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Book 8_U3_语法

Book 8_U3_语法
Book 8_U3_语法

倒装句

在英语中,我们把主语在前谓语动词在后的句子叫陈述句,把谓语动词放在主语前面的句子叫倒装句。如果全部谓语放在主语之前,叫完全倒装;如果只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。

1. 完全倒装

①用于there be 句型。

例如:There are some students in the classroom.

教室里有几位学生。

There is a tall tree in front of the classroom.

教室的前面有一棵大树。

②用于“here (there, now, then)+不及物动词+主语”的句型中,或以in, out, up, down,

away等副词开头的句子里,以表示强调。

例如:Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。

There goes the bell. 铃响了。

Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。

Out went the children. 孩子们出去了。

注意:

(1) 主语是代词时,主语和谓语不倒装。

(2) here,there 放在句首通常用一般现在时。

Here it is. 给你。(你要的东西在这儿。)

Here he comes. 他来了。

③当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时,也常将其全部倒装。

例如:South of the city lies a big steel factory.

城市南边有一家大型钢厂。

From the valley came a frightening sound.

从山谷里传来了可怕的声音。

④表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”:

(1) 形容词+连系动词+主语

Present at the meeting were Mr. Li, Mr. Wang and many other teachers.

出席会议的有李老师、王老师和其他很多老师。

(2) 过去分词+连系动词+主语

Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.

我们使用洋油的日子一去不复返了。

(3) 介词短语+be +主语

Among the goods are books, exercise-books, pens and some other things.

在所有的货物中有书、练习册、钢笔和其他东西。

⑤用于so, neither, nor 开头的句子,表示重复前句的部分内容。原句的谓语应与前句

的谓语的时态、形式相一致。

例如:He has been to Canada. So have I.

他去过加拿大,我也去过。

You can’t speak French. Neither can she.

你不会说法语,她也不会。

⑥为了保持句子平衡,或为了强调表语或状语,或是上下文紧密衔接时。

例如:They arrived at a small village, in front of which was a big river.

他们来到一个小村庄,村庄前面是条大河。

Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens.

在金字塔里面有埋葬国王和王后的墓室。

2. 部分倒装

①用于疑问句。

例如:Do they work in the factory?

他们在这家工厂上班吗?

②用于省略的虚拟条件状语从句。

例如:Had I seen him yesterday, I wouldn’t go to his house now.

如果我昨天见到他了,我现在就不去他家了。

③用于“形容词(或名词、动词)+ as (though) ”引导的让步状语从句中。

例如:Young as he is, he knows a lot.

他虽然很年轻,但知道很多。

Try as he would, he might failed again.

他虽然可以试试,可能还会失败。

注意:如果从句的表语是名词,其名词前无形容词时,不用冠词;若有形容词要用冠词。

Child as he was, he had to make a living.

他虽是个孩子,但得糊口。

A bad-tempered man as Mr. Liu is, he loves us deeply.

刘老师脾气不好,但他深深地爱着我们。

④用于no sooner … than …, hardly… when …和not until …等句型。

例如:No sooner had I come in, the telephone rang.

我刚进屋,电话铃就响了。

Not until 12 did he go to sleep.

直到12 点他才入睡。

⑤用于never,hardly,seldom,scarcely,barely,little,at no time,not only等开头的

句子。

例如:Never shall I do this again. 我绝不会再做此事。

Seldom does he come late. 他很少迟到。

⑥用于“only+状语”开头的句子。

Only in the way can we learn English well.

只有这样我们才能学好英语。

Only then did he know he was wrong.

直到那时他才知道他错了。

⑦用于“so+形容词/副词”放在句首的so … that句子。

例如:So young is the boy that he can’t join the army.

这孩子没到参军的年龄。

So fast is he running that he can keep up with the bike.

他跑得快得能跟上自行车。

练习:

一、单项选择。

1. Now __________ your turn to recite the text.

A. there is

B. there comes

C. comes

D. has come

2. Only then ___________ how much damage had been caused.

A. she realized

B. she had realized

C. had she realized

D. did she realize

3. Nowhere else along the coast ___________ such shallow water so far from land.

A. is there

B. is it

C. there is

D. it is

4. Never ___________ a language so widely spread or spoken by so many people as English.

A. there has been

B. it has been

C. has there been

D. has it been

5. _________ had he got on the train _______ he realized he had left his bag in the car.

A. Hardly; when

B. Hardly; then

C. No sooner; when

D. No sooner; then

6. —It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?

— Yes. __________ yesterday.

A. So was it

B. So it was

C. So it is

D. So is it

7. __________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.

A. So curious the couple was

B. So curious were the couple

C. How curious the couple were

D. The couple was such curious

8. Not until the early years of the 19th century _________ what heat is.

A. man did know

B. man knew

C. didn’t man know

D. did man know

9. In no city of China little __________ about the economic development.

A. the government cares

B. does the government care

C. doesn’t the government care

D. the government doesn’t care

10. Autumn coming, down _____________.

A. do the leaves fall

B. the leaves will fall

C. fall the leaves

D. the leaves have fallen

11. _____can you expect to get a pay rise.

A. With hard work

B. Although work hard

C. Only with hard work

D. Now that he works hard

12. ____, mother will wait for him to have dinner together.

A. However late is he

B. However he is late

C. However is he late

D. However late he is

13. Not until all the fish died in the river, _____ how serious the pollution was.

A. did the villagers realize

B. the villagers realized

C. the villagers did realize

D. didn’t the villagers realize

14. Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted.

A. didn’t realize

B. did I realize

C. I didn’t realize

D. I realized

15. —Do you know Jim quarrel with his brother?

—I don’t know, _______.

A. nor don’t I care

B. nor do I care

C. I don’t care neither

D. I don’t care also

16. Only by practicing a few hours every day _____ be able to waste much time.

A. you can

B. can you

C. you will

D. will you

17. Not until the early years of the 19th century _____ what heat is.

A. man did know

B. man knew

C. didn’t man know

D. did man know

18. _____got into the room, _____ the telephone rang.

A. He hardly; then

B. Hardly had he; when

C. He had not; than

D. Not had he; when

19. ______ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a

picnic in the forest.

A. Not only they brought

B. Not only did they bring

C. Not only brought they

D. Not only they did bring

20. —I don’t think I can walk any further.

—_____, let’s stop here for a rest.

A. Neither can I

B. Neither do I

C. I didn’t think so

D. I think so

21. Only in this way ______ do it well.

A. must we

B. we could

C. can we

D. we can

22. Hardly ____ when it began to rain.

A. had he arrived

B. arrived he

C. he had arrived

D. did he arrive

23. Jack is a student and studies at the No. 2 Middle School. _____.

A. It was the same with Mike

B. So it is with Mike

C. So is Mike

D. So does Mike

24. ______, I would have given you his address.

A. If you asked me

B. You had asked me

C. Should you have asked me

D. Had you asked me

25. _____ that they had made an important discovery in science.

A. Little they realized

B. They had realized little

C. Little did they realize

D. Little had they realized

26. ______ that I couldn’t be absorbed in the work.

A. They made such talked

B. So loudly they talked

C. It was noise outside

D. Such a loud noise did they make

27. Many a time _____ me good advice.

A. he gave

B. does he give

C. he has given

D. has he given

28. ____ have I seen a better performance.

A. Everywhere

B. Nowhere else

C. Everywhere else

D. Nowhere

29. Not a single word ____ at the beginning.

A. did he say

B. has he said

C. he said

D. he has said

30. Only in an hour ago ____ out why he was absent.

A. did the teacher found

B. the teacher found

C. did the teacher find

D. had the teacher found

31. _____the plane.

A. Flew down

B. Down flew

C. Down was flying

D. Down fly

32. Hardly _____ when the bus suddenly pulled away.

A. they had got to the bus stop

B. they got to the bus stop

C. did they get to the bus stop

D. had they got to the bus stop

33. ______ I had time, I would have run round that lake again.

A. If

B. Unless

C. Had

D. When

34. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it.

A. had he made

B. he had made

C. did he make

D. he makes

35. ______ I would see you here.

A .Little I dreamed B. Little do I dream

C. I dreamed little

D. Little did I dream

36. There ____.

A. come they

B. they come

C. they are come

D. they will come

37. ______ that he could not speak for a long time.

A. So frightened was he

B. So frightened he was

C. Was he so frightened

D. Frightened was he

38. Only when class began ______ that he had left his book at home.

A. will he realize

B. he did realize

C. did he realize

D. should he realize

39. Only when you have finished your homework _____ go home.

A. can you

B. would you

C. you will

D. you can

40. Seldom ____ any mistakes during my past few years of working here.

A. would I make

B. did I make

C. I did make

D. shall I make

参考答案:

1-5 C D A C A 6-10 A B D B C

11-15 C D A B B 16-20 D D B B B

21-25 C A B D C 26-30 D D D A C

31-35 B D C C D 36-40 B A C A B

英语四级必看英语语法(全)

all the same 仍然,照样的as regards 关于,至于anything but 根本不as a matter of fact 实际上 apart from 除...外(有/无) as a rule 通常,照例 as a result(of) 因此,由于as far as ...be concerned 就...而言as far as 远至,到...程度as for 至于,关于 as follows 如下as if 好像,仿怫 as good as 和...几乎一样as usual 像平常一样,照例 as to 至于,关于all right 令人满意的;可以 as well 同样,也,还as well as 除...外(也),即...又

aside from 除...外(还有) at a loss 茫然,不知所措 at a time 一次,每次at all 丝毫(不),一点也不 at all costs 不惜一切代价at all events 不管怎样,无论如何at all times 随时,总是at any rate 无论如何,至少 at best 充其量,至多at first 最初,起先 at first sight 乍一看,初看起来at hand 在手边,在附近 at heart 内心里,本质上at home 在家,在国内 at intervals 不时,每隔... at large 大多数,未被捕获的 at least 至少at last 终于 at length 最终,终于at most 至多,不超过

at no time 从不,决不by accident 偶然 at one time 曾经,一度;同时at present 目前,现在 at sb’s disposal 任...处理at the cost of 以...为代价 at the mercy of 任凭...摆布at the moment 此刻,目前 at this rate 照此速度 at times 有时,间或back and forth 来回地,反复地 back of 在...后面before long 不久以后 beside point 离题的,不相干的beyond question 毫无疑问by air 通过航空途径by all means 尽一切办法,务必 by and by 不久,迟早by chance 偶然,碰巧

TOEFL语法讲解

1995年01月语法题 1. An underlying assumption of most market research is that people are continually _____ financial decisions based on their desire for goods that give them the most satisfaction. (A) making (B) and make (C) being made (D) having made 答案:A 测试点:谓语。 分析:that从句中有主语但谓语不全,选择(A)making与系词and组成进行时。 解题要点:continully和always等词常与进行时连用,表示“一贯如此”。 2. _____ tempera paint, the artist mixes dry pigments with water until the mixture resembles a stiff paste. (A) In preparation (B) The preparing of (C) To prepare (D) Prepared 答案:C 测试点:状语/不定式。 分析:逗号后为句子,逗号前为状语。动词不定式(C)作目的状语。 3. When two straight lines meet, _____ an angle. (A) it is formed (B) formed (C) they form (D) to form 答案:C 测试点:主谓结构。 分析:逗号前为when引导的从句,逗号后应是主句。主句主、谓语俱缺,应在答案 中选择主语+动词的形式,即(A)或(C)。(A)用了形式主语n,但空格后并无真正的主语部分。故选(C) 4. Madge Macklin promoted the expansion of medical training to include genetics _____ supported the founding of genetics departments in North American medical schools. (A) nor (B) and (C) while (D) if 答案:B 测试点:连词。 分析:空格前为主谓语完整的句子,空格后又出现一谓语动词,即全句有一个主语,两个谓语。这两个谓语动词之间应用and连接,故选(B)。(A)用于否定句;(C)后接句子或现在分词短语;(D)接从句。 5. _____ mammals have hair at some time in their lives, though in certain whales it is present only before birth. (A) Most (B) The most (C) Most of which (D) In most of the 答案:A 测试点:定语。

小黄书日语初级上语法汇总

基本句式: 1、判断句:~は~です。(だ) ~は~でした。(だった) ~は~ではありません。(ではない) ~は~ではありませんでした。(ではなかった)  ~は~ですか。 2、疑问句:~は~ですか。(一般疑问句)  ~は(疑问词)ですか。(特殊疑问句) 疑问词:何、誰(どなた)、どれ、どの~、どこ、どちら??? 3、存在句:~に~があります/います。 ~は~にあります/います。 ~はどこにあります/いますか=~はどこですか。(疑问句)4、叙述句:~に+動詞 ~から~まで+動詞 ~は~で~に(へ)行きます/帰ります ~は~から来ました ~は~で~を+動詞 ~は~に~をあげます ~は~に/から~をもらいます

动词: 一段动词、五段动词、サ变动词、カ变动词(连用形1、连用形2)连用形1:+ます/ません/ました/ませんでした +ませんか/ましょう +たい(たがる) +方 连用形2:+て +てから +てください +ている +てはいけない +てもいい +た +たことがある +たほうがいい +た後

未然形:+ないでください +なくてもいいです +ないほうがいいです +なければなりません(ないといけません)基本型:+ことができる/できません +ことです(形式体言) +ことがある +前に

形容词/形容动词/名词: 1、て形 2、~は/が~くなる(になる) ~を~くする(にする) 3、~(な/の)ほうがいいです 比较句型: 1、比较级:~は~より~です。 ~より~のほうが~です。 ~と~どちらが~ですか。 ~は~ほど~(否定)です。2、最高级:~(の中)で~が一番~です。 ~(の中)で~一番~は~です。

上汉语言语法课的感受

上汉语言语法课的感受集团文件发布号:(9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-

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