银行财务报表分析中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)
Banks analysis of financial data
Abstract
A stochastic analysis of financial data is presented. In particular we investigate how the statistics of log returns change with different time delays t. The scale-dependent behaviour of financial data can be divided into two regions. The first time range, the small-timescale region (in the range of seconds) seems to be characterised by universal features. The second time range, the medium-timescale range from several minutes upwards can be characterised by a cascade process, which is given by a stochastic Markov process in the scale τ. A corresponding Fokker–Planck equation can be extracted from given data and provides a non-equilibrium thermodynamical description of the complexity of financial data.
Keywords:Banks; Financial markets; Stochastic processes;
Fokker–Planck equation
1.Introduction
Financial statements for banks present a different analytical problem than manufacturing and service companies. As a result, analysis of a bank’s financial statements requires a distinct approach that recognizes a bank’s somewhat unique risks.
Banks take deposits from savers, paying interest on some of these accounts. They pass these funds on to borrowers, receiving interest on the loans. Their profits are derived from the spread between the rate they pay for
funds and the rate they receive from borrowers. This ability to pool deposits from many sources that can be lent to many different borrowers creates the flow of funds inherent in the banking system. By managing this flow of funds, banks generate profits, acting as the intermediary of interest paid and interest received and taking on the risks of offering credit.
2. Small-scale analysis
Banking is a highly leveraged business requiring regulators to dictate minimal capital levels to help ensure the solvency of each bank and the banking system. In the US, a bank’s primary regulator could be the Federal Reserve Board, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Office of Thrift Supervision or any one of 50 state regulatory bodies, depending on the charter of the bank. Within the Federal Reserve Board, there are 12 districts with 12 different regulatory staffing groups. These regulators focus on compliance with certain requirements, restrictions and guidelines, aiming to uphold the soundness and integrity of the banking system.
As one of the most highly regulated banking industries in the world, investors have some level of assurance in the soundness of the banking system. As a result, investors can focus most of their efforts on how a bank will perform in different economic environments.
Below is a sample income statement and balance sheet for a large bank. The first thing to notice is that the line items in the statements are not the same as your typical manufacturing or service firm. Instead, there are entries that represent interest earned or expensed as well as deposits and loans.
As financial intermediaries, banks assume two primary types of risk as they manage the flow of money through their business. Interest rate risk is the management of the spread between interest paid on deposits and received on loans over time. Credit risk is the likelihood that a borrower will default on
its loan or lease, causing the bank to lose any potential interest earned as well
as the principal that was loaned to the borrower. As investors, these are the primary elements that need to be understood when analyzing a bank’s financial statement.
3. Medium scale analysis
The primary business of a bank is managing the spread between deposits. Basically when the interest that a bank earns from loans is greater than the interest it must pay on deposits, it generates a positive interest spread or net interest income. The size of this spread is a major determinant of the profit generated by a bank. This interest rate risk is primarily determined by the shape of the yield curve.
As a result, net interest income will vary, due to differences in the timing of accrual changes and changing rate and yield curve relationships. Changes in the general level of market interest rates also may cause changes in the volume and mix of a bank’s balance sheet products. For example, when economic activity continues to expand while interest rates are rising, commercial loan demand may increase while residential mortgage loan growth and prepayments slow.
Banks, in the normal course of business, assume financial risk by making loans at interest rates that differ from rates paid on deposits. Deposits often have shorter maturities than loans. The result is a balance sheet mismatch between assets (loans) and liabilities (deposits). An upward sloping yield curve is favorable to a bank as the bulk of its deposits are short term and their loans are longer term. This mismatch of maturities generates the net interest revenue banks enjoy. When the yield curve flattens, this mismatch causes net interest revenue to diminish.
4.Even in a business using Six Sigma? methodology. an “optimal” level of working capital manageme nt needs to be
identified.
The table below ties together the bank’s balance sheet with the income statement and displays the yield generated from earning assets and interest bearing deposits. Most banks provide this type of table in their annual reports. The following table represents the same bank as in the previous examples: First of all, the balance sheet is an average balance for the line item, rather than the balance at the end of the period. Average balances provide a better analytical framework to help understand the bank’s financial performance. Notice that for each average balance item there is a corresponding
interest-related income, or expense item, and the average yield for the time period. It also demonstrates the impact a flattening yield curve can have on a bank’s net interest income.
The best place to start is with the net interest income line item. The bank experienced lower net interest income even though it had grown average balances. To help understand how this occurred, look at the yield achieved on total earning assets. For the current period ,it is actually higher than the prior period. Then examine the yield on the interest-bearing assets. It is substantially higher in the current period, causing higher interest-generating expenses. This discrepancy in the performance of the bank is due to the flattening of the yield curve.
As the yield curve flattens, the interest rate the bank pays on shorter term deposits tends to increase faster than the rates it can earn from its loans. This causes the net interest income line to narrow, as shown above. One way banks try o overcome the impact of the flattening of the yield curve is to increase the fees they charge for services. As these fees become a larger portion of the bank’s income, it b ecomes less dependent on net interest income to drive earnings.
Changes in the general level of interest rates may affect the volume of
certain types of banking activities that generate fee-related income. For example, the volume of residential mortgage loan originations typically declines as interest rates rise, resulting in lower originating fees. In contrast, mortgage servicing pools often face slower prepayments when rates are rising, since borrowers are less likely to refinance. Ad a result, fee income and associated economic value arising from mortgage servicing-related businesses may increase or remain stable in periods of moderately rising interest rates.
When analyzing a bank you should also consider how interest rate risk may act jointly with other risks facing the bank. For example, in a rising rate environment, loan customers may not be able to meet interest payments because of the increase in the size of the payment or reduction in earnings. The result will be a higher level of problem loans. An increase in interest rate is exposes a bank with a significant concentration in adjustable rate loans to credit risk. For a bank that is predominately funded with short-term liabilities, a rise in rates may decrease net interest income at the same time credit quality problems are on the increase.
5.Related Literature
The importance of working capital management is not new to the finance literature. Over twenty years ago. Largay and Stickney (1980) reported that the then-recent bankruptcy of W.T. Grant. a nationwide chain of department stores. should have been anticipated because the corporation had been running a deficit cash flow from operations for eight of the last ten years of its corporate life. As part of a study of the Fortune 500’s financial management practices. Gilbert and Reichert (1995) find that accounts receivable management models are used in 59 percent of these firms to improve working capital projects. while inventory management models were used in 60 percent of the companies. More recently. Farragher. Kleiman and
Sahu (1999) find that 55 percent of firms in the S&P Industrial index complete some form of a cash flow assessment. but did not present insights regarding accounts receivable and inventory management. or the variations of any current asset accounts or liability accounts across industries. Thus. mixed evidence exists concerning the use of working capital management techniques.
Theoretical determination of optimal trade credit limits are the subject of many articles over the years (e.g.. Schwartz 1974; Scherr 1996). with scant attention paid to actual accounts receivable management. Across a limited sample. Weinraub and Visscher (1998) observe a tendency of firms with low levels of current ratios to also have low levels of current liabilities. Simultaneously investigating accounts receivable and payable issues. Hill. Sartoris. and Ferguson (1984) find differences in the way payment dates are defined. Payees define the date of payment as the date payment is received. while payors view payment as the postmark date. Additional WCM insight across firms. industries. and time can add to this body of research.
Maness and Zietlow (2002. 51. 496) presents two models of value creation that incorporate effective short-term financial management activities. However. these models are generic models and do not consider unique firm or industry influences. Maness and Zietlow discuss industry influences in a short paragraph that includes the observation that. “An industry a company is located in may ha ve more influence on that company’s fortunes than overall GNP” (2002. 507). In fact. a careful review of this 627-page textbook finds only sporadic information on actual firm levels of WCM dimensions. virtually nothing on industry factors except for some boxed items with titles such as. “Should a Retailer Offer an In-House Credit Card” (128) and nothing on WCM stability over time. This research will attempt to fill this
void by investigating patterns related to working capital measures within industries and illustrate differences between industries across time.
An extensive survey of library and Internet resources provided very few recent reports about working capital management. The most relevant set of articles was Weisel and Bradley’s (2003) article on c ash flow management and one of inventory control as a result of effective supply chain management by Hadley (2004).
6.Research Method
The CFO Rankings
The first annual CFO Working Capital Survey. a joint project with REL Consultancy Group. was published in the June 1997 issue of CFO (Mintz and Lezere 1997). REL is a London. England-based management consulting firm specializing in working capital issues for its global list of clients. The original survey reports several working capital benchmarks for public companies using data for 1996. Each company is ranked against its peers and also against the entire field of 1.000 companies. REL continues to update the original information on an annual basis.
REL uses the “cash flow from operations” value located on firm cash flow statements to estimate cash conversion efficiency (CCE). This value indicates how well a company transforms revenues into cash flow. A “days of working capital” (DWC) value is based on the dollar amount in each of the aggregate. equally-weighted receivables. inventory. and payables accounts. The “days of working capital” (DNC) represents the time period between purchase of inventory on acccount from vendor until the sale to the customer. the collection of the receivables. and payment receipt. Thus. it reflects the company’s ability to finance its core operations with vendor credit. A detailed investigation of WCM is possible because CFO also provides firm
and industry values for days sales outstanding (A/R). inventory turnover. and days payables outstanding (A/P).
7.Research Findings
Average and Annual Working Capital Management Performance Working capital management component definitions and average values for the entire 1996 – 2000 period . Across the nearly 1.000 firms in the survey. cash flow from operations. defined as cash flow from operations divided by sales and referred to as “cash conversion efficiency” (CCE). averages 9.0 percent. Incorporating a 95 percent confidence interval. CCE ranges from 5.6 percent to 12.4 percent. The days working capital (DWC). defined as the sum of receivables and inventories less payables divided by daily sales. averages 51.8 days and is very similar to the days that sales are outstanding (50.6). because the inventory turnover rate (once every 32.0 days) is similar to the number of days that payables are outstanding (32.4 days). In all instances. the standard deviation is relatively small. suggesting that these working capital management variables are consistent across CFO reports.
8.Industry Rankings on Overall Working Capital Management Performance
CFO magazine provides an overall working capital ranking for firms in its survey. using the following equation:Industry-based differences in overall working capital management are presented for the twenty-six industries that had at least eight companies included in the rankings each year. In the typical year. CFO magazine ranks 970 companies during this period. Industries are listed in order of the mean overall CFO ranking of working capital performance. Since the best average ranking possible for an eight-company industry is 4.5 (this assumes that the eight companies are ranked one through eight for the entire survey). it is quite obvious that all firms in the petroleum
industry must have been receiving very high overall working capital management rankings. In fact. the petroleum industry is ranked first in CCE and third in DWC (as illustrated in Table 5 and discussed later in this paper). Furthermore. the petroleum industry had the lowest standard deviation of working capital rankings and range of working capital rankings. The only other industry with a mean overall ranking less than 100 was the Electric & Gas Utility industry. which ranked second in CCE and fourth in DWC. The two industries with the worst working capital rankings were Textiles and Apparel. Textiles rank twenty-second in CCE and twenty-sixth in DWC. The apparel industry ranks twenty-third and twenty-fourth in the two working capital measures
9. Results for Bayer data
The Kramers–Moyal coefficients were calculated according to Eqs. (5) and (6). The timescale was divided into half-open intervals
assuming that the Kramers–Moyal coefficients are constant with respect to the timescaleτin each of these subintervals of the timescale. The smallest timescale considered was 240 s and all larger scales were chosen such that τi ＝0.9*τi+1. The Kramers–Moyal coefficients themselves were parameterised in the following form:
This result shows that the rich and complex structure of financial data, expressed by multi-scale statistics, can be pinned down to coefficients with a relatively simple functional form.
10. Discussion
Credit risk is most simply defined as the potential that a bank borrower or counter-party will fail to meet its obligations in accordance with agreed terms. When this happens, the bank will experience a loss of some or all of the credit it provide to its customer. To absorb these losses, banks maintain an
基于哈佛分析框架的财务报表分析的文献综述
本科生毕业设计（论文）文献综述评价表
文献综述： 基于哈佛分析框架的财务报表分析的 文献综述 财务分析的重要性日益凸显，它不仅代表着企业的经营成果，还为企业以后的发展和管理提供决策依据。财务分析是通过一系列分析技术与方法，对企业的各种能力进行综合分析与评价，及时发现企业经营中出现的问题和不足，为企业的管理者管理和决策的信息。这是一个逻辑性很强的分析过程，需要从各种复杂的信息中把握分析逻辑，形成分析框架，才能获取有价值的信息。另一方面，财务分析对于投资者和股东的未来投资活动具有重要意义，它有助于利益相关者了解企业的经营现状和未来发展。本文对哈佛分析框架的国内外研究成果进行述评，为进一步的研究奠定基础。 1 国外关于财务分析方法的研究 伴随着西方资本市场的发展，其财务分析方法日益完善，财务分析体系快速发展。学者们开始建立财务分析框架，以更好地对企业的财务状况经行分析。少数学者提出从筹资活动、经营活动和投资活进行财务分析。而绝大部分学者则是在财务分析的基础上逐步引进战略分析、会计分析和前景分析三个维度。一部分学者是从三个维度来构建财务分析框架的。以Salmi（1997）为代表的学者提出从概论、会计分析和财务分析三个维度进行财务报表分析。而以Stickney（1999）为代表的学者则是从环境分析、会计分析和财务分析这三个维度展开。相比较而言，Stickney的尝试在原来两维度的基础上增加了环境分析，使得财务分析结果更为可靠。 还有一部分学者是从四个维度来构建财务分析框架的。最具有代表性的是哈佛大学佩普（K.G.Palepu）、希利（P.M.healy) 和伯纳德（V.L.Bemard)（2000）在《运用财务报表进行企业分析与评估》一书中提出了哈佛分析框架。其提出了一种集战略与财务报表分析为一体的、更具实际应用效果的财务分析框架，即哈佛分析框架。该框架由战略分析、会计分析、财务分析、前景分析共四个部分组成。哈佛分析框架的战略分析模块对企业所面临的外部环境进行了全面分析，不仅能发现企业发展中面临的机会和威胁，更能从战略高度为企业发展指出方向。哈佛分析框架做到了结合企业外部经济环境与企业个体特征、行业经济发展状况、生合周期和获利能力等因素对企业进行综合评判，对于投资者
某股份有限公司财务报表分析报告
摘要 正确组织和有效开展经济分析，对于企业正确制定经营方针，选择最佳方案，编制经营计划，合理评价企业经济活动，以及不断提高经济效益具有重要意义。经济分析具有判断性、情报性、预防性和建设性。企业是社会经济的细胞，股份制企业是社会经济细胞中较活跃的群体。 本文依据全面分析与重点分析相结合，经济分析与技术分析相结合，定性分析与定量分析相结合，利用核算数据与搞好调查研究相结合原则，对省哈飞汽车股份自2007 年至2009 年的财务状况从资本结构分析、偿债能力分析、营运能力分析、盈利能力分析、综合分析以及趋势分析等方面进行由外到地剖析和评价，对2009 年经营中存在的问题进行分析，最后提出建议。 关键词：财务报表分析；盈利能力；偿债能力
Abstract It is very important to organize and do economic analysis efficiently for an enterprise. The analysis plays key point in making business plan，evaluating the economic activities reasonably，and improving economic benefits. Economic analysis has the features of judging，information，predicting and constructing. The enterprises are the cell of social leconomy. The corporations，which are on the stock market，are the most active colony in them. In this report，by combination of whole analysis and emphasis analysis ，economic analysis and technical analysis，feature analysis and value analysis，and based on the rules of combination calculated data and research，the author tries to do an analysis and evaluation to Hafei Automobile Works Car company, the key enterprise of Heilongjiang Province. Based on the adjustment of financial statements，the analysis of capital structure，the analysis of assets operation efficiency，the analysis of profitability，the analysis of debt redemption and the synthetic analysis of the corporation from 2007 to 2009. The author also submits some suggestions to the problems in 2009 of the company. KeyWords：Financial Analysis; Profitability; Debt redemption
银行术语--中英文对照
ABS 资产担保证券（Asset Backed Securities的英文缩写）Accelerated depreciation 加速折旧 Acceptor 承兑人；受票人；接受人 Accommodation paper 融通票据；担保借据 Accounts payable 应付帐款 Accounts receivable 应收帐款 Accredited Investors 合资格投资者；受信投资人 指符合美国证券交易委员(SEC)条例，可参与一般美国非公开 (私募)发行的部份机构和高净值个人投资者。 Accredit value 自然增长值 Accrediting 本金增值 适用于多种工具，指名义本金在工具（如上限合约、上下限合 约、掉期和互换期权）的期限内连续增长。 Accrual basis应计制；权责发生制 Accrued interest 应计利息 ACE 美国商品交易所 Acid Test Ratio 酸性测验比率；速动比率 Acquisition 收购 Across the board 全面一致；全盘的 Acting in concert 一致行动；合谋 Active assets 活动资产；有收益资产 Active capital 活动资本 Actual market 现货市场 Actual price 现货价 Actual useful life 实际可用年期 Actuary 精算师；保险统计专家 ADB 亚洲开发银行 (Asian Development Bank的英文缩写) ADR 美国存股证；美国预托收据；美国存托凭证(参见American Depository Receipt栏目） ADS 美国存托股份 (American Depository Share的英文缩写) Ad valorem 从价；按值 Ad valorem stamp duty 从价印花税
财务报表分析习题及答案
一、单项选择题 1.投资人最关心的财务信息是（）。 A.总资产收益率 B.销售利润率 C.净资产收益率 D.流动比率 2. 资产是指（）的交易或事项形成并由企业拥有或者控制的资源，该资源预期会给企业带来经济利益。 A.过去 B.现在 C.将来 D.以上都不对 3.当流动比率小于1时，赊购原材料将会（）。 A.增大流动比率 B.降低流动比率 C.降低营运资金 D.增加营运资金 4.市净率指标的计算不涉及的参数是（）。 A.年末普通股数 B.年末普通股权益 C.年末普通股股本 D.每股市价 5.我国确定现金流量表为对外会计报表的主表之一的时间是（）。 A.1992年 B.1993年 C.1998年 D.1999年 6.所有者权益变动表是反映企业在某特定期间内有关（）的各组成项目增减变动情况的报表。 A.资产 B.负债 C.所有者权益 D.以上都是 7.影响权益乘数高低的主要指标是（）。 A.成本费用率 B.资产负债率 C.资产周转率 D.销售净利率 8.2001年起，中国证监会开始实行“退市制度”，连续（）亏损的上市公司，其股票将暂停交易。 A.两年 B.三年 C.四年 D. 以上都不对 9. 利用虚拟资产虚增利润的共同特点是（）。 A.少记虚拟资产，少摊成本费用 B.多记虚拟资产，少摊成本费用 C.少记虚拟资产，多摊成本费用 D.多记虚拟资产，多摊成本费用10．财务状况粉饰的具体表现形式包括：高估资产、低估负债和（）。 A.或有资产 B.或有负债 C.推迟确认收入 D.提前结转成本
11.所有者权益主要分为两部分，一部分是投资者投入的资本，另一部分是生产过程中资本积累形成的（）。 A.资本公积 B.留存利润 C.营业利润 D.利润总额 12.采用共同比财务报告进行比较分析的主要优点是（）。 A.计算容易 B.可用百分比表示 C.可用于纵向比较 D.能显示各个项目的相对性，能用于不同时期相同项目的比较分析充 13.下列报表项目中不属于资产负债表的“资产”项目的是（）。 A.货币资金 B.交易性金融资产 C.其他应收款 D.应付利息 14.计算应收账款周转率时，“平均应收账款”是指（）。 A.未扣除坏账准备的应收账款金额 B.扣除坏账准备后的应收账款净额 C.“应收账款”账户的净额 D.“应收账款”和“坏账准备”账户余 额之间的差额 15. 会计基本恒等式是指（）。 A. 资产=权益 B.资产=负债+所有者权益 C.收入—费用=利润 D.资产+费用=负债+所有者权益+收入 16. 有形净值率中的“有形净值”是指（）。 A.有形资产总额 B.所有者权益 C.固定资产净额 D.所有者权益扣除无形资产 17. 某企业全部资本为500万元，则企业获利40万元，其中借入资本300万元，利 率10%。此时，举债经营对投资者（）。 A.有利 B.不利 C.无变化 D.无法确定 18.编制共同比结构利润表，作为总体的项目是（）。 A.营业收入 B.营业利润 C.利润总额 D.净利润 19. 每股现金流量主要衡量（）。 A．偿债能力 B.支付能力 C. 获利能力 D.财务质量 20. 资本收益率是企业一定时期（）与平均资本的比率，反映企业实际获得投 资额的回报水平。 A.营业利润 B.利润总额 C.净利润 D.以上都不是
财务报表分析外文文献及翻译
财务报表分析外文文献及翻译 LNTU---Acc 附录A 财务报表分析的杠杆左右以及如何体现盈利性和值比率 摘要 关键词:财政杠杆;运营债务杠杆;股本回报率;值比率 传统观点认为，杠杆效应是从金融活动中产生的:公司通过借贷来增加运营的资金。 杠杆作用的衡量标准是负债总额与股东权益。然而，一些负债——如银行贷款和发行的债券，是由于资金筹措，其他一些负债——如贸易应付账款，预收收入和退休金负债，是由于在运营过程中与供应商的贸易，与顾客和雇佣者在结算过程中产生的负债。融资负债通常交易运作良好的资本市场其中的发行者是随行就市的商人。与此相反，在运营中公司能够实现高增值。因为业务涉及的是与资本市场相比，不太完善的贸易的输入和输出的市场。 因此，考虑到股票估值，运营负债和融资负债的区别的产生有一些先验的原因。我们研究在资产负债表上，运营负债中的一美元是否与融资中的一美元等值这个问题。因为运营负债和融资负债是股票价值的组成部分，这个问题就相当于问是否股价与账面价值比率是否取决于账面净值的组成。价格与账面比率是由预期回报率的账面价值决定的。所以，如果部分的账面价值要求不同的溢价，他们必须显示出不同的账面价值的预期回报率。因此， 标准的财务报表分析的能够区分股东从运营中和借贷的融资业务中产生的利润。因此，资产回报有别于股本回报率，这种差异是由于杠杆作用。然而，在标准的分析中，经营负债不区别于融资负债。因此，为了制定用于实证分析的规范，
我们的研究结果是用于愿意分析预期公司的收益和账面收益率。这些预测和估值依赖于负债的组成。 这篇文章结构如下。第一部分概述并指出了了能够判别两种杠杆作用类型，连接杠杆作用和盈利的财务报表分析第二节将杠杆作用，股票价值和价格与账面比率联系在一起。 第三节中进行实证分析，第四节进行了概述与结论。 1 杠杆作用的财务报表分析 以下财务报表分析将融资债务和运营债务对股东权益的影响区别开。这个分析从实证的详细分析中得出了精确的杠杆效应等式 普通股产权资本收益率=综合所得?普通股本 (1) 杠杆影响到这个盈利等式的分子和分母。适当的财务报表分析解析了杠杆作用的影响。以下分析是通过确定经营和融资活动中的资产负债表和损益表的组成开始分析。计算每一项活动所获得的利润，然后引入两种类型的杠杆作用来解释运营和融资的盈利以及股东的总体盈利。 1.1 区分运营和融资过程中的盈利 普通股权=经营资产，金融负债,经营负债,金融负债 (2) 侧重于普通股(以便优先股被视为融资债务)，资产负债表方程可重申如下:经营性资产的区别(如贸易应收款，库存和物业，厂房及设备)和金融资产(存款及可出售证券吸收多余现金)在其他方面。然而，债务方面，融资负债也区别于经营负债。不应该把所 有负债都当作融资负债来处理，相反，只有从运营中得到的现金，就像银行贷款，短期商业票据和债券属于这种类型。其他负债，如应付账款，累计费用，预收收入，重组债务和养老金负债，产生于业务。这种区别并不像当前与长远负债那么简单;养老金负债，例如，通常是长期，短期的借款是一种当前的负债。
银行流水单翻译词汇(汇总)
中国各大银行名称缩写 中国建设银行——CCB(China Constuction Bank) 中国农业银行——ABC(Agricultural Bank of China) 中国工商银行——ICBC(Industrial and Commercial Bank of China) 中国银行——BOC（Bank of China) 中国民生银行——CMBC（China Minsheng Banking Co., Ltd） 招商银行——CMB(China Merchants Bank Ltd) 兴业银行——CIB (Industrial Bank Co., Ltd) 北京市商业银行——已经改名北京银行——BOB(Bank of Beijing) 交通银行——BCM(Bank of Communications) 中国光大银行——CEB(Chian Everbright Bank) 中信银行——(cvbnm` 广东发展银行——GDB(Guangdong Development Bank) 上海浦东发展银行——SPDB/SPDBank(Shanghai Pudong Development Bank) 深圳发展银行——SDB(Shenzhen Development Bank)
中国银行新线借记卡历史交易明细清单 Debit card transaction details history list 交易区间：2012/06/01 至2012/12/01 Trading range: to 打印日期：2012/12/17 打印网点: 11111 打印柜员：33333 Print date: Print branches:Print teller: 账号：1222222222 客户号：9999999 Account number: Customer number: 账户名：王三 Account name: WANG SAN 开户日期：2012/01/04 开户行：88881 Account opening date: Deposit bank: 产品大类：5500 产品子类：1999 Product Line: Subclass: 起息日：2012/01/12 到期日： Value date: Expiry date: 存折号：货币号： Bankbook number: Currency number: 交易日网点交易代码货币号交易金额交易余额摘要Trade date Branches Trade code Currency number Transaction amount Account balance Abstract 交易类别对方账号 Trade type Reciprocal account number
财务外文翻译--基于财务报表分析企业价值
中文4400字 Babic Z, Plazibat N. Enterprise Value Based On The Analysis Of Financial Statements [J]. International journal of production economics, 2008, 56: 29-35 Enterprise Value Based On The Analysis Of Financial Statements Z Babic, N Plazibat ABSTRACT Analysis of data on the financial statements, the use of discounted cash flow method, the relative value of other methods to analyze financial statements and financial data to find useful data on the enterprise value analysis, with its inherent value is the closest a value to facilitate management by better management decisions and investment decisions of enterprises. Now, under the conditions of market economy, the enterprise itself can be traded in the market of goods, by the profits to maximize the conversion to maximize the value of. Therefore, the enterprise value based on financial statement analysis is particularly important. Financial statements as a reflection of the financial positio n and operating conditions of enterprises, statutory information of listed companies, the real financial statements data can reveal the enterprise's past operating results, the pros and cons of the identification of business, to forecast the future of the enterprise. The article first describes the limitations of the traditional statements and how to improve, then the enterprise value is based on the improved report. KEYWORD: Financial statements, corporate value, Enterprise value evaluation 1 Introduction 1 The meaning of enterprise value The enterprise value is accompanied by the emergence of property rights trading market in the 1960s, a concept first proposed by the U.S. regulators. Under market economy conditions, the goods of the enterprise itself is a transaction in the equity market as the commodity stakeholders, including investors, creditors, managers must understand the value of the business. Enterprise value as a commodity currency performance. 1.2 Analysis of the significance of enterprise value Enterprises maximize the value of thinking helps to improve the company. Each listed
银行专业术语金融英语(中英文对照)(20201101105652)
1. 现金业务：cash business 2. 转账业务：transfer business 3. 汇兑业务：currency exchange business 4. 委托收款：commission receivables 5. 发放贷款：loans 6. 贷款收回：loan recovery 7. 贷款展期：loan extension 8. 办理银行汇票：apply for bank drafts 9. 收息：interest 10 托收：collection 其他相关：帐目编号account number 存户depositor 存款单pay-in slip 存款单 a deposit form 自动存取机 a banding machine 存款deposit 存款收据deposit receipt 私人存款private deposit 存单certificate deposit 存折deposit book 信用卡credit card 本金principal 透支overdrafts overdraw 双签 a counter sign 背书to endorse 背书人endorser 兑现to cash 兑付to honor a cheque 拒付to dishonor a cheque 止付to suspend payment 支票cheque ,check 支票本cheque book 记名支票order cheque 不记名支票bearer cheque 横线支票crossed cheque 空白支票blank cheque rubber cheque 空头支票cheque stub, counterfoil 票根
财务报表分析研究外文翻译
本科毕业设计（论文） 外文翻译 题目双汇企业财务报表分析研究 姓名宋孟姣 专业 2010级财务管理本科1班 学号 201040016 指导教师董玥玥 郑州科技学院工商管理学院 二〇一四年三月
FINANCIAL STA TEMENT ANALYSIS OF EVERAGE AND HOW IT INFORMS ABOUT PORABLIITY AND PRICE-TO-BOOK RA TIOS 1 FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS OF EVERAGE The following inimical statement analysis separates the effects of enhancing liabilities and operating liabilities on the portability o f shareholders’ equity. The analysis yields explicit leveraging equations from which the speci?cations for the empirical analysis are developed. Shareholder portability, return on common equity, is measured as Return on common equity (ROCE) = comprehensive net income ÷common equity (1) Appropriate inimical statement analysis disentangles the effects of leverage. The analysis below, which elaborates on parts of Nazism and Penman (2001), begins by identifying components of the balance sheet and income statement that involve operating and enhancing activities. The portability due to each activity is then calculated and two types of leverage are introduced to explain both operating and enhancing portability and overall shareholder portability. 1.1 Distinguishing the Portability of Operations from the Portability of Financing Activities Common equity =operating assets＋financial assets－operating liabilities－Financial liabilities （2）The distinction here between operating assets (like trade receivables, inventory and property, plant and equipment) and inimical assets (the deposits and marketable securities that absorb excess cash) is made in other contexts. However, on the liability side, enhancing liabilities are also distinguished here from operating liabilities. Rather than treating all liabilities as enhancing debt, only liabilities that raise cash for operations—like bank loans, short-term commercial paper and bonds—are classier as such. Other liabilities—such as accounts payable, accrued expenses, deferred revenue, restructuring liabilities and pension liabilities—arise from operations. The distinction is not as simple as current versus long-term
中色股份公司财务报表分析
一、中色股份有限公司概况 中国有色金属建设股份有限公司（英文缩写NFC，简称：中色股份）1983年经国务院批准成立，主要从事国际工程承包和有色金属矿产资源开发。目前，中色股份旗下控股多个公司，涉及矿业、冶炼、稀土、能源电力等领域；同时，通过入股民生人寿等稳健的实业投资，增强企业的抗风险能力，实现稳定发展。 二、资产负债比较分析 资产负债增减变动趋势表 （一）增减变动分析 从上表可以清楚看到，中色股份有限公司的资产规模是呈逐年上升趋势的。从负债率及股东权益的变化可以看出虽然所有者权益的绝对数额每年都在增长，但是其增长幅度明显 该公司07年的速动比率为0.89，08年为0.81，09年为0.86，相对来说，没有大的波动，只是略呈下降趋势。每1元的流动负债只有0.86元的资产作保障，是绝对不够的，这表明该企业的短期偿债能力较弱。 （3）现金比率 该公司07年的现金比率为0.35，08年为0.33，09年为0.38，从这些数据可以看出，该公司的现金即付能力较强，并且呈逐年上升趋势的，但是相对数还是较低，说明了一元的流动负债有0.38元的现金资产作为偿还保障，其短期偿债能力还是可以的。 （三）资本结构分析 （1）资产负债率 该企业的资产负债率07年为58.92%，08年为61.14%?09年为59.42%。从这些数据可
以看出，该企业的资产负债率呈现逐年上升趋势的，但是是稳中有降的，说明该企业开始调节自身的资本结构，以降低负债带来的企业风险，资产负债率越高，说明企业的长期偿债能力就越弱，债权人的保证程度就越弱。该企业的长期偿债能力虽然不强，但是该企业的风险系数却较低，对债权人的保证程度较高。 （2）产权比率 该企业的产权比率07年为138.46%，08年为157.37%，09年为146.39%。从这些数据可以看出，该企业的产权比率呈现逐年上升趋势的，但是稳中有降的，从该比率可以看出，该企业对负债的依赖度还是比较高的，相应企业的风险也较高。该企业的长期偿债能力还是较低的。不过，该企业已经意识到企业的风险不能过大，一旦过大将带来重大经营风险，所以，该企业试图从高风险、高回报的财务结构向较为保守的财务结构过渡，逐渐增大所有者权益比例。 。 逐年下降趋势的。尤其是08年下降幅度最大，充分看出金融危机对该公司的影响很大。之所以下降，是因为该公司近三年的主营业务收入都在下降，虽然主营业务成本也在同时下降，但是下降的幅度没有收入下降的幅度大，这说明企业的全部资产经营效率降低，偿债能力也就有所下降了。总体来看，该企业的主营收入是呈现负增长状态的。 （2）流动资产周转率 该企业的总资产周转率07年为1.64，08年为1.18，09年为1.02。从这些数据可以看出，该企业的流动资产周转率是呈现逐年下降趋势的。尤其也是08年下降幅度最大，说明08年的金融危机对该公司的影响很大。总的来说，企业流动资产周转率越快，周转次数越多，周转天数越少，表明企业以占用相同流动资产获得的销售收入越多，说明企业的流动资产使用效率越好。以上数据看出，该企业比较注重盘活资产，较好的控制资产运用率。
常用金融术语(中英对照)
金融 资产组合(Portfolio) ：指投资者持有的一组资产。一个资产多元化的投资组合通常会包含股票、债券、货币市场资产、现金以及实物资产如黄金等。 证券投资(Portfolio Investment) ：国际收支中、资本帐下的一个项目，反映资本跨国进行证券投资的情况，与直接投资不同，后者涉及在国外设立公司开展业务，直接参与公司的经营管理。证券投资则一般只是被动地持有股票或债券。 投资组合经理(Portfolio Manager)：替投资者管理资产组合的人，通常获授权在约定规下自由运用资金。共同基金的投资组合经理负责执行投资策略，将资金投资在各类资产上。 头寸(Position) ：就证券投资而言，头寸是指在一项资产上做多(即拥有)或做空(即借入待还)的数量。 总资产收益率(ROTA) ：资产收益率是企业净利润与平均资产总额地百分比，也叫资产回报率（ROA），它是用来衡量每单位资产创造多少净利润的指标。其计算公式为：资产收益率＝净利润/平均资产总额×100%；该指标越高，表明企业资产利用效果越好，说明企业在增加收入和节约资金使用等方面取得了良好的效果，否则相反。 整批交易(Round Lot Trade) ：指按证券和商品在市场最普遍的交易单位(例如100股为一单位)进行的交易。 交易回合(Round Turn)：指在同一市场上通过对两种证券或合约一买一卖，或一卖一买的交易两相抵消。通常在计算手续费时会提及交易回合。 缩略语 有资产担保的证券(ABS) 国际外汇交易商协会(ACI) 现货(Actuals) 亚洲开发银行(ADB) 美国预托证券(ADR) 非洲开发银行(AFDB) 年度股东大会(AGM)
银行用语中英文对照
What kind of account did you have in your mind? 你想开哪种帐户? Do you like to open a current account? 你想开一个活期存款帐户吗? A deposit or current account? 定期依旧活期? Please tell me how you would like to deposit your money. 请告诉我你想存何种户头? There's a service charge for the checking account but no charge for the savings. 支票户头要收服务费，现金户头不收。 Our minimum deposit for a savings account is 100 dollars. 我们储蓄存款的最低存款额是100美圆。 Five yuan is the minimum original deposit. 最低起存款额是5元。 You can open a savings account at any time with an initial deposit of 50 dollars. 你可随时以50美圆的起存额开立储蓄帐户。 Even one yuan is all right.
甚至一元也能够起存。 Here is your pasbook. Please bring it back when you deposit or withdraw money any time you like. Keep it well and inform us whenever you lose it. 这是你的存折，存取款时请带来。保管好存折，遗失请告诉我们。 I should like to open a current account. 我想开一个活期存款帐户。 I need a checking account so that I can pay my bill. 我需开个支票帐户，如此就能付帐。 We'd like to know how we open a checking-savings account. 我们想明白如何开一个支票储蓄帐户。 I have a checking account here. 我在那个地点有一个支票存款帐户。 I think I'd like a deposit account. 我想要开个定期存款帐户。 Can I open a current account here? 我能否在这儿开个活期存款帐户？ I want to open a deposit account with you.
万科企业股份有限公司财务报表分析
万科企业股份有限公司财务报表分析 姓名：章晨 班级：08级电子商务 学号：200810450122 指导老师：孙万欣黄丽萍 毛剑峰万洁 聂铭洁 日期：2010.6.28
目录 一、公司简介 (3) 二、资产负债表和利润表的纵向分析和横向分析 (4) 三、比率分析 (5) （一）偿债能力分析 (5) （二）营运能力分析 (6) （三）获利能力分析 (7) 四、分析结论 (8)
万科企业股份有限公司财务报表分析 一、公司简介 （一）公司基本情况 万科企业股份有限公司成立于1984年5月，是目前中国最大的专业住宅开发企业。2008年公司完成新开工面积523.3万平方米，竣工面积529.4万平方米，实现销售金额478.7亿元，结算收入404.9亿元，净利润40.3亿元。 万科认为，坚守价值底线、拒绝利益诱惑，坚持以专业能力从市场获取公平回报，是万科获得成功的基石。公司致力于通过规范、透明的企业文化和稳健、专注的发展模式，成为最受客户、最受投资者、最受员工、最受合作伙伴欢迎，最受社会尊重的企业。凭借公司治理和道德准则上的表现，公司连续六次获得“中国最受尊敬企业”称号，2008年入选《华尔街日报》（亚洲版）“中国十大最受尊敬企业”。 （二）公司经营范围 万科1988年进入房地产行业，1993年将大众住宅开发确定为公司核心业务。至2008年末，业务覆盖到以珠三角、长三角、环渤海三大城市经济圈为重点的31个城市。当年共销售住宅42500套，在全国商品住宅市场的占有率从2.07%提升到2.34%，其中市场占有率在深圳、上海、天津、佛山、厦门、沈阳、武汉、镇江、鞍山9个城市排名首位。 （三）公司行业分析 自创建以来，万科一贯主张“健康丰盛人生”，重视工作与生活的平衡；为员工提供可持续发展的空间和机会，鼓励员工和公司共同成长；倡导简单人际关系，致力于营造能充分发挥员工才干的工作氛围。2001年起，万科每年委托第三方顾问公司对全体职员进行员工满意度调查。 公司努力实践企业公民行为。万科从2007年开始每年发布社会责任报告。由公司出资建设的广州“万汇楼”项目被广东省建设厅列为“广东省企业投资面向低收入群体租赁住房试点项目”，并于08年年中正式实现入住。08年12月31日，由公司全额捐建的四川绵竹遵道镇学校主教学楼及卫生院综合楼交付仪式在四川遵道正式举行，成为震后首批企业捐建的永久性公共建筑。 未来，房地产市场将迎来一个崭新的发展期，住宅企业在绿色建筑的研发、制造方面的能力，在绿色社区的营造、维护方面的能力，都将成为产品竞争力中越来越重要的一部分；并可能在其他产品、服务日益同质化的情况下，成为未来市场竞争的核心要素。
《财务报表分析》试题及标准答案
财务报表分析-0084 客观题 单选题（共20题，共60分） 1. 管理费用与销售费用、生产费用等区分的主要依据是（B） A 费用在生产流程中所归属的环节 B 费用发生的地点和时间 C 费用发生归属的部门 D 企业根据实际情况自定 2. 软件开发企业为客户开发软件的收入属于（A） A 提供劳务收入 B 建造合同收入 C 销售商品收入 D 让渡资产使用权收入 3. 下列关于营业收入构成分析的表述错误的是（D） A 营业收入的业务构成分析的目的是分析影响企业盈利水平的业务因素 B 主营业务收入的产品构成分析的目的是掌握影响企业收入水平和获利能力的产品或劳务项目因素 C 主营业务收入的地区构成分析就是分析企业产品在不同地区的市场竞争力和比较优势 D 主营业务收入的行业构成分析就是分析企业在行业内的市场竞争力 4. 下列各项中对账户式资产负债表表述不正确的是（A） A 将资产负债表中的三个项目由上而下依次排列 B 将资产项目列在报表的左方 C 资产负债表左右两方平衡，且满足会计恒等式 D 我国现行的企业资产负债表采用账户式格式 5. 财务报表分析的最终目的是（C） A 阅读财务报表 B 做出某种判断 C 决策支持 D 解析报表 6. 运用综合系数分析法进行综合分析时的基本步骤不包括（B） A 选定评价企业财务状况的比率指标 B 根据企业目标和预期确定各指标的标准值和实际值 C 计算各指标实际值与标准值的比率 D 计算各项指标的综合系数 7. 关于利息费用保障倍数的局限性，下列各种理解中错误的是（D） A 该指标是从利润额与固定性利息支出之间的比例关系来衡量企业的偿债能力的 B 利润是一个会计数据，会计账目数据不能作为长期债务偿付的手段 C 与现金流入和流出不同，利润不是企业可以动用的净现金流量 D 固定支出保障倍数指标弥补了利息费用保障倍数的局限性 8. 下列项目中不属于投资活动产生的现金流量是（D） A 购置设备支付的现金 B 取得投资收益收到的现金 C 处置无形资产收到的现金 D 发行债券收到的现金
银行专业术语金融英语(中英文对照)
1.现金业务：c a s h b u s i n e s s 2.转账业务：transfer business 3.汇兑业务：currency exchange business 4.委托收款：commission receivables 5.发放贷款：loans 6.贷款收回：loan recovery 7.贷款展期：loan extension 8.办理银行汇票：apply for bank drafts 9.收息：interest 10托收：collection 其他相关： 帐目编号account number 存户depositor 存款单pay-in slip 存款单a deposit form 自动存取机a banding machine 存款deposit 存款收据deposit receipt 私人存款private deposit 存单certificate deposit 存折deposit book 信用卡credit card 本金principal 透支overdrafts overdraw 双签a counter sign 背书to endorse 背书人endorser 兑现to cash 兑付to honor a cheque 拒付to dishonor a cheque 止付to suspend payment 支票cheque ,check 支票本cheque book 记名支票order cheque 不记名支票bearer cheque 横线支票crossed cheque 空白支票blank cheque rubber cheque 空头支票 cheque stub, counterfoil 票根 cash cheque 现金支票 traveler's cheque 旅行支票 cheque for transfer 转帐支票 outstanding cheque 未付支票 canceled cheque 已付支票