2016年6月大学英语四级真题及答案解析
2016年6月大学英语四级考试
真题及参考答案
Part ⅡListening Comprehension
（听力部分共有两套）
四级第一套
Section A
1. C) Rising unemployment worldwide.
2. A) Many countries have not taken measures to create enough jobs.
3. B) Put calorie information on the menu.
4. A) They will be fined.C) They will get a warning.
5. D) Failure to integrate innovation into their business.
6. B) It is the creation of something new.
7. C) Its innovation culture.
Section B
8. D) He does not talk long on the phone.
9.B) Talk at length.
10. A) He thought it was cool.
11. C) It is childish and unprofessional.
12. B) He is unhappy with his department manager.
13. A) His workload was much too heavy.
14. C) His boss has a lot of trust in him.
15. D) Talk to his boss in person first.
Section C
16. A) The importance of sleep to a healthy life.
17. C) They get less and less sleep.
18. D) Their blood pressure will rise.
19. B) What course you are going to choose.
20. D) The personal statement.
21. C) Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject.
22. B) It was built in the late 19th century.
23. D) They often broke down.
24. A) They were produced on the assembly line.
25. C) It marked a new era in motor travel.
Section A
1. C) Why sufficient sleep is important for college students.
2. C) Making last-minute preparations for tests may be less effective than sleeping.
3. B) Whether the British irports Authority should sell off some of its assets.
4. D) Lack of runway and terminal capacity.
5. D) Report the nicotine content of their cigarettes.
6. A) The biggest increase in nicotine content tended to be in brands young smokers like.
7. B) They were not prepared to comment on the cigarette study.
Section B
8. A) Holland.
9. D) Learning a language where it is not spoken.
10. C) Trying to speak it as much as one can.
11. A) It provides opportunities for language practice.
12. B) Rules and regulations for driving.
13.C) Make cars that are less powerful.
14. D) They tend to drive responsibly.
15. C) It is not useful.
Section C
16. D) The card reader failed to do the scanning.
17. B) By covering the credit card with a layer of plastic.
18. A) Produce many low-tech fixes for high-tech failures.
19. A) They vary among different departments.
20.D) By contacting the deparmental office.
21. B) They specify the number of credits students must earn.
22. C) Students in health classes.
23. A) Its overemphasis on thinness.
24. B) To explain how computer images can be misleading.
25. C) To promote her own concept of beauty.
Part ⅢReading Comprehension
四级第一套
Section A
26.O) tend
28.L) performance
29.K) particularly
30.N) survive
31.E) dropping
32.J) mutually
33.H) flow
34.F) essential
35.I) mood
Section B
36.E）“We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,”said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don't families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can't?
37.L）Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don't have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy,”Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.
38.B）Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype (固定看法)？Can doing one's homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.
39.H）An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living (even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can't just say, ‘Let's put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,’”Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.”
40.N）The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.
41.J）As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk，announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the
one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones.(More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)
42.F）In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.
43.C）I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care，let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.
44.I）Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility's type, size or age; whether a chain owned it; how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents' physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were there.
45.G）But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents' responses. “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status,”Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.
Section C
46. C) It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.
47.D) They are ill-bred.
48. C) By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.
49. B) Stop to seek advice from a human being.
50. A) Determine what is moral and ethical.
51. A) to see whether people's personality affects their life span
52. D) They are more likely to get over hardship.
53. C) Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.
54. D) Mothers' negative personality characteristics may affect their children's life span.
55. B) Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.
四级第二套
Section A
26.G) growing
27.A) dependent
28.C) fast
29.F) give
30.H) launch
31.N) successful
32.I) policyl
33.B) designed
34.O) treatments
35.E) gained
Section B
36.D)As we begin to examine our life, Soupios says, we come to Rule No. 2: Worry only about things that you can control. “The individual who promoted this idea was a Stoic philosopher. His name is Epictetus,”he says. “And what the Stoics say in general is simply this: There is a larger plan in life. You are not really going to be able to understand all of the dimensions of this plan. You are not going to be able to control the dimensions of this plan.”
37.B)The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless, says Soupios. The philosophy professor says it is as relevant today as when it was first written many centuries ago. “There is no expiration (失效) date on wisdom,”he says. “There is no shelf life on intelligence. I think that things have become very gloomy these days, lots of misunderstanding, misleading cues, a lot of what the ancients would have called sophistry (诡辩). The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole, in a way that we tend not to see life today.”
38.F)To have a meaningful, happy life we need friends. But according to Aristotle—a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great—most relationships don't qualify as true friendships. “Just because I have a business relationship with an individual and I can profit from that relationship, it does not necessarily mean that this person is my friend,”Soupios says. “Real friendship is when two individuals share the same soul. It is a beautiful and uncharacteristically poetic image that Aristotle offers.”
39.A) Is it possible to enjoy a peaceful life in a world that is increasingly challenged by threats and uncertainties from wars, terrorism, economic crises and a widespread outbreak of infectious diseases? The answer is yes, according to a new book The 10 Golden Rules: Ancient Wisdom from the Greek Philosophers on Living a Good Life. The book is co-authored by Long Island University's philosophy professor Michael Soupios and economics professor PanosMourdoukoutas.
40.L)“This is Aesop, the fabulist (寓言家), the man of these charming little tales, often told in terms of animals and animal relationships,”he says. “I think what Aesop was suggesting is that when you offer a good turn to another human being, one can hope that that good deed will come back and sort of pay a profit to you, the doer of the good deed. Even if there is no concrete benefit paid in response to your good deed, at the very least, the doer of the good deed has the opportunity to enjoy a kind of spiritually enlightened moment.”
41.H)“This was the highest and most desirable form of pleasure and happiness for the ancient Epicureans,”Soupios says. “This is something that is very much well worth considering here in the modern era. I do not think that we spend nearly enough time trying to concentrate on achieving a sort of calmness, a sort of contentment in a mental and spiritual way, which was identified by these people as the highest form of happiness and pleasure.”
42.C)Soupios, along with his co-author PanosMourdoukoutas, developed their 10 golden rules by turning to the men behind that philosophy—Aristotle, Socrates, Epictetus and Pythagoras, among others. The first rule—examine your life—is the common thread that runs through the entire book. Soupios says that it is based on Plato's observation that the unexamined life is not worth living. “The Greeks are always concerned about boxing themselves in, in terms of convictions (信念),”he says. “So take a step back, switch off the automatic pilot and actually stop and reflect about things like our priorities, our values, and our relationships.”
43.K)Instead, Soupios says, ancient wisdom urges us to do good. Golden Rule No. 10 for a good life is that kindness toward others tends to be rewarded.
44.B)The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless, says Soupios. The philosophy professor says it is as relevant today as when it was first written many centuries ago. “There is no expiration (失效) date on wisdom,”he says. “There is no shelf life on intelligence. I think that things have become very gloomy these days, lots of misunderstanding, misleading cues, a lot of what the ancients would have called sophistry (诡辩). The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole, in a way that we tend not to see life today.”
45.J)“This is Hesiod, of course, a younger contemporary poet, we believe, with Homer,”Soupios says. “Hesiod offers an idea—which you very often find in some of the world's great religions, in the Judeo-Christian tradition and in Islam and others—that in some sense, when you hurt another human being, you hurt yourself. That damaging other people in your community and in your life, trashing relationships, results in a kind of self-inflicted (自己招致的) spiritual wound.”
Section C
46. D) It usually draws different reactions from different age groups.
47. A) It does not seem to create a generational divide.
48. B) It helps with their mobility.
49. A) The location of their residence.
50. C) The wealthy.
51. C) Their daily routine followed the rhythm of the natural cycle.
52. B) It brought family members closer to each other.
53. D) Pace of life.
54. B) It is varied, abundant and nutritious.
55. A) They enjoyed cooking as well as eating.
四级第三套
Section A
26.M) provide
27.A) abandoned
28.I) frequent
29.L) merely
30.C) biased
31.G) dependent
32.F) dampens
33.E) commitment
34.N) understandably
35.O) unrealistically
Section B
36.［F］In contrast, the recent surge in world grain prices is trend-driven, making it unlikely to reverse without a reversal in the trends themselves. On the demand side, those trends include the ongoing addition of more than 70 million people a year, a growing number of people wanting to move up the food chain to consume highly grain-intensive meat products, and the massive diversion （转向）of U.S. grain to the production of bio-fuel.
37.［K］In response to those restrictions, grain-importing countries are trying to nail down long-term trade agreements that would lock up future grain supplies. Food-import anxiety is even leading to new efforts by food-importing countries to buy or lease farmland in other countries. In spite of such temporary measures, soaring food prices and spreading hunger in many other countries are beginning to break down the social order.
38.［C］As demand for food rises faster than supplies are growing, the resulting food-price inflation puts severe stress on the governments of many countries. Unable to buy grain or grow their own, hungry people take to the streets. Indeed, even before the steep climb in grain prices in 2008, the number of failing states was expanding. If the food situation continues to worsen, entire nations will break down at an ever increasing rate. In the 20th century the main threat to international security was superpower conflict; today it is failing states.
39.［L］Since the current world food shortage is trend-driven, the environmental trends that cause it must be reversed. We must cut carbon emissions by 80% from their 2006 levels by 2020, stabilize the world's population at eight billion by 2040, completely remove poverty, and restore forests and soils. There is nothing new about the four objectives. Indeed, we have made substantial progress in some parts of the world on at least one of these—the distribution of family-planning services and the associated shift to smaller families
40.［B］I can no longer ignore that risk. Our continuing failure to deal with the environmental declines that are undermining the world food economy forces me to conclude that such a collapse is possible.
41.［H］What about supply? The three environmental trends—the shortage of fresh water, the loss of topsoil and the rising temperatures—are making it increasingly hard to expand the world's grain supply fast enough to keep up with demand. Of all those trends, however, the spread of water shortages poses the most immediate threat. The biggest challenge here is in irrigation, which consumes 70% of the world's fresh water. Millions of irrigation wells in many countries are now pumping water out of underground sources faster than rainfall can refill them. The result is falling water tables （地下水位）in countries with half the world's people, including the three big grain producers—China, India and the U.S.
42.［M］For many in the development community, the four objectives were seen as positive, promoting development as long as they did not cost too much. Others saw them as politically correct and morally appropriate. Now a third and far more significant motivation presents itself: meeting these goals may be necessary to prevent the collapse of our civilization. Yet the cost we project for saving civilization would amount to less than $200 billion a year, 1/6 of current global military spending. In effect, our plan is the new security budget.
43.［J］As the world's food security falls to pieces, individual countries acting in their own self-interest are actually worsening the troubles of many. The trend began in 2007, when leading wheat-exporting countries such as Russia and Argentina limited or banned their exports, in hopes of increasing local food supplies and thereby bringing down domestic food prices. Vietnam banned its exports for several months for the same reason. Such moves may eliminate the fears of those living in the exporting countries, but they are creating panic in importing countries that must rely on what is then left for export.
44.［L］Since the current world food shortage is trend-driven, the environmental trends that cause it must be reversed. We must cut carbon emissions by 80% from their 2006 levels by 2020, stabilize the world's population at eight billion by 2040, completely remove poverty, and restore forests and soils. There is nothing new about the four objectives. Indeed, we have made substantial progress in some parts of the world on at least one of these—the distribution of family-planning services and the associated shift to smaller families.
45.［G］As incomes rise among low-income consumers, the potential for further grain consumption is huge. But that potential pales beside the never-ending demand for crop-based
fuels. A fourth of this year's U.S. grain harvest will go to fuel cars.
Section C
46. B) It weakens in one's later years.
47. D) Some of them begin to decline when people are still young.
48. C) They function quite well even in old age.
49. D) can put what they have learnt into more effective use
50. A) find ways to slow down our mental decline
51. C) Scholars and policymakers have different opinions about it.
52. A) Pre-K achievements usually do not last long.
53. B) When it is made part of kids' education.
54. D) She is a firm supporter of pre-K.
55. C) Early intervention.
Part ⅣTranslation
四级第一套
功夫(Kung Fu)是中国武术（martial arts）的俗称。中国武术的起源可以追溯到自卫的需要、狩猎活动以及古代中国的军事训练。它是中国传统体育运动的一种，年轻人和老年人都练。它已逐渐演变成了中国文化的独特元素。作为中国的国宝，功夫有上百种不同的同格，是世界上练得最多的武术形式。有些风格模仿了动物的动作，还有一些则受到了中国哲学思想、神话和传说的启发。
Kung Fu isthe folk name of Chinese martial arts, which can be traced back to the need ofself-defense, hunting, and military drillin ancient China. It is one of the China’s traditional sportspracticed by both the young and the old. It has graduallyevolved into a unique element of the Chinese culture. As anationaltreasure of China, Kung Fu, the most-practiced form of martial arts in the world, enjoys hundreds of various styles. Some styles imitatethe movements ofanimals, while others are inspired by Chinesephilosophical thoughts, myths and legends.
四级第二套
在山东省潍坊市，风筝不仅仅是玩具，而且还是这座城市文化的标志。潍坊以“风筝之都”而闻名，已有将近2,400年放飞风筝的历史。传说中国古代哲学家墨子用了三年时间在潍坊制作了世界上首个风筝，但放飞的第一天风筝就坠落并摔坏了。也有人相信风筝是中国古代木匠鲁班发明的。据说他的风筝用木头和竹子制作，飞了三天后才落地。
In Weifang, Shandong Province, kites are not only toys, but also cultural symbols of this city. Weifang is famous as “the capital of kites”, with a history of nearly 2,400 years in flying kites. Legend has it that Mozi—the ancient Chinese philosopher—spent three years making the first kite of the world right in Weifang, but the kite fell and broke on its first day of flying. It is also
believed that the kite was invented by the ancient Chinese carpenter Luban. It is said that his kite was made of wood and bamboo, and flied for three days before falling on the ground.
四级第三套
乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔。这是一处迷人的地方，有许多古桥、中式旅店和餐馆。在过去一千年里，乌镇的水系和生活方式并未经历多少变化，是一座展现古文明的博物馆。乌镇所有房屋都用石木建造。数百年来，当地人沿着河边建起了住宅和集市。无数宽敞美丽的庭院藏身于屋舍之间，游客们每到一处都会有惊喜的发现。
Wuzhen is an ancient water town in Zhejiang province，which is located by the Grand Canal of Beijing and Hangzhou. With many ancient bridges, Chinese-style hotels and restaurants, it is regarded as charming and attractive. The water system and lifestyle ofWuzhen has hardly changed over the past one thousand years, which is a museum displaying ancient civilizations. All the houses in Wuzhen are built of stone and wood. For hundreds of years，the local people have built houses and fairs along the river. Countless spacious and beautiful courtyards lie among the houses，which brings amazing findings to the tourists arriving there.
Part I Writing
四级第一套
Dear Professor Smith,
I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to you for your unselfish assistance given to me during my preparation for the College Entrance Examination. Without your tremendous support and continuous encouragement, I would have never entered my ideal college.
It goes without saying that it is your enlightening guidance that ushers me into the academic world. Otherwise, I would wander everyday holding no aims in life. For one thing, your care and love made me melt into the whole class, which brought dramatic changes to me. I started to reflect on the true essence of life and set a goal for my study. For another, your help and support in my study unleashed the enormous potential in me which made me readily indulge in the sea of knowledge. Accordingly, I fulfilled my dream.
In a word, my appreciation to you is beyond words. It is really an honor for me to be your student and I will always bear your guidance and scholar spirit in mind. Best wishes!
Yours sincerely,
Derek
四级第二套
Dear Li Ming,
I’m writing this letter to express my deep thanks to you for helping me out when I failed in my first college entrance examination.
It is no exaggeration to say that it was the worst time of my life when I completely lost the
faith in my life and began to abandon myself. Then you came to encourage me not to give up. It was you who convinced me that the failure to college entrance examination should not be the end of my efforts and that I should pull myself together to give myself a second chance; otherwise, I would become a real loser.
Thanks to such a frank friend as you, I restored my confidence, and finally fulfilled my college dream. Thanks again, from the bottom of my heart, my dear friend. Best wishes!
Yours sincerely,
Mary
四级第三套
Dear Dad,
With Father’s Day approaching, I’m writing this letter to give my thanks and love to you for supporting me in serving as a volunteer for teaching in a rural area, which is a memorable achievement in my life.
Firstly of all, thank you for your trust that I can take good care of myself and support for me to do meaningful things, which made the experience possible. Secondly, I’d like to thank you for your encouragement when I was frustrated with the tough living conditions there. What you told me about learning from hardships not only made me ashamed of myself but also inspired me to persist. Last but not least, thank you for your immediate visit at the news that I fell ill during the service. Not until that time did I realize how important I am in your heart.
I became much more mature after this voluntary experience. More importantly, I got to know what a great father I have. Thank you for teaching me to grow up. Love you!
Yours,
Sweetheart