七年级下 名词

名词

可数名词和不可数名词。

a.不可数名词：milk, snow, water, beauty, peace, science ……

b.可数名词:

个体名词(表示单个人或事物): ball, book, pen, car ……

【注】个体名词前可以加不定冠词a/an表示一类。

集体名词（表示一类人或事物总称）：police警察, public公众,

family家庭，class班级

【注】

1、family家庭，class班级，team队等集体名词在句子中作主语时，如果看做一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；强调集体中的成员时，谓语动词常用复数形式。例： His family has moved to Shanghai.他家搬到上海去了。

His family are watching TV now.他的家人正在看电视。

2、police警察，常加定冠词the ,做主语时，谓语动词只用复数形式。

例 The police are running after a thief.

3、很多情况下，集体名词做主语，谓语动词可以用单数形式或复数形式。

例 The public has/have the right to know the fact.公众有权知道真相。

二、可数名词和不可数名词。

可数名词

1.可数名词有单复数，表示单个人或者事物时是单数形式，可以用不定冠词a/an 来修饰。

表示两个或两个以上的概念时，用名词复数表示，其复数前可以用 a few, few, some, many, lots of, a lot of, a number of等修饰,也可用数词修饰。

例：an apple(apple是以元音发音开头的单词)，a useful book, a car, two apples/cars, many trees

2、可数名词单数做主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式；可数名词复数做主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。

例：Here are lots of books on the desk.

Here is a book on the desk.

【名词复数变化规则】

1.复数形式的构成方法

(1) 一般在复数名词后加“s”。读作/s/or/z/

dog – dogs book – books radio – radios

zoo – zoos room房间 - rooms

(2) 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”。读作/iz/

box – boxes watch – watches wish-wishes bus-buses 在此，特殊记忆以下几个单词

“黑人，英雄，土豆，西红柿”

Negro-Negroes hero-heroes potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes (3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es”。读作 /iz/

country – countries factory – factories

请区别：如果是元音字母加y 结尾的名词则只须加“s”

boy – boys monkey – monkeys

(4) 以f、fe 结尾的名词,变f、fe 为v再加“es”。读作 /vz/

half – halves shelf – shelves

knife – knives leaf – leaves

wife – wives

2.特殊变化的单词

(1)单复数同形

Chinese – Chinese deer-deer

Japanese – Japanese sheep – sheep

例：I am Chinese. I am a Chinese girl.

(2)变元音字母oo为ee

tooth – teeth foot – feet goose-geese

(3)变man为 men

man – men woman – women Englishman-Englishmen

policeman – policemen Frenchman – Frenchmen

请区别：German(德国人,德国人的) – Germans

(4)其它形式

child – children mouse – mice

3.一些合成名词的复数构成分两种情况

(1) man, woman 构成的合成词，每个名词都要变成复数

a man doctor – men doctors

a woman teacher – women teachers

4.常以复数形式出现的名词

people clothes police socks shorts

trousers glasses（眼镜）

这些复数名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数

My clothes are newer than yours.

The police often come here.

注意：

可数名词也可用量来表示， of 后用复数

There are two bags of clothes over there.

We have five boxes of apples.

不可数名词：

1.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数

例： There is some water in the glass.

Some bread is over there.

2、不可数名词不可以用a/an，或具体的数词修饰。但是可以用little,

a little, a bit of, some, much,how much, any， a lot of, lots of, plenty of等修饰。

例：They have much money.他们有很多钱。

He does little homework at home.他在家几乎不做作业。

3.常用a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a bottle of等来表示不可数名词的量。

There is a piece of paper in the book.

Three glasses of orange are on the desk.

物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如: water，rice，fish，meat 等。

特别记住：

work工作 chalk（粉笔） time时间 room(空间) music

money weather天气 cotton（棉花，棉布） homework作业wood木材 information信息 news新闻 medicine药

culture文化

【注】有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同。

(1) glass(玻璃)– a glass(玻璃杯) work(工作) – a work(著作)

room(空间) – a room(房间)

(2)fruit(水果) – fruits (各种水果)

culture文化-cultures（各种文化）

time(时间) – times(时代，次数)

三、名词的一般用法

名词做定语

1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数

He has two pencil cases.

There are three banana trees over there.

2.man /woman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致

We need a man teacher.

They are all women workers.

3.sports,clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式

a sports field(运动场) a clothes shop

4. 当数词与单位名词一起做定语时，单位名词往往用单数形式,数词与单位

名词用“-”连接。

He is a fourteen-year-old boy.

This is a two-hour plan.

名词做主语

应注意名词的数，避免主谓不一致。

Her family is a large one and her family are all teachers.

她家是一个大家庭,她的家人都是老师。

There is a pair of glasses on the desk.

桌上有一副眼镜

有些名词的所有格可用两种形式

the cat’s name / the name of the cat

China’s ca pital/ the capital of China

名词单选

1. Lucy and Lily＿＿＿in the same class.

A. am

B. is

C. are

D. be

2. —＿＿＿is the meat. Please?

—Ten yuan a kilo.

A How much

B How many

C How old

D How long

3. Hurry up!There is＿＿＿time left.

A little

B a little

C few

D a few

4. How many ＿＿＿can you see in the picture?

A tomatos

B tomatoes

C tomato

D the tomato

5. Which is the ＿＿＿to the bus stop，please?

A road

B way

C street

D address

6 The boy's name is James Allen Green. So his given name is＿＿＿.

A James Allen

B Allen Green

C James Green

D Mr. Green

7 Shanghai is one of the biggest＿＿＿in our country.

A city

B city's

C citys

D cities

8 Would you please pass me＿＿＿?

A two paper

B two papers

C two pieces of paper

D two pieces of papers

9 September 10th is ＿＿＿Day.

A Teacher

B Teachers

C Teacher's

D Teachers'

10 I only have＿＿＿bread for lunch today.

A a bit

B a bit of

C little

D few

11 “What would you like, Ann? ”“I'd like two＿＿＿.”

A glass of milk

B glasses of milk

C glass of milks

D glasses of milks

12 There isn't ＿＿＿paper in the box. Will you go and get ＿＿＿for me?

A any, some

B any, any

C some, some

D some, any

13 June 1st is＿＿＿.

A Children's day

B children's Day

C Children's Day

D children's day

14 These foreign friends are＿＿＿.

A German

B Germen

C Germany

D Germans

15 All the students are busy, so＿＿＿of them will go to the cinema.

A many

B little

C a few

D few

16 There are three＿＿＿and seven＿＿＿in the picture.

A deers, sheeps

B deers, sheep

C deer, sheep Ddeer, sheeps

17 Whose room is this? It's＿＿＿.

A my

B Kike's and John's

C our

D Kike and John's

二.单项选择（15小题，每小题1分，共15分）

从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。

( ) 21. I can play ______ guitar, and I usually play it on ______ weekends.

A. a; the

B. a; /

C. the; /

D. /; the

( ) 22. Mrs. Read is good ______ music. She can be good ______ children in the music club.

A. at; at

B. with; with

C. at; with

D. with; at

( ) 23. Tom often ______ TV in the evening. He’s _____ TV now.

A. watches; watching

B. watching; watches

C. watch; watching

D. watches; watches

( ) 24. There are 30 __________ in the hospital.

A. woman doctors

B. women doctors

C. woman doctor

D. women doctor

( ) 25. Here ________ a letter for you.

A. is

B. are

C. has

D. have

( ) 26. Can you_____ me a story?

A. speak

B. sing

C. tell

D. talk

( ) 27. Your sister is studying in the room. Let’s _________.

A. quiet

B. be quiet

C. to be quiet

D. to keep quiet

( ) 28. Don’t talk _____ drink in class.

A. and

B. but

C. or

D. so

( ) 29. What do you usually do____ Sunday mornings’.

A. in .

B. at .

C. on..

D. for.

( ) 30. ______do you think of your teacher?

A. How B What C. Which D. Where

( ) 31. ______play computer games after school.

A. Can’t

B. No

C. Not D .Don’t

( ) 32. There are many_________ animals in the zoo. Most of them are ______ cute.

A. kind of; kind of

B. kinds of; kinds of

C. kinds of; kind of

D. kind of; kinds of

( ) 33. –-Where is Mr Jackson?

-- He in the park. He there every Sunday afternoon.

A. walks; walks

B. walks, is walking

C. is walking; walks

D. is walking; is walking

( ) 34. Do you like to go to the movie with me? Sure,_____.

A .I’d love.

B .I’d love to. C.OK. D. That’s right.

( ) 35. –Kim, I’ll go to the park with my parents today.

-- .

A. It is not a good day

B. I don't’ want to go there

C. Have a good time

D. Come back early

三．完形填空（10小题，每小题1分，共10分）

先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前

括号内。

Every school has its own(自己的) rules. In some schools in Asia(亚洲), students 36 smoke(吸烟) or talk loudly. In some schools in

America, each child must look after their 37 well. They should cover the books. But one 38 is very popular around the world: students have to wear 39 on weekdays, but many students don’t like to wear the school uniforms 40 they think the uniforms are the most ugly clothes in the world, but schools don’t let their students wear 41 own clothes at school. Some students 42 beautiful pictures or their favorite stars on their uniforms, because they don’t want to wear the 43 clothes. What do you think 44 it? Do you 45 your school uniform?

( ) 36. A. can’t B. don’t C. needn’t D. aren’t

( ) 37. A. school B. books C. parents D. family

( ) 38. A. school B. class C. rule D. uniform

( ) 39. A. shirts B. skirts C. uniforms D. sweaters

( ) 40. A. because B. if C. when D. before

( ) 41. A. their B. they C. them D. themselves

( ) 42. A. read B. write C. draw D. take

( ) 43. A. good B. same C. cheap D. new

( ) 44. A. for B. on C. with D. of

B. make

C. wash

D. take

四.阅读理解（20小题，每小题1分，共20分）

阅读下面四篇语言材料，然后按要求做题。

A

There are fifty students in our class. There are twenty-four boys and twenty-six girls. Some students live students usually come to school by bike. They often get to school at a quarter to seven. About fifteen students often come to school by bus. They often get to school very early, too. Another ten students come to school on foot. Their homes are near the school, but they are often late for school, because they get up late.

( ) 46. ________ live near the school.

A. Some of the students

B. Half of the students

C. No students

D. All the students

( ) 47. ________ students come to school by bike.

A. Twenty-five

B. Twenty-four

C. Twenty-three

D. Fifty

( ) 48. Ten of the students ________.

A. come to school by bike

B. come to school late

C. come to school very early

D. live in the school

( ) 49. Some students get to school by bike at _______.

A. 7:35

B. 7:30

C. 6:45

D. 6:30

( ) 50. ________ students come to school on foot.

A. Thirty

B. Twenty

C. Thirty-eight

D. Ten

B

Jane always goes to school early. She likes to talk to her friends

before class. After school she does not go home early. She is always late. Jane stops to see the animals in the pet shop. She likes to see the dogs. One of them is a little white dog. She watches the little dog play in the window of the shop. She watches for a long time, so she comes home late.

One day her father and mother ask why she is late, and she tells them about the little dog in the pet shop.

Jane is not late the next day. She stops to look in the window of the shop. But she doesn’t see the dog, and she is very sad. She is also very happy, today is her birthday.

Mother shows her a big birthday cake and Father gives her a birthday surprise(惊奇). He gives her the little white dog from the shop. Jane is very happy. The next day Jane does not come home late. She runs home to play with the white dog.

( ) 51. Before class begins, Jane usually ________.

A. talks to her friends

B. plays with her friends

C. looks at the dogs in the window

D. takes a bus

( ) 52. After school Jane _____.

A. comes home early

B. is always late to go home

C. plays with the dogs

D. looks at the shops along the road ( ) 53.Jane likes _____ best.

A. the big dog

B. the little white dog

C. little animals

D. the pet shop

( ) 54. The little dog is not there because it _______.

A. is stolen(偷)

B. is put away(抛弃) by the shop

C. is ill

D. is sold(卖) out by the shop

( ) 55. The birthday surprise is _________.

A. a big cake

B. some presents

C. the little white dog

D. a birthday party

C

( ) 56. If you want to work in the south, you can apply for （申请）a job as _______.

A. a driver

B. an air hostess

C. a teacher

D. a waiter ( ) 57. You may call _______ when you want to be a teacher.

A. 0775-*******

B. 0411-*******

C. 010-********

D. 0411-*******

( ) 58 Who can be the best person to be a teacher at Instant Language Ltd.?

A. Mike likes studying and exercising.

B. Jack is handsome and good at driving.

C. Dave is a good student. He is also outgoing and good with kids.

D. Mary can speak English very well and likes listening to jokes. ( ) 59 Who can be an air hostess ?

A. Anna is 19 years old.

B. Lily is 1.70 meters tall and 18 years old.

C. Lucy is 1.70 meters tall. And she is studying in a middle school.

D. Lisa is 1.72 meters tall and she can speak three kinds of languages. ( ) 60. Which of the following is not mentioned(被提及) in the three ads?

A. Height.

B. Age.

C. Health.

D. Language.

D

I’m Lisa. I’m a Chinese girl. I go to Canberra, Australia this month. 61 I stay there for about a month. I live with Mr. White, my dad’s old friend. His family members are very friendly to me. They take me to many places of interest in Canberra. 62 .

The schools in Canberra are a little different from those in China. There are about twenty students in each class. 63 Most students go to school by school bus. Classes usually begin at 8:00 in the morning and end at about 4:00 in the

afternoon. Usually, students can sit anywhere they like in the classroom. 64 They often let the students talk about questions, or sometimes they play games with the students in class. 65 I think it is really happy to go to school in Canberra.

根据材料内容，将A-E五个句子填入文中空缺处，使短文内容完整、正确，并将其标号填写在下面题号后的横线上。

61._______ 62.________ 63.________ 64._________ 65._________

五.词语运用（10小题，每小题1分，共10分）

阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺，意思完整，请将答案写在短文后相应题号的横线上。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。方框中有两个词是多余的。

Dear Bob,

My name is Rich. I’m fourteen years old. I’m _66____ in a middle school. My school is nice and clean. There are 30 students in my class. It’s _67____ today. My classmates and I are ___68__ a good time. It’s a nice place. The water __69____ blue and clear. Many birds are flying over the sea. Many people are __70____ in the sea. Some boys are __71___ football. ___72____ are ___73___ and lying on the beach. A girl is drawing pictures on a chair. Another girl is ___74____ photos. I’m __75____ to you! What about you? I hope you can tell me.

Best wishes!

Rich

六.句型转换（5小题，每空0.5分，共5分）

76. Tom rides his bike to school every day. (变同义句)

Tom goes to school every day.

77. Are you from Beijing?（改为同义句）

_______ you ______ from Beijing?

78. She has to do her homework on weekend.(改为一般疑问句)

______she ______to do her homework on weekends?

79. It is 20 kilometers from here. (对画线部分提问)

is it from here?

80. I like elephants because they are friendly.(划线提问)

_________ _________you like elephants?

八.书面表达（10分）

Peter 是一个来自澳大利亚的男孩，刚来到中国，要写一篇介绍自己的文章交朋友，请根据表格提示，帮助他完成一篇60词左右的短文（可适度发挥）。