. (2)实验发现有些多边形能覆盖平面,有些则不能. (3)分析讨论多边形能覆盖平面的基本条件,发现问题与多边形的内角大小有密切关系,运用多边形内角和公式对实验结果进行分析. (4)运用进行简单的镶嵌设计. 首先引入用地砖铺地,用瓷砖贴墙等问题情境,并把这些实际问题转化为数学问题:用一些不重叠摆放的多边形把平面的一部分完全覆盖.然后让学生通过实验探究一些多边形能否镶嵌成平面图案,并记下实验结果:

(1)用正三角形、正方形或正六边形可以镶嵌成一个平面图案(图1).用正五边形不能镶嵌成一个平面图案. (2)用正三角形与正方形可以镶嵌成一个平面图案.用正三角形与正六边形也可以镶嵌成一个平面图案. (3)用任意三角形可以镶嵌成一个平面图案, 用任意四边形可以镶嵌成一个平面图案(图2).

观察上述实验结果,得出多边形能镶嵌成一个平面图案需要满足的两个条件: (1)拼接在同一个点(例如图2中的点O)的各个角的和恰好等于360°(周角); (2)相邻的多边形有公共边(例如图2中的OA两侧的多边形有公共边OA). 运用上述结论解释实验结果,例如,三角形的内角和等于180°,在图2中,∠1+∠2+∠3=180°.因此,把6个全等的三角形适当地拼接在同一个点(如图2), 一定能使以这点为顶点的6个角的和恰好等于360°,并且使边长相等的两条边贴在一起.于是, 用三角形能镶嵌成一个平面图案.又如,由多边形内角和公式,可以得到五边形的内角和等于 (5-2)×180°=540°. 因此,正五边形的每个内角等于 540°÷5=108°, 360°不是108°的整数倍,也就是说用一些108°的角拼不成360°的角.因此,用正五边形不能镶嵌成一个平面图案. 最后,让学生进行简单的镶嵌设计,使所学内容得到巩固与运用.1.利用二(三)元一次方程组解决问题的基本过程 2.本章知识安排的前后顺序

WebofKnowledge平台定题服务功能使用简介

Web of Knowledge平台服务功能使用简介 ISI Web of Knowledge为读者提供了个性化服务和定题服务功能。个性化定制指用户可以在Web of Konwledge主页上注册并设置自己密码,然后每次登录后即可浏览自己订制主页,包括:保存检索策略、建立并编辑自己经常阅读期刊列表;浏览保存检索策略、及时了解一个定题服务是否有效及过期时间。 电子邮件定题服务可让用户方便地跟踪最新研究信息。新定题服务功能允许用户通过web of science中任一种检索途径(普通检索、引文检索、化学结构检索)创建定题服务服务策略,将检索策略保存并转化为用电子邮件通知定题服务。 如图,在Web of Knowledge主页右侧提供了个性化定制服务和定题服务管理功能,下面就这几项功能一一说明如下: 图一:web of knowledge主页 一、注册 点击“Register”超链接,进入注册页面。如图二:分别按要求填入您电子邮件地址,您选择密码以及您姓名。您可以选择自动登录或者普通方式进入您个性化服务管理功能。自动登录可以免除您每次登录Web of Knowledge平台时输入电子邮件地址和密码。该功能使用是cookie技术。如果使用公共计算机,最好选择普通登录方式。 在完成以上操作之后,点击“Submit Registration”完成整个注册过程。

图二:用户注册页面 二、登录 作为注册用户,您可以实现以下功能: ?自动登录到Web of Knowledge平台。 ?选择一个自己常用开始页面,每次登录后则自动进入该页面。 ?将检索策略保存到ISI Web of Knowledge服务器。 ?创建用户关注期刊列表以及期刊目次定题服务。 登录时,在web of knowledge主页右侧输入您电子邮件地址和密码,点击“Sign in”则可进入您个人定制信息服务管理页面。 三、个人信息管理和选择开始页面 点击“My Preferences”超链接,可以编辑个人信息和选择开始页面。 编辑个人信息: 点击“Edit my Information”超链接可以更新您联系信息,如电子邮件地址、密码及姓名。如图三。

七年级数学下册全部知识点归纳

第一章:整式的运算 单项式 式 多项式 同底数幂的乘法 幂的乘方 积的乘方 同底数幂的除法 零指数幂 负指数幂 整式的加减 单项式与单项式相乘 单项式与多项式相乘 整式的乘法 多项式与多项式相乘 整式运算 平方差公式 完全平方公式 单项式除以单项式 整式的除法 多项式除以单项式 一、单项式 1、都是数字与字母的乘积的代数式叫做单项式。 2、单项式的数字因数叫做单项式的系数。 3、单项式中所有字母的指数和叫做单项式的次数。 4、单独一个数或一个字母也是单项式。 5、只含有字母因式的单项式的系数是1或―1。 6、单独的一个数字是单项式,它的系数是它本身。 7、单独的一个非零常数的次数是0。 8、单项式中只能含有乘法或乘方运算,而不能含有加、减等其他运算。 9、单项式的系数包括它前面的符号。 10、单项式的系数是带分数时,应化成假分数。 11、单项式的系数是1或―1时,通常省略数字“1”。 12、单项式的次数仅与字母有关,与单项式的系数无关。 二、多项式 1、几个单项式的和叫做多项式。 2、多项式中的每一个单项式叫做多项式的项。 3、多项式中不含字母的项叫做常数项。 4、一个多项式有几项,就叫做几项式。 5、多项式的每一项都包括项前面的符号。 6、多项式没有系数的概念,但有次数的概念。 7、多项式中次数最高的项的次数,叫做这个多项式的次数。 三、整式 1、单项式和多项式统称为整式。 2、单项式或多项式都是整式。 3、整式不一定是单项式。 4、整式不一定是多项式。

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天津新人教五四制数学七年级下册同步全解

第十四章实数 (2) 第一节平方根 (2) 第二节立方根 (6) 第三节实数 (8) 中考链接 (11) 单元检测 (12) 第十五章不等式与不等式组 (15) 第一节不等式 (15) 第二节实际问题与一元一次不等式 (17) 第三节一元一次不等式组 (19) 中考链接 (21) 单元检测 (23) 第十六章数据的分析 (26) 第一节数据的代表 (26) 第二节数据的波动 (29) 中考链接 (31) 单元检测 (33) 第十七章三角形 (37) 第一节与三角形有关的线段 (37) 第二节与三角形有关的角 (40) 第三节多边形及其内角和 (44) 中考链接 (47) 单元检测 (49) 第十八章全等三角形 (52) 第一节全等三角形 (52) 第二节三角形全等的条件 (55) 第三节角的平分线的性质 (59) 中考链接 (65) 单元检测 (68) 期中试卷 (72) 期末试卷 (75) 参考答案 (78)

第十四章实数 单元目标 1. 理解平方根、立方根的概念和性质; 2. 掌握算术平方根,算术平方根的非负性的应用. 3. 理解无理数和实数的概念以及有理数和无理数的区别; 4. 掌握实数和数轴上的点的关系,平面直角坐标系中的点和有序实数对之间的关系. 第一节平方根 要点精讲 1、算术平方根 一般地,如果一个正数x的平方等于a,即x2=a,那么这个正数x叫做a的算术平方根. a的算术平方根记为,读作“根号a”,a叫被开方数. 0的算术平方根是0. 2、用计算器求一个数的算术平方根 有的计算器上有“”键,就可以使用这个键直接求出一个数的算术平方根. 3、平方根 一般地,如果一个数的平方等于a,那么这个数叫做a的平方根(或二次方根),这就是说:如果x2=a,那么x叫做a的平方根. 4、开平方 求一个数a的平方根的运算,叫做开平方. 5、平方根的性质 正数有两个平方根,它们互为相反数; 0的平方根是0; 负数没有平方根. 6、平方根的表示 正数a的算术平方根用表示; 正数a的负的平方根用表示; 正数a的平方根用符号表示. 7、平方根重要性质: (1)a≥0时,;

新人教版七年级数学下册全册教案

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二、学生学情: 本班学生进行了一个学期的学习,虽然期末考试成绩可以,但是发现本班学生尖子生少,中等生较多,差生较多,上课很多学生不认真,学习态度学习习惯不是很好,本学期要切实采取措施培养学生良好的学习习惯。 三、教学要求:如下表: 四、教学措施: 1.本学期教学工作重点仍然是加强基础知识的教学和基本技能 的训练,在此基础上努力培养学生的分析问题和解决问题的能力。所以要抓好课前备课,这就要求我要认真研究教材,把握每节课的教学重点和难点,课堂上注重教学方法,努力让不同的学生都学到有用的数学。 2.依据课程标准、教材要求和学生实际,设计出突出重点,突破难点,解决关键的整体优化教学方法。教学方法的运用要切合学生的实际,要有利于培养学生的良好学习习惯,有利于调动不同层次的学生的学习积极性,有利于培养学生的自学能力、思维能力和解决问题的能力。采取多种教学方法,如多让学生动手操作,多设问,多启发,多观察等,增加学习主动性和学习兴趣,体现学生的主体性。教学过程中尽量采取多鼓励、多引导、少批评的教育方法。这样通过多种教学方法,充分调动学生的学习积极性,使学生形成主动学习的意识,教学中通过鼓励性的语言激励学生,使水同层次的学生都能得到鼓励,以此增强他们的学习信心。

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应用技巧一:如何了解您的论文被SCI收录的情况? 1.访问Web of Science数据库检索论文 请访问:https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8b3567578.html,,进入ISI Web of Knowledge平台;选择Web of Science数据库,(以下图示为WOK4.0版新界面)。 示例:如果我们希望检索“中国科技大学” “侯建国”院士在Science Citation Index (SCI)中收录文章的情况。 2.检索结果及输出 检索结果告诉我们找到了152篇“侯建国”院士的文章。(如果有重名的现象,请参考我们随后提供的有关作者甄别工具的应用技巧。)

我们可以选择先做Mark标记所有相关文章,再选择打印输出的方式,见下图: 下图是可打印的检索到的152篇侯建国院士所发表文章被SCI收录的记录。 结论:通过在Web of Science中用作者、及机构名称或地址的限制,检索到某一作者的文章,并做Mark标记后,选择打印输出,就可以了解您的论文被SCI收录的情况了。 应用技巧二:如何了解国际上都有哪些科学家在关注您的课题? 通过Web of Science的引文跟踪服务(Citation Alerts),您可以及时地跟踪您的一篇论文被新发表论文引用的情况,从而了解国际上都有哪些人在关注您的研究工作,他们为什么要引用您的论文,是否在您的课题基础上做了新的改进,是否对您的假说或理论提出了事实证据,是否指出了您研究工作的不足,他论文中的工作展望是否对您的下一步工作有借鉴意义,引文跟踪服务会直接将跟踪结果发到您的邮箱中。 1、注册个人帐号 为了让Web of Science知道您的邮箱地址,在做引文跟踪之前,首先要用您已有的e-mail邮箱在ISI Web of Knowledge中进行注册,注册方式如下:

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平行线的性质: 10、平移:在平面内,将一个图形沿某个方向移动一定的距离,图形的这种移动叫做平移变换,简称平移。 平移后,新图形与原图形的形状和大小完全相同。平移后得到的新图形中每一点,都是由原图形中的某一点移动后得到的,这样的两个点叫做对应点。平移性质:平移前后两个图形中①对应点的连线平行且相等;②对应线段相等; ③对应角相等。 实数 实数的分类 1、按定义分类: 2.按性质符号分类: 注:0既不是正数也不是负数. 【知识点二】实数的相关概念 1.相反数 (1)代数意义:只有符号不同的两个数,我们说其中一个是另一个的相反数.0的相反数是0. (2)几何意义:在数轴上原点的两侧,与原点距离相等的两个点表示的两个数互为相反数,或数轴上,互为相反数的两个数所对应的点关于原点对称. (3)互为相反数的两个数之和等于0.a、b互为相反数 a+b=0. 2.绝对值 |a|≥0. 3.倒数(1)0没有倒数 (2)乘积是1的两个数互为倒数.a、b互为倒数 . 4.平方根 (1)如果一个数的平方等于a,这个数就叫做a的平方根.一个正数有两个平方根,它们互为相反数;0有一个平方根,它是0本身;负数没有平方根.a(a≥0)的平方根记作. (2)一个正数a的正的平方根,叫做a的算术平方根.a(a≥0)的算术平方根记作. 5.立方根 如果x3=a,那么x叫做a的立方根.一个正数有一个正的立方根;一个负数有一个负的立方根;零的立方根是零. 【知识点三】实数与数轴 数轴定义:规定了原点,正方向和单位长度的直线叫做数轴,数轴的三要素缺一不可. 【知识点四】实数大小的比较 1.对于数轴上的任意两个点,靠右边的点所表示的数较大.

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