专业英语句子
句子
Unit1
1.Materials may be grouped in several ways. Scientists often classify materials by their state: solid, liquid, or gas. They also separate them into organic (once living) and inorganic (never living) materials.
材料可以按多种方法分类。科学家常根据状态将材料分为：固体、液体或气体。他们也把材料分为有机材料(曾经有生命的)和无机材料(从未有生命的)。
2.Metals are elements that generally have good electrical and thermal conductivity. Many metals have high strength, high stiffness, and have good ductility.
金属就是通常具有良好导电性和导热性的元素。许多金属具有高强度、高硬度以及良好的延展性。
3.Some metals, such as iron, cobalt and nickel, are magnetic. At low temperatures, some metals and intermetallic compounds become superconductors.
某些金属能被磁化，例如铁、钴和镍。在极低的温度下，某些金属和金属化合物能转变成超导体。
4.A ceramic is often broadly defined as any inorganic nonmetallic material．By this definition, ceramic materials would also include glasses; however, many materials scientists add the stipulation that “ceramic” must also be crystalline.
陶瓷通常被概括地定义为无机的非金属材料。照此定义，陶瓷材料也应包括玻璃；然而许多材料科学家添加了“陶瓷”必须同时是晶体物组成的约定。
5.An example of particle-reinforced composites is an automobile tire which has carbon black particles in a matrix of polyisobutylene elastomeric polymer.
微粒加强型复合材料的一个例子是机动车胎，它就是在聚异丁烯人造橡胶聚合物基材中加入了碳黑微粒。
6.A polymer has a repeating structure, usually based on a carbon backbone. The repeating structure results in large chainlike molecules. Polymers are useful because they are lightweight, corrosion resistant, easy to process at low temperatures and generally inexpensive.
聚合物具有一般是基于碳链的重复结构。这种重复结构产生链状大分子。由于重量轻、耐腐蚀、容易在较低温度下加工并且通常较便宜，聚合物是很有用的。
7.Some important characteristics of polymers include their size (or molecular weight), softening and melting points, crystallinity, and structure. The mechanical properties of polymers generally include low strength and high toughness. Their strength is often improved using reinforced composite structures.
聚合材料具有一些重要特性，包括尺寸(或分子量)、软化及熔化点、
结晶度和结构。聚合材料的机械性能一般表现为低强度和高韧性。它们的强度通常可采用加强复合结构来改善。
Unit2
1.It should be remembered that the transitions that have been described by the phase diagrams are for equilibrium conditions, which can be approximated by slow cooling.
应该记住由状态图描述的这种转化只适合于通过缓慢冷却的近似
平衡条件
2.Hardening is the process of heating a piece of steel to a temperature within or above its critical range and then cooling it rapidly.
淬火就是把钢件加热到或超过它的临界温度范围，然后使其快速冷却的过程。
3.If the carbon content of the steel is known, the proper temperature to which the steel should be heated may be obtained by reference to the iron-iron carbide phase diagram.
如果钢的含碳量已知，钢件合适的加热温度可参考铁碳合金状态图得到。
4.Steel that has been hardened by rapid quenching is brittle and not suitable for most uses.
快速淬火硬化的钢是硬而易碎的，不适合大多数场合使用。
5.This is usually accomplished by heating the steel too slightly above the critical temperature, holding it there until the temperature of the piece is uniform throughout, and then cooling at a slowly controlled rate so that the temperature of the surface and that of the center of the piece are approximately the same.
通常是非常缓慢地将钢加热到临界温度以上，并将其在此温度下保持到工件全部均匀受热，然后以受控的速率慢慢地冷却，这样使得工件表面和内部的温度近似相同。
Unit3
1.Casting is a manufacturing process in which molten metal is poured or injected and allowed to solidify in a suitably shaped mold cavity. During or after cooling, the cast part is removed from the mold and then processed for delivery.
铸造是一种将熔化的金属倒入或注入合适的铸模腔并且在其中固
化的制造工艺。在冷却期间或冷却后，把铸件从铸模中取出，然后进行交付。
2.Sand casting is used to make large parts (typically iron, but also bronze, brass, aluminum). Molten metal is poured into a mold cavity formed out of sand (natural or synthetic).
砂型铸造用于制造大型零件(具有代表性是铁，除此之外还有青铜、黄铜和铝)。将熔化的金属倒入由型砂(天然的或人造的)做成铸模腔。
3.The processes of sand casting are discussed in this section, including patterns, sprues and runners, design considerations, and casting allowance.
本节讨论砂型铸造工艺，包括型模、浇注口、浇道、设计考虑因素及铸造余量。
2.In a two-part mold, which is typical of sand castings, the upper half, including the top half of the pattern, flask, and core is called cope and the lower half is called drag, as shown in Fig.
3.1. The parting line or the parting surface is line or surface that separates the cope and drag.
在典型砂型铸造的两箱铸模中，上半部分(包括型模顶半部、砂箱和砂芯)称为上型箱，下半部分称为下型箱，见图3.1所示。分型线或分型面是分离上下型箱的线或面。
3.the drag is first filled partially with sand, and the core print, the cores, and the gating system are placed near the parting line.
首先往下型箱里部分地填入型砂和砂芯座、砂芯，并在靠近分型线处放置浇注系统。
4.The molten material is poured into the pouring cup, which is part of the gating system that supplies the molten material to the mold cavity.
熔化的金属从浇注杯注入型腔，浇注杯是浇注系统向型腔提供熔化金属的部分。
5.The vertical part of the gating system connected to the pouring cup is the sprue, and the horizontal portion is called the runners and finally to the multiple points where it is introduced to the mold cavity called the gates.
将浇注系统的垂直部分与浇注杯连接的是浇注口，浇注系统的水平部分称为浇道，最后到多点把熔化金属导入型腔的称为闸道。
6.Additionally there are extensions to the gating system called vents that provide the path for the built-up gases and the displaced air to vent to the atmosphere.
除此之外，还有称为排放口的浇注系统延长段，它为合成气体和置换空气排放到大气提供通道。
7.It can be used to make parts that cannot be produced by normal manufacturing techniques, such as turbine blades that have complex shapes, or airplane parts that have to withstand high temperatures.
它还能用于生产一般制造技术无法生产的零件，例如有复杂形状的涡轮叶片或必须耐得住高温的飞机零件。
8.Attention must be paid to mold permeability when using pressure, to allow the air to escape as the pour is done.
当使用压力时必须注意渗透性，以便在浇铸的同时让空气逸出。
Unit4
1.Forging is the process by which metal is heated and is shaped by plastic deformation by suitably applying compressive force.
在锻造过程中先将金属加热，然后施加合适的压力使其塑性变形。
2.One of the basic operations of hammer forging is the elongation of a piece of metal by stretching with hammer blows, causing it to become thinner and longer.
锤锻的基本操作之一就是通过锤击使金属伸长，促成其变细变长。
Unit5
1.Powder metallurgy(Fig.5.1) uses sintering process for making various parts out of metal powder. The metal powder is compacted by placing in a closed metal cavity (the die) under pressure.
粉末冶金(图5.1)采用烧结工艺将金属粉末制成各种各样的零件。金属粉末放在封闭的金属腔(模具)中在压力下被压实。
2.Metal powders are contained in an enclosure e.g. a rubber membrane or a metallic can that is subjected to isostatic, which is uniform in all directions, external pressure. As the pressure is isostatic the as-pressed component is of uniform density.
冷均衡挤压。金属粉末装入均衡受压的橡胶膜或金属罐内，其所受外压力在各个方向都是均匀的。由于压力是均衡的，所以压制零件密度是均匀的。
3.Irregularly shaped powder particles must be used to provide adequate green strength in the as-pressed component. This will then be sintered in a suitable atmosphere to yield the required product.
必须采用不规则形状粉末微粒为压制零件提供足够的未加工强度。然后放入合适的环境中烧结成所需产品。
4.Normally this technique is only used for semi-fabricated products such as bars, billets, sheet, and roughly shaped components, all of which require considerable secondary operations to produce the final, accurately dimensioned component.
通常这种技术只用于制作诸如棒料、坯段、薄板及粗糙成型零件之类的半成品，所有这些都需要大量进一步加工才能生产出最终尺寸精确的零件。
5.Again, at economical working pressures, products are not fully dense and usually need additional working such as hot extrusion, hot rolling or forging to fully density the material.
此外使用经济工作压力的产品不是充分致密的，一般需要增加诸如热挤压、热轧或锻之类的额外工序来使材料达到全密度。
6.The rate of densification of the powder depends upon the yield strength of the powder at the temperatures and pressures chosen. At moderate temperature the yield strength of the powder can still be high and require high pressure to produce densification in an economic time. 粉末致密率取决于该粉末在选定温度和压力下的屈服强度。中等温度下粉末的屈服强度仍然较高，因此需要较高压力使其在经济时间内致密化。
7.Typical values might be 1120℃and 100MPa for ferrous alloys. By pressing at very much higher temperatures lower pressures are required as the yield strength of the material is lower. Using a glass enclosure atmospheric pressure(15psi) is used to consolidate bars and larger billets.
对铁合金典型的数值为1120℃和100MPa。由于很高温度下材料的屈服强度较低，因此只需较低压力就能挤压。采用玻璃容器时可用大气压力(15psi)合成棒料和较大坯段。
Unit7
1. The importance of machining processes can be emphasised by the fact that every product we use in our daily life has undergone this
process either directly or indirectly.
机加工过程的重要性可通过日常生活使用的每件产品都直接或间接经历这一过程的事实来强调。
2. Rake angle. It is the angle between the face of the tool called the rake face and the normal to the machining direction. Higher the rake angle, better is the cutting and less are the cutting forces, increasing the rake angle reduces the metal backup available at the tool rake face.
前角：它是被称为前倾面的刀具面与垂直机加工方向的夹角。前角越大，则切削越好且切削力越小，增加前角可以减少刀具前倾面上产生的金属阻塞。
3.This reduces the strength of the tool tip as well as the heat dissipation through the tool. Thus, there is a maximum limit to the rake angle and this is generally of the order of 15°for high speed steel tools cutting mild steel. It is possible to have rake angles at zero or negative. 但这会和减少通过刀具散发的热量一样减少刀尖强度。因此前角有一最大限制，用高速钢刀具切削低碳钢通常为15°。前角取零度或负值也是可能的。
4.Machining operations are utilized in view of the better surface finish that could be achieved by it compared to other manufacturing operations.
由于机加工能获得比其它制造作业更好的表面光洁度，所以机加工作业具有实用价值。
Unit8
1.Grinding is a manufacturing process that involves the removal of metal by employing a rotating abrasive wheel.
磨削是通过采用旋转磨轮去除金属的制造工艺。
2.Generally, grinding is considered to be a finishing process that is usually used for obtaining high-dimensional accuracy and better surface finish.
一般而言，磨削被认为是一种通常用于获得高尺寸精度和较好表面光洁度的精加工作业。
Unit11
1.A lathe is a machine tool used primarily for producing surfaces of revolution and flat edges.
车床是主要用于生成旋转表面和平整边缘的机床。
Unit12
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8b8357905.html,ling is a machining process that is carried out by means of a multiedge rotating tool known as a milling cutter.
铣削是采用被称为铣刀的多刃旋转刀具完成的机加工作业。
2.Drilling operations can be carried out by using either hand drills or drilling machines.
钻削作业既能采用手钻也能采用钻床来实现。
第二部分
Unit1
Unit2
Unit3
1.A program for numerical control consists of a sequence of directions that causes an NC machine to carry out a certain operation, machining being the most commonly used process.
数控编程由一系列方向构成，这些方向导致数控车床执行某种操作，加工是最常用的进程。
2.Manual part programming consists first of calculating the dimensional relationships of the tool, workpiece, and worktable, based on the engineering drawings of the part, and manufacturing operations to be performed and their sequence
手工编程包括根据部分工程图纸首先算出刀具，工件以及工作台的尺寸关系，继而决定执行的操作和工序.
3.Manual programming can be done by someone who is knowledgeable about the particular manufacturing process and is able to understand, read, and change part programs
手工编程可以由那些具有特定制造工艺知识和能够理解，阅读以及更改部分程序的人来完成.
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8b8357905.html,puter-aided part programming involves special symbolic programming languages that determine the coordinate points of corners, edges, and surfaces of the part
计算机辅助编程是一种涉及到特殊符号的编程语言，这种语言可以决定角点的坐标，刀口以及工件的表面.
Unit4
1.It was noted that each machine ,regardless of how highly it is automated ,is designed to perform basically one type of operation. It has also shown that , in manufacturing, most parts require a number of different machining operations on their various surfaces.
需要注意的是每台机器他的自动化程度有多高，都要设计一种基本的加工样式就像所展示的那样，在制造过程中不同的表面是用不同的加工方法加工的，
2.Universal machining centers are equipped with both vertical and horizontal spindles.
万能加工中心同时装备了垂直主轴和水平主轴的机器.
Unit5
1.Industrial robots are relatively new electromechanical devices that are beginning to change the appearance of modern industry
工业机器人是相对来说较新的机电设备，它已经开始改变现代工业的面貌。
Unit6
1.Group technology is a manufacturing philosophy that involves
identifying and grouping components having similar or related attributes in order to take advantage of their similarities in the design and/or manufacturing phases of the production cycle.
（成组技术是一个制造业的哲学概念，它涉及到具有相似或相关属性零件的标识和分组，这样我们可利用产品的相似性这种特点，把这种技术应用于产品生产的设计制造过程中）
Unit7
1.CAD/CAM is a term which means computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing.
CAD/CAM这个词条的意思是计算机辅助设计和计算机辅助制造。
Unit9
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8b8357905.html,puter-integrated manufacturing or (CIM) is the term used to describe the most modern ap- proach to manufacturing.
计算机集成制造(或CIM)是用来描述最现代化的一种制造方法的词汇
公司职位、职业(英文缩写大全)
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电气工程及其自动化专业英语(1)重点
电气工程及其自动化专业英语 考试题型：选择10*2 单词翻译10*2 短句翻译5*4 长句翻译4*10 Exercise All the simple circuit elements that will be 在下面进行的工作中我们要研究的简单电路元件,可以根据流过元件的电流与元件两端的电压的关系进行分类。例如，如果元件两端的电压正比于流过元件的电流，即u＝ki，我们就把元件称为电阻器。其他的类型的简单电路元件的端电压正比于电流对时间的导数或正比于电流关于时间的积分。还有一些元件的电压完全独立于电流或电流完全独立于电压，这些是独立源。此外，我们还要定义一些特殊类型的电源，这些电源的电压或电流取决于电路中其他的电流或电压，这样的电源将被称为非独立源或受控源。 It must be emphasized that the linear 必须强调的是线性电阻器是一个理想的电路元件；它是物理元件的数学模型。我们可以很容易地买到或制造电阻器，但很快我们发现这种物理元件只有当电流、电压或者功率处于特定范围时其电压——电流之比才是恒定的，并且这个比值也取决于温度以及其它环境因素。我们通常应当把线性电阻器仅仅称为电阻器。只有当需要强调元件性质的时候才使用更长的形式称呼它。而对于任何非线性电阻器我们应当始终这么称呼它，非线性电阻器不应当必然地被视为不需要的元件。 If a circuit has two or more independent 如果一个电路有两个或多个独立源，求出具体变量值（电流或电压）的一种方法是使用节点分析法或网孔分析法。另一种方法是求出每个独立源对变量的作用然后把它们进行叠加。而这种方法被称为叠加法。叠加法原理表明线性电路某个元件两端的电压（或流过元件的电流）等于每个独立源单独作用时该元件两端的电压（或流过元件的电流）的代数和。 The ratio of the phase voltage to the 相电压与相电流之比等于电路的阻抗，符号为字母Z，阻抗是一个具有量纲为欧姆的复数量。阻抗不是一个相量，因此不能通过把它乘以e jωt,并取其实部把它转换成时域形式。但是，我们把电感器看作是通过其电感量L表现为时域形式而通过其阻抗jωL表现为频域形式，电容在时域里为电容量C而在频域里为1/jωc，阻抗是某种程度 上的频域变量而非时域变量。 Both wye and delta source connections 无论是星型连接的电源还是三角形连接的电源都有重要的实际应用意义。星型连接的电源用于长距离电力传输，此时电阻损耗(I2R)将达到最小。这是由于星型连接的线电压是三角形连接的线电压的√3倍，于是,对于相同的功率来说，三角型连接的线电流是星形连接的线电流的√3倍。三角形连接的电源使用在根据三相电源而需要的三个单相电路中。这种从三相到单相的转变用在住宅布线中因为家用照明和设备使用单相电源。三相电源用在需要大功率的工业布线中。在某些应用场合，无论负载是星形连接还是三角形连接并不重要。
(完整版)医学专业英语翻译及答案
Chapter 1 Passage 1 Human Body In this passage you will learn: 1. Classification of organ systems 2. Structure and function of each organ system 3. Associated medical terms To understand the human body it is necessary to understand how its parts are put together and how they function. The study of the body's structure is called anatomy; the study of the body's function is known as physiology. Other studies of human body include biology, cytology, embryology, histology, endocrinology, hematology, immunology, psychology etc. 了解人体各部分的组成及其功能，对于认识人体是必需的。研究人体结构的科学叫解剖学；研究人体功能的科学叫生理学。其他研究人体的科学包括生物学、细胞学、胚胎学、组织学、内分泌学、血液学、遗传学、免疫学、心理学等等。 Anatomists find it useful to divide the human body into ten systems, that is, the skeletal system, the muscular system, the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the urinary system, the endocrine system, the nervous system, the reproductive system and the skin. The principal parts of each of these systems are described in this article. 解剖学家发现把整个人体分成骨骼、肌肉、循环、呼吸、消化、泌尿、内分泌、神经、生殖系统以及感觉器官的做法是很有帮助的。本文描绘并阐述了各系统的主要部分。 The skeletal system is made of bones, joints between bones, and cartilage. Its function is to provide support and protection for the soft tissues and the organs of the body and to provide points of attachment for the muscles that move the body. There are 206 bones in the human skeleton. They have various shapes - long, short, cube - shaped, flat, and irregular. Many of the long bones have an interior space that is filled with bone marrow, where blood cells are made. 骨骼系统由骨、关节以及软骨组成。它对软组织及人体器官起到支持和保护作用，并牵动骨胳肌，引起各种运动。人体有206根骨头。骨形态不一，有长的、短、立方的、扁的及不规则的。许多长骨里有一个内层间隙，里面充填着骨髓，这即是血细胞的制造场所。 A joint is where bones are joined together. The connection can be so close that no movement is possible, as is the case in the skull. Other kinds of joints permit movement: either back and forth in one plane - as with the hinge joint of the elbow - or movement around a single axis - as with the pivot joint that permits the head to rotate. A wide range of movement is possible when the ball - shaped end of one bone fits into a socket at the end of another bone, as they do in the shoulder and hip joints. 关节把骨与骨连接起来。颅骨不能运动，是由于骨与骨之间的连接太紧密。但其它的关节可允许活动，如一个平面上的前后屈伸运动，如肘关节；或是绕轴心旋转运动，如枢轴点允许头部转动。如果一根骨的球形末端插入另一根骨的臼槽里，大辐度的运动（如肩关节、髋关节）即成为可能。 Cartilage is a more flexible material than bone. It serves as a protective, cushioning layer where bones come together. It also connects the ribs to the breastbone and provides a structural base for the nose and the external ear. An infant's skeleton is made of cartilage that is gradually replaced by bone as the infant grows into an adult. 软骨是一种比一般骨更具韧性的物质。它是骨连结的保护、缓冲层。它把肋骨与胸骨连结起来，也是鼻腔与内耳的结构基础。一个婴儿的骨骼就是由软骨组成，然后不断生长、
财务管理专业英语 句子及单词翻译
Financial management is an integrated decision-making process concerned with acquiring, financing, and managing assets to accomplish some overall goal within a business entity. 财务管理是为了实现一个公司总体目标而进行的涉及到获取、融资和资产管理的综合决策过程。 Decisions involving a firm’s short-term assets and liabilities refer to working capital management. 决断涉及一个公司的短期的资产和负债提到营运资金管理 The firm’s long-term financing decisions concern the right-hand side of the balance sheet. 该公司的长期融资决断股份资产负债表的右边。 This is an important decision as the legal structure affects the financial risk faced by the owners of the company. 这是一个重要的决定作为法律结构影响金融风险面对附近的的业主的公司。 The board includes some members of top management(executive directors), but should also include individuals from outside the company(non-executive directors). 董事会包括有些隶属于高层管理人员(执行董事)，但将也包括个体从外公司(非执行董事)。 Maximization of shareholder wealth focuses only on stockholders whereas maximization of firm value encompasses all financial claimholders including common stockholders, debt holders, and preferred stockholders. 股东财富最大化只集中于股东，而企业价值最大化包含所有的财务债券持有者，包括普通股股东，债权人和优先股股东。 Given these assumptions，shareholders’ wealth maximization is consistent with the best interests of stakeholders and society in the long run。 根据这些假设，从长期来看，股东财富最大化与利益相关者和社会的最好利润是相一致的。 No competing measure that can provide as comprehensive a measure of a firm’s standi ng. Given these assumptions, shareholders’ wealth maximization is consistent with the best interests of stakeholders and society in the long run. 没有竞争措施，能提供由于全面的一个措施的一个公司的站。给这些臆说，股东'财富最大化一贯不比任何人差项目干系人项目利益相关者的利益，社会从长远说来。 In reality, managers may ignore the interests of shareholders, and choose instead to make investment and financing decisions that benefit themselves. 在现实中，经理可能忽视股东的利益，而是选择利于自身的投资和融资决策。 Financial statements are probably the important source of information from which these various stakeholders(other than management) can assess a firm’s financial health. 财务报表可能是最重要的信息来源，除管理者以外的各种利益相关者可以利用这些报表来评估一个公司的财务状况。 The stockholders’ equity section lists preferred stock, common stock and capital surplus and accumulated retained earnings. 股东权益列示有优先股，普通股，资本盈余和累积留存收益。 The assets, which are the “things” the company owns, are listed in the order of decreasing liquidity, or length of time it typically takes to convert them to cash at fair market values, beginning with the firm’s current assets. 资产，也就是公司拥有的东西，是按照流动性递减的顺序或将它们转换为公允市场价值所需要的时间来排列的，通常从流动资产开始。The market value of a firm’s equity is equal to the number of shares of common stock outstanding times the price per share, while the amoun t reported on the firm’s balance sheet is basically the cumulative amount the firm raised when issuing common stock and any reinvested net income(retained earnings). 公司权益的市场价值等于其发行在外的普通股份数乘以每股价格，而资产负债表上的总额则主要是公司在发行普通股以及分配任何再投资净收益（留存收益）时累积的数额。 When compared to accelerated methods, straight-line depreciation has lower depreciation expense in the early years of asset life, which tends to a higher tax expense but higher net income. 与加速折旧法相比,直线折旧法在资产使用年限的早期折旧费用较低，这也会趋向于较高的税金费用和较高的净收入。 The statement of cash flows consists of three sections:(1)operating cash flows,(2)investing cash flows, and(3)financing cash flows. Activities in each area that bring in cash represent sources of cash while activities that involve spending cash are uses of cash. 该声明现金流量表包含三个部分:(1)经营现金流,(2)投资的现金流,(3)融资现金流。在每个地区活动带来现金来源的现金而代表活动涉及到花钱是使用现金 Financing activities include new debt issuances, debt repayments or retirements, stock sales and repurchases, and cash dividend payments. 筹资活动,包括发行新债券，偿还债务，股票销售和回购，以及现金股利支付。 Not surprisingly, Enron’s executives had realized some $750 million in salaries, bonuses and profits from stock options in the 12 months before the company went bankrupt. 毫不奇怪, 公司破产前的十二个月里，安然的高管们实现了7.5亿美金的工资、奖金和股票期权利润。First, financial ratios are not standardized. A perusal of the many financial textbooks and other sources that are available will often show differences in how to calculate some ratios. 首先,财务比率不规范。一个参考的许多金融教科书及来源,可将经常表现出差异如何计算一些率。 Liquidity ratios indicate a firm’s ability to pay its obligations in the short run. 流动性比率表明公司的支付能力在短期内它的义务。 Excessively high current ratios, however, may indicate a firm may have too much of its long-term investor-supplied capital invested in short-term low-earning current assets. 当前的比率过高,然而,可能表明,一个公司可能有太多的长期 investor-supplied资本投资于短期low-earning流动资产 In an inflationary environment, firms that use last-in, first-out(LIFO)inventory valuation will likely have lower current ratios than firms that use first-in, first-out(FIFO). 在一个通货膨胀的环境下,企业选择使用后进先出法对存货计价的公 司比采用先进先出法的公司有一个低的流动比率。 The cash ratio is too conservative to accurately reflect a firm’s liquidity position because it assumes that firms can fund their current liabilities with only cash and marketable securities. 流动比率太稳健不能正确反映一个公司的流动性状况，因为在这一比率假定公司仅仅用现金和有价证券就可以偿还流动负债。 Debt management ratios characterize a firm in terms of the relative mix of debt and equity financing and provide measures of the long-term debt paying ability of the firm. 描述一个公司债务管理比率从相对的混合的债务和股权融资的措施, 提供长期偿债能力的公司。 Total capital includes all non-current liabilities plus equity, and thus excludes short-term debt. 资本总额包括所有非流动负债加上股本,从而排除短期贷款。 Net profit margins vary widely by the type of industry. 有着很大的不同,其净利润为典型的产业。 Note that earnings before interest and taxes, rather than net income, Is used in the numerator because interest is paid with pre-tax dollars, and the firm’s ability to pay current interest is not affected by taxes. 注意,分子中用的是息税前利润而不是净收入，这是因为利息是税前支付的，公司支付现金利息的能力不受税收的影响。 Managers should analyze the tradeoff between any increased sales from a more lenient credit policy and the associated costs of longer collection periods and more uncollected receivables to determine whether changing the firm’s credit sales policy could increase shareholder’s we alth. 管理者应该分析权衡增加的销售从一个更为宽松的信贷政策和相关费用较长的周期和更多的应收账款收集来决定是否改变公司的信用销售的政策可能会增加股东的财富。 If the receivables collection period exceeds a firm’s credit terms this may indicate that a firm is ineffective in collecting its credit sales or is granting credit to marginal customers. 如果应收账款采集时间超过公司的信用条款这也许说明了企业信用销售收集它无效或给予客户信用边缘。 A low, declining ratio may suggest the firm has continued to build up inventory in the face of weakening demand or may be carrying and reporting outdated or obsolete inventory that could only be sold at reduced prices, if at all. 一个低税率、下降率可能显示这个公司已经持续不断地加强库存面对需求不断减弱或可能携带和报告过期或过时的库存,只能减价出售。Thus, the operating profit margin, which indicates the operating profit generated per dollar of net sales, measures t he firm’s operating profitability before financing costs. 因此,经营利润,预示着美元营业利润产生的净销售额,公司的经营利润措施在融资成本。 If the firm’s fixed assets are old and have been depreciated to a low book value, and the assets have not lost their productive ability, the low figure in the denominator will inflate ROA. 如果公司固定资产比较旧,分母的减少会是ROA折旧到低的账面价值，但是资产并没有失去生产能力。 Return on common equity(ROCE) focuses on just the return to common shareholders and is computed by removing the dividends to preferred shareholders from net income and dividing by the capital provided by common shareholders. 普通股权益报酬率仅仅关注普通股股东的报酬率，用净收入扣除优先股股利除以普通股股东提供的资本计算得到。 Dividend yield represents parts of a stock’s total return; another part of a st ock’s total return is price appreciation. 代表部分股息率的股票总回报;另一部分是一个股票的总回报价格上涨。 In fact, of all the concepts used in finance, none is more important than the time value of money, also called discounted cash flow(DCF) analysis. 事实上,财务上所有的概念中，货币时间价值是最重要的，也称作是折现调整现金流量折价分析。
电子专业英语缩写大全
电子专业英语词汇(缩写词汇) A Analog 模拟 A/D Analog to Digital 模-数转换 AAC Advanced Audio Coding 高级音频编码 ABB Automatic Black Balance 自动黑平衡 ABC American Broadcasting Company 美国广播公司 Automatic Bass Compensation 自动低音补偿 Automatic Brightness Control 自动亮度控制 ABL Automatic Black Level 自动黑电平 ABLC Automatic Brightness Limiter Circuit 自动亮度限制电路ABU Asian Broadcasting Union 亚洲广播联盟(亚广联 ABS American Bureau of Standard 美国标准局 AC Access Conditions 接入条件 Audio Center 音频中心 ACA Adjacent Channel Attenuation 邻频道衰减 ACC Automatic Centering Control 自动中心控制 Automatic Chroma Control 自动色度(增益控制 ACK Automatic Chroma Killer 自动消色器 ACP Additive Colour Process 加色法 ACS Access Control System 接入控制系统 Advanced Communication Service 高级通信业务 Area Communication System 区域通信系统
电气工程专业英语
电路electric circuit 电气工程electrical engineering 电机electric machine 自然科学physical science 电气设备electrical device 电器元件electrical element 正电荷positive charge 负电荷negative charge 直流direct current 交流alternating current 电压voltage 导体conductor 功work 电动势electromotiveforce 电势差potential difference 功率power 极性polarity 能量守恒定律the law of conservation energy 变量variable 电阻resistance 电阻率resistivity 绝缘体insulator 电阻器resistor 无源元件passive element 常数constant 电导conductance 短路short circuit 开路open circuit 线性的linear 串联series 并联parallel 电压降voltage drop 等效电阻equivalent resistance 电容器capacitor 电感器inductor 储能元件storage element 电场electric field 充电charge 放电discharge 动态的dynamic 电介质dielectric
电容capacitance 磁场magnetic field 电源power supplu 变压器transformer 电机electric motor 线圈coil 电感inductance 导线conducting wire 绕组wingding 漏电阻leakage resistance 电子系统electronic system 结构图block diagram 功能模块functional block 放大器amplifier 滤波器filter 整形电路wave-shaping circuit 振荡器oscillator 增益gain 输入阻抗input impedance 带宽bandwidth 晶体管transistor 集成电路integrated circuit 电力电子power electronics 数字信号处理digital signal-processing 输出装置output device 模拟信号analog signal 数字信号digital signal 传感器transducer 采样值sample value 模数转换器analog-to-digital converter 频谱frequency content 采样频率sampling rate or frequendy 扰动disturbance 分立电路discrete circuit 数字化信号digitized signal 运算放大器operational amplifier 有源电路active circuit 电子部件electronic unit 封装package 管脚pin 同相端noninverting terminal 反相输入inverting input
《自动化专业英语》中英文翻译-中文部分
第二部分 控制理论 第1章 1.1控制系统的引入 人类控制自然力量的设计促进人类历史的发展,我们已经广泛的能利用这种量进行在人类本身力量之外的物理进程?在充满活力的20世纪中,控制系统工程的发展已经使得很多梦想成为了现实?控制系统工程队我们取得的成就贡献巨大?回首过去,控制系统工程主要的贡献在机器人,航天驾驶系统包括成功的实现航天器的软着陆,航空飞机自动驾驶与自动控制,船舶与潜水艇控制系统,水翼船?气垫船?高速铁路自动控制系统,现代铁路控制系统? 以上这些类型的控制控制系统和日常生活联系紧密,控制系统是一系列相关的原件在系统运行的基础上相互关联的构成的,此外控制系统存在无人状态下的运行,如飞机自控驾驶,汽车的巡航控制系统?对于控制系统,特别是工业控制系统,我们通常面对的是一系列的器件,自动控制是一个复合型的学科?控制工程师的工作需要具有力学,电子学,机械电子,流体力学,结构学,无料的各方面的知识?计算机在控制策略的执行中具有广泛的应用,并且控制工程的需求带动了信息技术的与软件工程的发展? 通常控制系统的范畴包括开环控制系统与闭环控制系统,两种系统的区别在于是否在系统中加入了闭环反馈装置? 开环控制系统 开环控制系统控制硬件形式很简单,图2.1描述了一个单容液位控制系统, 图2.1单容液位控制系统 我们的控制目标是保持容器的液位h 在水流出流量V 1变化的情况下保持在一定 可接受的范围内,可以通过调节入口流量V 2实现?这个系统不是精确的系统,本系 统无法精确地检测输出流量V 2,输入流量V 1以及容器液位高度?图2.2描述了这 个系统存在的输入(期望的液位)与输出(实际液位)之间的简单关系, 图2.2液位控制系统框图 这种信号流之间的物理关系的描述称为框图?箭头用来描述输入进入系统,以及
难倒英语专业的40个翻译句子
1.Do you have a family? 正确译文:你有孩子吗? 2.It's a good father that knows his son. 就算是最好的父亲,也未必了解自己的儿子. 3.I have no opinion of that sort of man. 我对这类人很反感. 4.She put 5 dollars into my hand,"you have been a great man today." 她把5美圆塞到我手上说:"你今天表现得很好." 5.I was the youngest son, and the youngest but two. 我是最小的儿子,但是我还有两个妹妹. 6.The picture flattered her. 她比较上照. 7.The country not agreeing with her, she returned to England. 她杂那个国家水土不服,所以回到了英国. 8. He is a walking skeleton. 他很瘦. 9.The machine is in repair. 机器已经修好了. 10.He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty.
他让法官的职责战胜了父子的亲情，最终宣布儿子有罪. 11.You don't know what you are talking about. 你在胡说八道. 12.You don't begin to understand what they mean. 你根本不知道他们在干嘛. don't begin ：决不 13.They didn't praise him slightly. 他们大大地表扬了他. 14.That's all I want to hear. 我已经听够了. 15.I wish I could bring you to see my point. 你要我怎么说你才能明白呢. 16.You really flatter me. 你让我受宠若惊. 17.He made a great difference. 有他没他结果完全不一样. 18.You cannot give him too much money. 你给他再多的钱也不算多. 19.The long exhausting trip proved too much. 这次旅行矿日持久,我们都累倒了. 20.The monk is only not a dead man. 这个和尚虽然活着,但跟死了差不多. 21.A surgeon made a cut in the patient's stomach.
电气工程专业英语词汇汇总(综合版)
电气工程师专业英语词汇汇总 10kV distribution substation 10kV配电所abrupt change of voltage 电压突变accumulation of electric energy 电能存储actuating coil 动作线圈adjustment diagram 调整图 alarm 报警 alarm signal 报警信号alternating light 变光灯 ammeter 电流表 apparent energy consumption unit 单位视在能耗 arc furnace 电弧炉 armature 电枢 arrester; lighting arrester; surge diverters 避雷器 automatic voltage regulator 电压自动调整器backlighting; background illumination 背景照明 battery box 电池箱 battery charger 电池充电器battery contactor 电池接触器battery fuse 电池保险丝battery resistor 电池电阻器 blow-out coil 磁吹线圈 boom 吊杆 bracket (OCS) 底座（接触网）； 支架；托架bracket for headspan wire 定位索底座bridge 电桥 brush 电刷 built-in wardrobe; built-in closet; closet 壁灯 bulb; light(lamp) bulb; electric bulb 灯泡 butterfly valve with electric actuator 电动蝶阀 button 电钮 cable and accessories 电缆及附件 cable armour 电缆铠装 cable bays 电缆电线间隔cable box 电缆箱 cable bracket; cable tray 电缆托架 cable continuity test 电路复测 cable differential protection 电缆差动保护
测绘专业英语原文和部分翻译(1-39)
Table of Contents Uuit 1 What is Geomatics? （什么是测绘学） (2) Unit 2 Geodetic Surveying and Plane Surveying（大地测量与平面测量） (6) Unit 3 Distance Measurement（距离测量） (10) Unit 4 Angle and Direction Measurement（角度和方向测量） (14) Unit 5 Traversing （导线测量） (17) Unit 6 Methods of Elevation Determination（高程测量方法） (21) Unit 7 Robotic Total Station （智能型全站仪） (25) Unit 8 Errors in Measurement（测量工作中的误差） (29) Unit 9 Basic Statistical Analysis of Random Errors (32) Unit 10 Accuracy and Precision （准确度和精度） (35) Unit 11 Least-Squares Adjustment (38) Unit 12 Geodesy Concepts (40) Unit 13 Geoid and Reference Ellipsoid (42) Unit 14 Datums, Coordinates and Conversions (44) Unit 15 Map Projection (46) Unit 16 Gravity Measurment (48) Unit 17 Optimal Design of Geomatics Network (50) Unit 18 Construction Layout （施工放样） (53) Unit 19 Deformation Monitoring of Engineering Struvture (56) Unit 20 Understan ding the GPS（认识GPS） (59) Uuit 21 Understanding the GPS (II) 认识GPS(II) (62) Unit 22 Competition in Space Orbit（太空轨道上的竞争） (64) Unit 23 GIS Basics（GIS 的基础） (69) Unit 24 Data Types and Models in GIS GIS中的数据类型和模型 (75) Unit 25 Digital Terrain Modeling（数字地面模型） (79) Unit 26 Applications of GIS (83) Unit 27 Developments of photogrammetry (87) Unit 28 Fundamentals of Remote Sensing （遥感的基础） (90) Unit 29 Digital Image Processing and Its Applications in RS (94) Unit 30 Airborne Laser Mapping Technology（机载激光测图技术） (99) Unit 31 Interferometric SAR(InSAR) (102) Unit 32 Brief Introduction toApplied Geophysics (104) Unit 33 Origon of Induced Polarization (105) Unit 34 International Geoscience Organization (108) Unit 35 Prestigious Journals in Geomatics (110) Unit 36 Relevant Surveying Instrument Companies (115) Unit 37 Expression of Simple Equations and Scientific Formulsa (116) Unit 38 Professional English Paper Writing (119) Unit 39 Translation Techniques for EST (127)