考研数学真题1989

1989年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

1. Modern man faces dangers completely unknown ________ his predecessors.

[A] for [B] to [C] of [D] by

2. The chances of seeing a helicopter in my hometown are one ________ a million.

[A] for [B] to [C] in [D] against

3. ________ we have all the materials ready, we should begin the new task at once.

[A] Since that [B] Since now [C] By now [D] Now that

4. We hope the measures to control prices, ________ taken by the government, will

succeed.

[A] when [B] as [C] since [D] after

5. The historical events of that period are arranged ________.

[A] in alphabetical order [B] in an alphabetical order

[C] in the alphabetical orders [D] in alphabetical orders

6. In some markets there may be only one seller. ________ is called a monopoly.

[A] Situation as this [B] Such kind of situation

[C] Such a situation [D] A situation of this

7. He is ________ to speak the truth.

[A] too much of a coward [B] too much a coward

[C] so much a coward [D] so much of a coward

8. He always gives ________ to his wife?s demands and does whatever she tells

him to.

[A] up [B] away [C] in [D] out

9. It?s ________ in the regulations that you can take 20 kilos of luggage with you.

[A] laid upon [B] laid out [C] laid up [D] laid down

10. Look at all the corruption that?s going on. It?s time the city was ________.

[A] cleaned out [B] cleaned down [C] cleaned away [D] cleaned up

11. Though he did not say so directly, the inspector ________ the man was guilty.

[A] declared [B] implied [C] disclosed [D] said

12. The Prime Minister refused to ________ on the rumour that he had planned to

resign.

[A] explain [B] comment [C] remark [D] talk

13. I asked the tailor to make a small ________ to my trousers because they were too

long.

[A] change [B] variation [C] revision [D] alteration

14. Magnificent views over the countryside have often ________ people to write

poems.

[A] excited [B] inspired [C] induced [D] attracted

15. The food was divided ________ according to the age and size of the children.

[A] equally [B] proportionately [C] sufficiently [D] adequately Section II Reading Comprehension

Text 1

A scientist once said: “I have concluded that the earth is being visited by intelligently controlled vehicles from outer space.”

If we take this as a reasonable explanation for UFOs (unidentified flying objects), questions immediately come up.

“Why don?t they get in touch with us, then? Why don?t they land right on the White House lawn and declare themselves?” people asked.

In reply, scientists say that, while this may be what we want, it may not necessarily be what they want.

“The most likely explanation, it seems to me,” said Dr. Mead, “is that they are simply watching what we are up to -- that responsible society outside our solar system is keeping an eye on us to see that we don?t set in motion a chain reaction that might have unexpected effects for outside our solar system.”

Opinions from other scientists might go like this: “Why should they want to get in touch with us? We may feel we?re more important than we really are! They may want to observe us only and not interfere with the development of our civilization. They may not care if we see them but they also may not care to say …hello?.”

Some scientists have also suggested that Earth is a kind of zoo or wildlife reserve. Just as we set aside wilderness areas and wildlife reserves to allow animals and growing things to develop naturally while we observe them, so perhaps Earth was set aside ages ago for the same purpose.

Are we being observed by intelligent beings from other civilizations in the universe? Are they watching our progress in space travel? Do we live in a gigantic

“zoo” observed by our “keepers,” but having no communication with them?

Never before in our history have we had to confront ideas like these. The simple fact is that we, who have always regarded ourselves as supreme in the universe, may not be so. Now we have to recognize that, among the stars in the heavens, there may very well be worlds inhabited by beings who are to us as we are to ants.

16. People who ask the question “Why don?t they get in touch with us... and declare

themselves?” think that ________.

[A] there are no such things as UFOs

[B] UFOs are visitors from solar system

[C] there?s no reason for UFOs sooner or later

[D] we are bound to see UFOs sooner or later

17. According to Dr. Mead, the attitude of beings from outer space toward us is one

of ________.

[A] unfriendliness

[B] suspicion

[C] superiority

[D] hostility

18. The tone of the writer is that of ________.

[A] doubt

[B] warning

[C] indifference

[D] criticism

Text 2

The use of the motor is becoming more and more widespread in the twentieth century; as an increasing number of countries develop both technically and economically, so a larger proportion of the world?s population is able to buy and use a car. Possessing a car gives a much greater degree of mobility, enabling the driver to move around freely. The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transport and is, therefore, not compelled to work locally. He can choose from different jobs and probably changes his work more frequently as he is not restricted to a choice within a small radius. Travelling to work by car is also more comfortable than having to use public transport; the driver can adjust the heating in winter and the air conditioning in the summer to suit his own needs and preference. There is no irritation caused by waiting for trains, buses or underground trains, standing in long patient queues, or sitting on windy platforms, for as long as half an hour sometimes. With the building of good, fast motorways long distances can be covered rapidly and pleasantly. For the first time in this century also, many people are now able to enjoy their leisure

time to the full by making trips to the country or seaside at the weekends, instead of being confined to their immediate neighbourhood. This feeling of independence, and the freedom to go where you please, is perhaps the greatest advantage of the car.

When considering the drawbacks, perhaps pollution is of prime importance. As more and more cars are produced and used, so the emission from their exhaust-pipes contains an ever larger volume of poisonous gas. Some of the contents of this gas, such as lead, not only pollute the atmosphere but cause actual harm to the health of people. Many of the minor illnesses of modern industrial society, headaches, tiredness, and stomach upsets are thought to arise from breathing polluted air; doctors? surgeries are full of people suffering from illnesses caused by pollution. It is also becoming increasingly difficult to deal with the problem of traffic in towns; most of the important cities of the world suffer from traffic congestion. In fact any advantage gained in comfort is often cancelled out in city driving by the frustration caused by traffic jams: endless queues of cars crawling one after another through all the main streets. As an increasing number of traffic regulation schemes are devised, the poor bewildered driver finds himself diverted and forced into one-way systems which cause even greater delays than the traffic jams they are supposed to prevent. The mounting cost of petrol and the increased license fees and road tax all add to the driver?s worries. In fact, he must sometimes wonder if the motor car is such a blessing and not just a menace.

19. More and more people can afford to buy and use cars because ________.

[A] an increasing number of cars are being produced

[B] the cost of cars is getting cheaper with the development of technology

[C] lots of countries have become more developed

[D] the use of cars has proved to be more economical

20. The advantages of having a car are best experienced in the driver?s ________.

[A] freedom in choosing his job

[B] comfort during the travels

[C] enjoyment of his leisure time

[D] feeling of self-reliance

21. What is considered by the writer as the greatest menace to the people caused by

the widespread use of motor cars?

[A] air pollution

[B] traffic jams

[C] fatal diseases

[D] high cost

Text 3

Manners nowadays in metropolitan cities like London are practically non-existent. It is nothing for a big, strong schoolboy to elbow an elderly woman aside in the dash for the last remaining seat on the tube or bus, much less stand up and offer his seat to her, as he ought. In fact, it is saddening to note that if a man does offer his seat to an older woman, it is nearly always a Continental man or one from the older generation.

This question of giving up seats in public transport is much argued about by young men, who say that, since women have claimed equality, they no longer deserve to be treated with courtesy and that those who go out to work should take their turn in the rat race like anyone else. Women have never claimed to be physically as strong as men. Even if it is not agreed, however, that young men should stand up for younger women, the fact remains that courtesy should be shown to the old, the sick and the burdened. Are we really so lost to all ideals of unselfishness that we can sit there indifferently reading the paper or a book, saying to ourselves “First come, first served,” while a grey-haired woman, a mother with a young child or a cripple stands? Yet this is all too often seen.

Conditions in travel are really very hard on everyone, we know, but hardship is surely no excuse. Sometimes one wonders what would have been the behaviour of these stout young men in a packed refugee train or a train on its way to a prison-camp during the War. Would they have considered it only right and their proper due to keep the best places for themselves then?

Older people, tired and irritable from a day?s work, are not angels, either -- far from it. Many a brisk argument or an insulting quarrel breaks out as the weary queues push and shove each other to get on buses and tubes. One cannot commend this, of course, but one does feel there is just a little more excuse.

If cities are to remain pleasant places to live in at all, however, it seems imperative, not only that communications in transport should be improved, but also that communication between human beings should be kept smooth and polite. All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite. Shop assistants won?t bother to assist, taxi drivers growl at each other as they dash dangerously round corners, bus conductor pull the bell before their desperate passengers have had time to get on or off the bus, and so on and so on. It seems to us that it is up to the young and strong to do their small part to stop such deterioration. 22. From what you have read, would you expect manners to improve among people

________?

[A] who are physically weak or crippled

[B] who once lived in a prison-camp during the War

[C] who live in big modern cities

[D] who live only in metropolitan cities

23. What is the writer?s opinion concerning courteous manners towards women?

[A] Now that women have claimed equality, they no longer need to be treated

differently from men.

[B] It is generally considered old-fashioned for young men to give up their seats

to young women.

[C] “Lady First” should be universally practiced.

[D] Special consideration ought to be shown them.

24. According to the author communication between human beings would be

smoother if ________.

[A] people were more considerate towards each other

[B] people were not so tired and irritable

[C] women were treated with more courtesy

[D] public transport could be improved

25. What is the possible meaning of the word “deterioration” in the last paragraph?

[A] worsening of general situation

[B] lowering of moral standards

[C] declining of physical constitution

[D] spreading of evil conduct

Section III Close Test

One day drought may be a thing of the past at least in coastal cities. Vast areas of desert throughout the world may for the first time 26and provide millions of hectares of land where now nothing grows.

By the end of this century this may not be mere 27. Scientists are already looking into the possibility of using some of the available ice in the Arctic and Antarctic. In these regions there are vast ice-caps formed by snow that has fallen over the past 50,000 years. Layer 28layer of deep snow means that, when melted, the snow water would be pure, not salty as sea-ice would be. There is so much 29pure water here that it would need only a fraction of it to turn much of the desert or poorly irrigated parts of the world into rich farmland. And what useful packages it would come in! It should be possible to cut off a bit of ice and transport it! Alternatively perhaps a passing iceberg could be 30. They are always breaking away from the main caps and floating around, pushed by currents, until they eventually melt and are wasted.

Many icebergs are, of course, far too small to be towed 31distance, and would melt before they reached a country that needed them anywhere. It would be necessary to locate one that was 32and that was big enough to provide a good supply of ice when it reached us. Engineers think that an iceberg up to seven miles long and one and a half miles wide could be transported if the tug pulling it was as big as a supertanker! Even then they would cover only twenty miles every day. However, 33the iceberg was at its destination, more that 7,000 million cubic metres of water could be taken from it! That would probably be more than enough for any medium-sized city even in the hottest summer! But no doubt a use could be found for it. 34, scientist say, there would not be too much wastage in such a journey. The larger the iceberg, the slower it melts, even if it is towed through the tropics. This is because when the sun has a bigger area to warm 35, less heat actually gets into the iceberg. The vast frozen centre would be unaffected.

26. [A] come to life [B] come into existence [C] come into activity[D] come round

27. [A] speculation [B] imagination [C] computation [D] expectation

28. [A] above [B] of [C] upon [D] over

29. [A] essential [B] potential [C] claimable [D] obtainable

30. [A] seized [B] snatched [C] grabbed [D] captured

31. [A] much [B] any [C] some [D] certain

32. [A] manageable [B] manipulative [C] operable [D] controllable

33. [A] after [B] while [C] since [D] once

34. [A] Apparently [B] Noticeably [C] Distinctly [D] Notably

35. [A] round [B] over [C] up [D] through Section VII English-Chinese Translation

Read the following passage carefully and then translate the sentences in heavy type into Chinese. (20 points)

When Jane Matheson started work at Advanced Electronics Inc. 12 years ago, (61) she laboured over a microscope, hand-welding tiny electronic computers and turned out 18 per hour. Now she tends the computerized machinery that turns out high capacity memory chips at the rate of 2,600 per hour. Production is up, profits are up, her income is up and Mrs. Matheson says the work is far less strain on her eyes.

But the most significant effect of the changes at AEI was felt by the workers who are no longer there. Before the new computerized equipment was introduced, there were 940 workers at the plant. Now there are 121. (62) A plant follow-up survey showed that one year after the layoffs only 38% of the released workers found new employment at the same or better wages. Nearly half finally settled for lower pay and more than 13% are still out of work. The AEI example is only one of hundreds around the country which forge intelligently ahead into the latest technology, but leave the majority of their workers behind.

(63) Its beginnings obscured by unemployment caused by the world economic slow-down, the new technological unemployment may emerge as the great socio-economic challenge of the end of the 20th century. One corporation economist says the growth of “machine job replacement” has been with us since the beginning of the industrial revolution, but never at the pace it is now. The human costs will be astonishing. (64) “It?s humiliating to be done out of your job by a machine and there is no way to fight back, but it is the effort to find a new job that really hurts.” Some workers, like Jane Matheson, are retrained to handle the new equipment, but often a whole new set of skills is required and that means a new, and invariably smaller set of workers. (65) The old workers, trapped by their limited skills, often never regain their old status and employment. Many drift into marginal areas. They feel no pride in their new work. They get badly paid for it and they feel miserable, but still they are luckier than those who never find it.

(66) The social costs go far beyond the welfare and unemployment payments made by the government. Unemployment increases the chances of divorce, child abuse, and alcoholism, a new federal survey shows. Some experts say the problem is only temporary... that new technology will eventually create as many jobs as it destroys. (67) But futurologist Hymen Seymour says the astonishing efficiency of the new technology means there will be a simple and direct net reduction in the amount of human labor that needs to be done. “We should treat this as an opportunity to give people more leisure. It may not be easy, but society will have to reach a new unanimity on the division and distribution of labor,” Seymour says. He predicts most people will work only six-hour days and four-day weeks by the end of the century. But the concern of the unemployed is for now. (68) Federally funded training and free back-to-school programs for laid-off workers are under way, but few experts believe they will be able to keep up with the pace of the new technology. For the next few years, for a substantial portion of the workforce, times are going to be very tough indeed.

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学一试题

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学一试题 一、选择题:1～8小题，每小题4分，共32分.下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合 题目要求的，请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸．．． 指定位置上. 1、若反常积分01(1)a b dx x x +∞ +?收敛，则 （A ）1a <且1b >. （B ）1a >且1b >. （C ）1a <且1a b +>. （D ）1a >且1a b +>. 2、已知函数2(1), 1,()ln ,1, x x f x x x -

2015年考研数学一真题与解析

2015年考研数学一真题 一、选择题 1—8小题．每小题4分，共32分． １．设函数()f x 在(,)-∞+∞上连续，其二阶导数()f x ''的图形如右图所示，则曲线()y f x =在(,)-∞+∞的拐点个数为 （A ）0 （B ）1 （C ）2 （D ）3 【详解】对于连续函数的曲线而言，拐点处的二阶导数等于零或者不存在．从图上可以看出有两个二阶导数等于零的点，以及一个二阶导数不存在的点0x =．但对于这三个点，左边的二阶导数等于零的点的两侧二阶导数都是正的，所以对应的点不是拐点．而另外两个点的两侧二阶导数是异号的，对应的点才是拐点，所以应该选（C ） 2．设211 23 ()x x y e x e = +-是二阶常系数非齐次线性微分方程x y ay by ce '''++=的一个特解，则 （A ）321,,a b c =-==- （B ）321,,a b c ===- （C ）321,,a b c =-== （D ）321,,a b c === 【详解】线性微分方程的特征方程为2 0r ar b ++=，由特解可知12r =一定是特征方程的一个实根．如果21r =不是特征方程的实根，则对应于()x f x ce =的特解的形式应该为()x Q x e ，其中()Q x 应该是一个零次多项式，即常数，与条件不符，所以21r =也是特征方程的另外一个实根，这样由韦达定理可得 213212(),a b =-+=-=?=，同时*x y xe =是原来方程的一个解，代入可得1c =-应该选（A ） ３．若级数 1 n n a ∞ =∑ 条件收敛，则3x x ==依次为级数 1 1() n n n na x ∞ =-∑的 （Ａ）收敛点，收敛点 （Ｂ）收敛点，发散点 (Ｃ）发散点，收敛点 （Ｄ）发散点，发散点 【详解】注意条件级数 1 n n a ∞ =∑条件收敛等价于幂级数 1 n n n a x ∞ =∑在1x =处条件收敛，也就是这个幂级数的 收敛为1，即11lim n n n a a +→∞=，所以11()n n n na x ∞ =-∑的收敛半径1 11lim ()n n n na R n a →∞+==+，绝对收敛域为02(,) ，显然3x x ==依次为收敛点、发散点，应该选（B ） ４．设D 是第一象限中由曲线2141,xy xy == 与直线,y x y ==所围成的平面区域，函数(,)f x y 在

2015年考研数学真题答案(数一-)

2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学一试题答案 一、选择题:1～8小题，每小题4分，共32分.下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合 题目要求的，请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸．．．指定位置上. 1、设函数()f x 在∞∞（-,+）连续，其2阶导函数()f x ''的图形如下图所示，则曲线()y f x =的拐点个数为（） （A ）0 （B ）1 （C ）2 （D ）3 【答案】(C) 【考点】拐点的定义 【难易度】★★ 【详解】拐点出现在二阶导数等于0，或二阶导数不存在的点上，并且在这点的左右两侧二阶导数异号，因此，由()f x ''的图形可知，曲线()y f x =存在两个拐点，故选(C). 2、设21123x x y e x e ?? =+- ?? ?是二阶常系数非齐次线性微分方程x y ay by ce "+'+=的一个特解，则（） （A ）3,1, 1.a b c =-=-=- （B ）3,2, 1.a b c ===- （C ）3,2, 1.a b c =-== （D ）3,2, 1.a b c === 【答案】(A) 【考点】常系数非齐次线性微分方程的解法 【难易度】★★ 【详解】 211,23 x x e e -为齐次方程的解，所以2、1为特征方程2+0a b λλ+=的根，从而()123,122,a b =-+=-=?=再将特解x y xe =代入方程32x y y y ce "-'+=得： 1.c =-

3、若级数 1 n n a ∞ =∑条件收敛，则x = 3x =依次为幂级数()1 1n n n na x ∞ =-∑的： （A ）收敛点，收敛点 （B ）收敛点，发散点 （C ）发散点，收敛点 （D ）发散点，发散点 【答案】(B) 【考点】级数的敛散性 【难易度】★★★ 【详解】因为 1 n n a ∞=∑条件收敛，故2x =为幂级数()1 1n n n a x ∞ =-∑的条件收敛点，进而得 ()11n n n a x ∞ =-∑的收敛半径为1，收敛区间为()0,2，又由于幂级数逐项求导不改变收敛区间，故 () 1 1n n n na x ∞ =-∑的收敛区间仍为()0,2，因而x = 3x =依次为幂级数()1 1n n n na x ∞ =-∑的收敛 点、发散点. 4、设D 是第一象限中曲线21,41xy xy ==与直线,y x y ==围成的平面区域，函数(,)f x y 在D 上连续，则 (,)D f x y dxdy =?? （A ） 12sin 21 4 2sin 2(cos ,sin )d f r r rdr π θπθθθθ?? （B ）24 (cos ,sin )d f r r rdr π πθθθ? （C ） 13sin 21 4 2sin 2(cos ,sin )d f r r dr πθπθ θθθ?? （D ）34 (cos ,sin )d f r r dr π πθθθ? 【答案】(D) 【考点】二重积分的极坐标变换 【难易度】★★★ 【详解】由y x =得，4 π θ= ；由y =得，3 π θ= 由21xy =得，2 2cos sin 1, r r θθ== 由41xy =得，2 4cos sin 1, r r θθ==

2016年考研数一真题及解析

2016考研数学（一）真题完整版 一、选择题：1～8小题，每小题4分，共32分，下列每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求的，请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸．．．指定位置上. （1）若反常积分 () 11b a dx x x +∞ +? 收敛，则（ ） ()()()()11111111 A a b B a b C a a b D a a b <>>><+>>+>且且且且 （2）已知函数()()21,1 ln ,1 x x f x x x -

2015考研数学真题(数一)

2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学一试题 一、选择题:1～8小题，每小题4分，共32分.下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合 题目要求的，请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸．．． 指定位置上. 1、设函数()f x 在∞∞（-,+）连续，其2阶导函数()f x ''的图形如下图所示，则曲线()y f x =的 拐点个数为（） （A ）0 （B ）1 （C ）2 （D ）3 2、设21123x x y e x e ?? =+- ?? ?是二阶常系数非齐次线性微分方程x y ay by ce "+'+=的一个特解，则（） （A ）3,1, 1.a b c =-=-=- （B ）3,2, 1.a b c ===- （C ）3,2, 1.a b c =-== （D ）3,2, 1.a b c === 3、若级数 1 n n a ∞=∑条件收敛，则x =3x =依次为幂级数()1 1n n n na x ∞ =-∑的： （A ）收敛点，收敛点 （B ）收敛点，发散点 （C ）发散点，收敛点 （D ）发散点，发散点 4、设D 是第一象限中曲线21,41xy xy ==与直线,y x y ==围成的平面区域，函数(,)f x y 在D 上连续，则 (,)D f x y dxdy =?? （A ） 1 2sin 21 4 2sin 2(cos ,sin )d f r r rdr π θπθθθθ?? （B ）24 (cos ,sin )d f r r rdr π πθθθ? （C ） 13sin 21 4 2sin 2(cos ,sin )d f r r dr πθπθ θθθ?? （D ）34 (cos ,sin )d f r r dr π πθθθ?

2016年考研数学三真题及解析

2016年考研数学（三）真题 一、填空题：1－6小题，每小题4分，共24分. 把答案填在题中横线上. （1）()11lim ______.n n n n -→∞ +?? = ??? （2）设函数()f x 在2x =的某邻域内可导,且()() e f x f x '=，()21f =，则()2____.f '''= （3）设函数()f u 可微,且()1 02 f '=,则()224z f x y =-在点(1,2)处的全微分() 1,2d _____.z = （4）设矩阵2112A ?? = ?-?? ，E 为2阶单位矩阵，矩阵B 满足2BA B E =+，则=B . （5）设随机变量X Y 与相互独立，且均服从区间[]0,3上的均匀分布，则{}{} max ,1P X Y ≤=_______. （6）设总体X 的概率密度为()()121,,,,2 x n f x e x X X X -= -∞<<+∞L 为总体X 的简单随机样本，其样本方差为2 S ，则2 ____.ES = 二、选择题：7－14小题，每小题4分，共32分. 每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内. （7）设函数()y f x =具有二阶导数，且()0,()0f x f x '''>>，x ?为自变量x 在点0x 处的增量，d y y ?与分别为()f x 在点0x 处对应的增量与微分，若0x ?>，则 (A) 0d y y <

历年考研数学线代真题1987-2016(最新最全)

历年考研数学线代真题1987-2016(最新最全)

历年考研数学一真题1987-2016 1987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学(一)试卷 一、填空题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分.把答案填在题中横线上) (5)已知三维向量空间的基底为123(1,1,0),(1,0,1),(0,1,1),===ααα则向量(2,0,0)=β在此基底下的坐标是_____________. 三、(本题满分7分) (2)设矩阵A 和B 满足关系式2,+AB =A B 其中301110,014?? ??=?????? A 求矩阵. B 五、选择题(本题共4小题,每小题3分,满分12分.每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个符合题目要求,把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内) (4)设A 为n 阶方阵，且A 的行列式||0,a =≠A 而*A 是A 的伴随矩阵，则*||A 等于 (A )a (B )1 a (C )1n a - (D )n a 九、（本题满分8分） 问,a b 为何值时,现线性方程组 123423423412340 221(3)2321 x x x x x x x x a x x b x x x ax +++=++=-+--=+++=- 有唯一解,无解,有无穷多解?并求出有无穷多解时的通解.

(4)设4阶矩阵234234[,,,],[,,,],==A αγγγB βγγγ其中234,,,,αβγγγ均为4维列向量,且已知行列式4,1,==A B 则行列式+A B = _______. 三、选择题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分.每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个符合题目要求,把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内) (5)n 维向量组12,,,(3)s s n ≤≤αααL 线性无关的充要条件是 (A )存在一组不全为零的数12,,,,s k k k L 使11220s s k k k +++≠αααL (B )12,,,s αααL 中任意两个向量均线性无关 (C )12,,,s αααL 中存在一个向量不能用其余向量线性表示 (D )12,,,s αααL 中存在一个向量都不能用其余向量线性表示 七、（本题满分6分） 已知,=AP BP 其中100100000,210,001211???? ????==-???? ????-???? B P 求5,.A A 八、（本题满分8分） 已知矩阵20000101x ????=??????A 与20000001y ?? ??=?? ??-??B 相似. (1)求x 与.y (2)求一个满足1-=P AP B 的可逆阵.P

2015年考研数学一真题及解析

考研数学真题及解析 与 x = 3 依次为幂级数∑ n a (x -1) 的 2015 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学（一）试题 一、选择题:1 8 小题,每小题 4 分,共 32 分.下列每题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项符合题目要求的,请将所选项前的字母填在答．题．纸． 指定位置上. (1) 设函数 f (x ) 在 (-∞, +∞) 内连续，其中二阶导数 f ''(x ) 的图形如图所示，则曲 线 y = f (x ) 的拐点的个数为 ( ) (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (2) 设 y = 1 e 2 x + (x - 1 )e x 是二阶常系数非齐次线性微分方程 2 3 y '' + ay ' + by = ce x 的一个特解，则 ( ) (A) a = -3, b = 2, c = -1 (B) a = 3, b = 2, c = -1 (C) a = -3, b = 2, c = 1 (D) a = 3, b = 2, c = 1 (3) 若级数 ∑ a n 条件收敛，则 x = n =1 ∞ n n n =1 ( ) (A) 收敛点，收敛点 (B) 收敛点，发散点 (C) 发散点，收敛点 (D) 发散点，发散点 (4) 设 D 是第一象限由曲线2xy = 1， 4xy = 1与直线 y = x ， y = 面区域，函数 f ( x , y ) 在 D 上连续，则 ?? f ( x , y ) dxdy = D 3x 围成的平 ( ) ∞ 3

?π ? ?π ?π ? ?π 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 (A) π 3 d θ 1 sin 2θ 1 f (r cos θ , r sin θ )rdr 4 2 s in 2θ (B) π 3 d θ ? sin 2θ 1 f (r cos θ , r sin θ )rdr 4 2 s in 2θ (C) π 3 d θ 1 sin 2θ 1 f (r cos θ , r sin θ )dr 4 2 s in 2θ (D) π 3 d θ ? sin 2θ 1 f (r cos θ , r sin θ )dr 4 2 s in 2θ ?1 1 1 ? ?1 ? (5) 设矩阵 A = 1 2 a ? ， b = d ? ，若集合Ω= {1, 2}，则线性方程组 ? ? 1 4 a 2 ? d 2 ? ? ? ? ? Ax = b 有无穷多解的充分必要条件为 ( ) (A) a ?Ω, d ?Ω (B) a ?Ω, d ∈Ω (C) a ∈Ω, d ?Ω (D) a ∈Ω, d ∈Ω (6) 设二次型 f ( x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ) 在正交变换为 x = Py 下的标准形为2 y 2 + y 2 - y 2 ， 其中 P = (e 1 , e 2 , e 3 ) 下的标准形为 ( ) ，若Q = (e 1 , -e 3 , e 2 ) ，则 f ( x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ) 在正交变换 x = Qy (A) 2 y 2 - y 2 + y 2 (B) 2 y 2 + y 2 - y 2 (C) 2 y 2 - y 2 - y 2 (D) 2 y 2 + y 2 + y 2 (7) 若 A,B 为任意两个随机事件，则 ( ) (A) (C) P ( A B ) ≤ P ( A ) P ( B ) P ( A B ) ≤ P ( A ) P ( B ) 2 (B) (D) P ( A B ) ≥ P ( A ) P ( B ) P ( A B ) ≥ P ( A ) P ( B ) 2

2000年-2016年考研数学一历年真题完整版(Word版)

2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试 数学(一)试卷 一、填空题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分.把答案填在题中横线上) (1) ? =_____________. (2)曲面2222321x y z ++=在点(1,2,2)--的法线方程为_____________. (3)微分方程30xy y '''+=的通解为_____________. (4)已知方程组12312 112323120x a x a x ????????????+=????????????-?????? 无解,则a = _____________. (5)设两个相互独立的事件A 和B 都不发生的概率为1 9 ,A 发生B 不发生的概率与B 发生A 不发生的概率相等,则()P A =_____________. 二、选择题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分.每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个符合题目要求,把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内) (1)设()f x 、()g x 是恒大于零的可导函数,且()()()()0f x g x f x g x ''-<,则当a x b <<时,有 (A)()()()()f x g b f b g x > (B)()()()()f x g a f a g x > (C)()()()()f x g x f b g b > (D)()()()()f x g x f a g a > (2)设22221:(0),S x y z a z S ++=≥为S 在第一卦限中的部分,则有 (A)1 4S S xdS xdS =???? (B)1 4S S ydS xdS =???? (C) 1 4S S zdS xdS =???? (D) 1 4S S xyzdS xyzdS =???? (3)设级数 1 n n u ∞ =∑收敛,则必收敛的级数为 (A)1 (1)n n n u n ∞ =-∑ (B) 2 1 n n u ∞ =∑ (C) 21 21 ()n n n u u ∞ -=-∑ (D) 11 ()n n n u u ∞ +=+∑ (4)设n 维列向量组1,,()m m n <αα 线性无关,则n 维列向量组1,,m ββ 线性无关的充分必要条件为 (A)向量组1,,m αα 可由向量组1,,m ββ 线性表示

2015年考研数学一真题及答案解析

2015年考研数学一真题及答案解析

2 2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学（一）试题 一、选择题：1:8小题，每小题4分，共32分。下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题目要求的，请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸．．．指定位置上。 (1)设函数()f x 在(),-∞+∞内连续，其中二阶导数 () ''f x 的图形如图所示，则曲线()=y f x 的拐点的个 数为 ( ) (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 【答案】（C ） 【解析】拐点出现在二阶导数等于0，或二阶导数不存在的点，并且在这点的左右两侧二阶导函数异号。因此，由()f x ''的图形可得，曲线()y f x =存在两个拐点.故选（C ）.

3 (2)设211()23 =+-x x y e x e 是二阶常系数非齐次线性微 分方程 '''++=x y ay by ce 的一个特解，则 ( ) (A) 3,2,1 =-==-a b c (B) 3,2,1===-a b c (C) 3,2,1=-==a b c (D) 3,2,1 ===a b c 【答案】（A ） 【分析】此题考查二阶常系数非齐次线性微分方程的反问题——已知解来确定微分方程的系数，此类题有两种解法，一种是将特解代入原方程，然后比较等式两边的系数可得待估系数值，另一种是根据二阶线性微分方程解的性质和结构来求解，也就是下面演示的解法. 【解析】由题意可知，212x e 、13 x e -为二阶常系数齐次微分方程0y ay by '''++=的解，所以2,1为特征方程 20 r ar b ++=的根，从而(12)3a =-+=-，122b =?=，从而原方 程变为32x y y y ce '''-+=，再将特解x y xe =代入得1c =-.故选

2016年考研数学一答案

2016年考研数学一答案 【篇一：2016考研数学数学一试题(完整版)】 ass=txt>一、选择题：1~8小题，每小题4分，共32分.下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的. （1）若反常积分 01dx收敛，则 xa(1x)b （a）a1且b1.（b）a1且b1. （c）a1且ab1.（d）a1且ab1. 2(x1),x1,（2）已知函数f(x)则f(x)的一个原函数是 x1,lnx, (x1)2,x1.(x1)2,x1.（a）f(x)（b）f(x) x(lnx1),x1.x(lnx1)1,x1. (x1)2,(x1)2,x1.x1.（c）f(x)（d）f(x) x(lnx1)1,x1.x(lnx1)1,x1. （3 ）若y(1x2)2 y(1x2)2是微分方程yp(x)yq(x) 的两个解，则q(x) （a）3x(1x2).（b）3x(1x2). （c）xx. （d）. 1x21x2 x,（4）已知函数f(x)1,nx0,则 11x,n1,2,,n1n （a）x0是f(x)的第一类间断点. （b）x0是f(x)的第二类间断点.

（c）f(x)在x0处连续但不可导. （d）f(x)在x0处可导. （5）设a，b是可逆矩阵，且a与b相似，则下列结论错误的是 （a）at与bt相似（b）a1与b1相似 （c）aat与bbt相似（d）aa1与bb1相似 22（6）设二次型f(x1,x2,x3)x12x2则 fx(x,1x,x34x1x24x1x34x2x3，2)32在 空间直角坐标下表示的二次曲面为 （a）单叶双曲面（b）双叶双曲面 （c）椭球面（d）柱面 （7）设随机变量x~n(,2)(0)，记pp{x2}，则 （a）p随着的增加而增加（b）p随着的增加而增加 （c）p随着的增加而减少（d）p随着的增加而减少 （8）随机试验e有三种两两不相容的结果a1，a2，a3，且三种结果发生的概率1均为。将试验e独立重复做2次，x表示2次试验中结果a1发生的次数，y表3 示2次试验中结果a2发生的次数，则x与y的相关系数为 （a）（b）（c）（d） 二、填空题：9~14小题，每小题4分，共24分. （9）limx0x0tln(1tsint)dt1cosx2_______. （10）向量场a(x,y,z)(xyz)ixyjzk的旋度rota_______. （11）设函数f(u,v)可微，zz(x,y)由方程(x1)zy2x2f(xz,y)确定，则dz|(0,1)______. （12）设函数f(x)arctanxx，且f(0)1，则a______. 21ax

2015考研数学一真题及答案解析

2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学（一）试题解析 一、选择题:1:8小题,每小题4分,共32分.下列每题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项符合题目要求的,请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸．．． 指定位置上. (1)设函数()f x 在(),-∞+∞内连续，其中二阶导数()''f x 的图形如图所示，则曲线 ()=y f x 的拐点的个数为 ( ) (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 【答案】（C ） 【解析】拐点出现在二阶导数等于0，或二阶导数不存在的点，并且在这点的左右两侧二阶导函数异号.因此，由()f x ''的图形可得，曲线()y f x =存在两个拐点.故选（C ）. (2)设211 ()23 = +-x x y e x e 是二阶常系数非齐次线性微分方程'''++=x y ay by ce 的一个特解，则( ) (A) 3,2,1=-==-a b c (B) 3,2,1===-a b c (C) 3,2,1=-==a b c (D) 3,2,1===a b c 【答案】（A ） 【分析】此题考查二阶常系数非齐次线性微分方程的反问题——已知解来确定微分方程的系数，此类题有两种解法，一种是将特解代入原方程，然后比较等式两边的系数可得待估系数值，另一种是根据二阶线性微分方程解的性质和结构来求解，也就是下面演示的解法. 【解析】由题意可知，212x e 、13 x e -为二阶常系数齐次微分方程0y ay by '''++=的解， 所以2,1为特征方程2 0r ar b ++=的根，从而(12)3a =-+=-，122b =?=，从而原方 程变为32x y y y ce '''-+=，再将特解x y xe =代入得1c =-.故选（A ） (3) 若级数 1 ∞ =∑n n a 条件收敛，则 3= x 与3=x 依次为幂级数1 (1)∞ =-∑n n n na x 的 ( ) (A) 收敛点，收敛点 (B) 收敛点，发散点

2016年考研数学三试题解析超详细版

2016年考研数学（三）真题 一、填空题（本题共6小题，每小题4分，满分24分. 把答案填在题中横线上） (1) 若5)(cos sin lim 0=--→b x a e x x x ，则a =______，b =______. (2) 设函数f (u , v )由关系式f [xg (y ) , y ] = x + g (y )确定，其中函数g (y )可微，且g (y ) ≠ 0，则2f u v ?= ??. (3) 设?? ???≥ -<≤-=21,12121,)(2 x x xe x f x ，则212(1)f x dx -=?. (4) 二次型2 132********)()()(),,(x x x x x x x x x f ++-++=的秩为 . (5) 设随机变量X 服从参数为λ的指数分布, 则=>}{DX X P _______. (6) 设总体X 服从正态分布),(21σμN , 总体Y 服从正态分布),(2 2σμN ,1,,21n X X X 和 2 ,,21n Y Y Y 分别是来自总体X 和Y 的简单随机样本, 则 12221112()()2n n i j i j X X Y Y E n n ==?? -+-????=??+-?????? ∑∑. 二、选择题（本题共6小题，每小题4分，满分24分. 每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求， 把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内） (7) 函数2 ) 2)(1() 2sin(||)(---= x x x x x x f 在下列哪个区间内有界. (A) (-1 , 0). (B) (0 , 1). (C) (1 , 2). (D) (2 , 3). [ ] (8) 设f (x )在(-∞ , +∞)内有定义，且a x f x =∞ →)(lim ， ?????=≠=0 ,00 ,)1()(x x x f x g ，则 (A) x = 0必是g (x )的第一类间断点. (B) x = 0必是g (x )的第二类间断点. (C) x = 0必是g (x )的连续点. (D) g (x )在点x = 0处的连续性和a 的取值有关. [ ] (9) 设f (x ) = |x (1 - x )|，则 (A) x = 0是f (x )的极值点，但(0 , 0)不是曲线y = f (x )的拐点. (B) x = 0不是f (x )的极值点，但(0 , 0)是曲线y = f (x )的拐点. (C) x = 0是f (x )的极值点，且(0 , 0)是曲线y = f (x )的拐点. (D) x = 0不是f (x )的极值点，(0 , 0)也不是曲线y = f (x )的拐点. [ ] (10) 设有下列命题： (1) 若 ∑∞=-+1 212)(n n n u u 收敛，则∑∞ =1 n n u 收敛.

2015年考研数学一真题及答案解析

2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学（一）试题 一、选择题：1:8小题，每小题4分，共32分。下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题目要求的，请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸指定位置上。 (1)设函数()f x 在(),-∞+∞内连续，其中二阶导数()''f x 的图形如图所示，则曲线 ()=y f x 的拐点的个数为 ( ) (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 【答案】（C ） 【解析】拐点出现在二阶导数等于0，或二阶导数不存在的点，并且在这点的左右两侧二阶导函数异号。因此，由()f x ''的图形可得，曲线()y f x =存在两个拐点.故选（C ）. (2)设211 ()23 = +-x x y e x e 是二阶常系数非齐次线性微分方程'''++=x y ay by ce 的一个特解，则 ( ) (A) 3,2,1=-==-a b c (B) 3,2,1===-a b c (C) 3,2,1=-==a b c (D) 3,2,1===a b c 【答案】（A ） 【分析】此题考查二阶常系数非齐次线性微分方程的反问题——已知解来确定微分方程的系数，此类题有两种解法，一种是将特解代入原方程，然后比较等式两边的系数可得待估系数值，另一种是根据二阶线性微分方程解的性质和结构来求解，也就是下面演示的解法. 【解析】由题意可知，212x e 、13 x e -为二阶常系数齐次微分方程0y ay by '''++=的解，所以2,1为特征方程20r ar b ++=的根，从而(12)3a =-+=-，122b =?=，从而原方程变为

32x y y y ce '''-+=，再将特解x y xe =代入得1c =-.故选（A ） (3) 若级数 1 ∞ =∑n n a 条件收敛，则 = x 3=x 依次为幂级数1 (1)∞ =-∑n n n na x 的 ( ) (A) 收敛点，收敛点 (B) 收敛点，发散点 (C) 发散点，收敛点 (D) 发散点，发散点 【答案】（B ） 【分析】此题考查幂级数收敛半径、收敛区间，幂级数的性质。 【解析】因为 1 n n a ∞ =∑条件收敛，即2x =为幂级数 1 (1) n n n a x ∞ =-∑的条件收敛点，所以 1 (1) n n n a x ∞ =-∑的收敛半径为1，收敛区间为(0,2)。而幂级数逐项求导不改变收敛区间，故 1 (1) n n n na x ∞ =-∑的收 敛区间还是(0,2)。 因而x = 3x =依次为幂级数1 (1)n n n na x ∞ =-∑的收敛点，发散点.故选（B ）。 (4) 设D 是第一象限由曲线21xy =，41xy =与直线y x = ，y =围成的平面区 域，函数(),f x y 在D 上连续，则 (),D f x y dxdy =?? ( ) (A) ()1 3sin 214 2sin 2cos ,sin d f r r rdr π θπθ θθθ?? (B) ( )34 cos ,sin d f r r rdr π πθθθ? (C) ()13sin 214 2sin 2cos ,sin d f r r dr π θπθ θθθ?? (D) ( )34 cos ,sin d f r r dr π πθθθ? 【答案】（B ） 【分析】此题考查将二重积分化成极坐标系下的累次积分 【解析】先画出D 的图形，

2016年考研数学二真题与解析

2016年考研数学二真题与解析 一、选择题 1—8小题．每小题4分，共32分． １．当+→0x 时，若)(ln x 21+α ，α1 1)cos (x -均是比x 高阶的无穷小，则α的可能取值范围是（ ） （A ）),(+∞2 （B ）),(21 （C ）),(121 （D ）),(2 10 【详解】αααx x 221~)(ln +，是α阶无穷小，ααα2 11 21 1x x ~)cos (-是α2 阶无穷小，由题意可知?? ? ??>>121αα 所以α的可能取值范围是),(21，应该选（B ）． 2．下列曲线有渐近线的是 （A ）x x y sin += （B ）x x y sin +=2（C ）x x y 1sin += （D ）x x y 12 sin += 【详解】对于x x y 1sin +=，可知1=∞ →x y x lim 且01 ==-∞→∞→x x y x x sin lim )(lim ，所以有斜渐近线x y = 应该选（C ） 3．设函数)(x f 具有二阶导数，x f x f x g )())(()(110+-=，则在],[10上（ ） （A ）当0≥)('x f 时，)()(x g x f ≥ （B ）当0≥)('x f 时，)()(x g x f ≤ （C ）当0≥'')(x f 时，)()(x g x f ≥ （D ）当0≥'')(x f 时，)()(x g x f ≤ 【分析】此题考查的曲线的凹凸性的定义及判断方法． 【详解1】如果对曲线在区间],[b a 上凹凸的定义比较熟悉的话，可以直接做出判断． 显然 x f x f x g )())(()(110+-=就是联接))(,()),(,(1100f f 两点的直线方程．故当0≥'')(x f 时，曲线是凹 的，也就是)()(x g x f ≤，应该选（D ） 【详解2】如果对曲线在区间],[b a 上凹凸的定义不熟悉的话，可令 x f x f x f x g x f x F )())(()()()()(110---=-=，则010==)()(F F ，且)(")("x f x F =，故当0≥'')(x f 时，曲线是凹的，从而010==≤)()()(F F x F ，即0≤-=)()()(x g x f x F ，也就是

2015年考研数学三真题与答案详细讲解

2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学（三）试题解析 一、选择题:1:8小题,每小题4分,共32分.下列每题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项符合题目要求的,请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸．．． 指定位置上. (1)设{}n x 是数列,下列命题中不正确的是 ( ) (A) 若lim →∞ =n n x a ,则 221lim lim +→∞ →∞ ==n n n n x x a (B) 若221lim lim +→∞ →∞ ==n n n n x x a , 则lim →∞ =n n x a (C) 若lim →∞ =n n x a ,则 331lim lim +→∞ →∞ ==n n n n x x a (D) 若331lim lim +→∞ →∞ ==n n n n x x a ,则lim →∞ =n n x a 【答案】(D) 【解析】答案为D, 本题考查数列极限与子列极限的关系. 数列()n x a n →→∞?对任意的子列{} k n x 均有()k n x a k →→∞,所以A 、B 、C 正确； D 错(D 选项缺少32n x +的敛散性),故选D (2) 设函数()f x 在(),-∞+∞连续,其2阶导函数()f x ''的图形如右图所示,则曲线()=y f x 的拐点个数为 ( ) (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 【答案】(C) 【解析】根据拐点的必要条件，拐点可能是()f x ''不存在的点或()0f x ''=的点处产生.所以()y f x =有三个点可能是拐点，根据拐点的定义，即凹凸性改变的点；二阶导函数 ()f x ''符号发生改变的点即为拐点.所以从图可知，拐点个数为2，故选C. (3) 设 (){} 2 222,2,2= +≤+≤D x y x y x x y y ,函数(),f x y 在D 上连续,则

历年考研数学线代真题1987-2016(最新最全)讲解

历年考研数学一真题1987-2016 1987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学(一)试卷 一、填空题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分.把答案填在题中横线上) (5)已知三维向量空间的基底为123(1,1,0),(1,0,1),(0,1,1),===ααα则向量(2,0,0)=β在此基底下的坐标是_____________. 三、(本题满分7分) (2)设矩阵A 和B 满足关系式2,+AB =A B 其中301110,014?? ??=?????? A 求矩阵. B 五、选择题(本题共4小题,每小题3分,满分12分.每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个符合题目要求,把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内) (4)设A 为n 阶方阵，且A 的行列式||0,a =≠A 而*A 是A 的伴随矩阵，则*||A 等于 (A )a (B )1 a (C )1n a - (D )n a 九、（本题满分8分） 问,a b 为何值时,现线性方程组 123423423412340 221(3)2321 x x x x x x x x a x x b x x x ax +++=++=-+--=+++=- 有唯一解,无解,有无穷多解?并求出有无穷多解时的通解.

1988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学(一)试卷 二、填空题(本题共4小题,每小题3分,满分12分.把答案填在题中横线上) (4)设4阶矩阵234234[,,,],[,,,],==A αγγγB βγγγ其中234,,,,αβγγγ均为4维列向量,且已知行列式4,1,==A B 则行列式+A B = _______. 三、选择题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分.每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个符合题目要求,把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内) (5)n 维向量组12,,,(3)s s n ≤≤ααα线性无关的充要条件是 (A )存在一组不全为零的数12,,,,s k k k 使11220s s k k k +++≠ααα (B )12,,,s ααα中任意两个向量均线性无关 (C )12,, ,s ααα中存在一个向量不能用其余向量线性表示 (D )12,,,s ααα中存在一个向量都不能用其余向量线性表示 七、（本题满分6分） 已知,=AP BP 其中100100000,210,001211???? ????==-????????-????B P 求5 ,.A A 八、（本题满分8分） 已知矩阵20000101x ????=?? ???? A 与20000001y ?? ??=????-??B 相似. (1)求x 与.y (2)求一个满足1-=P AP B 的可逆阵.P