中华人民共和国公司法(中英文对照)

新版《中华人民共和国公司法》(2005年修订)-英汉对照法律英语

2010-12-22 11:21大中小纠错

中华人民共和国公司法(2005年修订)

COMPANY LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (revised in 2005)

（1993年12月29日第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第五次会议通过根据1999年12月25日第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十三次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国公司法〉的决定》第一次修正根据2004年8月28日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十一次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国公司法〉的决定》第二次修正2005年10月27日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十八次会议修订）

(Adopted at the Fifth Session of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress on December 29, 1993. Revised for the first time on December 25, 1999 in accordance with the Decision of the Thirteenth Session of the Standing Committee of the Ninth People's Congress on Amending the Company Law of the People's Republic of China. Revised for the second time on August 28, 2004 in accordance with the Decision of the 11th Session of the Standing Committee of the 10th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on Amending the Company Law of the People's Republic of China. Revised for the third time at the 18th Session of the 10th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on October 27, 2005)

第一章总则

Chapter I General Provisions

第一条为了规范公司的组织和行为，保护公司、股东和债权人的合法权益，维护社会经济秩序，促进社会主义市场经济的发展，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is formulated for the purposes of regulating the organization and operation of companies, protecting the legitimate rights and interests of companies, shareholders and creditors, maintaining the socialist economic order, and promoting the development of the socialist market economy.

第二条本法所称公司是指依照本法在中国境内设立的有限责任公司和股份有限公司。

Article 2 The term "company" as mentioned in this Law refers to a limited liability company or a joint stock company limited established within the territory of the People's Republic of China in accordance with the provisions of this law.

第三条公司是企业法人，有独立的法人财产，享有法人财产权。公司以其全部财产对公司的债务承担责任。有限责任公司的股东以其认缴的出资额为限对公司承担责任；股份有限公司的股东以其认购的股份为限对公司承担责任。

Article 3 A company is an enterprise juridical person, which has independent juridical person property and enjoys the property right of the juridical person. And it shall bear the liabilities for its debts with all its property. As for a limited liability company, the shareholders shall be responsible for the company to the extent of the capital contributions they have paid. As for a joint stock limited company, the shareholders shall be responsible for the company to the extent of the shares they have subscribed to.

第四条公司股东依法享有资产收益、参与重大决策和选择管理者等权利。

Article 4 The shareholders of a company shall be entitled to enjoy the capital proceeds, participate in making important decisions, choose managers and enjoy other rights.

第五条公司从事经营活动，必须遵守法律、行政法规，遵守社会公德、商业道德，诚实守信，接受政府和社会公众的监督，承担社会责任。公司的合法权益受法律保护，不受侵

犯。

Article 5 When undertaking business operations, a company shall comply with the laws and administrative regulations, social morality and business morality. It shall act in good faith, accept the supervision of the government and the general public, and bear social responsibilities. The legitimate rights and interests of a company shall be protected by laws and may not be infringed.

第六条设立公司，应当依法向公司登记机关申请设立登记。符合本法规定的设立条件的，由公司登记机关分别登记为有限责任公司或者股份有限公司；不符合本法规定的设立条件的，不得登记为有限责任公司或者股份有限公司。法律、行政法规规定设立公司必须报经批准的，应当在公司登记前依法办理批准手续。公众可以向公司登记机关申请查询公司登记事项，公司登记机关应当提供查询服务。

Article 6 For the establishment of a company, an application for establishment and registration shall be filed with the company registration authority. If the application meets the requirements for establishment of this Law, the company registration authority shall register the company as a limited liability company or a joint stock limited company. If the application fails to meet the requirements for establishment of this Law, it shall not be registered as a limited liability company or a joint stock limited company. If any law or administrative regulation stipulates that the establishment of a company shall be subject to approval, the relevant approval formalities shall be gone through prior to the registration of the company. The general public may consult the relevant matters on company registration at a company registration authority, which shall provide consulting services.

第七条依法设立的公司，由公司登记机关发给公司营业执照。公司营业执照签发日期为公司成立日期。公司营业执照应当载明公司的名称、住所、注册资本、实收资本、经营范围、法定代表人姓名等事项。公司营业执照记载的事项发生变更的，公司应当依法办理变更登记，由公司登记机关换发营业执照。

Article 7 For a lawfully established company, the company registration authority shall issue the company business license to it, and the date of issuance of the company business license shall be the date of establishment of the company. The company business license shall state the name, domicile, registered capital, actually paid capital, business scope, the name of the legal representative and etc. If any of the items as stated in the business license is changed, the company shall modify the registration, and the company registration authority shall replace the old business license by a new one.

第八条依照本法设立的有限责任公司，必须在公司名称中标明有限责任公司或者有限公司字样。依照本法设立的股份有限公司，必须在公司名称中标明股份有限公司或者股份公司字样。

Article 8 For a limited liability company established according to this Law, it shall indicate in its company name the words "limited liability company" or "limited company". For a joint stock limited company established according to this Law, it shall indicate in its company name the words "joint stock limited company" or "joint stock company".

第九条有限责任公司变更为股份有限公司，应当符合本法规定的股份有限公司的条件。股份有限公司变更为有限责任公司，应当符合本法规定的有限责任公司的条件。有限责任公司变更为股份有限公司的，或者股份有限公司变更为有限责任公司的，公司变更前的债权、债务由变更后的公司承继。

Article 9 The change of a limited liability company to a joint stock limited company shall satisfy the requirements as prescribed in this Law for joint stock limited companies. The change

of a joint stock limited company to a limited liability company shall meet the conditions as prescribed in this Law for limited liability companies. Under any of the aforesaid circumstances, the creditor's rights and debts of the company prior to the change shall be succeeded by the company after the change.

第十条公司以其主要办事机构所在地为住所。

Article 10 A company shall regard the locus of its main office as its domicile.

第十一条设立公司必须依法制定公司章程。公司章程对公司、股东、董事、监事、高级管理人员具有约束力。

Article 11 The company established according to this law shall formulate its articles of association which are binding on the company, its shareholders, directors, supervisors and senior managers.

第十二条公司的经营范围由公司章程规定，并依法登记。公司可以修改公司章程，改变经营范围，但是应当办理变更登记。公司的经营范围中属于法律、行政法规规定须经批准的项目，应当依法经过批准。

Article 12 The company's business scope shall be defined in its articles of association and shall be registered according to law. The company may change its business scope by modifying its articles of association, but shall go through the formalities for modifying the registration. If the business scope of a company covers any item subject to approval pursuant to laws or administrative regulations, the approval shall be obtained according to law.

第十三条公司法定代表人依照公司章程的规定，由董事长、执行董事或者经理担任，并依法登记。公司法定代表人变更，应当办理变更登记。

Article 13 The legal representative of a company shall, according to the provisions of its articles of association, be assumed by the chairman of the board of directors, acting director or manager, and shall be registered according to law. If the legal representative of the company is changed, the company shall go through the formalities for modifying the registration.

第十四条公司可以设立分公司。设立分公司，应当向公司登记机关申请登记，领取营业执照。分公司不具有法人资格，其民事责任由公司承担。公司可以设立子公司，子公司具有法人资格，依法独立承担民事责任。

Article 14 The company may set up branches. To set up a branch, the company shall file a registration application with the company registration authority, and shall obtain the business license. The branch shall not enjoy the status of an enterprise juridical person, and its civil liabilities shall be born by its parent company.The company may set up subsidiaries which enjoy the status of an enterprise juridical person and shall be independently bear civil liabilities.

第十五条公司可以向其他企业投资；但是，除法律另有规定外，不得成为对所投资企业的债务承担连带责任的出资人。

Article 15 A company may invest in other enterprises. However, it shall not become a capital contributor that shall bear the joint liabilities for the debts of the enterprises it invests in, unless it is otherwise provided for by any law.

第十六条公司向其他企业投资或者为他人提供担保，按照公司章程的规定由董事会或者股东会、股东大会决议；公司章程对投资或者担保的总额及单项投资或者担保的数额有限额规定的，不得超过规定的限额。公司为公司股东或者实际控制人提供担保的，必须经股东会或者股东大会决议。前款规定的股东或者受前款规定的实际控制人支配的股东，不得参加前款规定事项的表决。该项表决由出席会议的其他股东所持表决权的过半数通过。

Article 16 Where a company intends to invest in any other enterprise or provide guarantee

for others, it shall, according to the provisions of its articles of association, be decided at the meeting of the board of directors or shareholders or shareholders' convention. If the articles of association prescribe any limit on the total amount of investments or guarantees, or on the amount of a single investment or guarantee, the aforesaid total amount or amount shall not exceed the responsive limited amount. If a company intends to provide guarantee to a shareholder or actual controller of the company, it shall make a resolution through the shareholder's meeting or shareholders' convention.The shareholder as mentioned in the preceding paragraph or the shareholder dominated by the actual controller as mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall not participate in voting on the matter as mentioned in the preceding paragraph. Such matter requires the affirmative votes of more than half of the other shareholders attending the meeting.

第十七条公司必须保护职工的合法权益，依法与职工签订劳动合同，参加社会保险，加强劳动保护，实现安全生产。公司应当采用多种形式，加强公司职工的职业教育和岗位培训，提高职工素质。

Article 17 The company shall protect the lawful rights and interests of its employees, conclude employment contracts with the employees, buy social insurances, strengthen labor protection so as to realize safe production.The company shall, in various forms, reinforce the vocational education and in-service training of its employees so as to improve their personal quality.

第十八条公司职工依照《中华人民共和国工会法》组织工会，开展工会活动，维护职工合法权益。公司应当为本公司工会提供必要的活动条件。公司工会代表职工就职工的劳动报酬、工作时间、福利、保险和劳动安全卫生等事项依法与公司签订集体合同。公司依照宪法和有关法律的规定，通过职工代表大会或者其他形式，实行民主管理。公司研究决定改制以及经营方面的重大问题、制定重要的规章制度时，应当听取公司工会的意见，并通过职工代表大会或者其他形式听取职工的意见和建议。

Article 18 The employees of a company shall, according to the Labor Union Law of the People's Republic of China, organize a labor union, which shall carry out union activities and safeguard the lawful rights and interests of the employees. The company shall provide necessary conditions for its labor union to carry out activities. The labor union shall, on behalf of the employees, conclude the collective contract with the company with respect to the remuneration, working hours, welfare, insurance, work safety and sanitation and other matters.Pursuant to the Constitution and other relevant laws, a company shall implement democratic management in the form of meeting of the representatives of the employees or any other ways.To make a decision on restructuring or any important issue related to business operation, or to formulate any important regulation, a company shall solicit the opinions of its labor union, and shall solicit the opinions and proposals of the employees through the meeting of the representatives of the employees or in any other way.

第十九条在公司中，根据中国共产党章程的规定，设立中国共产党的组织，开展党的活动。公司应当为党组织的活动提供必要条件。

Article 19 An organization of the Chinese Communist Party shall, according to the Charter of the Chinese Communist Party, be established in the company to carry out activities of the Chinese Communist Party. And the company shall provide necessary conditions for the activities of the Chinese Communist Party.

第二十条公司股东应当遵守法律、行政法规和公司章程，依法行使股东权利，不得滥

用股东权利损害公司或者其他股东的利益；不得滥用公司法人独立地位和股东有限责任损害公司债权人的利益。公司股东滥用股东权利给公司或者其他股东造成损失的，应当依法承担赔偿责任。公司股东滥用公司法人独立地位和股东有限责任，逃避债务，严重损害公司债权人利益的，应当对公司债务承担连带责任。

Article 20 The shareholders of a company shall comply with the laws, administrative regulations and articles of association, and shall exercise the shareholder's rights according to law. None of them may injure any of the interests of the company or of other shareholders by abusing the shareholder's rights, or injure the interests of any creditor of the company by abusing the independent status of juridical person or the shareholder's limited liabilities.Where any of the shareholders of a company causes any loss to the company or to other shareholders by abusing the shareholder's rights, it shall be subject to compensation.Where any of the shareholders of a company evades the payment of its debts by abusing the independent status of juridical person or the shareholder's limited liabilities, and thus seriously damages the interests of any creditor, it shall bear joint liabilities for the debts of the company.

第二十一条公司的控股股东、实际控制人、董事、监事、高级管理人员不得利用其关联关系损害公司利益。违反前款规定，给公司造成损失的，应当承担赔偿责任。

Article 21 Neither the controlling shareholder, nor the actual controller, any of the directors, supervisors or senior managers of the company may injure the interests of the company by taking advantage of its connection relationship. Anyone who has caused any loss to the company due to violation of the preceding paragraph shall be subject to compensation.

第二十二条公司股东会或者股东大会、董事会的决议内容违反法律、行政法规的无效。股东会或者股东大会、董事会的会议召集程序、表决方式违反法律、行政法规或者公司章程，或者决议内容违反公司章程的，股东可以自决议作出之日起六十日内，请求人民法院撤销。股东依照前款规定提起诉讼的，人民法院可以应公司的请求，要求股东提供相应担保。公司根据股东会或者股东大会、董事会决议已办理变更登记的，人民法院宣告该决议无效或者撤销该决议后，公司应当向公司登记机关申请撤销变更登记。

Article 22 The resolution of the shareholders' convention, shareholders' meeting or board of directors of the company that has violated any law or administrative regulation shall be null and void.Where the procedures for convoking and the voting form of a shareholders' convention or shareholders' meeting or meeting of the board of directors, violate any law, administrative regulation or the articles of association, or the resolution is in violation of the articles of association of the company, the shareholders may, within 60 days as of the day when the resolution is made, request the people's court to revoke it.If the shareholders initiate a lawsuit according to the preceding paragraph, the people's court shall, in light of the request of the company, demand the shareholders to provide corresponding guarantee.Where a company has, in light of the resolution of the shareholders' convention, shareholders' meeting or meeting of the board of directors, completed the modification registration, and the people's court declares the resolution null and void or revoke the resolution, the company shall file an application with the company registration authority for revoking the modification registration.

第二章有限责任公司的设立和组织机构

Chapter II Establishment and Organizational Structure of a Limited Liability Company Section 1 Establishment

第一节设立

Section 1 Establishment

第二十三条设立有限责任公司，应当具备下列条件：

Article 23 The establishment of a limited liability company shall satisfy the following conditions:

（一）股东符合法定人数；

(1) The number of shareholders accords with the quorum;

（二）股东出资达到法定资本最低限额；

(2) The amount of capital contributions paid by the shareholders reaches the statutory minimum amount of the registered capital;

（三）股东共同制定公司章程；

(3) The articles of association are worked out jointly by shareholders;

（四）有公司名称，建立符合有限责任公司要求的组织机构；

(4) The company has a name and its organizational structure complies with that of a limited liability company; and

（五）有公司住所。

(5) The company has a domicile.

第二十四条有限责任公司由五十个以下股东出资设立。

Article 24 A limited liability company shall be established by not more than 50 shareholders that have made capital contributions.

第二十五条有限责任公司章程应当载明下列事项：

Article 25 A limited liability company shall state the following items in its articles of association:

（一）公司名称和住所；

(1) the name and domicile of the company;

（二）公司经营范围；

(2) the business scope of the company;

（三）公司注册资本；

(3) the registered capital of the company;

（四）股东的姓名或者名称；

(4) names of shareholders;

（五）股东的出资方式、出资额和出资时间；

(5) forms, amount and date of capital contributions made by shareholders;

（六）公司的机构及其产生办法、职权、议事规则；

(6) the organizations of the company and its formation, their functions and rules of procedure;

（七）公司法定代表人；

(7) the legal representative of the company;

（八）股东会会议认为需要规定的其他事项。股东应当在公司章程上签名、盖章。

(8) other matters deemed necessary by shareholders. The shareholders should affix their signatures or seals on the articles of association of the company.

第二十六条有限责任公司的注册资本为在公司登记机关登记的全体股东认缴的出资额。公司全体股东的首次出资额不得低于注册资本的百分之二十，也不得低于法定的注册资本最低限额，其余部分由股东自公司成立之日起两年内缴足；其中，投资公司可以在五年内缴足。有限责任公司注册资本的最低限额为人民币三万元。法律、行政法规对有限责任公司注册资本的最低限额有较高规定的，从其规定。

Article 26 The registered capital of a limited liability company shall be the total amount of the capital contributions subscribed to by all the shareholders that have registered in the company registration authority. The amount of the initial capital contributions made by all shareholders shall be not less than 20% of the registered capital, nor less than the statutory minimum amount of registered capital, and the margin shall be paid off by the shareholders within 2 years as of the day when the company is established; as for an investment company, it may be paid off within 5 years. The minimum amount of registered capital of a limited liability company shall be RMB 30, 000 Yuan. If any law or administrative regulation prescribes a relatively higher minimum amount of registered capital of a limited liability company, the provisions of that law or administrative regulation shall be followed.

第二十七条股东可以用货币出资，也可以用实物、知识产权、土地使用权等可以用货币估价并可以依法转让的非货币财产作价出资；但是，法律、行政法规规定不得作为出资的财产除外。对作为出资的非货币财产应当评估作价，核实财产，不得高估或者低估作价。法律、行政法规对评估作价有规定的，从其规定。全体股东的货币出资金额不得低于有限责任公司注册资本的百分之三十。

Article 27 A shareholder may make capital contributions in currency, in kind or intellectual property right, land use right or other non-monetary properties that may be assessed on the basis of currency and may be transferred according to law, excluding the properties that shall not be treated as capital contributions according to any law or administrative regulation.The value of the non-monetary properties as capital contributions shall be assessed and verified, which shall not be over-valued or under-valued. If any law or administrative regulation prescribes the value assessment, such law or administrative regulation shall be followed.The amount of the capital contributions in currency paid by all the shareholders shall be not less than 30% of the registered capital of the limited liability company.

第二十八条股东应当按期足额缴纳公司章程中规定的各自所认缴的出资额。股东以货币出资的，应当将货币出资足额存入有限责任公司在银行开设的账户；以非货币财产出资的，应当依法办理其财产权的转移手续。股东不按照前款规定缴纳出资的，除应当向公司足额缴纳外，还应当向已按期足额缴纳出资的股东承担违约责任。

Article 28 Every shareholder shall make full payment for the capital contribution it has subscribed to according to the articles of association. If a shareholder makes his/its capital contribution in currency, he shall deposit the full amount of such currency capital contribution into a temporary bank account opened for the limited liability company. If the capital contributions are made in non-monetary properties, the appropriate transfer procedures for the property rights therein shall be followed according to law. Where a shareholder fails to make his/its capital contribution as specified in the preceding paragraph, it shall not only make full payment to the company but also bear the liabilities for breach of the contract to the shareholders who have make full payment of capital contributions on schedule.

第二十九条股东缴纳出资后，必须经依法设立的验资机构验资并出具证明。

Article 29 The capital contributions made by shareholders shall be checked by a lawfully established capital verification institution, which shall issue a certification.

第三十条股东的首次出资经依法设立的验资机构验资后，由全体股东指定的代表或者共同委托的代理人向公司登记机关报送公司登记申请书、公司章程、验资证明等文件，申请设立登记。

Article 30 After the initial capital contributions made by the shareholders for the first time

have been checked by a lawfully established capital verification institution, the representative designated by all the shareholders or the agent entrusted by all the shareholders shall apply for establishment and registration with a company registration application, the articles of association, capital verification and other documents to the company registration authority.

第三十一条有限责任公司成立后，发现作为设立公司出资的非货币财产的实际价额显著低于公司章程所定价额的，应当由交付该出资的股东补足其差额；公司设立时的其他股东承担连带责任。

Article 31 After the establishment of a limited liability company, if the actual value of the capital contributions in non-monetary properties is found to be apparently lower than that provided for in the articles of association of the company, the balance shall be supplemented by the shareholder who has offered them, and the other shareholders of the company who have established the company shall bear joint liabilities.

第三十二条有限责任公司成立后，应当向股东签发出资证明书。出资证明书应当载明下列事项：

Article 32 After the establishment of a limited liability company, every shareholder shall be issued with a capital contribution certificate, which shall specify the following:

（一）公司名称；

(1) the name of the company;

（二）公司成立日期；

(2) the date of establishment of the company;

（三）公司注册资本；

(3) the registered capital of the company;

（四）股东的姓名或者名称、缴纳的出资额和出资日期；

(4) the name of the shareholder, the amount of his capital contribution, and the day when the capital contribution is made; and

（五）出资证明书的编号和核发日期。出资证明书由公司盖章。

(5) the serial number and date of issuance of the capital contribution certificate. The capital contribution certificate shall bear the seal of the company.

第三十三条有限责任公司应当置备股东名册，记载下列事项：

Article 33 A limited liability company shall prepare a register of shareholders, which shall specify the following:

（一）股东的姓名或者名称及住所；

(1) the name of every shareholder and his/its domicile thereof;

（二）股东的出资额；

(2) the amount of capital contribution made by every shareholder;

（三）出资证明书编号。记载于股东名册的股东，可以依股东名册主张行使股东权利。公司应当将股东的姓名或者名称及其出资额向公司登记机关登记；登记事项发生变更的，应当办理变更登记。未经登记或者变更登记的，不得对抗第三人。

(3) the serial number of every capital contribution certificate. The shareholders recorded in the register of shareholders may, in light of the register of shareholders, claim to and exercise the shareholder's rights. A company shall register every shareholder's name and the amount of its capital contribution in the company registration authority. Where any of the registered items is changed, it shall handle the modification of the registration. If the company fails to do so, it shall not, on the basis of the unregistered or un-modified registration item, stand up to any third party.

第三十四条股东有权查阅、复制公司章程、股东会会议记录、董事会会议决议、监事会会议决议和财务会计报告。股东可以要求查阅公司会计账簿。股东要求查阅公司会计账簿的，应当向公司提出书面请求，说明目的。公司有合理根据认为股东查阅会计账簿有不正当目的，可能损害公司合法利益的，可以拒绝提供查阅，并应当自股东提出书面请求之日起十五日内书面答复股东并说明理由。公司拒绝提供查阅的，股东可以请求人民法院要求公司提供查阅。

Article 34 The shareholder shall be entitled to consult and copy the articles of association, records of the shareholders' meetings, resolutions of the meetings of the board of directors, resolutions of the meetings of the board of supervisors, as well as financial reports.The shareholder may request to consult the accounting books of the company. Where a shareholder requests to consult the accounting books of the company, it shall submit to the company a written request which shall state its motives. If the company, pursuant to any justifiable reason, considers that the shareholder's request to consult the accounting books for any improper purpose may damage the legitimate interests of the company, it may reject the request of the shareholder, and shall, within in 15 days after the shareholder submits a written request, give it a written reply which shall include an explanation. If the company rejects the request of any shareholder to consult the accounting books, the shareholder may plead the people's court to demand the company to approve consultation.

第三十五条股东按照实缴的出资比例分取红利；公司新增资本时，股东有权优先按照实缴的出资比例认缴出资。但是，全体股东约定不按照出资比例分取红利或者不按照出资比例优先认缴出资的除外。

Article 35 The shareholders shall distribute dividends in light of the percentages of capital contributions actually made by them, unless all shareholders agree that the dividends are not distributed on the percentages of capital contributions. Where the company is to increase its capital, its shareholders have the preemptive right to contribute to the increased amount on the basis of the same percentages of the old capital contributions they have made, unless all shareholders agree that they will not contribute to the increased amount of capital on the basis of the percentages of the old capital contributions they have made.

第三十六条公司成立后，股东不得抽逃出资。

Article 36 After the establishment of a company, no shareholder may illegally take away the contribution capital. Section 2 Organizational Structure

第二节组织机构

Section 2 Organs

第三十七条有限责任公司股东会由全体股东组成，股东会是公司的权力机构，依照本法行使职权。

Article 37 The shareholders' meeting of a limited liability company shall comprise all the shareholders. It shall be the authority of the company, and shall exercise its authorities according to this Law.

第三十八条股东会行使下列职权：

Article 38 The shareholders' meeting shall exercise the following authorities:

（一）决定公司的经营方针和投资计划；

(1) determining the company's operation guidelines and investment plans;

（二）选举和更换非由职工代表担任的董事、监事，决定有关董事、监事的报酬事项；

(2) electing and changing the director and supervisors assumed by non-representatives of

the employees, and determining the matters concerning their remuneration;

（三）审议批准董事会的报告；

(3) deliberating and approving the reports of the board of directors;

（四）审议批准监事会或者监事的报告；

(4) deliberating and approving the reports of the board of supervisors or the supervisor;

（五）审议批准公司的年度财务预算方案、决算方案；

(5) deliberating and approving annual financial budget plans and final account plans of the company;

（六）审议批准公司的利润分配方案和弥补亏损方案；

(6) deliberating and approving profit distribution plans and loss recovery plans of the company;

（七）对公司增加或者减少注册资本作出决议；

(7) making resolutions on the increase or decrease of the company's registered capital;

（八）对发行公司债券作出决议；

(8) making resolutions on the issuance of corporate bonds;

（九）对公司合并、分立、变更公司形式、解散和清算等事项作出决议；

(9) adopting resolutions on the assignment, split-up, change of company form, dissolution, liquidation of the company;

（十）修改公司章程；

(10) revising the articles of association of the company;

（十一）公司章程规定的其他职权。对前款所列事项股东以书面形式一致表示同意的，可以不召开股东会会议，直接作出决定，并由全体股东在决定文件上签名、盖章。

(11) other functions as specified in the articles of association. Where any of the matters as listed in the preceding paragraph is consented by all the shareholders it in writing, it is not required to convene a shareholders' meeting. A decision may be made directly with the signatures or seals of all the shareholders.

第三十九条首次股东会会议由出资最多的股东召集和主持，依照本法规定行使职权。

Article 39 The shareholders' meeting shall be convened and presided over by the shareholder who has made the largest percentage of capital contributions and shall exercise its authorities according to this Law.

第四十条股东会会议分为定期会议和临时会议。定期会议应当按照公司章程的规定按时召开。代表十分之一以上表决权的股东，三分之一以上的董事，监事会或者不设监事会的公司的监事提议召开临时会议的，应当召开临时会议。

Article 40 The shareholders' meetings shall be classified into regular meetings and temporary meetings. The regular meetings shall be timely held in pursuance with the articles of association. Where a temporary meeting is proposed by the shareholders representing 1/10 of the voting rights or more, or by directors representing 1/3 of the voting rights or more, or by the board of supervisors, or by the supervisors of the company with no board of supervisors, a temporary meeting shall be held.

第四十一条有限责任公司设立董事会的，股东会会议由董事会召集，董事长主持；董事长不能履行职务或者不履行职务的，由副董事长主持；副董事长不能履行职务或者不履行职务的，由半数以上董事共同推举一名董事主持。有限责任公司不设董事会的，股东会会议由执行董事召集和主持。董事会或者执行董事不能履行或者不履行召集股东会会议职责的，由监事会或者不设监事会的公司的监事召集和主持；监事会或者监事不召集和主持的，代表

十分之一以上表决权的股东可以自行召集和主持。

Article 41 Where a limited liability company has set up a board of directors, the shareholders' meetings shall be convened by the board of directors and presided over by the chairman of the board of directors. If the chairman is unable or does not perform his duties, the meetings thereof shall be presided over by the deputy chairman of the board of directors. If the deputy chairman of the board of directors is unable or does not perform his duties, the meetings shall be presided over by a director jointly recommended by half or more of the directors. Where a limited liability company has not set up the board of directors, the shareholders' meetings shall be convened and presided over by the acting director.If the board of directors or the acting director is unable or does not perform the duties of convening the shareholders' meeting, the board of supervisors or the supervisor of the company with no board of supervisors may convene and preside over such meetings. If the board of supervisors or supervisor does not convene or preside over such meetings, the shareholder representing 1 / 10 or more of the voting rights may convene and preside over such meetings on his/its own initiative.

第四十二条召开股东会会议，应当于会议召开十五日以前通知全体股东；但是，公司章程另有规定或者全体股东另有约定的除外。股东会应当对所议事项的决定作成会议记录，出席会议的股东应当在会议记录上签名。

Article 42 Every shareholder shall be notified 15 days before a shareholders' meeting is held, unless it is otherwise prescribed by the articles of association or it is otherwise stipulated by all the shareholders. A shareholders' meeting shall make records for the decisions on the matters discussed at the meeting. The shareholders who attend the meeting shall affix their signatures to the records.

第四十三条股东会会议由股东按照出资比例行使表决权；但是，公司章程另有规定的除外。

Article 43 The shareholders shall exercise their voting rights at the shareholders' meetings on the basis of their respective percentage of the capital contributions, unless it is otherwise stipulated by the articles of association.

第四十四条股东会的议事方式和表决程序，除本法有规定的外，由公司章程规定。股东会会议作出修改公司章程、增加或者减少注册资本的决议，以及公司合并、分立、解散或者变更公司形式的决议，必须经代表三分之二以上表决权的股东通过。

Article 44 The discussion methods and voting procedures of the shareholders' meeting shall be prescribed in the articles of association, unless it is otherwise provided for by this Law. A resolution made at a shareholders' meeting on amending the articles of association, increasing or reducing the registered capital, merger, split-up, dissolution or change of the company form shall be adopted by the shareholders representing 2 / 3 or more of the voting rights.

第四十五条有限责任公司设董事会，其成员为三人至十三人。本法第五十一条另有规定的除外。两个以上的国有企业或者其他两个以上的国有投资主体投资设立的有限责任公司，其董事会成员中应当有公司职工代表；其他有限责任公司董事会成员中也可以有公司职工代表。董事会中的职工代表由公司职工通过职工代表大会、职工大会或者其他形式民主选举产生。董事会设董事长一人，可以设副董事长。董事长、副董事长的产生办法由公司章程规定。

Article 45 The board of directors established by a limited liability company shall comprise 3 up to 13 members, unless it is otherwise provided for in Article 51 of this Law. If a limited liability company established by 2 or more state-funded enterprises or other state-funded investors, the board of directors shall comprise the representatives of employees of this company. The board of

directors of any other limited liability company may also comprise the representatives of employees of the company concerned. The employees' representatives who are to serve as the board of directors shall be democratically elected by the employees of the company through the general meeting of the representatives of employees, employees' meeting of the company or in any other way. The board of directors shall have one board chairman and may have one or more deputy chairman. The appointment of the chairman and deputy chairman shall be prescribed in the articles of association.

第四十六条董事任期由公司章程规定，但每届任期不得超过三年。董事任期届满，连选可以连任。董事任期届满未及时改选，或者董事在任期内辞职导致董事会成员低于法定人数的，在改选出的董事就任前，原董事仍应当依照法律、行政法规和公司章程的规定，履行董事职务。

Article 46 The terms of office of the directors shall be provided for in the articles of association, but each term of office shall not exceed 3 years. The directors may, after the expiry of their term of office, hold a consecutive term upon re-election. If no reelection is timely carried out after the expiry of the term of office of the directors, or if the number of the members of the board of directors is less than the quorum due to the resignation of some directors from the board of directors prior to the expiry of their term of office, the original directors shall, before the newly elected directors assume their posts, exercise the authorities of the directors according to laws, administrative regulations as well as the articles of association.

第四十七条董事会对股东会负责，行使下列职权：

Article 47 The board of directors shall be responsible for the shareholders' meeting and exercise the following authorities:

（一）召集股东会会议，并向股东会报告工作；

(1) convening shareholders' meetings and reporting the status on work thereto;

（二）执行股东会的决议；

(2) carrying out the resolutions made at the shareholders' meetings;

（三）决定公司的经营计划和投资方案；

(3) determining the operation plans and investment plans;

（四）制订公司的年度财务预算方案、决算方案；

(4) working out the company's annual financial budget plans and final account plans;

（五）制订公司的利润分配方案和弥补亏损方案；

(5) working out the company's profit distribution plans and loss recovery plans;

（六）制订公司增加或者减少注册资本以及发行公司债券的方案；

(6) working out the company's plans on the increase or decrease of registered capital, as well as on the issuance of corporate bonds;

（七）制订公司合并、分立、变更公司形式、解散的方案；

(7) working out the company's plans on merger, split-up, change of the company form, dissolution, and etc.;

（八）决定公司内部管理机构的设置；

(8) making decisions on the establishment of the company's internal management departments;

（九）决定聘任或者解聘公司经理及其报酬事项，并根据经理的提名决定聘任或者解聘公司副经理、财务负责人及其报酬事项；

(9) making decisions on hiring or dismissing the company's manager and his remuneration,

and, according to the nomination of the manager, deciding on the hiring or dismissing of vice manager(s) and the person in charge of finance as well as their remuneration;

（十）制定公司的基本管理制度；

(10) working out the company's basic management system; and

（十一）公司章程规定的其他职权。

(11) other functions as prescribed in the articles of association.

第四十八条董事会会议由董事长召集和主持；董事长不能履行职务或者不履行职务的，由副董事长召集和主持；副董事长不能履行职务或者不履行职务的，由半数以上董事共同推举一名董事召集和主持。

Article 48 The meeting of the board of directors shall be convened and presided over by the chairman of the board of directors. If the chairman of the board of directors is unable or does not perform his duties, the meeting may be convened or presided over by the deputy chairman of the board of directors. If the deputy chairman of the board of directors is unable or does not perform his duties, the meeting may be convened or presided over by a director jointly recommended by half or more of the directors.

第四十九条董事会的议事方式和表决程序，除本法有规定的外，由公司章程规定。董事会应当对所议事项的决定作成会议记录，出席会议的董事应当在会议记录上签名。董事会决议的表决，实行一人一票。

Article 49 The discussion methods and voting procedures of the board of directors shall be prescribed by the articles of association, unless it is otherwise provided for by this Law. The board of directors shall make records of the decisions on the matters discussed at the meetings thereof. The shareholders who attend the meeting shall affix their signatures to the records.In the voting on a resolution of the board of directors, one person shall have one vote.

第五十条有限责任公司可以设经理，由董事会决定聘任或者解聘。经理对董事会负责，行使下列职权：

Article 50 A limited liability company may have a manager who shall be hired or dismissed upon the decision of the board of directors. The manager shall be responsible for the board of directors and shall exercise the following authorities:

（一）主持公司的生产经营管理工作，组织实施董事会决议；

(1) taking charge of the management of the production and business operations of the company, and organizing to implement the resolutions of the board of directors;

（二）组织实施公司年度经营计划和投资方案；

(2) organizing the execution of the company's annual operational plans and investment plans;

（三）拟订公司内部管理机构设置方案；

(3) drafting plans on the establishment of the company's internal management departments;

（四）拟订公司的基本管理制度；

(4) drafting the company's basic management system;

（五）制定公司的具体规章；

(5) formulating the company's concrete bylaws;

（六）提请聘任或者解聘公司副经理、财务负责人；

(6) proposing to hire or dismiss the company's vice manager(s) and person(s) in charge of finance;

（七）决定聘任或者解聘除应由董事会决定聘任或者解聘以外的负责管理人员；

(7) deciding on the hiring or dismissing of the persons-in-charge other than those who shall be decided by the board of directors; and

（八）董事会授予的其他职权。公司章程对经理职权另有规定的，从其规定。经理列席董事会会议。

(8) other authorities conferred by the board of directors.If the articles of association prescribe otherwise the authorities of managers, the provisions in the articles of association shall be followed. The manager attends the meetings of the board of directors as a non-voting delegate.

第五十一条股东人数较少或者规模较小的有限责任公司，可以设一名执行董事，不设立董事会。执行董事可以兼任公司经理。执行董事的职权由公司章程规定。

Article 51 As for a limited liability company with relatively less shareholders or a relatively small limited liability company, it may have an acting director and no board of directors. The acting director may concurrently hold the post of the company's manger.The authorities of the acting director shall be prescribed in the articles of association.

第五十二条有限责任公司设立监事会，其成员不得少于三人。股东人数较少或者规模较小的有限责任公司，可以设一至二名监事，不设立监事会。监事会应当包括股东代表和适当比例的公司职工代表，其中职工代表的比例不得低于三分之一，具体比例由公司章程规定。监事会中的职工代表由公司职工通过职工代表大会、职工大会或者其他形式民主选举产生。监事会设主席一人，由全体监事过半数选举产生。监事会主席召集和主持监事会会议；监事会主席不能履行职务或者不履行职务的，由半数以上监事共同推举一名监事召集和主持监事会会议。董事、高级管理人员不得兼任监事。

Article 52 A limited liability company may set up a board of supervisors, which shall comprise at least 3 persons. A limited liability company, which has relatively less shareholders or is relatively small in scale, may have 1 or 2 supervisors, and does not have to establish a board of supervisors. The board of supervisors shall include representatives of shareholders and representatives of the employees of the company at an appropriate ratio which shall be specifically stimulated in the articles of association. The employees' representatives, who are to serve as members of the board of supervisors, shall be democratically elected by the employees of the company through the meeting of the employees' representatives or employees' meeting, or by any other means. The board of supervisors shall have one chairman, who shall be elected by half or more of all the supervisors. The chairman of the board of supervisors shall convene and preside over the meetings of the board of supervisors. If the chairman of the board of supervisors is unable to or does not perform his duties, the supervisor recommended by half or more of the supervisors shall convene and preside over the meetings of the board of supervisors.No director or senior manager may concurrently work as a supervisor.

第五十三条监事的任期每届为三年。监事任期届满，连选可以连任。监事任期届满未及时改选，或者监事在任期内辞职导致监事会成员低于法定人数的，在改选出的监事就任前，原监事仍应当依照法律、行政法规和公司章程的规定，履行监事职务。

Article 53 Every term of office of the supervisors shall be 3 years. The supervisors may, after the expiry of their term of office, hold a consecutive term upon re-election. If no reelection is timely carried out after the expiry of the term of office of the supervisors, or the number of the members of the board of directors is less than the quorum due to the resignation of some directors from the board of supervisors prior to the expiry of their term of office, the original

supervisors shall, before the newly elected supervisors assume their posts, exercise the authorities of the supervisors according to laws, administrative regulations as well as the articles of association.

第五十四条监事会、不设监事会的公司的监事行使下列职权：

Article 54 The board of supervisors or supervisor of a company with no board of supervisors may exercise the following authorities:

（一）检查公司财务；

(1) checking the financial affairs of the company;

（二）对董事、高级管理人员执行公司职务的行为进行监督，对违反法律、行政法规、公司章程或者股东会决议的董事、高级管理人员提出罢免的建议；

(2) supervising the duty-related acts of the directors and senior managers, and bringing forward proposals on the removal of any director or senior manager who violates any law, administrative regulation, the articles of association or any resolution of the shareholders' meeting;

（三）当董事、高级管理人员的行为损害公司的利益时，要求董事、高级管理人员予以纠正；

(3) demanding any director or senior manager to make corrections if his act has injured the interests of the company;

（四）提议召开临时股东会会议，在董事会不履行本法规定的召集和主持股东会会议职责时召集和主持股东会会议；

(4) proposing to convening temporary shareholders' meetings, and convening and presiding over shareholders' meetings when the board of directors does not exercise the functions of convening and presiding over the shareholders' meetings as prescribed in this Law;

（五）向股东会会议提出提案；

(5) bringing forward proposals at shareholders' meetings;

（六）依照本法第一百五十二条的规定，对董事、高级管理人员提起诉讼；

(6) initiating actions against directors or senior managers according to Article 152 of this Law; and

（七）公司章程规定的其他职权。

(7) other duties as prescribed by the articles of association.

第五十五条监事可以列席董事会会议，并对董事会决议事项提出质询或者建议。监事会、不设监事会的公司的监事发现公司经营情况异常，可以进行调查；必要时，可以聘请会计师事务所等协助其工作，费用由公司承担。

Article 55 The supervisors may attend the meetings of the board of directors as non-voting delegates, and may raise questions or suggestions on the matters to be decided by the board of directors.If the board of supervisors or supervisor of the company with no board of directors finds that the company is running abnormally, it (he) may make investigations. Where necessary, it (he) may hire an accounting firm to help it (him) with the relevant expenses being born by the company.

第五十六条监事会每年度至少召开一次会议，监事可以提议召开临时监事会会议。监事会的议事方式和表决程序，除本法有规定的外，由公司章程规定。监事会决议应当经半数以上监事通过。监事会应当对所议事项的决定作成会议记录，出席会议的监事应当在会议记录上签名。

Article 56 The board of supervisors shall hold meetings at least once a year. The supervisors

may propose to hold temporary meetings of the board of supervisors.The discussion methods and voting procedures of the board of supervisors shall be prescribed in the articles of association, unless it is otherwise stimulated in this Law.The resolution of the board of supervisors shall be adopted by half or more of the supervisors. The board of supervisors shall make records for the resolutions on the matter it discusses, which shall be signed by the supervisors in presence.

第五十七条监事会、不设监事会的公司的监事行使职权所必需的费用，由公司承担。

Article 57 The expenses necessary for the board of supervisors or the supervisor of a company with no board of supervisors to perform its (his) duties shall be borne by the company.

第三节一人有限责任公司的特别规定

Section 3 Special Provisions on One-person Limited Liability Companies

第五十八条一人有限责任公司的设立和组织机构，适用本节规定；本节没有规定的，适用本章第一节、第二节的规定。本法所称一人有限责任公司，是指只有一个自然人股东或者一个法人股东的有限责任公司。

Article 58 The provisions of this Section shall apply to the establishment and organizational structure of a one-person limited liability. As for any matter not prescribed in this Section, it shall be subject to the provisions of Sections 1 and 2 of this Chapter.The term "one-person limited liability company" as mentioned in this Law refers to a limited liability company with only one natural person shareholder or a juridical person shareholder.

第五十九条一人有限责任公司的注册资本最低限额为人民币十万元。股东应当一次足额缴纳公司章程规定的出资额。一个自然人只能投资设立一个一人有限责任公司。该一人有限责任公司不能投资设立新的一人有限责任公司。

Article 59 The minimum amount of registered capital of a one-person limited liability company shall be RMB 100, 000 Yuan. The shareholder shall, in a lump sum, pay the capital contribution as specified in the articles of association. One natural person is allowed to establish merely one one-person limited liability company which shall not set up any further one-person limited liability company.

第六十条一人有限责任公司应当在公司登记中注明自然人独资或者法人独资，并在公司营业执照中载明。

Article 60 A one-person limited liability company shall, in the company registration, give a clear indication that it is solely-funded by one natural person or one juridical person, and the same shall be specified in the business license of the company.

第六十一条一人有限责任公司章程由股东制定。

Article 61 The articles of association of a one-person limited liability company shall be formulated by the shareholders.

第六十二条一人有限责任公司不设股东会。股东作出本法第三十八条第一款所列决定时，应当采用书面形式，并由股东签字后置备于公司。

Article 62 A one-person limited liability company may not set up the board of directors. When the shareholders make a decision on any of the matters as listed in Article 38 of this Law, they shall make it in written form, and preserve it in the company after signed by the shareholders.

第六十三条一人有限责任公司应当在每一会计年度终了时编制财务会计报告，并经会计师事务所审计。

Article 63 A one-person limited liability company shall make a financial statement at the end

of every fiscal year, which shall be subject to the audit by an accounting firm.

第六十四条一人有限责任公司的股东不能证明公司财产独立于股东自己财产的，应当对公司债务承担连带责任。

Article 64 If the shareholder of a one-person limited liability company is unable to prove that the property of the one-person limited liability company is independent from his own property, he shall bear joint liabilities for the debts of the company.

第四节国有独资公司的特别规定

Section 4 Special Provisions on Solely State-funded Companies

第六十五条国有独资公司的设立和组织机构，适用本节规定；本节没有规定的，适用本章第一节、第二节的规定。本法所称国有独资公司，是指国家单独出资、由国务院或者地方人民政府委托本级人民政府国有资产监督管理机构履行出资人职责的有限责任公司。

Article 65 The provisions of this Chapter shall apply to the establishment and organizational structure of the solely state-owned companies. Any matter not prescribed by this Chapter shall be subject to the provisions of Sections 1 and 2 of this Chapter.The term "solely state-owned company" as mentioned in this law refers to a limited liability company established through investment solely by the state, for which the State Council or the local people's government authorizes the state-owned assets supervision and administration institution of the people's government at the same level to perform the functions of the capital contributors.

第六十六条国有独资公司章程由国有资产监督管理机构制定，或者由董事会制订报国有资产监督管理机构批准。

Article 66 The articles of association of a solely state-owned company shall be formulated by the state-owned assets supervision and administration institution, or shall be drafted by the board of directors and then be reported to the state-owned assets supervision and administration institution for approval.

第六十七条国有独资公司不设股东会，由国有资产监督管理机构行使股东会职权。国有资产监督管理机构可以授权公司董事会行使股东会的部分职权，决定公司的重大事项，但公司的合并、分立、解散、增减注册资本和发行公司债券，必须由国有资产监督管理机构决定；其中，重要的国有独资公司合并、分立、解散、申请破产的，应当由国有资产监督管理机构审核后，报本级人民政府批准。前款所称重要的国有独资公司，按照国务院的规定确定。

Article 67 A solely state-owned company shall not set up the shareholders' meeting, and the functions of the shareholders' meeting shall be exercised by the state-owned assets supervision and administration institution. The state-owned assets supervision and administration institution may authorize the board of directors of the company to exercise some of the functions of the shareholders' meeting and decide on important matters of the company, excluding those that must be decided by the state-owned assets supervision and administration such as merger, split-up, dissolution of the company, increase or decrease of registered capital as well as the issuance of corporate bonds. The merger, split-up, dissolution or application for bankruptcy of an important solely state-owned company shall be subject to the examination of the state-owned assets supervision and administration institution, and then be reported to the people's government at the same level for approval. The term "important solely state-owned company" as mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be determined according to the provisions of the State Council.

第六十八条国有独资公司设立董事会，依照本法第四十七条、第六十七条的规定行使职权。董事每届任期不得超过三年。董事会成员中应当有公司职工代表。董事会成员由国有

资产监督管理机构委派；但是，董事会成员中的职工代表由公司职工代表大会选举产生。董事会设董事长一人，可以设副董事长。董事长、副董事长由国有资产监督管理机构从董事会成员中指定。

Article 68 A solely state-owned company shall establish the board of directors, which shall exercise its functions according to Articles 47 and 67 of this Law. Every term of office of the directors shall not exceed 3 years. The board of directors shall comprise representatives of the employees. And the members of the board of directors shall be designated by the state-owned assets supervision and administration institution, but of whom the representatives of the employees shall be elected through the meeting of the representatives of the employees of the company. The board of directors shall have one chairman and may have a deputy chairman. The chairman and deputy chairman shall be designated by the state-owned assets supervision and administration institution from the members of the board of directors.

第六十九条国有独资公司设经理，由董事会聘任或者解聘。经理依照本法第五十条规定行使职权。经国有资产监督管理机构同意，董事会成员可以兼任经理。

Article 69 A solely state-owned company shall have a manager, who shall be hired or dismissed by the board of directors and exercise his authorities according to Article 50 of this Law. Upon consent of the state-owned assets supervision and administration institution, the members of the board of directors may concurrently hold the post of manager.

第七十条国有独资公司的董事长、副董事长、董事、高级管理人员，未经国有资产监督管理机构同意，不得在其他有限责任公司、股份有限公司或者其他经济组织兼职。

Article 70 None of the chairman, deputy chairman, directors and senior managers of a solely state-owned company may concurrently hold a post in any other limited liability company, joint stock limited company or any other economic organization, unless it is permitted by the state-owned assets supervision and administration institution.

第七十一条国有独资公司监事会成员不得少于五人，其中职工代表的比例不得低于三分之一，具体比例由公司章程规定。监事会成员由国有资产监督管理机构委派；但是，监事会中的职工代表由公司职工代表大会选举产生。监事会主席由国有资产监督管理机构从监事会成员中指定。监事会行使本法第五十四条第（一）项至第（三）项规定的职权和国务院规定的其他职权。

Article 71 The board of supervisors of a solely state-owned company shall comprise at least 5 persons, of whom the employees' representatives shall account for not less than 1/3, and the concrete percentage shall be specified in the articles of association. The members of the board of supervisors shall be appointed by the state-owned assets supervision and administration institution, however, of whom the employees' representatives shall be elected through the meeting of representatives of the employees of the company. The chairman of the board of supervisors shall be appointed by the state-owned assets supervision and administration institution from the members of the board of supervisors. The board of supervisions shall exercise the functions as mentioned in Article 54 (1) through (3) of this Law and those prescribed by the State Council.

第三章有限责任公司的股权转让

Chapter III Transfer of Shares of Joint Stock Limited Company

第七十二条有限责任公司的股东之间可以相互转让其全部或者部分股权。股东向股东以外的人转让股权，应当经其他股东过半数同意。股东应就其股权转让事项书面通知其他股东征求同意，其他股东自接到书面通知之日起满三十日未答复的，视为同意转让。其他股东

半数以上不同意转让的，不同意的股东应当购买该转让的股权；不购买的，视为同意转让。经股东同意转让的股权，在同等条件下，其他股东有优先购买权。两个以上股东主张行使优先购买权的，协商确定各自的购买比例；协商不成的，按照转让时各自的出资比例行使优先购买权。公司章程对股权转让另有规定的，从其规定。

Article 72 All or some of the stock rights of the shareholders of a limited liability company may be transferred between the shareholders.Where a shareholder intends to transfer his/its stock rights to any non-shareholder, he/it shall be subject to the approval of more than half of the other shareholders. The shareholder shall notify the other shareholders in written form of the matters on the transfer of stock rights for their approval. If any of the other shareholders fails to give it a reply within 30 days after the receipt of the written notice, it shall be deemed to have agreed to the transfer. If half or more of the other shareholders disagree to the transfer, the shareholders who disagree to the transfer shall purchase the stock rights to be transferred. If they refuse to purchase these stock rights, they shall be deemed to have agreed to the transfer. Under the same conditions, the other shareholders have a preemptive right to purchase the stock rights to be transferred upon their approval. If two or more shareholders claim the preemptive rights, they shall determine their respective percentage of purchase through negotiation. If they fail to reach an agreement during the negotiation, they shall exercise the preemptive rights on the basis of their respective percentage of capital contributions. Unless it is otherwise provided for of the transfer of stock rights in the articles of association, the articles of association shall be followed.

第七十三条人民法院依照法律规定的强制执行程序转让股东的股权时，应当通知公司及全体股东，其他股东在同等条件下有优先购买权。其他股东自人民法院通知之日起满二十日不行使优先购买权的，视为放弃优先购买权。

Article 73 When the people's court transfers the stock rights of a shareholder in light of the mandatory enforcement procedures as provided for in laws, it shall notify the company and all the shareholders, and the other shareholders have a preemptive right under the same conditions. If any of the other shareholders fails to exercise their preemptive rights within 20 days after he/it receives the notice of the court, it shall be deemed to have waived his/its preemptive right.

第七十四条依照本法第七十二条、第七十三条转让股权后，公司应当注销原股东的出资证明书，向新股东签发出资证明书，并相应修改公司章程和股东名册中有关股东及其出资额的记载。对公司章程的该项修改不需再由股东会表决。

Article 74 After a company transfers its stock rights according to Articles 72 and 73 of this Law, it shall cancel the capital contribution certificate of the former shareholder, issue a capital contribution certificate to the new shareholder and modify the record on the shareholders and their capital contributions in the articles of association and the register of shareholders. And no voting of the shareholders' meeting is needed for the modification of the articles of association.

第七十五条有下列情形之一的，对股东会该项决议投反对票的股东可以请求公司按照合理的价格收购其股权：

Article 75 Under any of the following circumstances, a shareholder, who votes against the resolution of the shareholders' meeting, may request the company to purchase its stock rights at a reasonable price:

（一）公司连续五年不向股东分配利润，而公司该五年连续盈利，并且符合本法规定的分配利润条件的；

(1) The company has not distributed any profit to the shareholders for 5 consecutive years,

though it has made profits for five consecutive years and meets the profit distribution conditions as prescribed in this Law;

（二）公司合并、分立、转让主要财产的；

(2) The merger, split-up, or transfer of the main properties of the company is undertaken;

（三）公司章程规定的营业期限届满或者章程规定的其他解散事由出现，股东会会议通过决议修改章程使公司存续的。自股东会会议决议通过之日起六十日内，股东与公司不能达成股权收购协议的，股东可以自股东会会议决议通过之日起九十日内向人民法院提起诉讼。

(3) When the business term as prescribed in the articles of association expires or other reasons for dissolution as stipulated in the articles of association occur, the shareholders' meeting makes the company continue existing by adopting a resolution on modifying the articles of association. Within 60 days after the resolution is adopted at the shareholders' meeting, if the shareholder and the company fail to reach an agreement on the purchase of stock rights, the shareholder may file a lawsuit to the people's court within 90 days after the resolution is adopted at the shareholders' meeting.

第七十六条自然人股东死亡后，其合法继承人可以继承股东资格；但是，公司章程另有规定的除外。

Article 76 After the death of a natural person shareholder, his lawful inheritor may inherit the shareholder's qualifications, unless it is otherwise prescribed by the articles of association.

第四章股份有限公司的设立和组织机构

Chapter IV Establishment and Organizational Structure of a Joint Stock Limited Company

第一节设立

Section 1 Establishment

第七十七条设立股份有限公司，应当具备下列条件：

Article 77 The establishment of a joint stock limited company shall meet the following conditions:

（一）发起人符合法定人数；

(1) The number of initiators meets the quorum;

（二）发起人认购和募集的股本达到法定资本最低限额；

(2) The capital stock subscribed for and raised by the initiators reaches the minimum amount of the statutory capital;

（三）股份发行、筹办事项符合法律规定；

(3) The issuance of shares and the preparatory work accord with the provisions of the law;

（四）发起人制订公司章程，采用募集方式设立的经创立大会通过；

(4) The articles of association are formulated by the initiators, and are adopted at the establishment meeting if the company is to be launched by stock floatation;

（五）有公司名称，建立符合股份有限公司要求的组织机构；

(5) The company has a name, and its organizational structure accords with that of a joint stock limited company

（六）有公司住所。

(6) The company has a domicile.

第七十八条股份有限公司的设立，可以采取发起设立或者募集设立的方式。发起设立，是指由发起人认购公司应发行的全部股份而设立公司。募集设立，是指由发起人认购公司应发行股份的一部分，其余股份向社会公开募集或者向特定对象募集而设立公司。

Article 78 A joint stock limited company may be established by ways of promotion or stock