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外文翻译译文
外文翻译译文

杭州电子科技大学

毕业设计(论文)外文文献翻译

毕业设计(论文)题目金华公共自行车管理信息系统分析与设计翻译题目运输署绿色环保的挑战

学院管理学院

专业信息管理与信息系统

姓名葛晓睿

班级06031311

学号06030087

指导教师曾鸣

运输署绿色环保的挑战1

VELO自行车共享计划

目录

VELO自行车共享计划

目标

背景

系统实例

区域范围内的VELO

成长管理和运输

社区卫生和环境

区域创新

VELO的市场营销

SWOT分析

系统规范

一种自行车全系统网络

对公共交通的一种个人方法

一种以站为基础的方法

1.可预见性

2.最大化流通

3.简单的成本和基础设施

4.通用,舒适,可识别的自行车

5.一个会员卡激活自动化系统

定价计划

促销宣传

管理

安装启用

1.研究与开发

2.试点方案

3.监测与评估试点方案

4.全系统实施

参考文献

1Ben Clare, Jeremy Finkleman, Matthew Lee. University of Waterloo, Faculty of Environmental Studies, School of Planning, January 25, 2008.

方便可行的绿色主动的

VELO是一种创新,高科技自行车共享网络,专为短距离滑铁卢地区旅行。该系统符合成本效益,并将成为该地区的交通运输网络的重要组成部分。VELO旨在重新概念化在该地区内的角色和骑自行车的性质,创造一个方便的以站为基础的系统,允许用户借用自行车,免费的,用于点到点的运输。

VELO自行车将是一种简单而有效运输模式,积极的维护环境的可持续发展。这将有助于增加滑铁卢地区的现有的和拟建的公共交通网络的生存能力,通过提供更多的主要在城市及附近活动中心的短距离汽车替代品。

目标

VELO的目标要求,旨在满足公共交通的三个基本组成部分。它必须提供:(一)经济上可行的以及可以达到最佳水平的产品(2)社会的需要(3)个人的需要。这三个因素必须对同时存在,方案才具有可行性,成功最终取决于它是否有能力满足个人的兴趣。

背景

系统实例

有很多大规模的自动化自行车共享计划在北美没有实质的例子。然而,像VELO 系统已被广泛应用在欧洲的许多城市。巴塞罗那,西班牙,法国巴黎,法国最近都获得这样的系统,其中的50个欧洲城市现拥有先进的自行车共享网络[4]。

巴塞罗纳

巴塞罗纳的脚踏车与直辖市和清晰频道通信公司以伙伴关系运作[6]。它的使用数字清晰地表明脚踏车成功。截至2007年11月该系统已被使用2,750,000次自2007年3月成立以来。当系统打开,它形成了100个站点和1500辆自行车。到2008年春季,预计该系统将增长到400个站点和6000自行车,使脚踏车覆盖大约70%的城市面积。

Bicing是一个以周会员或年会员为基础的系统。如VELO,其职能是一种成熟的定价计划。第一个半小时免费,随后半小时的间隔价格非常低廉,为€0.30。为了最大限度地发挥自行车循环流通,采取了价格政策――两个小时的价格率提高到每小时3€,频繁地超过2个小时的会员其会员资格有被取销的危险性。

巴黎

巴黎的Velib系统在2007年7月推出。它具有万台自行车以及分布距离为300米的750个自行车站。自行车站坐落于地铁和RER铁路中转站,有效地连接巴黎与现有的和广泛的快速公交网络Velib。例如像巴塞罗那,自行车自动站只能分配自行车给已注册的会员。会员资格是非常低廉的,是在每个年度(€29)出售,每星期(€5),

天(€1)基础。也像巴塞罗那的Bicing,Velib具有速率可最大限度地提高流通。前半小时部分是免费的,第二个半小时的部分费用€1,第三€2,所有额外的半小时的时间段成本为€4。由于该方案受欢迎,Velib计划,极大地扩展其网络,包括20,000辆自行车和1,450自行车自动站。

在北美,为华盛顿特区,费城,和旧金山的大规模自动化自行车共享网络的可行性研究正在广泛进行 [7]。滑铁卢地区的VELO网络将是加拿大的第一个自行车共享系统的规模和范围的重要制度。VELO树立了典型地区的更广泛的创新“精神”,将作为其他加拿大城市感兴趣的可持续和有效的运输,环保替代品,以及健康的生活的例子。

区域范围内的VELO

滑铁卢地区是一个发起VELO自行车计划的理想社会。本节将讨论在该地区内的一些背景因素,有关于成功建立一个高科技,全自动自行车共享计划。

社区卫生和环境

在滑铁卢地区的许多人现在认识到公众的健康和生活质量受城市设计的影响。慢性疾病发病率,如哮喘,肥胖可能与我们的社区设计的方式有一定关系。郊区现有的发展模式大大增加了汽车的依赖性。2005年,在该地区乘汽车的旅行在市中心和郊区分别为68%和86%。过度依赖汽车可以导致不健康的生活方式,如经常开车上下班而不用其他更积极的交通办法[11]。

滑铁卢地区应提供一个平衡的交通选择,鼓励更多的居民选择健康的旅游模式,如散步,骑自行车和使用公共交通工具[11]。这些选择不仅促进了居民健康的生活方式,而且也有助于改善空气质量和减缓气候变化。

VELO将有助于满足整个社会的健康和环境方面的需要,给该地区居民提供一个机会,使用更积极的方式运输,同时鼓励健康的生活方式,降低汽车排放所造成的有害大气污染物的程度。

区域创新

滑铁卢区域创新并不是什么新鲜事。该地区拥有浓厚的创业和发展历史,是许多著名的高科技公司的驻地,包括研究公司Motion(RIM)。VELO将利用本地知识资源,特别是在信息技术,计算机科学,测绘,环境研究,为了发展该地区最具有成本效益和经济可持续的自行车共享计划。

VELO的市场营销

SWOT分析

一个SWOT分析是一种战略规划工具,用来评价内部和外部环境的是否可能影响项目的成功。下表列出了一些优势,弱点,机会,和(SWOT分析)VELO自行车共享计划的威胁。这种分析将有助于指导VELO的营销策略。

目标市场

由于市场中的SWOT分析上述特点,VELO的目标市场将是中学和大专学生人口,预计,这一关键VELO人口将有助于为这家合资企业取得成功,许多研究都表明,大专学生分别有这样的特点:更容易接受新观念和变化;不太可能拥有一辆汽车;比年长的居民更具有环保意识;及更可能要面对预算限制。

VELO提供产品,满足这个巨大的人口运输需求。由于其高得不成比例大学生人数,滑铁卢地区是一个发起这样一个项目的典型地理区域。这个既定的目标市场将是VELO的初步营销战略框架,其中将包括关于该系统的规格参数。这些条件将在下一节讨论。

系统规范

一种自行车全系统网络

想象一下,一个面向公众的交通系统,它提供了行动自由,个性化的路线选择,以及广泛的随时可以离开能力。交通方面的便利通常与私人汽车有关;但是作为个人运输,自行车也可以实现相同的功能。事实上,当距离较短,自行车可以证明是比汽车更有效。

VELO通过采用自行车全系统网络使自行车交通不断循环,旨在最大限度地提高成本和时间效率。通过承认和完善自行车交通福利,VELO将成为一种简单的点到点的自行车,非常方便的,和健康的替代交通方式。VELO的试点方案将从访问滑铁卢地区的14个 VELOstations 的100自行车车队开始。VELOstations将重点围绕滑铁卢的大学和商业中心。

对公共交通的一种个人方法

VELO是提供新的和创新的公共交通方式,同时加入了很多个性化运输计划的最好方面。像传统的公共交通VELO将提供给大多数人。交通单位将不会私自拥有或保持,超级结构将大致确定的系统规范。喜欢个性化的运输,用户可以自主的确定出发时间,目的地,路线,途中停靠,和旅行的时间。基本上,VELO为用户提供了自行车出行的自由而不必承担拥有私家车的责任和相关的费用。

管理

VELO将成为一个非盈利组织由其创始人管理和运营。他们将开发系统的初步方向和监测系统的进程,并且与其用户定期磋商。

在VELO的全面实施前,系统创始人将搜集一些伙伴关系的社区机构和商业机构的数目,为了确保该制度有效运作(潜在的合作伙伴讨论,表4)。一旦实施,VELO 将要考虑到管理结构必须适应系统,合作伙伴,和当地居民的需要。

总结

一旦付诸实施,VELO将彻底改变滑铁卢地区城市交通的状况。 VELO将是加拿大的第一个高科技全自动自行车共享系统。这将为滑铁卢地区的居民提供具有吸引力和便捷的出行选择的廉价的个性化的公共交通。伴随一个包含31 个VELOstation和350辆自行车综合系统,VELO将提供一个积极的,环保的替代运输方式,强调点到点的城市交通。

外文翻译考核表

外文翻译

Load and Ultimate Moment of Prestressed Concrete Action Under Overload-Cracking Load It has been shown that a variation in the external load acting on a prestressed beam results in a change in the location of the pressure line for beams in the elastic range.This is a fundamental principle of prestressed construction.In a normal prestressed beam,this shift in the location of the pressure line continues at a relatively uniform rate,as the external load is increased,to the point where cracks develop in the tension fiber.After the cracking load has been exceeded,the rate of movement in the pressure line decreases as additional load is applied,and a significant increase in the stress in the prestressing tendon and the resultant concrete force begins to take place.This change in the action of the internal moment continues until all movement of the pressure line ceases.The moment caused by loads that are applied thereafter is offset entirely by a corresponding and proportional change in the internal forces,just as in reinforced-concrete construction.This fact,that the load in the elastic range and the plastic range is carried by actions that are fundamentally different,is very significant and renders strength computations essential for all designs in order to ensure that adequate safety factors exist.This is true even though the stresses in the elastic range may conform to a recognized elastic design criterion. It should be noted that the load deflection curve is close to a straight line up to the cracking load and that the curve becomes progressively more curved as the load is increased above the cracking load.The curvature of the load-deflection curve for loads over the cracking load is due to the change in the basic internal resisting moment action that counteracts the applied loads,as described above,as well as to plastic strains that begin to take place in the steel and the concrete when stressed to high levels. In some structures it may be essential that the flexural members remain crack free even under significant overloads.This may be due to the structures’being exposed to exceptionally corrosive atmospheres during their useful life.In designing prestressed members to be used in special structures of this type,it may be necessary to compute the load that causes cracking of the tensile flange,in order to ensure that adequate safety against cracking is provided by the design.The computation of the moment that will cause cracking is also necessary to ensure compliance with some design criteria. Many tests have demonstrated that the load-deflection curves of prestressed beams are approximately linear up to and slightly in excess of the load that causes the first cracks in the tensile flange.(The linearity is a function of the rate at which the load is applied.)For this reason,normal elastic-design relationships can be used in computing the cracking load by simply determining the load that results in a net tensile stress in the tensile flange(prestress minus the effects of the applied loads)that is equal to the tensile strength of the concrete.It is customary to assume that the flexural tensile strength of the concrete is equal to the modulus of rupture of the

交通灯外文翻译 2

当今时代是一个自动化时代,交通灯控制等很多行业的设备都与计算机密切相关。因此,一个好的交通灯控制系统,将给道路拥挤,违章控制等方面给予技术革新。随着大规模集成电路及计算机技术的迅速发展,以及人工智能在控制技术方面的广泛运用,智能设备有了很大的发展,是现代科技发展的主流方向。本文介绍了一个智能交通的系统的设计。该智能交通灯控制系统可以实现的功能有:对某市区的四个主要交通路口进行控制:个路口有固定的工作周期,并且在道路拥挤时中控制中心能改变其周期:对路口违章的机动车能够即时拍照,并提取车牌号。在世界范围内,一个以微电子技术,计算机和通信技术为先导的,一信息技术和信息产业为中心的信息革命方兴未艾。而计算机技术怎样与实际应用更有效的结合并有效的发挥其作用是科学界最热门的话题,也是当今计算机应用中空前活跃的领域。本文主要从单片机的应用上来实现十字路口交通灯智能化的管理,用以控制过往车辆的正常运作。 研究交通的目的是为了优化运输,人流以及货流。由于道路使用者的不断增加,现有资源和基础设施有限,智能交通控制将成为一个非常重要的课题。但是,智能交通控制的应用还存在局限性。例如避免交通拥堵被认为是对环境和经济都有利的,但改善交通流也可能导致需求增加。交通仿真有几个不同的模型。在研究中,我们着重于微观模型,该模型能模仿单独车辆的行为,从而模仿动态的车辆组。 由于低效率的交通控制,汽车在城市交通中都经历过长时间的行进。采用先进的传感器和智能优化算法来优化交通灯控制系统,将会是非常有益的。优化交通灯开关,增加道路容量和流量,可以防止交通堵塞,交通信号灯控制是一个复杂的优化问题和几种智能算法的融合,如模糊逻辑,进化算法,和聚类算法已经在使用,试图解决这一问题,本文提出一种基于多代理聚类算法控制交通信号灯。 在我们的方法中,聚类算法与道路使用者的价值函数是用来确定每个交通灯的最优决策的,这项决定是基于所有道路使用者站在交通路口累积投票,通过估计每辆车的好处(或收益)来确定绿灯时间增益值与总时间是有差异的,它希望在它往返的时候等待,如果灯是红色,或者灯是绿色。等待,直到车辆到达目的地,通过有聚类算法的基础设施,最后经过监测车的监测。 我们对自己的聚类算法模型和其它使用绿灯模拟器的系统做了比较。绿灯模拟器是一个交通模拟器,监控交通流量统计,如平均等待时间,并测试不同的交通灯控制器。结果表明,在拥挤的交通条件下,聚类控制器性能优于其它所有测试的非自适应控制器,我们也测试理论上的平均等待时间,用以选择车辆通过市区的道路,并表明,道路使用者采用合作学习的方法可避免交通瓶颈。 本文安排如下:第2部分叙述如何建立交通模型,预测交通情况和控制交通。第3部分是就相关问题得出结论。第4部分说明了现在正在进一步研究的事实,并介绍了我们的新思想。

建筑类外文文献及中文翻译

forced concrete structure reinforced with an overviewRein Since the reform and opening up, with the national economy's rapid and sustained development of a reinforced concrete structure built, reinforced with the development of technology has been great. Therefore, to promote the use of advanced technology reinforced connecting to improve project quality and speed up the pace of construction, improve labor productivity, reduce costs, and is of great significance. Reinforced steel bars connecting technologies can be divided into two broad categories linking welding machinery and steel. There are six types of welding steel welding methods, and some apply to the prefabricated plant, and some apply to the construction site, some of both apply. There are three types of machinery commonly used reinforcement linking method primarily applicable to the construction site. Ways has its own characteristics and different application, and in the continuous development and improvement. In actual production, should be based on specific conditions of work, working environment and technical requirements, the choice of suitable methods to achieve the best overall efficiency. 1、steel mechanical link 1.1 radial squeeze link Will be a steel sleeve in two sets to the highly-reinforced Department with superhigh pressure hydraulic equipment (squeeze tongs) along steel sleeve radial squeeze steel casing, in squeezing out tongs squeeze pressure role of a steel sleeve plasticity deformation closely integrated with reinforced through reinforced steel sleeve and Wang Liang's Position will be two solid steel bars linked Characteristic: Connect intensity to be high, performance reliable, can bear high stress draw and pigeonhole the load and tired load repeatedly.

现在大学英语精读1unit11全文翻译

莫西干,我的兄弟 埃里克阿克兰 1.我发现莫西干的那年,春天比往年来得晚。那天,我正和爷爷在叉鱼,突然我听到一阵微弱的叫声,原来是一只冻得发抖的狼崽。 2.我俯下身,他虚弱地向我挪动。我把他抱了起来,把他裹在我的上衣里。我喂了他几滴热牛奶后,小莫西干就缓了过来,向我摆了摆尾巴,很快他就吃饱了,身子也暖和起来了。 3.爷爷最终也同意我收养他。 4.那一年是我人生的第十四个年头,也是我一生中最快乐的一年。

5.倒不是说我们没遇到过麻烦。莫西干是我见过最淘气的狼崽,他还对外界事物很有好奇心,比如他总想看看我奶奶的针线筐里有些什么东西,他因此打翻了针线筐,弄得满地都是线和纽扣。这时,奶奶就会拿起扫帚把莫西干轰出去,他就乖乖地躲到墙角,探头探脑,等待事态平息下来。 6.那年夏天,我和莫西干成了打猎的伙伴,我们一起捕捉犹如冲入云霄的小火箭一般活蹦乱跳的蚱蜢。到了秋天,下了第一场雪后,我们的游戏又换成了到近处的牧草地搜寻田鼠。这时,莫西干已经是一支半大的狼了,

他早已脱下了那身毛茸茸的软毛大衣,如今换上了件黑色的披风。 7.冬天很快到来,那几个月是我记忆中最快乐的日子,这是完全属于我与莫西干的美好时光。我们常常在灌木丛里点起一堆篝火,莫西干的头伏在两个前爪之间,凝视着我,听我给他讲故事。 8.这一切使我快乐的忘乎所以了,结果一天晚上我把爷爷的再三嘱咐跑到了脑后,没有把莫西干拴起来。第二天早上,叶斯诺太太气冲冲地找上门来,坚持要把莫西干给毙了,原来他夜里咬死了人家的公鸡。第三天早

上,爷爷说要把莫西干带到北边的猎棚里。 9.等我们来到猎棚附近的湖边时,莫西干似乎变得躁动起来。他常常坐在湖边,鼻子冲天,头转来转去,似乎在探测风向。 10.屋里暖烘烘的炉火使我很快就睡着了,后来不知是怎么回事,我忽然激灵一下醒了过来,我坐起身来,此时屋里洒满月光,爷爷站在我身边。“孩子,快过来看,”爷爷小声对我说。 11.外面是一轮满月,雪中的世界一片银白,他指了指湖边耸立的一块岩

铁道运输外文翻译--基于多目标规划的铁路枢纽客运站布局优化研究

Study on Layout Optimization of Passenger Station based on Multi-objective Planning Abstract—This paper study on the optimal layout of passenger station and the basic principle of selection location. There are both quantitative index and qualitative index existing in the evaluation indexes of the layout of passenger station. To unify the evaluation indexes, this paper establishes a multi-objective planning optimization model of the layout of passenger station, by using the basic idea of multi-objective planning and introducing the effect of targets of the evaluation indexes. In Nanning railway terminal for example, four evaluation indexes: construction investment、operation cost in railway terminal、cost of passenger trip and the other social benefits are determined. Calculate respectively all effect of targets of the evaluation indexes and then determine the optimal scheme of the layout of passenger station in Nanning railway hub by the total effect of targets after being weighted. Keywords-component; multi-objective; passenger station; Layout Optimization In the past, paying much attention to improving line carrying capacity and neglecting the carrying capacity of hubs or stations in China leaded to the shortage of passenger capacity and the difficulty in meeting the demand of transport market. At present, China is in the primary stage of high-speed railway construction. High-speed railway being introduced into existing railway terminal will break the transport pattern of existing railway hub and will dramatically change the original railway hub transportation structure、transportation operation mode and transportation path. It is an important question in railway terminal planning to reasonably determine the locations and the number of the high-speed passenger stations in hub and optimize the layout of passenger stations in terminal. I Layout Optimization model of Passenger Station in railway hub A. Layout of passenger station in railway hub and basic principle of selection location (1)For human-oriented, make the trip distance and time of passenger from the starting point to passenger station shortest、the travel cost lowest、the riding most convenient and reduce the passenger transfer or make it more convenient. (Including

外文翻译

Journal of Industrial Textiles https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8a11440105.html,/ Optimization of Parameters for the Production of Needlepunched Nonwoven Geotextiles Amit Rawal, Subhash Anand and Tahir Shah 2008 37: 341Journal of Industrial Textiles DOI: 10.1177/1528083707081594 The online version of this article can be found at: https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8a11440105.html,/content/37/4/341 Published by: https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8a11440105.html, can be found at:Journal of Industrial TextilesAdditional services and information for https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8a11440105.html,/cgi/alertsEmail Alerts: https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8a11440105.html,/subscriptionsSubscriptions: https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8a11440105.html,/journalsReprints.navReprints: https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8a11440105.html,/journalsPermissions.navPermissions: https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8a11440105.html,/content/37/4/341.refs.htmlCitations: - Mar 28, 2008Version of Record >>

建筑-外文翻译

外文文献: Risk Analysis of the International Construction Project By: Paul Stanford Kupakuwana Cost Engineering Vol. 51/No. 9 September 2009 ABSTRACT This analysis used a case study methodology to analyse the issues surrounding the partial collapse of the roof of a building housing the headquarters of the Standards Association of Zimbabwe (SAZ). In particular, it examined the prior roles played by the team of construction professionals. The analysis revealed that the SAZ’s traditional construction project was generally characterized by high risk. There was a clear indication of the failure of a contractor and architects in preventing and/or mitigating potential construction problems as alleged by the plaintiff. It was reasonable to conclude that between them the defects should have been detected earlier and rectified in good time before the partial roof failure. It appeared justified for the plaintiff to have brought a negligence claim against both the contractor and the architects. The risk analysis facilitated, through its multi-dimensional approach to a critical examination of a construction problem, the identification of an effective risk management strategy for future construction projects. It further served to emphasize the point that clients are becoming more demanding, more discerning, and less willing to accept risk without recompense. Clients do not want surprise, and are more likely to engage in litigation when things go wrong. KEY WORDS:Arbitration, claims, construction, contracts, litigation, project and risk The structural design of the reinforced concrete elements was done by consulting engineers Knight Piesold (KP). Quantity surveying services were provided by Hawkins, Leshnick & Bath (HLB). The contract was awarded to Central African Building Corporation (CABCO) who was also responsible for the provision of a specialist roof structure using patented “gang nail” roof

外文翻译中文版(完整版)

毕业论文外文文献翻译 毕业设计(论文)题目关于企业内部环境绩效审计的研究翻译题目最高审计机关的环境审计活动 学院会计学院 专业会计学 姓名张军芳 班级09020615 学号09027927 指导教师何瑞雄

最高审计机关的环境审计活动 1最高审计机关越来越多的活跃在环境审计领域。特别是1993-1996年期间,工作组已检测到环境审计活动坚定的数量增长。首先,越来越多的最高审计机关已经活跃在这个领域。其次是积极的最高审计机关,甚至变得更加活跃:他们分配较大部分的审计资源给这类工作,同时出版更多环保审计报告。表1显示了平均数字。然而,这里是机构间差异较大。例如,环境报告的数量变化,每个审计机关从1到36份报告不等。 1996-1999年期间,结果是不那么容易诠释。第一,活跃在环境审计领域的最高审计机关数量并没有太大变化。“活性基团”的组成没有保持相同的:一些最高审计机关进入,而其他最高审计机关离开了团队。环境审计花费的时间量略有增加。二,但是,审计报告数量略有下降,1996年和1999年之间。这些数字可能反映了从量到质的转变。这个信号解释了在过去三年从规律性审计到绩效审计的转变(1994-1996年,20%的规律性审计和44%绩效审计;1997-1999:16%规律性审计和绩效审计54%)。在一般情况下,绩效审计需要更多的资源。我们必须认识到审计的范围可能急剧变化。在将来,再将来开发一些其他方式去测算人们工作量而不是计算通过花费的时间和发表的报告会是很有趣的。 在2000年,有62个响应了最高审计机关并向工作组提供了更详细的关于他们自1997年以来公布的工作信息。在1997-1999年,这62个最高审计机关公布的560个环境审计报告。当然,这些报告反映了一个庞大的身躯,可用于其他机构的经验。环境审计报告的参考书目可在网站上的最高审计机关国际组织的工作组看到。这里这个信息是用来给最高审计机关的审计工作的内容更多一些洞察。 自1997年以来,少数环境审计是规律性审计(560篇报告中有87篇,占16%)。大多数审计绩效审计(560篇报告中有304篇,占54%),或组合的规律性和绩效审计(560篇报告中有169篇,占30%)。如前文所述,绩效审计是一个广泛的概念。在实践中,绩效审计往往集中于环保计划的实施(560篇报告中有264篇,占47%),符合国家环保法律,法规的,由政府部门,部委和/或其他机构的任务给访问(560篇报告中有212篇,占38%)。此外,审计经常被列入政府的环境管理系统(560篇报告中有156篇,占28%)。下面的元素得到了关注审计报告:影响或影响现有的国家环境计划非环保项目对环境的影响;环境政策;由政府遵守国际义务和承诺的10%至20%。许多绩效审计包括以上提到的要素之一。 1本文译自:S. Van Leeuwen.(2004).’’Developments in Environmental Auditing by Supreme Audit Institutions’’ Environmental Management Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 163–1721

智能交通灯控制系统_英文翻译

英文 Because of the rapid development of our economy resulting in the car number of large and medium-sized cities surged and the urban traffic, is facing serious test, leading to the traffic problem increasingly serious, its basically are behaved as follows: traffic accident frequency, to the human life safety enormous threat, Traffic congestion, resulting in serious travel time increases, energy consumption increase; Air pollution and noise pollution degree of deepening, etc. Daily traffic jams become people commonplace and had to endure. In this context, in combination with the actual situation of urban road traffic, develop truly suitable for our own characteristics of intelligent signal control system has become the main task. Preface In practical application at home and abroad, according to the actual traffic signal control application inspection, planar independent intersection signal control basic using set cycle, much time set cycle, half induction, whole sensor etc in several ways. The former two control mode is completely based on planar intersection always traffic flow data of statistical investigation, due to traffic flow the existence of variable sex and randomicity, the two methods have traffic efficiency is low, the scheme, the defects of aging and half inductive and all the inductive the two methods are in the former two ways based on increased vehicle detector and according to the information provided to adjust cycle is long and green letter of vehicle, it than random arrived adaptability bigger, can make vehicles in the parking cord before as few parking, achieve traffic flowing effect In modern industrial production,current,voltage,temperature, pressure, and flow rate, velocity, and switch quantity are common mainly controlled parameter. For example: in metallurgical industry, chemical production, power engineering, the papermaking industry, machinery and food processing and so on many domains, people need to transport the orderly control. By single chip microcomputer to control of traffic, not only has the convenient control, configuration simple and flexible wait for an advantage, but also can greatly improve the technical index by control quantity, thus greatly improve product quality and quantity. Therefore, the monolithic integrated circuit to the traffic light control problem is an industrial production we often encounter problems. In the course of industrial production, there are many industries have lots of traffic equipment, in the current system, most of the traffic control signal is accomplished by relays, but relays response time is long, sensitivity low, long-term after use, fault opportunity increases greatly, and adopts single-chip microcomputer control, the accuracy of far greater than relays, short response time, software reliability, not because working time reduced its performance sake, compared with, this solution has the high feasibility. About AT89C51 (1)function characteristics description: AT89C51 is a low power consumption, high performance CMOS8 bit micro-controller, has the 8K in system programmable Flash memory. Use high-density Atmel company the beltpassword nonvolatile storage technology and manufacturing, and industrial 80S51 product instructions and pin fully compatible. Chip Flash allow program memory in system programmable, also suitable for conventional programmer. In a single chip, have dexterous 8 bits CPU and in system programmable Flash, make AT89C51 for many embedded control application system provides the high flexible, super efficient solution. AT89C51 has the following standard function: 8k bytes Flash, 256 bytes RAM, 32-bit I/O mouth line, the watchdog timer, two data pointer, three 16 timer/counter, a 6 vector level 2 interrupt structure, full-duplex serial port, piece inside crystals timely clock circuit. In addition, AT89C51 can drop to 0Hz static logic operation, support two software can choose power saving mode. Idle mode, the CPU to stop working, allowing the RAM, timer/counter, serial ports, interruption continue to work. Power lost protection mode, RAM content being saved, has been frozen, microcontroller all work stop, until the next interruption or hardware reset so far. As shown in

外文翻译建筑学

芬兰建筑主要因两点而闻名实用而直接的现代主义和一种同自然之间的虚构的关系。从阿尔瓦·阿尔托和他同时代——包括埃里克·布吕格曼和保利·布卢姆斯泰特 . 在内——的那些设计了年前的芬兰现代建筑作品的建筑师开始就是如此。阿尔托在年代的设计特别是完成于年的帕伊米奥疗养院布吕格曼设计的私人住宅和图尔库的公寓区以及布卢姆斯泰特的教堂设计都是芬兰现代建筑早期阶段的标志。在这之后现代主义运动的主流和分支总是成为芬兰建筑学习的对象。如此忠诚于现代主义的原因可以归结到芬兰自年独立以来的社会发展以及北欧人一贯的建筑和设计方向。北部的地理位置和文化在北欧的多种现代主义中建筑是与众多北部 欧洲的文化特性交织在一起的。起决定性的因素是气候和自然环境 同时还有从路德教而来、体现在北欧福利国家的一种共有的精神。这里值得一提的是在当地民众与自然之间的关系形成的过程中有一个关键因素——“自由信步”的理念简而言之即在一定限度内每个人都有权利进入到自然环境及其所赋予的一切中去。这一传统在那些居住环境与自然紧密相联的地方广为人知在北欧国家更是根深蒂固。波罗的海地区的自然环境十分富足、多样且尺度较小。内陆中不计其数的湖面形成了广阔的水路。芬兰被称为“千岛之国”。实际上可以说芬兰的自然环境充满了各种独特的场所。我们没有一望无际的海岸沙滩或巨大的高差但是我们拥有河、湖和群岛。多样且无所不在的水陆交替为芬兰的自然环境提供了一种韵律。这种韵律既是视觉上的也是精神上的。此外四季的变换——温暖明亮

的夏季和寒冷多雪的冬季——强化了景观的多变对自然空间的应用有着显著影响。关于芬兰建筑前文所述都与芬兰人所认知的好建筑密切相关。在这里成为好建筑的关键因素是同地段或场所的联系 及其空间体验。当代芬兰建筑中的自然和现代主义尤哈那·拉赫蒂孙凌波译: . , . , . ' , , ' , ' , , . , , . Finland' , . , , , . ' , , " ", , , , . , , , . , , . Finland . , . . , , . . . , , , , . Finland. , , . , , . ’ . , , . , . , 首先成为好建筑要尊重地段及其历史无论它是在自然环境里还是在城市之中。以阿尔瓦·阿尔托为代表的年代的芬兰建筑师一贯坚持在项目进程中对地段上的树木加以保护。这是让自然成为建筑院落一部分的方式之一。在这个时代区域划分成为城市规划的一部

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