听力教程第三册答案UNIT10

Unit 10

Section One Tactics for Listening

Part 1 Spot Dictation

Do You Risk Enough to Succeed?

During the semi-finals of the 1990 Wimbledon(1)tennis tournament, 16-year-old Yugoslav Monica Seles faced American Zina Garriaon. As the match (2) proceeded, it became clear that Seles’s most formidable (3) opponent was not Garrison but herself.

“The match wa s so close,” said a crestfallen Seles afterward. “I was going for the (4)safe shots. Even on Zina’s second serve I was (5) scared to hit the ball for winners.”

When things get (6) tough, conventional wisdom tell us to (7) play it safe, to pull in your horns.Consequently, rather than performing to (8) our potential, we concentrate on minimizing our losers. The results can be (9) catastrophic.

If you find yourself shying away from (10) risks, these five tips will help you (10) tap into the adventurous spirit buried in us all.

1. Take (11) dreams seriously.

2. Take it in little steps . When starting something new, (12) figure out a first step and make it one you are reasonably sure of (13) accomplishing.

3. Don’t say “don’t”, The Don’ts, a form of (14) negative goal setting, can be self-fulfilling because your mind (15) responds to pictures.

4. Make your own (16) rules.

5. Learn from your mistakes.

By (17)embracing risk, you will accomplish more than you (18)ever thought you could. In the process you will (19) transform your life into an exciting adventure that will constantly challenge, reward and (20) rejuvenate you.

Part 2 listening for Gist

It'll be a dull day, with outbreaks of rain. There may be some heavy showers in the south-west later, with perhaps the odd thunderstorm. The outlook for tomorrow: continuing dull, but there should be some breaks in the cloud by midday. It'll be quite warm, with a maximum temperature of about 16 to 17 degrees.

Exercise

Directions: Listen to the passage and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.

1. This passage is about a weather forecast.

2. The key words are rain. showers. thunderstorm. outlook. maximum temperature.

Section Two Listening Comprehension

Part 1 Dialogue

Adulthood

Interviewer: OK, Bruce, Ur, why is the late twenties better than, say, earlier twenties?

Bruce: Ur, I think that when you’re in your, in the early twenties, you’re just getting over, um, teenage adolescent years, so now I think in the late

twenties you kinda know a direction but, um, the early twenties are just

too… you just kinda remember too many things of the teenage years

and you're still trying to get a plan. But in the twenties, late twenties,

you kind of know what you wanna do and you kind of have an idea of,

of how to get it. And you know how to settle down, too. You can see a

plan for getting things and also settling down.

Interviewer: Hmm, um, is there a time in your life that you think you would call the most difficult time?

Bruce: Probably the teenage years, like fourteen, fifteen ...

Interviewer: Yeah?

Bruce: Sixteen.

Interviewer: The mid teens.

Bruce: Yeah, I think the mid teens were the worst.

Interviewer: So, Julie, why would you like to be a little girl again?

Julie: Um, I think, uh, I think lately because the age I'm at now, I feel, is kind of a stressful age.

Interviewer: Huh.

Julie: When you're, when you're younger, you don't have as many worries and responsibilities.

Interviewer: Yeah.

Julie: You don't have all the stresses of life as an adult. I think at the age I'm at now, when you get out of college and you need to find a job... Interviewer: Uh-huh.

Julie: And I'm single and I can't depend on my parents anymore...

Interviewer: Uh-huh.

Julie: And I have new responsibilities - just trying to get used to having new responsibilities and also figure out what I wanna do - there's lots of

decisions.

Interviewer: Uh-huh.

Julie: I don't always know what the best thing to do is. Um, those are things that I need to learn.

Interviewer: Yeah.

Julie: Yeah.

Interviewer: So, Ann, why was being in your thirties good?

Ann: Because in your thirties you pretty much know what you like and what you don't like，and you're kind of settled into life. And, at least for me,

that was a really good time. Actually, now that my sons are married and,

and they're independent...

Interviewer: Uh-huh.

Ann: When I come to, come to think about it, I probably do more interesting things now for myself than I did when I was in my thirties ... Interviewer: Huh! For example...

Ann: Well, now I'm playing in an orchestra, which I would never've had time to do when the boys were little and, urn, and I, ur, read a lot more than I

did..

Interviewer: Do you and your husband go out more?

Ann: Ha! We do! We do. We go out to movies, and we go out to dinner, and we hope to be able to travel!

Exercise

Directions: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following

statements are true (T) or false (F).

l.T 2. T 3. T 4. T 5.T 6. F 7. T 8.T

Part 2 Passage

Social Security

1)Social Security is a logical place to start answering the question: Can we

afford to continue this trend of retiring ever earlier and living longer?

2)It highlights the coming deficits in a system on which so many Americans

depend for at least a part of their livelihood during retirement.

3)The Social Security system now covers workers, disabled persons, and the

dependents of each, and the system also adjusts benefits for inflation

annually.

4)In simple terms, if the number of those paying into the fund drops as the

number of those drawing from it rises, an imbalance is sure to develop in the future.

5)Since none of these options is politically palatable, it remains to be seen

which will be implemented - most likely some combination of the two.

The Social Security system in the US is a major source of retirement income for many. Thus Social Security is a logical place to start answering the question: Can we afford to continue this trend of retiring ever earlier and living longer?

The Social Security Administration projected income and expense for the Social Security fund from 2000 to 2050. The figures for both income-tax revenues and benefits paid out are sobering*. It highlights the coming deficits in a system on which so many Americans depend for at least a part of their livelihood during retirement.

The gap between revenue and expense arises because of demographic shifts. The aging of the Baby Boomers and life-extending medical advances combine to create an imbalance in the Social Security system as designed.

The system was established in 1935 and was intended as an insurance policy against a poverty-ridden old age, a not uncommon fate for the elderly during the first decades of the 20th century.

The Social Security system has been expanded many times since its inception*. It now covers workers, disabled persons, and the dependents of each. The system also adjusts benefits for inflation annually.

In the 1930s, life expectancy in the US was 59.7 years; many people never reached the age of retirement. In 2001, life expectancy was 77.6 years; most people today live for quite a while on Golden Pond*. We're living longer and drawing from the Social Security fund for more years with each passing generation. The declining age of retirement only exacerbates* this trend.

In simple terms, if the number of those paying into the fund drops as the number of those drawing from it rises, an imbalance is sure to develop in the future.

Barring any restructuring of the system beforehand, Social Security expenses will exceed revenues in the year 2015. At that point the system will begin to use reserves to meet its obligations. According to the Social Security Administration estimates, these reserves will carry the system through the mid-2030s. At that point, if not sooner, one of two things will need to be done: (1) The Social Security tax rate will need to be increased, or (2) Benefits paid out wij1 need to be reduced. The second solution may involve extending the retirement age to 70 or an even older age. Since none of these options is

politically palatable (the elderly have the highest voting rate), it remains to be seen which will be implemented - most likely some combination of the two.

Since 3 out of every 10 Americans aged 65 or older depend on Social Security payments for 90% or more of their income (and 3 out of 5 depend on Social Security for 50% or more of their income) we must ask an important question: Are those of us now in our 30s and 40s planning on an alternative or supplemental retirement income?

Exercise A Pre-listening Question

Actually, it is a government scheme that provides economic assistance to those people faced with sickness, unemployment, maternity and retirement, etc. In this case, the cost is paid entirely out of taxation. If the cost is met wholly or partly from contributions paid by employers to the state, the scheme is usually called national insurance.

Exercise B Sentence Dictation

Directions: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.

Exercise C Detailed Listening

Directions: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.

l.B 2.A 3.D 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. B

Exercise D After-listening Discussion

Directions: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.

The gap between revenues and expenses arises because of demographic shifts. The aging of the Baby Boomers and life-extending medical advances combine to create an imbalance in the Social Security system as designed. Social Security expenses will exceed revenues in the year 2015. At that point the system will begin to use reserves to meet its obligations. According to the Social Security Administration estimates, these reserves will carry the system through the

mid-2030s.

2. (Open)

Section Three News

News Item 1

Aid to African Countries

UNCTAD's press release begins with these words: Doubling the current amount of aid to African countries could end their aid dependence within a decade. The report contends that massive aid could spur rapid and sustained economic growth that could yield the domestic savings and foreign investment that would gradually supplant foreign assistance.

One of the report's authors is University of Bologna (Italy) economist Jan Kregel. He says donor countries have the choice, boost their aid budgets or face

chronic humanitarian crises:

"The only way that you are going to escape from persistent and repeated cause for emergency and urgent aid transfers to these countries is by making a decision now to increase development assistance and in an amount which is sufficient to place these economies on a self-sustaining growth path."

Exercise A

Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.

This news item is about UNCTAD's report that says the best way to revive economic growth in African countries is for donor countries to double their aid to the region.

Exercise B

Directions: Listen to the news again and answer the following questions.

I. Massive aid could spur rapid and sustained economic growth.

2)Sustained economic growth could yield the domestic savings and foreign

investment.

3)Yes, the domestic savings and foreign investment would gradually supplant

foreign assistance.

4)Donor countries have the choice of either boosting their aid budgets or facing

chronic humanitarian crises.

5)A decision ought to be made now to increase development assistance and in an

amount which is sufficient to place these economies on a self-sustaining

growth path.

News Item 2

German Economy

German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder has proposed wide-ranging reforms in an effort to overcome his nation's economic crisis. Germany has Europe's biggest economy but has suffered from stagnant* growth, high unemployment, and large deficits.

In a speech to parliament, the German leader proposed cuts in unemployment benefits, said he would ease firing rules and also threatened to limit the power of labor unions to establish industry-wide wage contracts.

Mr Schroeder proposes shortening the time unemployed workers are entitled to full jobless benefits and he wants to reduce welfare payments. He also proposes allowing small businesses to hire short-term workers, without the safeguards that make it hard for German companies to fire employees in an economic slowdown. Analysts say the aim is to lower the cost of German labor, which is among the most expensive in the world and contributes to high unemployment.

Exercise A

Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.

This news item is about the wide-ranging reforms that German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder has proposed to overcome his nation's economic crisis.

Exercise B

Directions: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage.

Mr. Schroeder proposes shortening the time unemployed workers are entitled to full jobless benefits and he wants to reduce welfare payments. He also proposes allowing small businesses to hire short-term workers, without the safeguards that make it hard for German companies to fire employees in an economic slow down. Analysts say the aim is to lower the cost of German labor, which is among the most expensive in the world and contributes to high unemployment.

News Item 3

Worries About European Environment

Two international agencies are warning that significant improvements made to Europe's environment during the past few years could be lost if economic growth continues to be based on traditional, environmentally damaging activities.

The UN Economic Commission for Europe and the European Environment

Agency say much of the continent's environmental improvement is due to measures to limit pollution or as a result of economic restructuring.

A report by the European Environment Agency finds greenhouse gas emissions, ozone depleting substances, and heavy metal discharges to water have been reduced in recent years, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asian states.

Agency head Gordon McInnes says while this is good news, these gains could be lost if economic growth does not become more eco-efficient. He says increases in traffic, energy consumption, and soil erosion threaten Europe's environment.

Mr. McInnes also says there are growing amounts of waste and hazardous material disposal.

Exercise A

Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.

This news item is about improvements made to the Continent's environment. which could be lost if economic growth does not become more eco-efficient.

Exercise B

Directions: Listen to the news again and complete the following memo with the details you grab.

A Report by the European Environment Agency

1)Name of the agency: The European Environment Agency

2)Environmental improvement: Greenhouse gas emissions. ozone depleting

substances. and heavy metal discharges to water have been reduced.

3)Reasons for the improvement: Measures to limit pollution or economic

restructuring

4)Potential threats: Increases in traffic, energy consumption. soil erosion,

growing amounts of waste and hazardous material disposal

Section Four Supplementary Exercises

Part 1 Feature Report

US Unemployment

The number of US workers filing for* unemployment benefits has reached its highest level so far this year. The Labor Department reports that jobless claims went up to 430 thousand for the week ending March first, bringing the four-week average to its highest level this year as well. Economists had expected the claims to go down.

As the US economy continues to struggle, people across the country are

feeling the pinch.

The Bush Administration has offered proposals to jumpstart the economy ... Democratic leaders have offered a counter plan. Congress is considering both.

But for now, the more than 8 million Americans who are unemployed see little

improvement on the horizon.

Every Friday, as many Atlanta-area residents head to work, a group of

unemployed people get together at a small restaurant north of the city for a

networking and support meeting. Over the past year the crowd has grown

substantially. Now it often draws more than 150 people. Those in the group come

from a wide range of economic brackets. Some were making $30,000 a year in

their last jobs. Others, like Holly Fields, were making more than $130,000. She

lost her job as vice president of a software company a year ago:

"I have lost my job on several occasions to reductions in force, and the

longest I've gone is 6 months. This has been the worst economy I've ever seen,

and the highest demand for specific skill to fill a role."

The last company she worked for couldn't stay in business after the

,2001 terrorist attacks. And things are particularly difficult in the September 11

technology sector, due to the collapse of many dot-com companies. Gary Hulsey

lost a job doing technical support last November. He hasn't been able to find

anything computer-related since then. So he's looking at other areas:

"I'm looking at education, possibly teaching where a certificate is not

required. Various things. And everything seems to be pretty tight."

Mr Hulsey is among the many jobseekers willing to work for a fraction of

their previous salaries. Even so, they remain unemployed. President Bush has

called job growth the chief domestic concern and lawmakers in Congress are

weighing plans to improve the economy. But some jobless Americans, like Burt Nagy, feel the government simply isn't doing enough:

"I think the focus in Washington is on the war in Iraq, North Korea, foreign policy, certainly not on the internal affairs of the country, the unemployment area."

Most state government provide 26 weeks of unemployment benefits for those who have lost their jobs. The weekly checks provide some percentage of what they were making before. Congress passed a plan to extend unemployment benefits for an additional 13 weeks. Benjamin Pittman who has a doctorate degree in human resource development was among those celebrating that move: “I mean it’s not a lot of money; it’s only $1,000 a month. But it’s still $1,000 a month (laugh).

You know, it’ll keep me from having to do a lot of other things which I really don’t want to do.”

Exercise A

Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.

This news item is about the depression of US economy and the extension of the unemployment benefits.

Exercise B

Directions: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Discuss with your classmates why you think the

statement is true or false.

F 1 The number of US workers filing for unemployment benefit has reached its

lowest level so far this year.

(The number of US workers filing for unemployment benefits has reached its highest level so far this year.)

F 2 As economists had expected, jobless claims went down to 430 thousand for

the week ending March.

(The Labor Department reports that jobless claims went up to 430 thousand for the week ending March--- economists had expected the claims to go

down.)

F 3 Both the Bush Administration and Democratic leaders have offered

proposals to jumpstart the economy.

(The Bush Administration has offered proposals to jumpstart the economy…Democratic leader have offered a counter plan)

F 4 Over 7 million unemployed Americans see little improvement on the

horizon.

(…the more than 8 million unemployed Americans see little improvement on the horizon.)

T 5 Due to the collapse of many dot-com companies, engineers working in computer-related fields became jobless.

( And things are particularly difficult in the technology sectors, due to the

collapse of many dot-com companies.)

T 6 Many job seekers lower down their salary expectations but still remain jobless.

( Mr Hulsey is among the many jobseekers willing to work for a fraction of their previous salaries. Even so, they remain unemployed.)

T 7 People complained that the government focused on the war in Iraq, North Korea, foreign policy rather than the internal affairs of the country.

(I think the focus in Washington is on the war in Iraq, North Korea, foreign policy, certainly not on the internal affairs of the country, the unemployment area.)

T 8 Congress passed a plan to extend unemployment benefits for an additional 13 weeks.

Part 2 Passages

Illegal Gambli gn

1. There are now lotteries in 37 states; 28 states have authorized casino gambling and 43 have pari-mutuel betting.

2. Internet gambling, although illegal, goes on under the noses of authorities. The activity seemed to blossom with the rise of the Internet.

3. A study, conducted by analysts from NGISC, confirmed that revenues had doubled in a one-year period, from $445.4 million in 1997 to $919.1 million in 1998.

4. You risk losing your shirt, of course, the minute you sit down at a blackjack table in Las Vegas, but the large, legal casinos have rules they must enforce.

5. On-line betting could usher in a new generation of point-shaving scandals that affected the basketball programs at Northwestern University and Arizona State University.

The revenues generated by legal gambling grew to more than $60 billion in 2000. Revenues have increased over 1,000% since 1976. There are now lotteries in 37 states; 28 states have authorized casino gambling and 43 have pari-mutuel betting. According to the National Gambling Impact Study Commission (NGISC), a legal wager* may be placed in every state but Utah*, Tennessee*, and Hawaii *.

Internet gambling, although illegal, goes on under the noses of authorities. The activity seemed to blossom with the rise of the Internet. In May of 1998, according to the study, there were approximately 90 on-line casinos, 39 lotteries, 8 bingo* games, and 53 sports books. One year later, there were over 250 on-line casinos, 64 lotteries, 20 bingo games, and 139 sports books.

The industry is profitable. The revenues for Internet gambling more than doubled from 1998 to 1999. A study, conducted by analysts from NGISC, confirmed that revenues had doubled in a one-year period, from $445.4 million in 1997 to $919.1 million in 1998. Most of these Internet sites are based outside of the US. This means that they are beyond the reach of the authorities. In

recognition of the problem, the House of Representatives passed legislation to make Internet gambling a federal crime. However, the bill has not yet reached the Senate.

The real issues are control and accountability. You risk losing your shirt, of course, the minute you sit down at a blackjack* table in Las Vegas, but the large, legal casinos have rules they must enforce. They also "know their customers".

On the Internet, of course, anonymity rules. Just how many players are out there? By one count, an estimated 2 million players try their luck at more than 1,000 virtual casinos. An estimated $3.5 billion in bets will be lost this year.

There are many stories in the media of uncontrollable addictions. Debi Baptiste, a 40-year-old executive secretary, lost thousands of dollars playing video poker at a bar near the family home. The family moved to California for a fresh start and purchased a computer. Debi lost $50,000 gambling on illegal offshore sites. Her husband John changed the password on the computer. Debi started staying late at work to use her office computer to gamble. The family snapped under the pressures and Debi committed suicide. In an article in the Business Week her husband said: "When I brought a computer into my house I had no idea I also brought a slot machine into my house."

Sports wagering is another form of illegal gambling. Betting on sporting events was banned in 1992 under the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act. It is legal only in Nevada*. The potential size of the shadow industry is astonishing: NGISC estimates that a minimum of $80 billion in illegal

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