高考英语(全国通用)：阅读理解(12)文章结构之篇章结构题

高考英语阅读理解专题训练

A

The term “helicopter parents”refers to “a style of parents who are over focused on their children”．Helicopter parents are always making a big push to provide children with every opportunity to succeed，from baby steps at age 1，homework at age 8，college application at age 18，employment issues at age 25 to family problems at age 30,40 or even older.They constantly shadow the child，always directing his behavior，allowing him zero alone time.

Helicopter parenting can develop for a number of reasons.Worries about the economy，the job market，and the world in general can push parents toward taking more control over their child’s life in an attempt to protect them.Adults who felt unloved or ignored as children can overcompensate their own children.When parents see other overinvolved parents，it can cause a similar response.They feel that if they don’t involve themselves in their children’s lives，they are bad parents.

The main problem with helicopter parenting is that it can backfire.To give an example，the house where Mary lived with roommates was broken into and things were stolen.Mary called the landlord(房东) to install an alarm system，but before she could finish the negotiations(协商)，her mother rushed in and demanded action.“I felt like my mother ruined my communication with our landlord.We could have gotten it done ourselves.She was well intended but only made me feel annoyed and defeated，”says Mary.

Obviously，overparenting is motivated with the idea of doing good things but it does the exact opposite.In the long run parents are actually damaging their child’s basic skills to deal with matters independently.It makes the child feel lacking in confidence，less competent in dealing with the stresses of life on their own.They’re winning the battle，but actually losing the war.

1．What’s the purpose of helicopter parents’ overparenting?

A．To do something good for their children.

B．To make their children not ignored.

C．To help their children find a good job.

D．To get rid of the pressure from other parents.

答案 A

解析细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Obviously，overparenting is motivated with the idea of doing good things...”可知“直升机式父母”过分呵护孩子的目的是想做一些有益于孩子们的事情，故答案为A项。

2．What can we learn from the passage?

A．Children who have helicopter parents live a hard life.

B．Helicopter parenting only happens to very young children.

C．Helicopter parents can protect their children against all problems.

D．Helicopter parents do their children great harm in the long run.

答案 D

解析推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，从长远看过分呵护孩子会毁掉孩子独立处理问题的基本技巧，使孩子缺乏自信心，在处理生活压力方面缺乏竞争力。由此可见从长远看，“直升机式父母”对孩子有很大危害，故答案为D项。

3．What will possibly be discussed in the paragraph that follows?

A．The bad effects of helicopter parenting.

B．How we can avoid being helicopter parents.

C．Different opinions about helicopter parenting.

D．The reasons for the development of helicopter parents.

答案 B

解析篇章结构题。文章第一、二段介绍了“直升机式父母”的定义及表现，第三段介绍了产生“直升机式父母”的原因，最后两段介绍了“直升机式父母”的危害。由此可知文章下文应该介绍如何避免成为“直升机式父母”，故答案为B项。

B

The U．S.Postal Service(USPS) is losing billions of dollars a year.The government company that delivers “small mail”is losing out to email and other types of electronic communication.First-class mail amount fell from a high point of 104 million pieces in 2000 to just 64 million pieces by 2014.

Congress permits the 600,000-employee USPS to hold a monopoly(垄断) over first-class and standard mail.The company pays no federal，state or local taxes；pays no vehicle fees；and is free from many regulations on other businesses.Despite these advantages，the USPS has lost 52 billion since 2007，and will continue losing money without major reforms.

The problem is that Congress is preventing the USPS from reducing costs as its sales decline，and is blocking efforts to end Saturday service and close unneeded post office https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8a4589044.html,PS also has a costly union-dominated workforce that slows the introduction of new ideas or methods https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8a4589044.html,PS workers earn significantly higher payment than comparable private-sector workers.The answer is to privatize the USPS and open postal markets to competition.With the rise of the Internet，the argument that mail is a natural monopoly that needs government protection is weaker than ever.

Other countries facing declining letter amounts have made reforms.Germany and the Netherlands privatized their national postal companies over a decade ago，and other European countries have followed suit.Britain floated shares of the Royal Mail on its stock exchange in 2013.Some countries，such as Sweden and New Zealand，have not privatized their national postal companies，but they have opened them up to competition.

These reforms have driven efficiency improvements in all of these countries.Additional number of workers have been reduced，productivity has risen and consumers have benefited.Also，note that cost-cutting measures—such as closing tone post offices—are good for both the economy and the environment.

Privatization and competition also encourage new changes.When the USPS monopoly over “extremely urgent”mail was stopped in 1979，we saw an explosion in efficient overnight private delivery by firms such as FedEx.

The government needs to wake up to changing technology，study postal reforms abroad and let businessmen reinvent our out-of-date postal system.

语篇解读本文为议论文，主要论述了如何解决USPS在经营上遇到的问题。

4．What do we know about the USPS?

A．Its great competitor is the delivery firm FedEx.

B．It is an old public service open to competitions.

C．Its employees don’t pay federal，state or local taxes.

D．It has complete control of first-class and standard mail.

答案 D

解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Congress permits the 600,000-employee USPS to hold a monopoly(垄断) over first-class and standard mail.”可知USPS垄断了“first-class and standard mail”。故D正确。5．The author mentions some other countries in Paragraph 4 to .

A．explain the procedures of reform to the USPS

B．show the advantages of private postal services

C．set some examples for the government to learn from

D．prove the situation is very common around the world

答案 C

解析写作意图题。文章第四段写到其他遇到相同问题的国家都是如何解决的，以此可以推断出是希望政府看到这些例子并效仿。故C正确。

6．The author probably agrees that the USPS .

A．needs government’s protection as ever

B．can work together with other businesses

C．must be replaced by international companies

D．should be sold out and become a private service

答案 D

解析观点态度题。文章第四段中，作者认为解决USPS的问题，政府应该向德国、荷兰等国家学习，那么可推理出这些国家的做法是作者认可的，这些国家的做法可总结为两种：私有化和脱离政府的庇护进入竞争市场。因此答案是D。

7．Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?

I：Introduction CP：Central point P：Point

Sp：Sub-point(次要点) C：Conclusion

答案 B

解析篇章结构题。全文一共七段，第一段和第二段是背景信息，属于Introduction；第三段属于Central point；第四、五段是P1；第六段是P2；第七段进行总结，属于Conclusion。故B正确。

C

Fifty years ago，the well-loved musician Bob Dylan played at the Newport Folk Festival and was widely booed(嘘声)．The audience may have been unhappy but Dylan’s performance helped change the direction of music and culture in the United States.

The mid-1960s were a time of great change.One such place of change was the world of folk music.Bob Dylan became a symbol of change when he moved from acoustic(原声的) to electric guitar.

Rock music historian Elijah Wald has written a new book about the change.It is called “Dylan Goes Electric.”

“There was a moment in the early 1960s when you could look at the Billboard charts and seven of the top 10 albums were folk records.And Joan Baez，Peter Paul and Mary，the Kingston Trio，all had huge，huge，huge number-one records.”

And then this happened：The “British Invasion”introduced the world to the Beatles and grew a huge fan base for rock music.That worried many folk musicians，says Elijah Wald.

They hoped that Bob Dylan would come to the rescue.However，a new Dylan sound came from the stage.

Bob Dylan had gone electric，and the followers of folk music were not pleased.

“When Dylan went electric，I think one of the issues was the feeling that—wait a minute，he’s gone over to the enemy.”

Folk lovers had looked to Bob Dylan to save their movement from rock and roll.But，author Wald says Dylan felt differently about the music.

“Dylan had always liked rock and roll and Dylan didn’t think of rock and roll as stupid music.”

In fact，Dylan was a Beatles fan.He later said that from the first time he heard the Beatles he knew “they were pointing to the direction where music had to go.”

Beyond the music，Dylan’s performance that night also marked a turn in American culture.

8．How did the audience feel when Dylan played at the Newport Folk Festival?

A．Excited. B．Unsatisfied.

C．Respectful. D．Bored.

答案 B

解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的可知观众很不高兴，故选B项。

9．What did folk musicians and followers expect Dylan to do?

A．Change folk music for better.

B．Recover the glory of folk music.

C．Introduce the world to the Beatles.

D．Play rock and roll against the Beatles.

答案 B

解析细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“They hoped that Bob Dylan would come to the rescue.”可知，选B 项。

10．What will the author most probably talk about next?

A．Dylan’s deep love for the Beatles’ rock and roll music.

B．Dylan’s beliefs in the new direction music should go.

C．Dylan’s music as a great contribution to American folk music.

D．Dylan’s performance as a mark of a change in American culture.

答案 D

解析篇章结构题。根据最后一段“Beyond the music，Dylan’s performance that night also marked a turn in American culture.”可知，选D项。

D

Everyone worries about exams，but test anxiety is in another league，causing such fear that it is impossible to do your best.Does your mind go blank in exams？Do you become distracted？Do you score much lower on exams than on homework？Then you may have what psychologists call test anxiety.

Test anxiety involves severe stress before，during or after exams，making it impossible to do your best.It can make your heart feel as if it is racing，and you may submit to “negative self-talk”，convincing yourself you are going to fail or upset.These stressful thoughts，not surprising，can block your brain’s ability to find what is stored in its memory，as well as making it harder to understand the questions and organize your thoughts.Is it possible to stop test anxiety?

Developing good study habits，understanding the exam format and marking scheme(评分方案) can all help to reduce anxiety.But for a greater effect，other methods are also needed，such as relaxation techniques in which you lie down before the exam，close your eyes and focus on breathing while tensing and relaxing group muscles in turn (legs，arms and stomach)．

A study looked at anxious students in math exams and concluded that writing about how worried you feel before the exam may also reduce anxiety.

Be as prepared as possible before the exam，arrive early，and repeat positive statements such as：“Everyone feels anxious；I know I can do this.”Just as in a race，do not look at what everyone else around you is doing.Focus on the paper in front of you.Do a quick skim to evaluate the feel of the overall test.If you feel nervous，take deep breaths and remember that it is just a test.

11．Paragraph 2 mainly talks about .

A．what causes test anxiety

B．how to deal with test anxiety

C．what effects test anxiety brings about

D．why everyone worries about exams

答案 C

解析段落大意题。根据文章第二段第一句“Test anxiety involves severe stress...making it impossible to do your best.”和后几句讲的危害“submit to ‘negative self-talk’，block your brain’s ability to...，making it harder to understand the questions and organize your thoughts”等可知，本段主要谈论考试焦虑带来的影响或危害。故选C项。

12．According to Paragraph 4，a study is mentioned to .

A．explain it is easy to get around test anxiety

B．introduce another good approach to handling test anxiety

C．confirm that math exams are more likely to cause anxiety

D．make a conclusion about how to overcome test anxiety

答案 B

解析推理判断题。根据文章第四段的“...writing about how worried you feel before the exam may also reduce anxiety.”可知，此处提到一项研究是为了介绍另一种应对考试焦虑的好方法——考前把你的顾虑写出来。故选B项。

13．Which of the following shows the structure of the text?

注：P ：Paragraph

答案 D

解析 篇章结构题。通过总结每段的段落大意和划分文章层次可知，第一段引出话题，第二段说明考试焦虑带来的影响，第三、四、五段并列介绍缓解考试焦虑的方法。故选D 项。

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