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省略和并列平行结构

省略和并列平行结构
省略和并列平行结构

省略和并列平行结构

1. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn expect to the nearest cabin or settlement.

分析:在时间、地点、条件、让步、方式状语从句中,如果从句的主语与主句的主语相同(或为it),而从句的谓语又含有be(包括连系动词be和助动词be),则可以省略“主语+be”

译文:独自旅行的人,要是饿了、受伤了或是生病了,除了最近的小木屋或居民点,常常无处求援。

2. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown.

分析:这是一个由but连接的并列句。其中第二个分句的主语是一个主语从句。由于该主语从句的主谓宾与第一个分句相同,所以被全部省略。只剩下疑问副词how。

译文:任何东西,从宇宙射线到辐射,以至日常饮食,都可能激活潜伏的致癌基因,但如何激活的,仍然不得而知。

3. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of setting their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right.

分析:介词短语by seeing which side…前省略了setting their disputes。seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side与saying that that side which has killed most has won是介词by后的两个并列成分。

译文:打仗意味着残杀,文明的民族应该能够找到某种解决争端的方法,而不是通过看哪一方能消灭另一方更多的人,然后说杀人最多的一方获胜来解决争端。胜者不仅胜了,而且还因为胜利而有理。

4. A few weeks with one firm, a few days with another, then out of a job, then on again for a month perhaps and so on.

分析:这是省略句,省略了句子的主语和谓语。这样使句子的结构更加紧凑。在文学作品中常有这种句子。翻译时要用恰当的连接词,把句子的紧凑性翻译出来。

译文:给这家公司干几周,又给那家干几天,然后失业没活儿干,接着又找到工作干上个把月,就这样一会儿有工作,一会儿失业。

5. So, tips will no doubt net much less during the summer and the company will be less interesting.

分析:这是并列句。由and连接。第一句中的谓语动词是will net, net在这里做动词,意为“挣得、赢得”。第二句的谓语动词是will be,因为两个句子在结构上是平行的,所以省略了will,又因为省略的是助动词,因此汉语中不必译出。

译文:整个夏天挣的小费必将很少很少,而且还得和乏味的人在一起干活。

6. Each and every story preaches from the same gospel: tomorrow will be different from today, violently different perhaps.

分析:该句的最后一部分省略了主语和谓语,因为前一句的主语和谓语与它是相同的。若不省略就会显得很罗嗦,翻译时也要省略。

译文:每篇小说都宣扬着同一条信念:明天与今天不一样,也许会非常不一样。

7. By taking thought, men can move mountains——and have.

分析:该句的最后一部分用表示完成式的助动词have代替了前面提到的动词。

译文:凭借智慧,人能移山,实际上人类已经做到了。

8. You see, dear, I know that the stick-in- the- mud people are doing us a good turn and themselves a bad one by going back to secret trials and executions so soon, and I know that if you who are left stand together steadily and hit hard, you will see great things.

分析:这是并列复合句。主干结构是I know that…and I know that…。两个that 引起两个宾语从句。第一个宾语从句中省略了are doing themselves a bad turn。第二个宾语从句中有一个条件状语从句。

译文:你瞧,亲爱的,我知道那些陷入泥潭的家伙,如此迫不及待地重新使用起秘密审讯和秘密处决的手段,这实际上是在帮我们的忙,而害了他们自己;我还知道,如果你们留下来的人能够坚定地团结一致,给他们以狠狠的打击,你们就会取得伟大的成就。

9. When the media add interpretation and analysis, as they must to do their job fully, strong dislike of the messengers may become intense.

分析:as 引导的从句说明when从句的内容,可以说是从句的从句,翻译时最好放在主句之后,起补充说明作用。句中must 后省略了谓语add interpretation and analysis。

译文:媒体一旦增添了解释和分析,就会引起人们的强烈反感,然而,媒体又必须这样做才能充分发挥其作用。

10. To get a description of direction along the line, we shall call the line on one side of the origin positive, on the other side negative.

分析:“to get…”不定式短语表示目的。on the other side 前面省略了and we shall call the line,后面省略了of the origin。翻译时应把省略的部分补出来。

译文:为了描述这条直线的方向,我们把位于原点一侧的直线叫做正的,而把位于原点另一侧的直线叫做负的。

英语常用并列连词,如and, but, so, yet, for, nor, or, not only…but also, either…or或 neither…nor等连接两个或几个同等成分,这种结构称为并列结构。连接的同等成分可以是两个或几个动词的宾语、两个或几个名词的定语、两个或几个介词短语等。如果并列连词连接的是两个或几个简单句,则构成一个并列句,使用并列结构可以使文字简洁,结构紧凑,并避免重复。

1. But the individualist approach, by attacking gender roles, denying the significance of physiological difference, and condemning existing familial institutions as hopelessly patriarchal, has often simply treated as irrelevant the family roles important to many women.

分析:句中由by引导的三个并列平行结构表示原因。treated as…结构使用了倒装结构,因为the family roles后面有修饰成分,故将其置后。

译文:而个人主义的方法由于攻击性别角色,否定生理差别的重要性,攻击现存的家庭体制是不可救药的父权制,结果把对许多妇女来说非常重要的家庭角色完全视为无关紧要了。

2. There is no complete inventory of positions or people in federal service at this level. The lack may be explained by separate agency statutes and personnel systems, diffusion among so many special services, and the absence of any central point (short of President himself) with jurisdiction over all upper-level personnel of the government.

分析:介词by 后面的separate…personnel systems, diffusion…special services和the absence of…the government 为三个并列成分。表示缺少详细记载的原因。句中一些词要转译。

译文:这个级别的联邦政府官员和职位没有完整的记载。对此(缺少详细记载)所做的解释可能是,各部门的条例和人事制度各不相同,分布的特殊服务部门太多并缺少一个中心机构(总统本人除外)来管理所有的政府高级官员。

3. He refuses to consider sufficiently the wants of the customer, who must buy, not the thing he desires but the thing the English gentleman wants to sell.

分析:动词consider 后面的宾语是the wants of the customer。非限定性定语从句who must buy…修饰the customer,not the thing …but the thing…是并列成分。

译文:他们不肯充分考虑顾客的需要,顾客必须买的不是他们所希望买的东西,而是英国绅士想要卖的东西。

4. Green, hilly, with abundant trees, it was a beautiful country, the Virginia-Kentucky border territory——or would have been, except for the mines.

分析:和it was a beautiful country 并列的分句(it) would have been是虚拟语气,后面省略了a beautiful country。Green, hilly, with abundant trees修饰a beautiful country,放在主句前是为了强调。

译文:一片翠绿,丘陵起伏,林木茂盛,弗吉尼亚州和肯塔基州接界的地区是一片美丽的山野——要不是有煤矿的话,理应如此。

5. The lack of insistence on personal honor, the surface informality, the disparaging responses to compliments, and willingness to admit mistakes are part of the egalitarian tradition, as are the Americans’ pride in what they have been able to achieve and their criticism of things that fall short of perfection.

分析:该句的主句由四个并列的名词短语做主语,即The lack of insistence…,the surface informality, the disparaging

responses…和willingness to admit mistakes。另外,值得一提的是, as 引导的比较状语从句使用了倒装语序。这是为了保持句子平衡。

译文:美国人一方面对所取得的成就感到自豪,一方面又对未臻完美的事物进行批评,这是其平等主义传统的一部分;同样,他们不坚持个人的面子,不拘表面的礼节,对别人的称赞采取自贬的态度,以及愿意承认错误,也是其平等主义传统的一部分。

6. The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress.

分析:该句中,to aid in 后面跟了四个并列的动名词,而四个并列的动名词后又跟了三个并列的宾语。

译文:广泛用来借以对学生、雇员和军事人员进行选拔、分类、分配任务或提拔的教育或心理方面的标准化测试,最近受到了书报杂志,甚至国会的抨击。

7. That is why women remain children their whole life long: never seeing anything but what is quite close to them, clinging to the present moment, taking appearance for reality, and preferring trifles to matters of the first importance.

分析:该句中,四个现在分词短语构成并列结构,做状语。对前面的表语从句进行补充说明。

译文:那就是为什么妇女一生都不成熟:从来都只看见眼前的事情,都只抓住眼前的一刻,都把表面当本质,都倾心于琐事而放过至关重要的事。

8. But since the consequences of poverty are related to powerlessness, not to the absolute supply of money available to the poor, and since the amount of power purchasable with a given supply of money decreases as a society acquires a larger supply of goods and services, the solution of raising the incomes of the poor is likely, unless accompanied by other measures, to be ineffective in a wealthy society.

分析:该句有两个并列的由and 连接的原因状语从句,都是由since引导,available to the poor修饰money, purchasable with a given supply of money修饰the amount of power。主句中的从句unless accompanied by other measures分割了is likely和to be ineffective in a wealthy society。

译文:但是,既然贫穷与穷人可得到的货币绝对供应量无关,而是无权力所造成的,既然用一定量的货币所能购买的权力量随着一个社会获得的商品和服务量的增加而下降,那么提高穷人收入的解决办法在一个富裕社会很可能不会奏效,除非同时采取其他的措施。

9. It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it, of not being conscious of health until we are ill.

分析:old story是句子的表语,后面有两个介词短语做定语。它们在结构上是相同的,在连词until后面都有状语从句。翻译时也要译成两个平行的句子。

译文:人们老是这一套:直到失去我们所拥有的东西,才知道遗憾;直到我们生病后,才意识到健康的重要。

10. If you take into account the despairing who no longer even look for work; the unfulfilled who can only get

a few hours’s work a week but are desperate for more; the uninspired who stay in the tertiary studies because they can’t get a job; and the ashamed who won’t admit to joblessness, then Australia’s real unemployment rate is probably closer to 16%, or even higher.

分析:这是一个主从复合句。从句由if 引导,主句是then Australia’s…higher。该句之所以长,主要是长在从句上,take 后面有四个并列的宾语。它们都是在形容词前面加上定冠词the来表示一类人。

译文:如果算上连找工作都不再去想的绝望者,每周只能工作几个小时但又渴望多干点工作的不满足者,找不到工作而只好呆在高校读书的垂头丧气者和羞于承认自己失业的人,那么澳大利亚的实际失业率也许更接近16%,甚至更高些。

英语中省略现象

高中英语语法之省略 英语中省略现象较为普遍,对省略的考查已成为高考中的热点。句子成分的省略,可分为以下几种情况: 为了使话说得简明扼要,英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法 一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式 (am/is/are/was/were),可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。 1、when,while引导的时间状语从句 e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street. When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her. 2、if,unless,once引导的条件状语从句 e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment. I’ll not go to the party unless (I am) invited. Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished. 3、though,although,whether,no matter whether/what/how/who等引导的 让步状语从句 e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor. Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful. No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time. (注:从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时,只省略从句中的be动词形式) 4、as if,as though引导的方式状语从句 e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a long sleep. He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.(as if/though + to do表示一个将来的动作) 二、than,as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法:当不同的主语进行比较时, 一般省略从句中的谓语;当从句中的主语与谓语(be动词除外)和主句中的主语与谓语相同时,通常省略从句中的主语和谓语,只保留比较部分。 e.g. He is taller than his brother (is).

并列连词与并列结构

并列连词与并列结构 并列连词引导两个并列的句子。 1)and 与or 判断改错: (错) They sat down and talk about something. (错) They started to dance and sang. (错) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there. (对) They sat down and talked about something. (对) They started to dance and sing. (对)I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there. 解析:第一句:and 连接两个并列的谓语,所以talk 应改为talked。 第二句:and 连接两个并列的动词不定式,第二个不定式往往省略to,因此sang 应改为sing。 第三句:and 连接感观动词saw 后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构,因此whisper 应改为whispering。 注意:and 还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。(or也有此用法) Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance.= If you make up your mind, you'll get the chance. One more effort, and you'll succeed.= If you make one more effort, you'll succeed. 2)both …and两者都 She plays (both) the piano and the guitar. 3)not only…but (also), as well as不但…而且) She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar. 注意:not only… but also 关联两个分句时,一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。 Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. 4)neithe…nor 意思为"既不……也不……"谓语动词采用就近原则,与nor后的词保持一致。 Neither you nor he is to blame. neither…nor…一起用时,作为关联性的并列连词,连接语法功能相同的平行结构:Neither you nor he konws it. (连接用作主语的代词) The old man can neither read nor write. (连接动词) I drink neither coffee nor tea. (连接宾语) The story is neither interesting nor instructive. (连接用作表语的形容词) Gas is a substance with neither a definite volume nor a definite shape. (连接介词宾语) I believe neither what you said before nor what you are saying now. (连接宾语从句) 注意: (1)Neither置于句首时,neither…nor…所连接的分句均须主谓倒装: I don't like that girl. Neither have I dated her for a dance(约她跳舞) nor will I do so. Neither does he play the cello nor does his brother. (2)Neither…nor…连接主语时,后面的动词在数上应与靠近的主语取得一致: Neither Ike nor I am going to attend the meeting. (动词与靠近,故用am。) Neither Ike nor he is going to attend the meeting. (动词与he靠近,故用is。) (3)neither…nor…作“既不…也不…”解,故谓语动词必须用肯定式,不能用否定式

《中考英语》初中英语语法知识—并列连词的全集汇编及解析

一、选择题 1.I like fruit _________ I don't eat too much. A.and B.but C.because 2.Mike does his homework and __________ to play football after school every day. A.goes B.go C.to go D.went 3.I think English is difficult __________ interesting. I like it. A.but B.or C.so D.and 4.Don't run so fast, ____________you might fall over. A.or B.and C.unless 5.I don't want to buy the jeans because__________ the colour_________the size fits me. A.both,and B.neither,nor C.either,or D.not only,but also 6.It's raining hard outside, _______ we have to watch TV at home. A.so B.but C.because D.if 7.I like sports, I don't play them. A.because B.so C.and D.but 8.—Will you go to Nanjing by bus _____ by plane? —By plane. It is expensive ______ fast. A.or; but B.or; and C.and; but D.and; and 9.---I haven’t read your diary. ---You’re lying. , how do you know what I said about Amy? A.However B.Otherwise C.Moreover D.Instead 10.I like math______ I don't like P.E. A.and B.but C.because 11.The shop isn't open, she can’t buy her favourite chocolate. A.so B.or C.but 12.—Can you play soccer? —No, I can't.________I can play basketball. A.But B.Because C.So 13.—What happened just now? —A car hit an old man at the crossing. He was hurt, not too bad. A.and B.or C.so D.but 14.I have only two tickets, so _____ you _____ your sister can go with me tonight. A.both, and B.neither, nor C.either, or D.not only, but also 15.—What do you usually do in the evening? —Well,I either watch TV ________ play games with my brother. A.and B.but C.or

高中英语语法中的省略现象

在英语语言中,为了使语言简洁明了,重点突出或上下文紧密相连,可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子愿意不变,这种语言现象称之为省略。现就英语中的种种省略现象分析如下: 一、并列复合句中的省略 在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。如: a) The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy ) handed it to a policeman. 这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。 b) Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry .你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。 c) Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been)doing her homework. 汤姆肯定一直在打篮球,玛丽一直在写作业。 d) Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao (was born) in 1963.高秀敏出生于1959 年,傅彪出生于1963 年。 二、主从复合句中的省略 1.状语从句中的省略 一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中:由 when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once 等引导的时间状语从句;由whether ,if , unless 等引导的条件状语从句;由though , although ,even if ,whatever 等引导的让步状语从句;由as ,than 等引导的比较状语从句;由as, as if , as though 等引导的方式状语从句。

全国高考英语中的并列平行结构.

高考英语中的“并列平行结构”及应试策略 根据对最近十多年高考英语试题的分析和总结,平行结构在高考命题中占有重要的地位。下面对高考英语命题中的相关题型及应试策略做具体的列举和讲解。 一、平行结构:由并列连词连接两个或两个以上对等的语言成分构成。 二.并列连词及词组:连接多个平行的词、短语、分句或者从句。 常见的有:and/并且, as well as还有,同时 but但是, or 或,both…and两个都,neither…nor既不…也不…, either…or,或者…或者not only…but(also)不但…而且,not…but不是…而是等。 对连接词连接的成分要求:形式对称;功能相同(充当同样的句子成分)。 并列平行结构应该是名词和名词,副词和副词,分词和分词,不定式和不定式,动词和动词,句子和句子等的并列,而不能其中一个概念用分词结构表达,而另一个概念用不定式或从句来表达。 比如下面两个句子就违反了平行结构的准则: Do some nice things for your parents that they don't expect like cooking, doing the dishes, washing clothes, or clean the floors. "做饭"、"刷碗"、"洗衣服"、"拖地"在本句中应为并列结构作为介词like“像”的宾语,故应用相同的形式,都用动名词,所以应将clean改为cleaning。 三、平行结构主要类型 1. 名词和名词平行结构 The patient's symptoms were fever, dizziness, and headache. 病人的症状是发烧、头晕和头痛。 2. 形容词和形容词平行结构 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富有、聪明。 3.副词和副词平行结构 The work is handsomely and skillfully有技术地 done. 这项工作做得漂亮,有水平。 4. 分词平行结构(现在分词与现在分词 / 过去分词与过去分词 ) The boys were running, shouting and laughing.

新初中英语语法知识—并列连词的分类汇编及解析(2)

一、选择题 1.I like apples ________ bananas, but I don’t like pears. A.or B.and C.so D.for 2.I like math______ I don't like P.E. A.and B.but C.because 3.The supermarket is far away from here, ___________ you'd better take a taxi. A.because B.if C.so D.or 4.Mike does his homework and __________ to play football after school every day. A.goes B.go C.to go D.went 5.I think English is difficult __________ interesting. I like it. A.but B.or C.so D.and 6.Don't came in ____________ you are called. A.after B.until C.since 7.-- I bought Granny a present, ___ she didn't like it. A.but B.and C.or D.so 8.Everyone knows fire is very useful in our daily life, it is also dangerous. A.so B.or C.because D.but 9.I live far away from my school, ________ I have to get up early every day. A.and B.but C.so D.or 10.I don’t like running, I like swimming. A.and B.but C.with D.so 11.—Will you go to Nanjing by bus _____ by plane? —By plane. It is expensive ______ fast. A.or; but B.or; and C.and; but D.and; and 12.—Can you play soccer? —No, I can't.________I can play basketball. A.But B.Because C.So 13.—What happened just now? —A car hit an old man at the crossing. He was hurt, not too bad. A.and B.or C.so D.but 14.His dictionary his radio are on the desk. A.and B.but C.or D.of 15.Dogs are good pets, ________ I do not like it when they leave hair all over. A.or B.but C.and D.so 16.I like English _______it’s very interesting. A.or B.but C.so D.because 17.Taxi Apps(打车软件)can help us travel around more easily.___more and more people like using them.

2019考研英语掌握20种翻译技巧之并列平行结构_毙考题

2019考研英语掌握20种翻译技巧之并列平行结构 考研英语翻译有难度,10-15分拿到手不容易,要想做好翻译题,必须要掌握不同的翻译技巧,小编整理了20种,针对长句、句式、结构等,希望19考生能够打好基础,掌握好这些翻译方法技能。下面我们来学习并列平行结构译法,是常考察的句子结构译法: 2019考研英语掌握20种翻译技巧之并列平行结构 英语常用并列连词,如and, but, so, yet, for, nor, or, not only…but also, either…or或 neithe r…nor等连接两个或几个同等成分,这种结构称为并列结构。连接的同等成分可以是两个或几个动词的宾语、两个或几个名词的定语、两个或几个介词短语等。如果并列连词连接的是两个或几个简单句,则构成一个并列句,使用并列结构可以使文字简洁,结构紧凑,并避免重复。 1. But the individualist approach, by attacking gender roles, denying the significance of physiological difference, and condemning existing familial institutions as hopelessly patriarchal, has often simply treated as irrelevant the family roles important to many women. 分析:句中由by引导的三个并列平行结构表示原因。treated as…结构使用了倒装结构,因为the family roles后面有修饰成分,故将其置后。 译文:而个人主义的方法由于攻击性别角色,否定生理差别的重要性,攻击现存的家庭体制是不可救药的父权制,结果把对许多妇女来说非常重要的家庭角色完全视为无关紧要了。 2. There is no complete inventory of positions or people in federal service at this level. The lack may be explained by separate agency statutes and personnel systems, diffusion among so many special services, and the absence of any central point (short of President himself) with jurisdiction over all upper-level personnel of the government. 分析:介词by 后面的separate…personnel systems, diffusion…special services和the absence of…the gove rnment为三个并列成分。表示缺少详细记载的原因。句中一些词要转译。译文:这个级别的联邦政府官员和职位没有完整的记载。对此(缺少详细记载)所做的解释可能是,各部门的条例和人事制度各不相同,分布的特殊服务部门太多并缺少一个中心机构(总统本人除外)来管理所有的政府高级官员。 3. He refuses to consider sufficiently the wants of the customer, who must buy, not the thing he desires but the thing the English gentleman wants to sell.

并列连词与从属连词

并列连词和从属连词 连词是一种虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如:and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, both…and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, (and)then 等等。 1. 并列连词并列连词用来连接属于同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词;短语或句子。并列连词包括:基本并列连词如and, or , but , 关联连词如either...or , neither...nor , not only...but also ,both ...and, whether...or 等;介于并列连词与从属连词之间的连词;介于并列连词与从属连词或介词之间的结构如as well as , as much as, rather than , more than, no less than 等;此外还有些'半连接词',一些语法学家把它们称为连接副词,如nevertheless, however, meanwhile, otherwise, likewise 等,它们在句中做连接性状语。这类连词主要是从逻辑上,而不是从形式上连接句子,其关系比较松散。 1) 表示意义转折和对比的并列连词 常见的有:but , while, whereas, still, yet , nevertheless, likewise, anyway , only , conversely , on the contrary, by this time, all the same , fortunately, on the other hand , in the meantime 等词语。 2) 表示选择的并列连词 常见的有:or, whether...or, either...or, otherwise 等。例如: Either ...or 和whether...or 表示选择,其意义比单用or 要强,但由whetrher...or 构成的并列结构一般只能担任句子的从属成分。上例中最后一句,whether...or 结构在句中担任句子的从属成分。Either ...or 和or 一样,可以连接两个并列的独立分句,而whether...or 则不可以。or 用于表示否定的条件意义时,有时可与连用。 Or 连接主语时,如主语都是单数,动词则取单数形式;如主语都是复数,动词则取复数形式,如果主语有的是复数,动词则取复数形式,如果主语有的是单数,有的是复数,动词的数则与它靠近的主语的数相一致。 连接两个主语时,动词的数也应与靠近他的主语的数相一致。例如: Neither he nor I am a good student. 3) 表示因果意义的并列并列连词 常见的有:for ,so ,therfore ,hence ,thus, accordingly, consepuently, on that account, in that case 等。例如:The fuel must have beeenfinished, for the engine stopped. It rained , therefore the game was called off. 表示原因的并列连词只有for ,它所引导的分句只是对前一分句补充说明理由或推断原因。for 引导的分句只能置于句末,而且必须用逗号与前一分句隔开。上面所提到的so,therefore 等词,有的语法学家把它们做为连接性状语。 4) 表示联合关系的并列连词 常见的有:and, both...and, neither...nor, not only... but also 等。 当neither...nor, not only ...but also 连接主语时,动词的数则与靠近它的主语的数相一致。Both ...and 不能连接两个以上的并列成分,也不能连接分句。例如:误:Both Mary swept the floor and Nancy mopped it. 5) 其它并列连词 常见的有:as well as, more than, rather than, no less than 等. (1) as well as 表示'同' 和'也' 的意义 as well as 用作并列连词时它意义相当于not only...but also, 但侧重点在后一并列成分上而as well as 侧重点却在前一并列成分上,A as well as B=not only B but also A. (2) more than 表示而不是之意. 例如: (3) rather than 表示'而不是' 之意. (4) no less than 表示' 同... 一样' 之意. 当as well as ,more than, rather than, no less than 连接两个成分作主语时谓语动词应于第一个成分的数相一致. 在使用并列连词时我们应该注意:

2018考研英语语法长难句之并列结构(例句版)

2018考研英语语法长难句之并列结构 (例句版) 语法长难句,对于任何一个认真准备考研英语的考生而言,都不会是陌生的词。那么经常出现在考研英语中的长难句大概都有哪些结构呢?总的来说,考研英语中的语法长难句类型包含如下:隔离结构、并列结构、同位语从句、后置定语、状语从句、标语从句、插入语、比较结构、强调和倒装等。今天,就来带领大家来看一下那些在考研英语中出现的长难句结构---并列结构。 并列结构,顾名思义,并列结构就是将性质相同,内容相似,结构相似,无先后顺序,无因果关系的成分或者句子的并列的结构。因其成分为并列出现,故被称为并列结构。在英语句子中,经常出现“and,but,as well as,or,or else,both...and,neither...nor,either...or,not only...but(also),as...as”等,将两个性质对等或是结构对等的部分连接成并列结构。无论是在做阅读理解还是翻译模块时,平行结构的作用还是比较大的:考生可以根据出现的平行结构来推断出与其对等的部分,进而可以通过对已知部分的理解,来推断出对等部分的含义,最终达到理解整个句子的意义。 例如:And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. 在个句子中,句子的主干为:one leading authority says that+宾语从句;而在这个宾语从句“these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better.”,我么可以看到not only...but(also)..结构,很明显,宾语从句中包含着一个并列结构;而并列的两部分为harnessed 和brought under conscious control;“to help us sleep and feel better”是状语成分。那么这个句子在进行翻译时,就要考虑到这个平行结构的处理:而一名顶级权威认为,这些极其强烈的大脑活动不仅可以被抑制,实际上还可以受到意识的控制,进而帮助我们睡得更香,是我们感觉更好。 同时,在2015年的考研英语题目中,有一道题目是词义考查题目:24.The word “moola”(Para. 4) most probably means . [A]skills [B]energy [C]earnings [D]nutrition 定位到文中第四段的句子,我们就可以很轻松的选出答案:“The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.”。根据and前后的关系puts in hours of physical or mental labor和draws out life-sustaining moola,就可以推断出“几个小时的体力和脑力劳动的投入”就可以“获得维持生活的工资”。 通过长难句中的平行结构给各位考生展示了“对付”平行结构的方法,希望考生可以在之后的复习过程中,对于这类结构多加留意和用心,并能投入到长难句的复习当中。 其实看看凯程考研怎么样,最简单的一个办法,看看他们有没有成功的学生,最直观的办法是到凯程网站,上面有大量学员经验谈视频,这些都是凯程扎扎实实的辅导案例,其他机构网站几乎没有考上学生的视频,这就是凯程和其他机构的优势,凯程是扎实辅导、严格管理、规范教学取得如此优秀的成绩。 辨别凯程和其他机构谁靠谱的办法。 第一招:看经验谈视频,凯程网站有经验谈视频,其他机构没有。

2017考研英语:并列句中出现的省略现象

凯程考研集训营,为学生引路,为学员服务! 第 1 页 共 1 页 2017考研英语:并列句中出现的省略现 象 在2017考研英语的备考中,并列句中的省略现象不可小觑。所谓并列巨中的省略现象就是说英语表达中有一个不成文的原则,叫做避免重复原则。比如在并列句中,并列连词左右两边的部分,在内容上有重复的,一般后面的部分要省略掉重复的内容。但是在两边的内容结构一定是对称的和平衡的。下面各位考生随作者一起来学习下。 1.如果并列句的左右两个分句主语虽然不同,但是两个分句有相同的be 动词,那么可以省略连词和后一个分句的be 动词。 例句: Its scientists were the world's best , its workers the most skilled. →Its scientists were the world's best , (省略and)its workers (省略were) the most skilled. 它的科学家是世界上最好的,他的工人是世界上最熟练的。 It is said that in England death is pressing , in Canada inevitable and in California optional . →It is said that in England death is pressing ,(省略and) in Canada (省略death is )inevitable and in California (省略death is )optional . 据说,在英国死亡时迫在眉睫的,在加拿大死亡时不可避免的,而在加利福尼亚死亡则是可以选择的。

(完整word版)几种并列结构间标点的运用

几种并列结构间标点的运用 ·并列词语作主语、宾语时,并列词语结构不很复杂、字数也不多,一般用顿号;反之用逗号。 例1:人的整个躯体、灵魂,也是来自水中。 例2:这翻滚的麦浪,这清清的流水,这大雁的歌唱,使年轻人深深地陶醉了。 ·并列成分作谓语时,如果并列成分是主谓结构,那么并列成分之间用逗号;如果作并列谓语的几个动词共带相同的宾语,那么动词之间的停顿要用顿号。 例1:他头戴凤翅银盔,身穿鱼鳞细甲,手执滚金枪,腰悬竹节锏。 例2:上海丰康科技开发有限公司全体科研人员研制、推出了世界首创的丰康牌“神奇诱鼠剂”和“非粮灭鼠饵料”两项科研成果。 ·并列成分作定语,不论结构简单还是复杂,字数多还是少,一般都要用顿号表示停顿。 ·并列成分作状语,如果并列成分是单词或成语,它们之间用顿号;如果并列成分是介词结构与方位结构,它们之间用逗号。 例:他们在朦胧的夜色中,在大青树下,在纺车旁边,用传统的诗一般的语言倾吐着彼此的爱慕和理想。 ·集合词语间连接得很紧,中间不用顿号。 例:这次“严打”的成功,和广大公安干警的努力是分不开的,和公安干警家属的支持是分不开的。 ·三个以上词语并列,最后两个词语之间用“和”“与”“及”等连词,连词前不再用顿号。如果出现“以及”,“以及”前可用逗号。 例:我国科学、文化、艺术、卫生、教育和新闻出版业有了很大发展。 ·并列事物之后加上语气词“呀”“啊”等,就构成了句子的并列,中间不能用顿号。 例:乌鲁木齐的大街上到处摆着水果摊,甜瓜啊,西瓜啊,伊犁苹果啊,库尔勒香梨啊,走到哪儿都闻得见诱人的香味。 ·内部无停顿的并列成分之间,只有当这些并列成分充当宾语或宾语的同位成分,并且需要强调它们各自的独立性时,才可用分号。 例:本书把汉语规范文件分成以下几部分:汉字;标点符号和数字用法;普通话;汉语拼音;词汇。 ·在两个并列引号或两个并列书名号之间一般不加标点符号;两个并列结构的引号内如有“?”或“!”,中间也不加其他标点。 例:这时课堂里响起了“向孔繁森学习!”“向孔繁森致敬!”的口号。 ·冒号领起的并列成分间一般不用顿号。冒号表示的停顿比较长,有时甚至比句号还长。如果用顿号,则顿号和冒号表示的停顿在长短方面相差太远,显得不协调。特别是冒号领起的并列成分较长时。

省略句的类型和用法

高中英语语法:省略句的类型和用法 在英语语言中,为了使语言简洁明了,重点突出或上下文紧密相连,可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变,这种语言现象称之为省略。现就英语中的种种省略现象分析如下: 一、并列复合句中的省略 在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。如: a) The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy ) handed it to a policeman. 这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。 b) Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry .你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。 c) Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been)doing her homework. 汤姆肯定一直在打篮球,玛丽一直在写作业。 d) Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao (was born) in 1963.高秀敏出生于1959年,傅彪出生于1963年。 二、主从复合句中的省略 1.状语从句中的省略 一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中:1)由when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句;2)由whether ,if , unless 等引导的条件状语从句;3)由though , although ,even if ,whatever等引导的让步状语从句;4)由as ,than 等引导的比较状语 从句;5)由as, as if , as though 等引导的方式状语从句。上述状语从句在省略时应遵循下面原则: 1) 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be,这时从句中可出现如下结构:(1) 连词(as, as if , once)+ 名词; (2) 连词( though, whether , when)+形容词;(3) 连词(whether, as if ,while )+介词短语;(4) 连词(when , while , though )+ 现在分词; (5) 连词(when ,if ,even if ,unless ,once ,until, than , as ) + 过去分词; (6) 连词(as if ,as though ) + 不定式。如: a) Once (he was)a worker ,Pang Long now becomes a famous singer .庞龙曾经是个工人,现在变成一位著名的歌手。 b) Work hard when (you are) young ,or you'll regret.趁年轻要努力学习,要不然你会后悔的。 c) He looked everywhere as if (he was)in search of something .他到处看似乎在找什么东西。 d) While (he was) holding talks with President Hu Jintao ,US President George W. Bush thanked China for its important role in the Six-Party Talks.美国总统布什在与胡锦涛主席会谈时,感谢中国在六方会谈中起的重要作用。

省略句的分类

省略 定义:为避免重复,省略句子中的一个或几个成分,这种语法现象叫省略。一般说来,句子的省略都发生在句子的主要成分上,即发生在主语、谓语、宾语上。 1. 省略主语 (1)在祈使句中省略主语,如:(You) Come here. (2)在表达对某事物的看法时,有时也把主语省略,如: (It) Sounds like a good idea. (I) Have no idea. 2. 省略谓语或谓语的一部分 (1)在并列句中省略重复的部分,如: He repaired the computer and I (repaired) the loudspeaker. Mary learns French and John (learns) German. (2) 当并列句或从句中有助动词时,可以省略相同的动词,如:She might sing, but I don’t think she will (sing). (3) 在there be句型中省略there be,如: (Is there) Anything I can do for you? 3. 省略宾语 作为宾语的单词或从句有时都可以省略,如: He wrote down the new words and I wrote down (the new words), too. —Is our teacher in the office? —Sorry, I don’t know (whether he is or not ).

4. 主语和谓语一起省略 (You come) This way please. —What do you want to eat? —(I want) Some rice and vegetables. 5. 不定式符号to后面的动词可以省略 (1) 在回答话语中,如: —Would you like to come to the party? —I’d love to (come to the party). (2) 在状语从句中,如: You can go with us to the concert if you want to. (这里特别要注意动词可以省略,但是不定式符号to不可以省略。) (一)句中成分的省略 1. 主语的省略 Beg your pardon. (我)请你原谅。(Beg前省略了主语I) Come on! 得了吧(你)!(Come前省略了主语You) 2. 谓语的省略 John is a lawyer,his wife (is) a cleaner. Some of us study Japanese,others (study) English. 3. 表语的省略 She was a lover of sports as she had been in her youth..(had been后面省略了a lover of sports)4. 宾语的省略 Let’s do the cases. I’ll read and you’ll type.(read和type后面省略了宾语cases) 5. 定语的省略 I spent part of the money, and the rest I gave.(the rest后面省略了定语of the money) 6. 状语的省略 She wasn’t cry. Strange! (Strange前面省略了状语how) 7. 词的省略 1)名词、冠词、物主代词或介词如果与前文重复时,可以省略,如: I like red wine better than white (wine). The lightning flashed and (the) thunder crashed. Please take good care of these flowers and (these) plants. We lived in Beijing and (in) Shanghai for some time.

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