长难句分析2
平行并列句
平行并列句：指一个句子中会有两个成分并列。
英语句子最常用的方法是通过使用一些关联词，如and、or、but等，或标点符号如：分号，逗号，破折号等，若干个在语义上有联系或相互照应的单词、词组或句子连在一起组成一种并列或平行结构的长句，以表达一个复杂的多层次含义。
技巧：通过关联词（and，but等)从后向前找出并列的核心单词。将句子从并列连词处断开，将并列句
变成两个或若干个相对短的句子，然后再用处理简单句的方法——抓句子主干，来依次处理每个相对短的句子。
Everyone should know where the nearest fire alarm box is located and where exits, fire escapes, and fire doors are.
I wanted her to know that my heart was with her, and that I thought England owed her a great debt and was going to miss her
Everyone should know where the nearest fire alarm box is located and where exits, fire escapes, and fire doors are.
结构：本句有三个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为should know，其余两个都是由where引导的并列
宾语从句。
拆分：
1) Everyone should know
2) Where the nearest fire alarm box is located
3) Where exits, fire escapes, and fire doors are
翻译：
每个人都应该知道最近的火灾报警箱的位置，以及安全出口、安全梯及防火门位于何处。
I wanted her to know that my heart was with her, and that I thought England owed her a great debt
and was going to miss her
结构：本句有5个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为wanted。was和thought分别属于两个由that引导的并列宾语从句。而owed和was going为两个并列的谓语动词，共同主语为England。England这句话前面为了避免重复而省略了宾语从句的引导词that，实际上是thought的宾语从句。
拆分：
?I wanted her to know
?That my heart was with her
?That I thought
?(That) England owed her a great debt and was going to miss her.
翻译：我想让她知道我的心陪伴着她，而且我认为英国欠了她一大笔债，很快就会想念她。
The way space is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities is culturally influenced.
It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment
and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external and environmental.
Children in low-income families and poor communities are less likely to take organized youth
sports for granted because they often lack the resources needed to pay for participation fees, equipment, and transportation to practices and games and their communities do not have
resources to build and maintain sports fields and facilities .（08年12月四级)
The way space is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities is culturally influenced.
结构：本句中有两个谓语动词，主句谓语为is culturally influenced, 定语从句谓语为is used to.
主语the way 有一个很长的定语从句修饰，定语从句中有三个并列的不定式短语作动词“is used”
的目的状语即to achieve privacy，to build homes，和to design cities.
拆分：
?The way is culturally influenced.
?space is used
?to enable the individual to achieve privacy
?to build homes
?to design cities
翻译：怎样利用空间实现个人隐私，修建住宅及规划城市都受到文化上的影响。
It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external and environmental.
结构：本句话关键是通过and抓住并列的成分，句子的主干是It seems simple enough to distinguish …and to separate…，其中，理解的难点在separate后面的部分。Separate的宾语forces 后面被“acting on an organism”这个现在分词短语限定，into后面两个those告诉我们forces被分成哪些部分了。
拆分：
?It seems simple enough
?to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment
?and to separate forces (acting on an organism) into
?those that are internal and biological
?and those that are external and environmental.
翻译：区分有机体和周围环境似乎很简单;把作用于有机体的力量分为内部生物的力量和外部环境的力量似乎也很简单。
Children in low-income families and poor communities are less likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often lack the resources needed to pay for participation fees, equipment, and transportation to practices and games and their communities do not have resources to build and maintain sports fields and facilities . （08年12月四级)
结构：本句中有三个谓语动词，are less likely to do为主句谓语, lack和do not have 为并列原因状语从句的谓语,主语分为they 和their communities.
拆分：
1. Children （in low-income families and poor communities ）are less likely （to take organized youth
sports for granted）
take…for granted…把…认为是理所应当
2. because they often lack the resources (needed) (to pay for participation fees, equipment, and
transportation to practices and games)
3. and （because）their communities do not have resources (to build and maintain sports fields and
facilities ).
翻译：来自低收入家庭和贫穷社区的孩子就很少将社区运动视作理所应当，因为他们经常缺少必须的金钱来支付门票、设备和来回车费，而且他们的社区也没有能力来建设和维持运动场和运动设备。
插入语一般是对句子的某个成分的解释或补充说明，前后有逗号与其他句子成分分开，比较容易识别。 技巧：处理插入语的基本办法是先略去不读，直接跳过两个逗号之间的内容，使插入语结构前后意思顺畅。
Work, for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under, involves responsibility for a
household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well.
结构：句子的主语和谓语之间有一插入语，放在这里起强调作用，即强调只是对于中国和美国妇女来说，
而不是其他国家的妇女。而且对年龄作了限定。
翻译：对于55岁或以下的大多数美国和
中国妇女来说，要做的工作包括料理家务和照料一个或多个孩子，以及一份在家庭以外的工作。
Given ATMs’ small number in the country, China’s banks, major investors in ATM technologies, will continue purchasing ATMs.
But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that rises and tries to answer great
fundamental questions, demands the most active reading of which you are capable.
Given ATMs’ small number in the country, China’s banks, major investors in ATM technologies,
will continue purchasing ATMs.
结构：本句中只有一个谓语动词will continue，major investors in ATM technologies 为插入语，
解释说明china’s banks。Given 是过去分词做非谓语动词，含义为考虑到，由于。
翻译：由于全国自动提款机数量很少，所以自动提款机设备的主要投资者——中国的银行将会继续购买
自动提款机。
given:考虑到、由于;
Given their inexperience, they've done a good job.
考虑到他们缺乏经验，这工作他们做得已经不错了。
But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that rises and tries to answer great fundamental questions, demands the most active reading of which you are capable.
结构：共有3个谓语动词，其中demands是主句谓语动词。(rich in ideas and beauty)和(a book that…)是插入语。前者做a great book的后置定语，而后者是a great book的同位语，起补充说明的作用。that 引导定语从句修饰book，which引导定语从句修饰reading。
拆分：
1) A great book demands the most active reading.
2) You are capable of the reading
3) A book rises and tries to answer …questions..
翻译：但是一本富于思想和美感的伟大的书能够提出并试图回答一些伟大的根本问题。这样的书需要你
尽最大所能来积极阅读。
Sometimes attempts at emergency treatment turn out to be more dangerous than the bite itself,
with amateurs heroically, but mistakenly, trying do-it-yourself surgery and other unnecessary measures.
Silly or wise, terrible or delightful, the life in dream is a further helping of experience, an
additional joy after dark, another slice of life cut differently for which, it seems to me, we are never sufficiently grateful.
Sometimes attempts at emergency treatment turn out to be more dangerous than the bite itself, with amateurs heroically, but mistakenly, trying do-it-yourself surgery and other unnecessary measures.
结构：本句中只有一个谓语动词turn out，with 后带从句解释说明attempts at emergency treatment ，trying属于非谓语动词，主语为amateurs, heroically but mistakenly 为插入结构。 拆分：
Sometimes attempts（at emergency treatment）turn out to be more dangerous than the bite itself,
with amateurs (heroically, but mistakenly,）trying do-it-yourself surgery and other unnecessary measures.
翻译：
有时，紧急的治疗比咬伤本身更危险，如外行试图英勇却错误地进行自助手术及采取其他不必要的措施。
Silly or wise, terrible or delightful, the life in dream is a further helping of experience, an additional joy after dark, another slice of life cut differently for which, it seems to me, we are never sufficiently grateful.
结构：Silly or wise, terrible or delightful为平行结构，在句中作让步状语。另外，句子的表语也是平行结构，即a further helping of experience, an additional joy after dark, another slice of life。“it seems to me”为插入语，插入到for which引导的定语从句中。
翻译：不管愚蠢还是聪明，可怕还是愉悦，梦中的生活都是更深一层的另一份体验，是天黑以后才有的另一种欢乐，是生活的另一不同的侧面，对此我似乎觉得怎么感激也不为过。
主谓分离
主谓分离：主语和谓语分得很开，中间有一些限定主语的内容。
技巧：开头的名词一般是句子的主语，当确定句子的主语后，就往后找独立存在的谓语动词。
The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.
主干：
The employee is an obvious asset to the firm.
主语：the employee 员工
短语限定：（at the home office）(在国内办公的)
从句限定：who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine 能够通过电话或传真与国外客户很好交流
翻译：这位在国内办公但能通过电话或传真与国外客户很好交流的员工，对于公司而言，无疑是一笔财富。
as much attention to their hair as to their skin.
结构：本句中有两个谓语动词，indicates 为主句谓语，in sales of professional hair-care products
为限制短语，修饰主语the increase. 宾语从句的主语为consumers, 谓语为are paying
The increase (in sales of professional hair-care products) indicates that consumers are paying
as much attention to their hair as to their skin.
翻译：专业护发产品销量的增加表明消费者既重视护肤，也重视护发。
The game industry as part of the entertainment business is catching up fast with movies and
TVs in terms of both popularity and yearly profit．
结构: 本句中只有一个谓语动词is catching up with…, as part of the entertainment business 作为
限制短语，分离主语和谓语。in terms of在…方面；yearly profit年利润。
The game industry（as part of the entertainment business）is catching up fast with movies
and TVs（in terms of both popularity and yearly profit。）
翻译：作为娱乐业的组成部分，游戏产业在其普及性和年利润方面都迅速逼近电影和电视。
nearly a third of those who witnessed company’s inappropriate behavior did not report it, for
fear of being viewed as troublemakers, or for fear of pressure from co-workers.
结构：本句中有两个谓语动词，主句谓语did not report，定语从句谓语witness。For fear of …为并列的两个原因状语从句。
拆分：
nearly a third of those（who witnessed company’s inappropriate behavior）did not report it for fear of being viewed as troublemakers,
or for fear of pressure from co-workers.
翻译：
在那些发现公司有不正当行为的人中，接近三分之一没有去揭发，因为担心被视作制造麻烦者或者担心来自同事的压力。
Britain almost more than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem of building upwards, that is to say, of accommodating a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats.
结构：共有2个谓语动词，其中主句谓语动词为must face。主干为：Britain must face the problem。
almost more than any other country in the world作为Britain的后置定语。(that is to say)是插入语，意为“也就是说”。两个of介词短语都在修饰the problem。
Britain （almost more than any other country in the world ）must seriously face the problem
（of building upwards, that is to say, of accommodating a considerable proportion of its
population in high blocks of flats.）
翻译：英国几乎比世界上任何国家都更加需要严肃对待向高空建筑房屋的问题，也就是说，要在很高的公寓楼里面容纳下人口总数的一大部分的问题。
环环相扣句
环环相扣：限定成分中又有限定成分，一环扣着一环，使句子变得比较长
It is generally accepted that old people should have a share in the rewards for material and
cultural advancements to which they have made contributions.
But a surprising fact of life is that in countries where nearly everyone can afford life’s
necessities, increasing affluence matters surprisingly little.
Many economists believe that advertising helps increase competition, which leads to lower
prices, thus benefiting consumers and the economy as a whole.
It is generally accepted that old people should have a share in the rewards for material and
cultural advancements to which they have made contributions.
结构：本句中有三个谓语动词，主干为主语从句It is generallly accepted that……，should have 为
old people 的谓语，have made contributions 为定语从句的谓语。
拆分：
?It is generally accepted that
?old people should have a share in the rewards （for material and cultural advancements）?they have made contributions to material and cultural advancements
翻译：人们普遍认为，老年人对物质和文化的进步作出过贡献，应该分享其成果。
Many economists believe that advertising helps increase competition, which leads to lower
prices, thus benefiting consumers and the economy as a whole.
结构：本句中有三个谓语动词，主干为Many economists believe that…, helps 作为宾语从句的谓语，leads to 做非限制定语从句的谓语。benefiting 是非谓语动词，做结果状语。
拆分：
Many economists believe that
advertising helps increase competition
Competition leads to lower prices，
Lower prices thus benefit consumers and the economy (as a whole).
翻译：许多经济学家认为，广告有助于竞争，而竞争的加剧会降低商品价格，从而使消费者和经济在整体上受益。
But a surprising fact of life is that in countries where nearly everyone can afford life’s
necessities, increasing affluence matters surprisingly little.
结构：本句中有三个谓语动词，主句谓语is，can afford是定语从句谓语，matter为表语从句谓语。 拆分:
But a surprising fact of life is that
in countries （where nearly everyone can afford life’s necessities）
increasing affluence matters surprisingly little.
翻译：
人们惊讶地发现，在那些几乎所有人都衣食无忧的国家里，财富的增加所产生的效果微乎其微
In the study of any period of literature or of any epoch of history, the final and highest effort is always an attempt to gain a close view of the man in that period or epoch, for behind the creations of literature and the events of history there is always the individual who is after all of prime interest to us.
本句子的核心成分是：
The effort is an attempt.
但是这句话语言比较枯燥，给句子加上形容词和副词后，内容就会具体些。
The final and highest effort is always an attempt.
attempt是尝试做什么事情呢？不够具体，所以有一个不定式来补充说明attempt的内容，所以句子演变
成the final and highest effort is always an attempt to gain a close view，
但是view是观察，是对什么的观察呢，of引导的部分进一步补充说明view的内容，所以句子就成了 The final and highest effort is always an attempt to gain a close view of the man in that period or
epoch.
从主干的演变来看，信息主要针对名词而扩展。主干有了，在句子开头加上一个表示范围的状语，句子
就成了：
In the study of any period of literature or of any epoch of history, the final and highest effort is always
an attempt to gain a close view of the man in that period or epoch.
为了增加句子的说服力，在后面补上表示原因的状语。对于表示原因的状语，我们也可以从简单到难，
把for引导的句子作一个演变的分析：
There is always the individual.
There is always the individual who is after all of prime interest to us.
Behind the creations of literature and the events of history there is always the individual who is after all
of prime interest to us.
最后，把所有的成分合起来，长长的句子就诞生了：
In the study of any period of literature or of any epoch of history, the final and highest effort is always
an attempt to gain a close view of the man in that period or epoch, for behind the creations of literature and the events of history there is always the individual who is after all of prime interest to us.
雅思阅读长难句分析1
1. 【雅思长难句分析】1-5 雅思阅读长难句分析： 1 And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 2 Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of techno logy or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 3 How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and Appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 4 There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the Research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 5 Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s econom directly bound up with the efficiency of its
(完整word版)长难句分析1-15
长难句分析 1 and it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. 要点：句子的框架是and it is imagined … that…, and that …。这是典型的 句型it + is + p. p. （过去分词）+ that clause。it是形式主语，句子真正的主语是两个并列的that引导的主语从句，由连词and 连接。operation 此处不能译 成“操作”，根据上下文应译成“活动”，这里的processes 要译成“思维过程”，而不能简单地理解成“过程”。 译文：许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，认 为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。 2 whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 要点：句子的框架是whether …or… often depends on …。whether … or 引导了主语从句作句子的主语，financing 这里根据上下文要译成“经费投入”；介词结构of which is seen as the driving force 是宾语theissue 的后置定语，of 介词结构中又包含了which 引导的介词宾语从句。 译文：政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入还 是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量 3 how well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. 要点：句子的框架是how … depends on … and on … 。句子的主语由how 引导的主语从句担任；谓语动词词组depends on后面跟了两个由and连接的并列宾语，在第二个宾语中，介词with + which 引导的定语从句修饰先行词the skill and wisdom。 译文：这些预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智 4 there is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. 要点：句子的框架是there is no agreement whether … or … 。主句是there is no agreement, agreement后面紧跟了由whether引导的同位语从句作同位语；在同位语从句中，谓语动词短语refers to跟了两个由连词or连接的并列宾语：a. the concepts peculiar to historical work in general; b. the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry。在 第一个宾语中，形容词词组peculiar to historical work和介词词组in general 作后置定语修饰the concepts；在第二个宾语中同样有形容词词组 appropriate … to … of historical inquiry作后置定语修饰the research
高考英语阅读长难句分析教学内容
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英语长难句结构分析技巧及翻译方法
英语长难句结构分析技巧及翻译方法 集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]
英语长难句结构分析技巧及翻译方法；英语长句也就是复杂句，里面可能会有多个从句，从句；那么，有些同学可能会问，究竟该怎样来分析长难句呢；1、找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干结构；2、找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语；3、分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、；4、分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等；依照上面四个结构分析步骤， 英语长难句结构分析技巧及翻译方法英语长句也就是复杂句，里面可能会有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可可能为并列，包含与被包含、镶嵌等形式。因此分析长难句或者翻译长难句，首要解决的应该是弄清楚从句以及清楚从句之间的关系。英语经常出现的复合句包括：名词性从句，它又包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；形容词性从句，即定语从句；另外还有一种叫做状语从句。 那么，有些同学可能会问，究竟该怎样来分析长难句呢？有以下几点最为基础的步骤需要考生们记住： 1、找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干结构； 2、找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词； 3、分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等；以及词，短语和从句之间的关系； 4、分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。
依照上面四个结构分析步骤，我们对下面的句子进行了分解与解析，希望同学们能够在看完例子后，有进一步的理解。 例句：，whowascryingasifhisheartwouldbreakandsaid，whenI例句分析： 第一，拆分句子。 这个长句可以拆分为四段：①“InAfricaImetaboy”②“whowascryinga sifhisheartwouldb reak”、③“whenIspoketohim，thathewashungrybecau se”、④“hehadhadnofoodfortwodays”. 第二，句子的结构分析。 (1)主干结构是主语+过去式+宾语——“Imetaboy”； (2)“crying”后面是壮语从句“asifhisheartwouldbreak”； (3)“whenIspoketohim”是介于“said”和“thathewashungrybecaus e”之间的插入语。第三，难点部分的处理。 “cryingasifhisheartwouldbreak”应译为哭得伤心极了。 参考译文： 在非洲，我遇到一个小孩，他哭得伤心极了，我问他时，他说他饿了，两天没有吃饭了。以上是对于一般长难句的结构较为基础的解析方法。长难句的解析方法具体来讲可以分为分译法、顺序法、综合法、逆序法等。
专八翻译长难句结构分析最经典50句
专八翻译长难句结构分析最经典50句 50 1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. [参考译文] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造 出来。 2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. [参考译文] 因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何
高考英语阅读长难句分析100句
高考英语阅读长难句分析100句 1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from dise ases linked to smoking. 依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。 2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associa tions with homework. 最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。 3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet. 没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。 4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation. 人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。 5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation. 越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。 6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study. 说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。 7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a p erson's physical fitness. 许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。 8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history f rom the harmful effects of international tourism. 应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业 的不利影响。 9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questio ned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have bro ught many serious problems like crime and prostitution. 越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀 疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，像犯罪和卖淫。 10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowde d with a larg e number o f passengers.