英语词汇学教程期末总结
1、没了what is lexi c ology?词汇学
Lexicology is the study of the vocabulary or lexicon词典of a given language. It deals not only with simple words, but also with complex and compound words. 2、我从Mor ph ology词态学is the study of the forms of words and their compon
ents成分. In morphology, morpheme is a basic concept. Morphemes are considered as the smallest meaningful units which may constitute words or parts of words.
3、Feeling Se man tics语义学is often defined as the study of meaning. Semantics
is usually approached from one of two perspectives: phi loso phi cal or ling uistic 语言的. Ety m ology 语源学is the study of the whole history of words.
First ,some word are not etymologically related to ancient forms.
second…third P2
4、挖空Lexico graphy词典学is closely related to the words in a given language. It
involves the writing and com pil ation编辑of dictionaries, especially dealing with the principles that underlie the process of compil ing and editing dictionaries.
5、Major features of words: 背
1). a word is a sound or combination of sounds which we make voluntarily with
our vocal equipment.
2). a word is symbolic and is used to stand for something else.
3). the word is an uninterruptible unit.
4). a word has to do with its social function.
5). a word may consist of one or more morphemes.
6). Words are part of the large communication system we call language.
7). A word occurs typically in the structure of phrases.
6、Lexical words: are nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Grammatical words are
words like pronouns, prepositions, demonstrative, determiners, conjunctions, auxiliary verbs, and so on.
7、The morphemes are the ultimate grammatical constituents, the smallest
meaningful units of language.
One morpheme: boy, desire, say
Two morphemes: boy+ish, desire+able
Three morphemes: boy+ish+ness, desire+able+ity
Four morphemes: gentle+men+li+ness, un+desire+able+ity
8、Phonemes, which are the smallest working units of sound per se, build up into
morphemes, a morpheme is composed of one or more phonemes.
9、Lexical item as a unit of lexical meaning, which exists regardless of any
inflectional endings it may have or the number of words it may contain. Lexeme is considered an abstract linguistic unit with different variants.
10、Types of morphemes:
1). Bound morphemes and free morphemes
2). Derivational and inflectional morphemes
10、seven types of meaning: 背
conceptual meaning,
connotative meaning,
social meaning,
affective meaning,
reflected meaning,
collocative meaning,
thematic meaning.
11、conceptual meaning, which is sometimes called denotative or cognitive meaning, refers to meanings as presented in a dictionary.
12、connotative meaning is the communicative value of an expression by virtue of what it refers to , over and above its purely conceptual content. Connotations vary from age or age, from society to society, and from individual to individual within the same speech community.
13、roots tend to have a core meaning which is in some way modified by the affix, but determining meaning is sometimes tricky.
14、polysemy refers to the situation in which a word has two or more different meanings.
15、homonymy refers to a situation in which there are two or more words with the same shape.
16、Old English period(450-1066): features: the vocabulary of Old English is almost purely Germanic, a large part of this vocabulary has disappeared from the language.
The Middle English period (1066-1500): features: some of the changes were the results of the Norman Conquest and the conditions which followed that event; others were a continuation of tendencies that had begun to appear in Old English; in grammar，English changed from a highly inflected language to an analytical one. The English vocabulary was characterized by the loss of a large part of the Old English word-stock and the addition of thousands of words from French and Latin.
Early Modern English period (1500-1800): the advent of the printing revolution marked its beginning. Printing played a major role in fostering the norms of spelling and pronunciation. Throughout the modern period, written English has been quite uniform. It is the transitional period from Middle English to Modern English period.
The Modern English period (1800-present): unprecedented growth of scientific vocabulary; the assertion of American English as a dominant variety of the language; the emergence of other varieties known as ‘New Englishes’.
17、major influences on English: 背
The Scandinavian influence
The Norman Conquest
The Latin influence
18、borrowing is the process of imitating a word from a foreign language and, at least partly, adapting it in sound or grammar to the native language. The word thus borrowed is called a loanword or borrowing.
19、three ways of extending the word stock: borrowing words that already exist in other languages; creating entirely new words; forming new words from existing resources within the word stock.
20、English has some built-in processes of creating words: the addition of prefixes
and suffixes; blending; compounding; conversion; back formation.
21、inflection refers to a general grammatical process which combines words and affixes to produce alternative grammatical forms of words. P55看表格的例子22、affixation is the process whereby an affix is attached to a base. Derivation refers to the creation of a new word by means of the addition of an affix to a stem. Two principal kinds of affixation: prefixing and suffixing. Prefixes like un-, pre-, and dis-serve to change the meaning of words, though not usually their part of speech. Suffixes and prefixes often change the grammatical class of words.
23、compounding refers to the method and device of language to form new words by combining or putting together old words. Characteristics : phrases on phonological, syntactic, and semantic grounds.
24、conversion is a process by which a word belonging to one word class is transferred to another word class without any change in form.
P67看Noun-verb:………看P68表格看P74表格
25、backformation is the making of a new word from an older word which is mistakenly assumed to be its derivative.
26、antonymy refers to the relationship of oppositeness of meaning between words.
26、there are many different sources of idioms: every-day life; food and cooking; agricultural life; nautical life and military life; many idioms are related to parts of the body, animals, and colors.
28、idioms can be divided into three groups:
The first group has irregular form but clear meaning.
The second group has a regular form but an unclear meaning.
The third group is irregular both in form and meaning.
Two features of idioms: ambiguity and syntactic peculiarities
29、types of dictionaries: 背
general and specialized dictionaries
monolingual and bilingual dictionaries
electronic and print dictionaries
30、Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
All the definitions are written using the Longman defining vocabulary of just 2000 common words.
The top 3000 most frequent words in spoken and written English are highlighted to show which are the most important to know.
Whether In print, on DVD-ROM, online, via a PDA or mobile phone, the user can access language support whenever and wherever he/she wants.
31、a euphemism is a word or phrase that replaces a taboo word or serves to avoid frightening or unpleasant subjects.
32、classification of euphemisms 背，还要有例子P122
1). Terms of foreign and/or technical origin (e.g. copulation, perspire…)
2).abbreviations (e.g. SOB for son of a bitch…)
3).abstractions and ambiguities (e.g. it for excrement…)
4).indirections (e.g. unmentionables, privates…)
5).mispronunciation (e.g. goldarnit, dadgummit…)
6).litotes or reserved understatement (e.g. not exactly thin for fat…)
7).changing nouns to modifiers (e.g. makes her look slutty for is a slut…)
8). Slang (e.g. pot for marijuana, laid for sex…)
33、slang is the use of informal words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker’s dialect or language. A slang word is often an informal and transient lexical item used by a specific social group.
34、ameliorations refer to the development of more favorable meaning for words. A development of the meaning in the opposite direction, which is perhaps more frequent, is called pejoration. 看P129 第一个表格
35、metaphor is very common in English. It is often considered as a variation in the expression of meanings.
很抱歉总结晚了，这些就是老师画的范围，有些写着背的是必须背的，会出大题，没写的可能是出大题也可能是出小题。最好都熟悉了。大家看着复习吧！但是一定要看书。本人能力有限，总结错的地方还请大家见谅！祝大家词汇学都考好！！！--------张淼
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三、新生调查问卷。 应学院要求，我部针对新生特点起草了一份有关新生学习生活工作各个方面的调查问卷，并在辅导员老师的审核之后印发到新生手中，调查了解了一系列新生的相关适宜，更好的了解了新生需求。 四、英语配音比赛。 为响应学校英语活动月要求，我部在10月下旬举行了英语配音比赛的初赛。这次比赛给具有声线特色的同学特别是性格鲜明，多才多艺的20xx级新生一个充分发挥的舞台，把他们对影视发展和影视配音的兴趣带到现实中来，从而达到推动校园文化，丰富学生课余活动等目的。因为有了前几次配音比赛的举办经验，所以本次比赛我们大致上都把该考虑的细节问题都考虑了，即使比赛现场出现了临时的问题我们也可以及时处理，及时改进。不过，由于参赛队伍空前庞大，场地有限的原因，我们还是出现了一些处理不得当的方面。本次比赛，我们选出本科组合专科组两队组合参加学校的决赛，并获得第二名和第三名的成绩。 五、第六届教师技能大赛。 11月份，我们如期的举行了第六届教师技能大赛。这次教师技能大赛以“初涉梦想舞台，领略教师风采”为主题，为思教专业的同学提供了一个梦想的专业舞台。由于此次比赛要迎合全校教师技能大赛的基本要求，所以此次比赛有诸多不同于往届教师技能大赛。首先，这次教师技能大赛只有思教专业的学生可以参加，可是参赛选手却空前多，积极性
校本课程篮球学期总结,篮球教学工作总结模板
校本课程篮球学期总结，篮球教学工作总结模板篇一：篮球教学工作总结 xx年9月—xx年6月 六年级篮球教学工作总结小学生非常热爱篮球运动，这对篮球训练是个优势，但是他们意志比较薄弱，往往一开始非常积极，但练一段时间后就热情减退。虽然篮球运动是趣味性的项目，但是在身体素质的训练也是比较辛苦的，这对生活水平越来越高，从没有吃过苦的小学生来说是一种挑战。针对以上的问题，结合学生在身体、心理方面的特点，并借鉴其他教师先进的训练方法，结合自己在近一年教学训练中的经验，总结了一些心得。要抓好小学生篮球的训练要注重两方面的内容，一是思想上的认识，二是体能技术上的训练。 一、青少年对篮球运动有浓厚的兴趣是无庸质疑的，但喜欢打篮球与篮球训练是两个概念。打篮球是比较愉悦的事情，而篮球训练有时是要经常重复才能达到技术的熟炼，往往这时的篮球运动是枯燥的，这对小学生以兴趣支撑起来的对篮球运动的喜爱就提出了考验。 （一）、教师要成为学生的偶像。小学生处于树立偶像的年龄段，他们一般都有自己的偶像，对喜欢篮球运动的学生来说他们的偶像一般是篮球明星。他们为了更多的了解篮球，经常去看nba，对明星所做的动作经常赞叹不已，还经常去模仿。针对学生这一特点教师要积极的利用，教师在做示范动作时，把动作尽量作到完美；在学生
进行教学比赛时，教师参与其中，教师充分展示自己，让学生感觉到老师有水平，有好多地方值得去学习。 （二）、要成为学生的朋友。小学生自我观念比较强，事事追求平等，如果教师高高在上，对学生做不到的地方就大声呵斥，无疑会给师生之间的交流带来障碍。另外中学生的逆反心理比较强，如果事事和你作对，那么你的训练效果必定大打折扣，教师要抓住学生的心理特点，采用恰当的交流方式成为学生的朋友，只有成为学生的朋友你说的话学生才听得进去，教学才能达到事半功倍的效果。 （三）、加强对篮球运动的重要性讲解，提高认识。我们做什么事首先要考虑他有多大的价值，做起事来才有一定的目的性。学生所理解的篮球运动一般的概念是锻炼身体，这只是对篮球运动肤浅的认识。要想让学生了解的更深刻一些，就要专门的给他们讲，从大的的方面讲，通过篮球的教学、训练和比赛，可以使身体得到全面的锻炼。它对于增强学生体质，保持身心健康和培养优良品质都具有重要意义。它能提高队员各感受器官的功能，对提高神经系统的灵活性及其协调能力、改善内脏器官的功能，都有良好的作用。运动训练的根本目的在于充分发挥队员的生理、心理潜力，通过练习和比赛，使学生认识团结、互助的重要性。培养战胜自我、勇敢顽强的竞争精神。通过训练，提高运动水平，为校增光。从小的方面讲，随着篮球的普及，各个镇区都举行各种形式的比赛，这为篮球爱好者搭建了一个展示自己的舞台，既能为自己的班级争光。通过仔细的讲解，学生对篮球运动认识更深刻，训练起来也比较积极。
(完整word版)英语词汇学复习大纲整理
1 B a s i c C o n c e p t s 基本概念 1.1 the definition of a word （ alone in a sentence. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.） 1.2 sound and meaning ：symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary and conventional . A dog is called a dog not because the sound and the three letters that make up the word just automatically suggest the animal in question. 1.3 sound and form ： 1.4 vocabulary 1.5 classification of words 词汇分类 basic word stock 基本词汇 nonbasic vocabulary 非基本词汇 by use frequency 按使用频率分： basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 基本词汇和非基本词汇 by notion 按概念分： content words and functional words 实义词和功能词 by origin 按起源分： native words and borrowed words 本地词和外来词 all national character 全民性 stability 稳定性 productivity 多产性 polysemy 一词多义 collocability 搭配性 terminology 术语 jargon 行话 slang 俚语 argon 黑话 dialectal words 方言词 archaism 古语词 neologism 新词 neutral in style 文体上中性 frequent in use 使用频繁 native words 本地词 borrowed words 外来词 denizens 同化词 aliens 异形词 translation-loans 译借词 1. No enough letters: alphabet from Latin 2. Pronunciation changed more rapidly 3. Early scribes: change spelling for easier recognition 4. Borrowing: different rules of pronunciation and spelling obvious characteristics 明显的特点 (Functional words do not have notions of their own and their main function is to express the relation between notions, words, etc.)
期末学习总结
期末学习总结 总结一：期末学习总结 一个学期的时光就这样匆匆忙忙地过去了，在这一年中我做了很多工作，也学习了很多、得到了很多的教学经验。回顾是为了更好的发展，下面就本学期的工作、学习进行总结和反思。 20xx年，我在工作上，兢兢业业，热爱本职工作。我以这份“教书育人”的工作为荣。爱身边的孩子，爱这份工作。为孩子们着想。尽一切可能地对孩子们给予理解、宽容、尊重、爱。我更是常常这样想：教师，启迪孩子的心志，是教书育人者，教师的政治思想觉悟会直接影响到孩子的行为。因此，在思想上就应该高定位，更应本着求实好学的精神积极参加各项政治学习活动，做到人到思想到，认真体会其精神实质，并做好记录，贯彻到实际工作中，遵守考勤纪律等。 尤其要在孩子们面前，树立良好的教师形象。本着总结经验，进行反思，弥补不足的思想，对自己的个人专业发展情况做以下总结： 一、力求做到以提高自身素质为准绳，提升新课程教学理念为基准的思想，积极参加各级部门组织的培训活动。参加了本校组织的新教师培训活动，在培训活动中提升了自身能力，并得到了锻炼和提高，促进了自身素质的不断更新;利用课余时间研究了教育教学刊物上发表的文章，吸取精华，积极参与教科研课题，使自己的教育科研水平更有了相应的提高;利用学校的现有资源积极开发校本课程，大胆尝试，使自己的教材开发及处理能力再上了一个台阶，同时，利用网络资源在与其他教师研讨交流并实践的过程中，提高了自己在教学中与其他学科整合的能力和理念。 二、在专业知识和技能方面，积极参加了学校组织的各种教育教研活动，主动学习，积极讨论交流，更进一步提高了自己的教育科研水平，以探求适合自己所教学生的教学模式。 本学年的教育教学工作结束了，但仍需要继续更进一步的提高，我现在初步计划在下一学年里更加继续深入学习，使自己的自身素质和能力得以不断完善。对于上级组织的各类培训，我将不遗余力地积极参加，并且以认真的态度对待每一次培训。同时珍惜每一次培训学习的机会，在培训中务实、求真，做到学有所获，学有所用，从提高自身素质和能力的角度出发，弥补自身不足，更进一步提高自身具有的能力和素养，为教育事业发挥一名教师应有的作用。 总之，在本学年的教学工作里，我更清楚地认识到时间不等人，不能只在原处守望，必须更明确地树立终身学习观，不断学习，不断充实自己，不断前进，练就自己更坚实过硬的专业等知识技能，更应该把自己的本质工作做好。 在这一学期的工作中我有一定的收获也有一定的不足，我相信我们在工作学习中不断的总结经验，不断的完善自我，同时也谢谢领导与各位同事对我的关心，是大家的鼓励给我有希望、让我成长、让我不断的进步。我会不负众望用我的热心与爱心回报给每一位学生，履行好人民教师应该做的责任。 总结二：期末学习总结
对于一门课学期的总结(4篇)
对于一门课学期的总结（4篇）对于一门课学期的总结第一篇： 眨眼一个学期过了，这一学期中学到了很多关于计算机的知识及应用，收获颇丰，虽然之前对于这些都有接触和了解，但通过学习才知道自己了解的还是太少了，只有通过学习才能知道自己的不足，而通过这一学期计算机的学习正好弥补了自己的不足。虽然还有很多地方掌握的不是很好，但以后我会通过不断地练习去慢慢掌握。通过这一学期的学习，我通过结合自己本身有了几点体会： 1 初学者对计算机都是比较薄弱的，对一些应用操作理解起来很困难要从整体上较好理解很把握应用软件，不是仅仅靠买几本专业书就能知道的，我们平时不仅要多做练习，记笔记，还要实际应用。 2 要多了解相关知识，读思考，多提问题，多问几个为什么，要学以致用，计算机网络使学习、生活、工作的资源消耗大为降低。我们是新一代的人用的都是高科技，也随着现的社会日新月异，高科技的，需要掌握一定的计算机知识，才能更好的帮助我们工作，生活。不过有时也要动我们的脑子，要个人亲身去体会，去实践，把各项命令的位置，功能，用法记熟，做熟。 3 提高我们整体的知识，打好基础。学习这一部分内容时授课老师深入浅出，让我们自己积极动手操作，结合实践来提高自己的操作能力，使每个学员得到了一次锻炼的机会、
其次，学习了常用的办公软件，主要有word，excel，powerpoint等，以及常用的计算机知识的应用技巧，同时也学习了一些解决实际应用过程中经常出现的问题的方法，相信这次学习，会让我今后的工作中运用电脑时能够得心应手、为了提高大家的认识，老师不仅采用操作演示的办法，而且还为我们提供实践操作的机会。 同时学习中我们不仅学到很多计算机方面的知识，更重要的是增进了和其他学员之间的交流、同学们坐一起畅所欲言，互相讨论，交流，把自己不理解，不明白的地方提出来，让老师来帮助解决，这样使得相互之间都得到了学习，巩固知识的机会，提高了学习的效率、 通过这次学习我真正体会到了计算机知识的更新是很快的，随着教育体制的改革和教育理念的更新，以及信息技术的飞速发展，如何接受新的教育理念，转变我们传统的教育观念，来充实我们的计算机技能，已经成为我们每一个人必须要解决的第一个问题、只有不断地学习，才能掌握最新的知识，才能以后把工作做得更好、我们也渴望能够多学关于计算机方面的知识、 我相信更多的学习机会中，我们懂的也会越来越多。 对于一门课学期的总结第二篇： 时光如梭，忙碌的一个学期又已经结束，回头看看这一学期的大学英语教学工作还是有不少值得总结的地方，现将本学期大学英语课程总结如下： 首先《大学英语》课程是高等院校各专业一门重要的必
英语词汇学期末论文
英语词汇学期末论文 题目：浅析英语词汇巧记法 专业：英语 班级：13级3班 学号：201313010309 姓名：黄旷静 完成时间：2015年1月14号
浅析英语词汇巧记法 摘要：词汇是英语学习的基础，没有足够的词汇量就不可能高水平的掌握英语这门外语，而浩瀚的词汇海洋让很多人望而生畏。尽管花费了大量时间精力去背，记忆的效果却差强人意，原因就在于没有使用科学的方法记忆词汇。其实，世间万物都是有规律性的，英语单词的组词与构词方法也有规律，了解了它的规律有利于我们有效甚至高效学习英语单词。为了提高单词记忆的效率，本文从不同方面介绍几种记忆方法。 关键词：词汇科学记忆规律效率 一．读音记忆法 1.拼读法 英语是拼音文字，英语中的单词的读音大多是有规律的，熟悉字母及字母组合的发音规则，掌握正确的拼法与读音之间的关系，可以根据单词的读音，降低记忆难度，正确地拼写单词。 例如ay读[ei]。带有ay字母组合的词，如say，day，way，pay，may，play，spray，不仅发音容易，而且拼写也没有任何困难。Sh ch tion ture 等也都有固定读音，ee发音为i: culture 文化pasture牧场mature 成熟的architecture 建筑学带有true的单词也都能很方便的记忆下来
2.谐音法 尽管有些人认为用这种谐音记忆法记忆单词不科学，不利于正确掌握发音，但实践证明，对尚未掌握外语的构词特点和记词规律的初学者来说，采用谐音法记单词确实能有效地记住一部分难记的单词。但是，在用谐音法记单词时需要特别注意，绝不可将其作为模仿发音的依据，只能作为记忆单词时的谐音联想手段，以加强记忆，而必须按照单词的标准发音去读记，以避免这种记词法干扰正确发音。用谐音法记单词是，根据外语单词的读音到中文中寻找与其读音相似的谐音，寻找到谐音与单词的联系。用这种方法甚至可能达到终身不忘，这也正是谐音记忆法的绝妙之处。 例如：mouth嘴[联想：说话“冒失”的就是嘴] think想[联想：想时要“深刻”] 二．联想法 1.拆分联想 科学研究表明：联想是记忆的基础。世界著名的生理学家巴甫洛夫指出："记忆要依靠联想，而联想则是新旧知识建立联系的产物。”联想法是联想记忆的进一步运用和发展。它是指学习者展开积极丰富的想象力，使所要记忆的知识生动、形象化，通过联想在新旧知识(如英语熟词词义与生词词义)之间建立起一种联系，从而达到以旧带新、快速记忆的目的。
大学英语词汇学期末考试 重点复习资料整理 权威版 后附试题
2012词汇学复习资料 The development of the English Vocabulary 1.Indo-European Language Family The Indo-European Language Family is considered as one of the most important language families. It includes most languages of Europe, the Near East, and India. Those languages, which are believed to have originated from this language family and developed alone different lines, show various degrees of similarity to one another. They fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern Set东部诸语族: Balto-Slavic波罗的-斯拉夫语, Indo-Iranian印度伊朗语族, Armenian 亚美尼亚语族and Albanian阿尔巴尼亚语族; a Western Set: 西部诸语族Celtic凯尔特语族, Italic 意大利语族, Hellenic希腊语族, Germanic日尔曼语族. All the languages in both sets shed some influence on English to a greater or lesser extent because each has lent words into the English vocabulary. Prussian普鲁士语 Lithuanian立陶宛语 Polish波兰语 Balto-Slavic波罗的-斯拉夫语Czech捷克斯洛伐克语 Bulgarian保加利亚语 Slovenian斯洛文尼亚语 Russian Albanian阿尔巴尼亚 Persian波斯语 Hindi北印度语 Indo-Iranian印度伊朗语系Bengali孟加拉语 Romany，吉卜赛语 Armenian亚美尼亚语 Portuguese Spanish Italic意大利语族Italian Roumanian罗马尼亚语 French Indo-European Language Family Irish Celtic凯尔特语Breton Scottish Norwegian挪威语 Icelandic，冰岛语 Danish丹麦语 Germanic Swedish瑞典语 日尔曼语言English Dutch Flemish German Hellenic，古希腊语- Greek
学生期末学习总结
学生期末学习总结 光阴似箭，日月如梭。转眼间一个充实而又忙碌的学期匆匆过去了。我通过归纳，总结了一些经验。所谓“总结经验，吸取教训，才能有所长进。 虽然我的语文还不错，但是语文也可以算是我的弱点。这是因为我常常粗心大意而时常丢分。尤其在选择题和翻译句子的题上。而且失分严重的是在课外阅读理解题。我就总是想为了写快一点，答题没有答准，因此常常被扣分。不过现在好多了，考试时间充足，我就有足够的时间来慢慢做题。现在我也养成了仔细检查的好习惯。把剩下的时间来发呆不如好好检查几遍，那就可以争取少扣一些分了。 数学其实也不难，但是我却总在细节上不注意。我常常忘了答、忘了画图、要写的句子没写等等。上一次期末模拟考试，我居然漏看了一个大题，还好是模拟考试，不然一个题十分，我可不舍得。但是那次模拟考试给我提了个醒：看题时一定要仔细。这个学期我的数学成绩有很大进步，在我眼里数学现在越来越简单了。 英语一直是我最喜欢的科目。英语方面我在班上一直是名列前茅。如果学英语的基础没有打好，学起来就会很
吃力;相反，如果基础好的话就会相对轻松一点。学英语最重要的部分就是语法。因此我们应该准备一本“课堂笔记本”。我每个学期都要准备一本，复习起来就可以方便巩固所学过的知识。我认为仅仅靠记语法还是不够的，老师说了每天至少听二十分钟英语。这样可以通过记住别人的正确发音从而纠正自己的发音。 政治以前是我十分头疼的科目。我在上个学期政治成绩总是上不去，老师让大家记笔记时我也不知道从何入手。不过，现在我慢慢养成了勤做笔记的习惯。在考试之前，我边看笔记边整理归纳知识，看着看着就熟悉了课本，考试也没有那么麻烦了。我的政治成绩现在也渐渐变好了，每次考试都是九十分以上。曾经让我头疼的政治，现在让我为它感到自豪了。 不知不觉间，初一的时光转瞬即逝，我们马上就要升上初二了。让我们以新的动力、新的目标来迎接崭新的初二生活。 (本范文仅供参考，希望能够有所帮助！) 附：