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Types of Peer Pressure 翻译

新思维大学英语3 读写教程

Types of Peer Pressure

Anuja Kanhere

“The ugly reality is that peer pressure reaches its greatest intensity at just the age when kids tend to be most insensitive and cruel.”

—Walt Mueller, President, CPYU

Peer pressure is a part of a person’s routine life. Commonly seen amongst teena gers, peer pressure can affect people’s lives irrespective of their age or sex.The intensity of peer pressure generally varies with age and maturity. Main reasons behind peer pressure are rising communication gap between parents and children, intense desire to be an acceptable member of a group and a highly impressionable mind that fails to distinguish between what is right and what is wrong. Spoken peer pressure. Here we see peers verbally in?uencing a

teenager to behave the way they are behaving, e.g.: A peer might be seen saying to a teen, “Why are you wasting time studying Calculus? We still have a long time till the exams. Why don’t you come out for a smoke with us? It will be more fun!”

The teen who would have otherwise continued with his own way of life, listens to the peers and starts believing that the lifestyle led by his peers is more attractive. At times, he may see the downside of getting in?uenced by his peers, but his mind is set on becoming an acceptable member in his peer group, someone who would never be made fun of or teased.

Unspoken peer pressure. Here we see teenagers getting influenced

by their peers without any provoking verbal communication taking place between them. If a teen routinely watches his peers living a particular kindof lifestyle, his mind gets influenced and starts assuming that his peers are leading a better life than him and that there is nothing wrong in doing something if everybody is doing it. Here, one’s common s ense and better judgment often goes for a toss, e.g.: A teen may start substance abuse or smoking if he sees all his friends doing it fearlessly.

Negative peer pressure. Teenagers’ minds are like soft clay which assumes the shape of most impressive personality around them. The impression is often likely to be negative in nature. Teens have been known to have chosen a wrong path of life by taking to of lifestyle, his mind gets influenced and starts assuming that his peers are leading a better life than him and that there is nothing wrong in doing something if everybody is doing it.

Here, one’s common sense and better judgment often goes for a toss, e.g.: A teen may start substance abuse or smoking if he sees all his friends doing it fearlessly.

Negative peer pressure. Teenagers’ minds are like soft clay which assumes the shape of most impressive personality around them. The impression is often likely to be negative in nature. Teens have been known to have chosen a wrong path of life by taking to substance abuse, excessive drinking and smoking, thieving and shoplifting, etc. Such situations often

substance abuse, excessive drinking and smoking, thieving and shoplifting, etc. Such situations often Adult peer pressure. A subtype of peer pressure, it has been observed amongst working professionals. An adult mind is not as easily impressionable as that of a teenager. However, adults are often seen turning to drinking or smoking habits after their peers suggest that these are the best remedies to

relieve oneself of personal and work related stress. Similarly, adults have been known to turn corrupt after they have seen their seniors at work accept a bribe. Often, youngsters who start a new career make mistakes of spending excessively on costly products like mobile phones or avail of a huge loan to

buy a new vehicle because of spoken or unspoken peer pressure to be like their professional counterparts. Some of best ways to reduce or get rid of peer pressure is to teach your children at a very young age, to make rational decisions on their own. When a person can identify the negative implications of getting in?uenced by his peers, only then will he be able to protect himself. Parents need to ensure that their children are made to feel special and unique. A child should be made to understand that his unique qualities make him the person that he is and it is not required to behave like any of his peers. Parents may support new positive friendships and shield their children against negative ones. Lastly, bridging the communication gap between the parents and teenagers is the most effective tool against peer pressure.

类型的同侪压力

Anuja Kanhere

“丑陋的现实是,来自同辈的压力达到最大强度在时代的孩子往往是最麻木和残酷的。”

——沃尔特·穆勒,CPYU

同伴的压力是一个人的日常生活的一部分。常见在青少年,同龄人的压力会影响人们的生活不管他们的年龄或性别。同侪压力的强度一般随年龄和成熟。主要原因来自同辈的压力正在上升沟通家长和孩子之间的差距,强烈的渴望,是一个可以接受的一个组的成员和一个高度敏感的心灵,不能区分什么是正确,什么是错误的。

来自同辈的压力。在这里,我们看到同龄人影响一个口头.青少年表现他们的行为方式,

例如:同行可能会看到对青少年说,“你为什么浪费时间学习微积分?我们还有很长一段时间,

直到考试。你为什么不跟我们出来的烟吗?这将是更有趣!”

否则青少年谁会继续自己的生活方式,听同行,开始相信同行领导的生活方式更有吸引力。有时,他会看到越来越受到同行的缺点,但他的思想将成为一个可接受的成员在他的同辈群体,人永远不会被取笑或嘲笑。

不言而喻的同侪压力。在这里,我们看到青少年的影响

的同龄人没有任何引发言语交际发生。如果一个孩子经常看同行一个特定形式的生活方式,他的思想影响,假设他的同行开始领导一个比他更好的生活,没有错在做,如果每个人都这

样做。在这里,一个人的常识和更好的判断往往就扔,例如:青少年吸烟可能会滥用药物或如果他看见了他所有的朋友勇敢地做这件事。

消极的同侪压力。青少年的思想就像软粘土的假定的形状最令人印象深刻的个性。给人的印象往往是在本质上可能是负面的。青少年已经知道选择一个错误的道路生活采取的生活方式,他的思想的影响,开始假设同行领导一个比他更好的生活,没有错在做,如果每个人都这

样做。在这里,一个人的常识和更好的判断往往就扔,例如:青少年吸烟可能会滥用药物或如果他看见了他所有的朋友勇敢地做这件事。

消极的同侪压力。青少年的思想就像软粘土的假定的形状最令人印象深刻的个性。给人的印象往往是在本质上可能是负面的。青少年已经知道的生活选择一个错误的路径通过药物滥用、过度饮酒和吸烟,经常偷窃和入店行窃等。这种情况下

物质滥用、过度饮酒和吸烟、偷窃和入店行窃等。这种情况通常成人同侪压力。子类型的同侪压力,观察到在工作的专业人士。一个成年人思维不一样容易敏感的少年。然而,成年人常常看到转向饮酒或吸烟习惯后同行认为,这些是最好的补救措施

缓解自己的个人和工作相关的压力。同样,成年人已经知道后把腐败的老年人在工作中

接受贿赂。通常,年轻人开创新的事业犯错支出过度昂贵的产品,如手机或利用一个巨大的贷款

买了一辆新车,因为口语或不言而喻的同侪压力就像专业的同行。一些最好的方法来减

少或消除来自同辈的压力是教孩子在很小的时候,自己做出理性的决定。当一个人可以识别

的负面影响越来越受到同行,只有他能保护自己。父母需要确保他们的孩子是由感觉特殊和

独特的。孩子应该理解他独特的品质使他的人,他是,它不需要像任何同行。父母会支持新的积极的友谊和对消极保护他们的孩子。最后,桥接父母和青少年之间的通信是对同伴的压力

最有效的工具。

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Unit 7 The Chaser Key to the Exercises Text comprehension I. Decide which of the following is likely to happen after the story. C II. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false. 1. F (Refer to Paragraph 5. The old man says that his stock in trade is not very large, but it is varied and has extraordinary effects.) 2. F (Refer to Paragraphs 11 and 1 3. The price of a glove-cleaner, as he calls it, is very high, five thousand dollars for a teaspoonful, but the love potion is very cheap.) 3. F (Refer to Paragraph 19. The old man claims that the effects of love potions are permanent.) 4. T (Refer to Paragraphs 24 and 28. Austen says that Diana is fond of parties and, although she is everything to him already, she does not care about his love at all. That is why he decides to go to the old man for the love potion and whenever the old man mentions the magic of his potion, he can't help "crying." From that, we can see the man loves the girl very much.) 5. F (The old man sells the love potions almost for nothing because by doing so his customers will come back for a much dearer commodity, the glove-cleaner, to help them out. It is the "death potion" that the old man makes most of his profits from, and intends to sell to his customers.) III. Answer the following questions. 1. What the old man means is that a young man who falls in love one-sidedly is seldom rich enough to win a girl's heart. His words imply that money is one of the crucial factors for love. If a man is not rich, he can rarely expect to be loved by a girl. 2. Refer to Paragraphs 19 to 37. The love potion has powerful, everlasting effects. To begin with, it may produce sexual desire in the person who takes it. And on the spiritual side, it can replace indifference with devotion and scorn with adoration. It will make a gay girl want nothing but solitude and her lover's company. She will feel jealous of him when her lover is with other girls; she will want to be everything to him. She will be only interested in her lover and take every concern of him. Even if he slips a bit, she will forgive him though terribly hurt. In a word, she will fall in love with him if she drinks the love potion. 3. Refer to Paragraphs 39 to 43. It is an irony, by which the author seems to imply that love is far from being precious or desirable. It is easy for a man to fall in love, yet it is hard

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Unit 1 A Class Act 1. 二战时，曼彻斯特饱受空袭之苦。成长在那里，意味着岁月艰难、钱财短缺、心情焦虑，也意味着许多家庭都是当铺的常客，包括我家。 2. 不过，我的父母最是乐观向上。他们用勤劳、自尊和满屋子的欢笑撑起了这个家。我父亲身体结实，心灵手巧，他那双手几乎无所不能，从不缺木匠和手工活儿。他甚至偶尔还会参加偏僻街道的拳击比赛，补贴家用。我母亲勤俭节约，把家收拾得干净利落。尽管条件艰苦，但她总能让自己的五个孩子吃得饱饱、穿得整整齐齐、干干净净地上学去。 3. 问题是：虽说我的衣服熨得有棱有角，皮鞋擦得铮亮铮亮的，可总有些地方不符合标准校服的要求。尽管母亲缩衣节食为我筹到了大部分装束，但我仍然没能凑齐学校指定的蓝色运动上衣和帽圈。 4. 由于战争影响，开始实施配给制度，大部分学校也放宽了对正规校服的要求，因为学校明白能有衣服穿已属不易。然而，我就读的女子学校却严格规定，每位学生必须穿正规的校服。于是那位负责每天集合的副校长就将训斥我视为她的任务来做。 5. 尽管我试图去解释我为何没能按规定着装，尽管我也正逐渐向全套校服靠近，我每天依然会被揪出队列，在台上罚站，作为对违反校服规定者的警戒。 6. 我每天站在同学面前，只能强忍泪水，不仅羞愧难耐，而且常常只有我一人挨罚。对我的惩罚还扩大到不能上体操课或者我钟爱的每周一次的交谊舞课。我多么希望在这所可怕的学校里，哪怕只有一位老师能睁开双眼看看我能够做什么，而不是不停地告诉我不能做什么啊！ 7. 不过，12岁的我在心里也毫无选择，只有眼睁睁地挨受惩罚。我明白不能让仁厚的母亲知道我所遭受的这种习惯性羞辱，这点非常重要。我也不敢冒险让她到学校替我求情，因为我知道那些心胸狭隘、不讲情面的教员们也同样会令她难堪，这意味着到时我们母女俩都要伤心、愤怒。老天！要是母亲再告诉父亲的话，他立马会大发雷霆，冲到学校来保护我。 8. 一天，我们全家在一家报纸举办的不收取费用的肖像模特摄影比赛中获了奖。我为此兴奋不已：那些好莱坞女星魅力四射的照片更令我想入非非。我迫不及待地想把这个激动人心的消息告诉朋友们。 9. 在那之前，母亲告诉我必须穿那件绿色蕾丝镶边裙——我最好的服装——去上学，因为摄影比赛正好安排在放学之后。她丝毫没有意识到我所要面临的痛苦。 10. 那天，我没有往常穿上这件心爱衣服时的喜悦。我心情郁闷地拖着沉重的步伐来到学校，发现自己成为了蓝色海洋中的一颗绿宝石。集合的时候，我没等人下命令就慢步走上台，去承受其他女生的窃笑和副校长那尖刻的眼神。 11. 当我第无数次想到，这位老师怎么会如此麻木不仁，竟然从未透过我的着装，看看这

综合英语3unit3out of step

Words and Expressions anew: Since Aaron's ex-girlfriend broke up with her boyfriend, he decides to pursue her anew. (ad. again/newly/afresh) calorie: Sherlock wants to gain weight by eating fast foods like Pala hamburger or high calorie drinks like soda. (-adj-- caloric) contortion: I had to admire the contortions of Phil, because he dances in front of the freshers almost everyday!(柔韧性，扭曲） Hermia and Lysander were together after a series of amazing contortions. (困难，周折） coo: She paused to coo at the baby" You are my little little apple"(cooer 鸽、鸠；COO也可作Chief Operating Officer，同CEO) debonair："Empress Daimengr" Camile always looks debonair as if she never had nothing to worry about.(也可作n.喜剧明星） dodge：I'm so depressed for I successfully dodged all the right answer in the last integrated course exam.(vt/vi.躲避、躲开） Those were the dodges he used to escape taxation.(n.托词、计策） eccentric: When I first heard Caroline's Chinese name"Ma Lu", I thought it was a little eccentric. But it turns out she isn't a eccentric, but a enthusiastic person.(adj.古怪的n.古怪的人.odd/weird) esthetical: Many girls even boys want to improve their physical appearance by esthetica l surgery.(n.esthete) exasperating: Though Candy find a Gemini man to be exasperating, Ann find him to be a real charmer.(v.exasperate n.exasperation ) Do not exasperate your team leader, he can humiliate you anywhere anytime! extravagant: Xie Tingfeng and Wang Fei spent over 100 hours extravagant time, which was the explosive news recently.(放纵的） He was extravagant in his admiration of Hellas.(过度的；奢侈的） habituate: You must habituate yourself to this police school life. Some experts said many things to habituate can be given up.(上瘾） ludicrous: When I was a fresher I thought it l udicrous that we can't use the quilt school gave us.(ridiculous/absurd/foolish) negotiate:I really want to negotiate with the team leader to refund our accommodation. The cilmber had to negotiate a steep rock face.(成功度过） pedestrian: Having been exposed by press, Yao Di was just a pedestrian A in Wen Zhang's life. The circumstances and events of his life were anything but pedestrian.(adj.平淡的）sedate: We continued our walk at a s edate pace.(平静的、不慌不忙的） She took them to visit her sedate, elderly cousins.(沉着的、不苟言笑的） Jessica was so excited in Jang Keun Suk(???)'s concert that we should sedate her to calm her down.(vt.给····服用镇静剂） triumph: It's a huge triumph that we finally escaped Chen Zhi's course. You have to triumph over your fear if you want to deliver a successful speech. unfurl: Unfurl a radiant banner旗帜鲜He unfurled the newspaper and began to read.(vt.展开）The government should unfurl the public expenses. (vt.公开） venerable: May Day has become a venerable institution.(庄严的） Our goddess Susan is so venerable that we all love her.（受尊敬的）