英语国家概况(修订第二版)习题、单词及答案

Understanding the United Kingdom

Part 1 Geography and History of UK

Section 1 The Land

I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.

1. The highest mountain peak in Britain is in _____.

A. England

B. Scotland

C. Wales

D. Northern Ireland

2. The longest river in Britain is the _____ River.

A. Severn

B. Thames

C. Mersey

D. Humber

3. The largest lake in Britain is located in _____.

A. England

B. Scotland

C. Wales

D. Northern Ireland

4. The highest mountain peak in Britain is called _____.

A. Ben Nevis

B. Cross Fell

C. Snowdonia

D. Scafell

5. The Lake District is well-known for _____.

A. its wild and beautiful scenery

B. its varied lakes

C. the lake Poets

D. all of the above three

6. Which of the following is NOT the feature of British climate?

A. coldness

B. more rainy days

C. changeability

D. more fogs

Keys: 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. A

II. Translate the following into Chinese

1.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国

2.The strait of Dover 多佛海峡

3. the English Channel 英吉利海峡

4.Greenwich 格林尼治

5..The Britain Isles 大不列颠岛

6.The Thames River 泰晤士河

7.The Severn River 塞汶河

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8d14274202.html,ke Neigh 讷湖 9. Lake District 湖区

10.Edinburgh 爱丁堡 11.Glasgow 格拉斯哥

12.Cardiff 加的夫 13. Stonehenge 史前时期巨大石柱

14. the British Isles不列颠群岛 15.the English Channel 英吉利海峡

16. maritime climate海洋性气候；海岸气候 17. loanwords外来语，外来词 18.. Old English古英语（略作OE） 19. Roman Catholic church罗马天主教会；罗马公教

20. .Middle English中世纪英语；中古英语（约1150－约1475年间的英语）

III. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.

___ 1. Northern Ireland a. church leader of a diocese

___ 2. Charlotte Bronte b. Ulster

___ 3. archbishop c. Middle Valley

___ 4. Ben Nevis d. church leader of a province

___ 5. bilingual education e. Britain’s highest mountain

___ 6. Central lowland f. author of Jane Eyre

___ 7. bishop g. teaching in two languages

(Key: 1.d 2.f 3.a 4.e 5.g 6.c 7.b)

Section 2 The People

I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.

1. The English people are descendants of .

A. Celts

B. Romans

C. Anglo-Saxons

D. Danes

2. Middle English took shape about a century after the Conquest.

A. Roman

B. Anglo-Saxon

C. Norman

D. Danish

3. The established church of Britain is .

A. The Church of England

B. Free church

C. The United Reformed Church

D. The Church of Scotland

4. Easter is kept, commemorating the of Jesus Christ.

A. Coming

B. Birth

C. Death

D. Resurrection

Keys: 1. C 2. C 3. A 4. D

II．Match the names of the cities with the descriptions.

Column A Column B

__f__1. Liverpool a. the steel manufacturing center of Britain

__c__2. Hulls b. the former center of textile industry of Britain

__a__3. Sheffield c. the fishing port in Humberside

__b__4. Manchester d. the largest city in Britain

__g__5. Glasgow e. the second largest city in Britain

__d__6. London f. the district of Merseyside

__e__7. Birmingham g. the largest city in Scotland

__i__8. Belfast h. the capital of Wales

__j__9. Edinburgh i. the capital of Northern Ireland

__h__10.Cardiff j. the capital of Scotland

III. Translate the following into Chinese

1.Modern English 现代英语

2.The Church of England 英格兰圣公会

3.Christmas 圣诞节

4.Easter 复活节

5.Westminster Abbey 西敏寺大教堂

6.City of London 伦敦城

7.Outer London 外伦敦 8.Poets' Corner 诗人角

9. Birmingham 伯明翰

IV. True or False

1.England is smaller than the combined territory of Scotland and Wales.

2.The first Christian church was established at Canterbury, England, in 597.

3.The Scottish language is derived from Old English.

4.What kind of language to speak is not important in Great Britain.

5.The present-day English people have inherited the physical characteristics of the Germanic

people and the Celts.

(Key: 1. F (still larger) 2.T 3. F (Old Celtic language) 4. F (extremely important) 5. T

Section 3 Early Man and the Feudal Society

I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.

1. The earliest settlers on the British Isles were the ___________.

A. Celts

B. Gaels

C. Iberians

D. Brythons

2. In 43 A.D., Roman under _______ conquered Britain.

A. Julius Caesar

B. Claudius

C. Augustine

D. the Pope

3. Roman Britain lasted until the year of ______ when all Roman troops went back to the

continent.

A.400 A.D.

B. 410 A.D.

C.445 A.

D. D.449 A.D.

4. Which of the following was NOT a thing of value left behind by Roman?

A.Welsh Christianity

B. the Roman Roads

C. cities

D. enormous wealth

5. The Great Charter was made in the interest of _______.

A. the King

B. the feudal lords

C. the townsmen

D. the merchants

Keys: 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. B

II. Rearrange the following historical events in the order in which they took place.

1. __d____ a. Norman Conquest

2. __b____ b. Anglo-Saxon Conquest

3. __e____ c. the birth of Parliament

4. __a____ d. Roman Conquest

5. __c____ e. Danish Conquest

III. Translate the following into Chinese

1. Roman Conquest 罗马征服 2 . Anglo-Saxon settlement 盎格鲁撒克逊人的定居

3. Edward, the Confessor 信教者爱德华

4. Battle at Hastings 哈斯丁斯战役

5. the Great Charter 大宪章

6. Model Parliament 模范会议

7. Stonehenge巨石阵8. King Arthur 亚瑟王

9. Vikings 维京人/北欧海盗 10. the Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集

11. Danelaw丹麦法律施行区 12. Picts皮克特人 13. Julius Caesar 尤里乌斯凯撒/ 凯撒大帝19. Hadrian’s Wall哈德良长城 20. Robin Hood罗宾汉

IV. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.

1. King Alfred a. itinerant justices

2. knights b. the Father of British Navy

3. Prince of Wales c. heir to the English throne

4. circuit judges d. sworn men

5. Witan e. wise men

(1-b 2-d 3-c 4-a 5-e )

V. True or False

1. The Celts laid the foundations of the English state.

2. Old English originated in Normandy.

3. The Norman Conquest strengthened the cultural connection between the Anglo-Saxons and their relatives in north Europe.

4. The Norman cavalry defeated the Anglo-Saxon troop at Hastings.

5. The bi-linguistic period in English history drew to an end by the late 18th century.

(1.F 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.F)

Section 4 Decline of Feudalism and the Bourgeois Revolution

I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.

1. _______ launched the Hundred Years’ War.

A. Edward Ⅰ

B. Edward Ⅱ

C. Edward Ⅲ

D. Henry Ⅲ

2. War of Roses were fought _____ between the Lacastrians and the Yorkists from 1455 to 1485.

A. constantly

B. irregularly

C. continuously

D. intermittently

3. The House of Tudor was founded in _______.

A. 1455

B. 1465

C. 1475

D. 1485

4. The British Bourgeois Revolution took place in the ______ century.

A. 15th

B. 16th

C. 17th

D. 18th

5. Which of the following statements about the Renaissance is NOT true?

A. the Renaissance was a revival of interest in many things that the early Middle Ages had cared about.

B. the Renaissance was a cultural movement by humanists.

C. the Renaissance spread into England under the Tudor.

D. During the Renaissance, the theatre attained great popularity under Elizabeth.

6. The “glorious revolution” of 1688 put ____ on the throne.

A. Charles Ⅰ

B. Charles Ⅱ

C. James Ⅱ

D. William of Orange

Keys: 1.C 2.D 3.D 4. C 5.A 6. D

II. Translate the following into Chinese

1. Puritan 清教徒

2. The Hund red Years’ War 百年大战

3. Short Parliament 短期议会

4. Long Parliament 长期议会

5. Black Death 黑死病

6. Restoration of the Stuart 斯图亚特王朝复辟

7. “Glorious R evolution” 光荣革命

8. the Wars of Roses 玫瑰战争

9. humanism 人文主义 10. Renaissance文艺复兴

IV. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.

1.Armada a. flower of the

feudalism

2.knights b. peasant leader

3.Watt Tyler c. state church

4.Tudor Monarchy d. New Monarchy

5.Protestantism e. Invincible Fleet

6.Established religion f. Protestant ideology

(1-e 2-a 3-b 4-d 5-f 6-c)

V. True or False

1.Feudalism was established in England soon after the Anglo-Saxon conquest.

2.The Hundred Year’s War co ntinued without interruption for more than 100 years.

3.The ending of the Wars of the roses marked the beginning of the Middle Ages.

4.The Tudor Monarchy was the transitional stage from feudalism to capitalism in English

history.

5.Elizabethan drama rejected humanism and regarded life as a tragedy.

(1.F 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.F)

Section 5 The Industrial Revolution and the Chartist Movement

Ⅰ. Choose the best answer and circle the letter before it.

1. The British Industrial Revolution first began in the industry.

A. iron and steel

B. textile

C. coal-mining

D. ship-building

2. invented the “spinning Jenny.”

A. James Hargreaves

B. Richard Arkwright

C. Edmund Cartwright

D. James Watt

3. The author of Wealth of Nations is .

A. Adam Smith

B. David Richardo

C. Thomas Malthus

D. Robert Owen

Keys: 1.B 2.A 3.A

II Match the inventions in Column B with the inventors in Column A.

Column A Column B

1. c James Hargreaves a. spinning machine run by water power

2. a Richard Arkwright b. the steam engine

3. d Edmund Cartwright c. the “Spinning Jenny”

4. b James Watt d. the power loom

III. Key Terms:

1. gunpowder plot 火药阴谋（1605年英国天主教徒在国会地下室放置炸药企图炸死国王）

2. natural selection 自然选择；物竞天择说

3. Origin of Species 物种起源

IV. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.

1. Oliver Cromwell A. Glorious Revolution

2. Darwin B. Lord Protector

3. Cavaliers C. author of Origin of Species

4. White Revolution D. Author of Jane Eyre

5. Charlotte Bronte E. Royalists

(1. B 2. C 3. E 4. A 5. D)

Section 6 The British Empire and British Imperialism

What wars of aggression were waged by Britain against China in the 19th century?

A: In 1840, the British colonists(殖民者) launched an aggression(侵略) war against China and forced the corrupt(堕落的,腐败的) Qing government to conclude the Treaty of Nanking in 1842, whereby(靠那个,凭那个) Hong Kong was ceded to Britain as colony and five ports (Shanghai, Fuchow, Amoy(厦门), Ningpou and Canton(广东,旧称)) were opened as a trade ports, and the colonists were granted special privileges for travel and missionary in China.

From 1856 to 1860, Britain and France jointly waged a war of aggression against China and occupied such major cities as Canton, Tientsin(天津) and Peking(北京,旧称). They plundered(掠夺) and burned down the Yuan Ming Yuan Palace and forced the Qing government to conclude the Treaty of Tientsin and the Treaty of Peking. In 1900, Britain allied(有联系的,同盟的) with seven imperialist(帝国主义) powers, invaded China in an attempt to further dominate over China.

Ⅰ.Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.

1. The first British colony was .

A. New England

B. Newfoundland

C. West Indies

D. India

2. The British colonists forced the Qing government to conclude the Treaty of in 1842.

A. Peking

B. Nanking

C. Tientsin

D. Canton

3. Which of the following is NOT the feature of imperialism ?

A. foreign territorial expansion

B. export of capital

C. free competition

D. monopoly

4. Which is NOT the member country of the Triple Alliance ?

A. Germany

B. France

C. Austria-Hungary

D. Italy

5. Which was NOT the member country of the Triple Entente ?

A. Britain

B. France

C. Russia

D. Italy

6. Which of the following is NOT true of the depression in1930s ?

A. Factories closed

B. Banks failed

C. Foreign trade shriveled

D. Unemployment rate was low

7. In which year did Japan attack Pearl Harbor ?

A. 1939

B. 1940

C. 1941

D.1942

8. Mrs. Thatcher failed to win the general election in1990 mainly because of .

A. the slow development of the British economy

B. the high inflation

C. the high rate of unemployment

D. the high rate of taxes

9. China and Britain established the diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial rank in the year of .A. 1950 B. 1954 C. 1972 D. 1997

Keys: 1.B 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.C

II．Translate the following into Chinese

1. the Treaty of Nanking 南京条约

2. the British Commonwealth of Nations 英联邦

3. tobacco plantations 烟草种植园

4. Opium War 鸦片战争

5. BBC 英国广播公司

6. carefree lifestyle 无忧无虑的生活方式

III．True or False

1. During the Second World War more than 4.5 million people were sent to fight overseas.

2.Under the leadership of Tony Blair, the Labor Party promised to turn Britain into a socialist state.

3.After the loss of Egypt and the Suez Canal, people no longer regarded Britain as a great power.

4.The Second World War turned Britain into a creditor nation.

5.The British voters deserted Churchill because they wanted to put the war behind them.

(1.T 2. F(He abandoned the idea) 3. T 4. F(a debtor nation) 5. T)

Part 2 Political System and Economy of UK

Section 1 Parliament and Government

I．What power does the Queen have theoretically? Why is it said she has no real power at all in reality?

The queen has all the power: she is the head of the executive branch of government and gives effect to all laws; she may pardon criminal offenses and cancel punishments; she is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and the temporal head of the church of England; she also confers all titles of rank and appoints judges, officers of the armed forces, governors, bishops and diplomats. It is the monarch who has the power to conclude treaties, to declare war upon and make peace with other nations.

II. Choose the correct answers.

1. Which of the following is NOT true of British political system?

A. Britain has no codified constitution.

B. Britain is a federal state.

C. Britain still keeps an old-fashioned government.

D. British government is established on the basis of constitutional monarchy.

2. In Britain, government cannot spend any money without the permission of________.

A. the Queen

B. the Prime Minister

C. the House of Commons

D. the House of Lords

3. The British government ministers are responsible to _____ for the work of their department.

A. A. the House of Lords

B. Parliament

C. the Cabinet

D. the Privy Council

4. All the government ministers of Britain must be members of ________.

A. the House of Lords

B. the House of Commons

C. the Privy Council

D. Parliament

5. Civil servants who are concerned with administration are forbidden ________.

A. to be voters at elections

B. to be candidates for parliament

C. to continue their work when government changes

D. to compete with others for a higher rank Keys: 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.B

III. Translate the following into Chinese

1. the House of Lords 贵族院, 英国上议院

2. the House of Commons 平民院亦称下院

3. the Lord Chancellor 大法官

4. the Foreign and Commonwealth Office 外交及联邦事务部

5. the Home Office 内政部

6. Mr. speaker 下院议长

7. the Cabinet 内阁 8. life peers （英）终身贵族（子孙不能承袭的）

9.lord temporal [复数]Lords Temporal(英国)上议院的世俗议员(指上议院中非宗教界的议员即非主教或大主教的贵族议员)

10.constitutional monarchy 君主立宪制度 11. law lords英国上议院高级法官

12. Buckingham Palace白金汉宫（英国皇宫） 13. head of the state国家元首

14.lords spiritual （英）上议院神职议员

IV. Matching

___ 1. the crown a. lower-upper class

___ 2. motions b. symbol of supreme executive power

___ 3. monarch c. king or queen

___ 4. gentry d. proposals of legislation

___ 5.Lord of Chancellor e. the opposition

___ 6. minority party f. important person

(1. b 2. d 3. c 4.a 5.f 6.e)

V. True or False

1.Most proposals for legislation are put forward by the opposition party

2.The British prime minister can select any British citizen for the office of foreign secretary.

3.The British supreme court of appeals is the Upper House

4.The British House of Lords is composed of three types of peers.

5.The queen appoints the leader of the minority party as prime minister.

6.The British queen is free to dissolve Parliament.

7.British Members of Parliament are selected for a term of five years.

Keys:

(1. F (by the cabinet) 2. F (select one cabinet member) 3. T 4. F (three types of lords) 5. F (the leader of majority party)6. F (The queen’s dissolving the Parliament is normally done at the request of PM)7. T)

Section 2 Party politics and judiciary

1. The Conservative and the Labour parties have been in power by turns ever since the end of

__________.

A. the 19th century

B. the end of the First World War

C. the Second World War

D. 1960s

2. The general election in Britain is held every ___ years.

A. 3

B. 4

C. 5

D.6

3. The party that has the majority of seats in ____ will form the government in Britain.

A. the House of Commons

B. the House of Lords

C. the Privy Council

D. the Cabinet

Keys；1.C 2.C 3.A

II: Key Terms:

1 the Conservative Party 保守党

2 the Labour Party 工党

3. major parties主要政党

4. general election 大选

5. silence right沉默权

6. hung jury 悬而不决的陪审团

7. circuit judges巡回法官

8. independent candidate独立候选人

III. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.

1.constable a. accused

2. summary offence b. state-owned

3. constituency c. freedom of belief

4. defendant d. between the left and the right

5. religious freedom e. soliciting votes

6. magistrate f. senior lawyer

7. nationalized g. electoral district

8. political center h. petty offence

9. barrister i. police officer

10. canvassing j. Justice of the Peace

（1--i 2--h 3--g 4--a 5--c 6--j 7--b 8--d 9--f 10--e ）

IV. True or False.

1. Political questions are dealt with by law courts in Britain.

2. To protect its national independence, Britain puts its national law above the European Union law.

3. Britain is the first country t institute jury trial.

4. Nearly all the British voters regard their local candidates as independent candidates.

（1.F 2. F 3. T 4. F）

Section 3 Economy and Cities

I. Key Terms

1. visible trade有形贸易

2. invisible trade 无形贸易

3. Poets' Corner诗人角

4. denationalization 非国有化

5. value added tax增值税

6. West End伦敦西区

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8d14274202.html,ernment subsidies 政府补贴

II. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.

1. Adam Smith a. famous car maker

2. Rolls Royce b. mail marketing

3. junk mail c. center of electronic industry

4. Silicon Glen d. privatization

5. denationalization e. center of newspaper industry

6. Fleet Street f. author of the Wealth of Nations

(1-f 2--a 3--b 4--c 5--d 6--e)

Part III. True or False.

1. Britain is fully self-sufficient in food grain.

2. Britain has unfavorable conditions for agricultural development.

3. Today many British shipping firms operate under foreign flags to reduce cost money.

4. British agriculture is labor-intensive.

5. British farms employ more than 10% of the nation's total population.

(1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5.F)

Part 3 Society and Culture of UK

I. Key terms

1.stocks and bonds 股票及债券

2. nuclear family 核心家庭；基本家庭

3.afternoon tea 下午茶

4. independent schools 私立学校

5. Oxbridge牛津和剑桥大学

6. the Middle Ages 中世纪，中古时期

7. inheritance taxes遗产税，继承税

II. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.

1. English gentleman A. children’s duty to parents

2. filial piety B. discoverer of law of motion

3. Issac Newton C. public examinations

4. eleven plus D. public school

5. Eton College E. patterns of behavior and thinking

(1. E 2.A 3. B 4. C 5.D)

III. True of False

1. According to British tradition, the bond of marriage is stronger than any previous family bonds.

2. In English hi story a married woman’s legal existence was suspended during marriage.

3. English people like to drink coffee just as Americans do.

4. Students in English public schools are free to wear the low-waist jeans on the campus.

5. English public schools stress the importance cultivating obedience.

(1. T 2. T 3. F (they prefer tea) 4. F (they are forbidden to wear those jeans) 5. T)

Understanding the United States

Part 1 Geography

Section 1 The Land

I. Choose the best answer and circle the letter before it.

1. The continental Unite States is situated in the _____ part of North America.

A. northern

B. southern

C. central

D. eastern

2. The United States is the ______ largest country in the world in terms of area.

A. third

B. forth

C. fifth

D. sixth

3._____ is the largest state of the United States in area.

A. Hawaii

B. Texas

C. Alaska

D. Pennsylvania

4. River _______ flows through New York City.

A. Missouri

B. St. Lawrence

C. Colorado

D. Hudson

5. Of the five Great Lakes, Lake _______ is wholly within the US.

A. Superior

B. Michigan

C. Huron

D. Erie

6. Niagara Falls is located on the US Canadian boundary between_________.

A. Lake Michigan and Lake Huron.

B. Lake Huron and Lake Erie.

C. Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.

D. Lake Superior and Lake Michigan Keys:1.C 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.B 6.C

II. Translate the following into Chinese

1. Alaska: 阿拉斯加

2. the Mississippi River: 密西西比河

3.the Hudson River: 哈德逊河

4.“Gold Rush”: 淘金热

5.Hawaii: 夏威夷

6.the “Motor City”: 汽车城

7. Continental climate 大陆性气候8.the Appalachian Mountains: 阿巴拉契亚山9. Statue of Liberty 自由女神像 10.Niagara Falls: 尼亚加拉瀑布

11. Bering Strait 白令海峡 12. Silicon Valley 硅谷

13. Grand Canyon 大峡谷

III. Match the names of states in Colum A with their major features in Colum B.

Colum A Colum B

c 1.Washington a. the leading state in the production of coal

__d _ 2.Texas b. the leading state in the production of copper

__b _ 3.Arizona c. the leading state in growth of trees of commercial value __a _ 4.Pennsylvania d. the leading state in the production of oil

IV. Match the names of the cities in Column A with their features in Column B.

Column A Column B.

1. __c_ Washington D.C. a. the third largest city of the US

2. _ d _ New York b. the film center and the second largest city of the US

3. __a _ Chicago c. the seat of the federal government

4. __b _ Los Angeles d. the largest city in the US

5. _ g_ Philadelphia e. “Space City, USA”

6. __h _ Detroit f. the largest leather, shoe and wool market

7. __e _ Houston g. the seat of the Continental Congress

8. __j San Francisco h. “Motor City ,USA”

9. _ f__ Boston i. one of Americans top steel-making areas

10. I__Pittsburgh j. the city that has the largest Chinatown

V. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.

1. Old Man River a. steel-making center

2. American Ruhr b. America’s national bird

3. Pittsburgh c. ice box

4. Bald eagle d. Ohio River

5. Alaska e. Life on the Mississippi

6. Mark Twain f. Mississippi

(1f 2d 3a 4b 5c 6e)

VI. True or False

1. The central part of the United States is composed of big mountains.

2. The Niagara Falls is situated on the Mississippi River.

3. The Great Plains covers a distance of about 640 kilometers from east to west.

(1F 2F 3F)

Section 2 The People

Ⅰ.Choose the best answer and circle the letter before in.

1. The dominant ethnic group in the United States today is ____.

A. the Black people

B. W ASPs

C. Asian Americans

D. Hispanics

2. The ____ constitute the largest ethnic-racial minority group in the United States.

A. American Indians

B. Hispanics

C. Black

D. Asian Americans

3. The _ _are at the very bottom of the society in the United States.

A. Blacks

B. Hispanics

C. non-WASPs

D. Asians

4. The state of ___ is the largest in population today.

A. New York

B. Colorado

C. Arizona

D. California

5. Hispanics in the US speak _____

A. English

B. Spanish

C. French

D. their native languages

6. ____ outnumber other religious groups in the United States.

A. Methodists

B. Congregationalists

C. Quakers

D. Protestants

Keys: 1.B 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.D

II. Match the names of the ethnic or racial groups with the percentage of the total population they make up at present in the United States.

1. _b__ American Indians a. 70%

2. _a__ White people b. 0.9%

3. _c__ Black people c. 12.8%

4. _d__ Hispanics d. 12.3%

5. _e _ Asian American e. 3.5%

III Translate the following into Chinese.

1.melting pot: 大熔炉

2.W ASPs: 白人盎格鲁.撒克逊新教徒

3.Hispanics 说西班牙语的人/拉丁美洲人

4. Religious persecution 宗教迫害

5. inheritance tax 遗产税

6. Racial segregation 种族隔离

7. White supremacist白人至上主义者

IV. True or False.

1. The US population has been characterized by the lack of multiplicity.

2. American families with low income have to live in the suburbs.

3. The glue of nationhood for Americans is the American ideal of individual liberty and equal justice.

4. The traditional dividing line between the South and the North is the Potomac River.

(1F 2F 3T 4T)

Part 2 History

Section 1 The Early Colonization

1. Who were Puritans? Which of the 13 colonies did Puritans set up?

A: Puritans are who represented the rising bourgeoisie of the time and wished to “purify”(使纯净) the Church of England, the established church, with the King as its head.

The 13 colonies are: Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Delaware, New Netherland, Pennsylvania, and New England.

I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.

1. Christopher Columbus was a(n) _ navigator .

A. English

B. French

C. Italian

D. Spanish

2. The New World discovered by Columbus was named after .

A. Amerigo Vespucci

B. Christopher Columbus

C. Ferdinand Magellan

D. Marco Polo

3. The earliest British settlement on North America was .

A. Plymouth

B. Jamestown

C. Quebec

D. St. Louis

4. The Puritans’ first settlement on North America was .

A. Jamestown

B. Plymouth

C. New Orleans

D. Virginia

Keys: 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.B

II. Translate the following into Chinese.

1. American Indians 美洲印第安人

2.Christopher Columbus 哥伦布

3. Mayflower Compact 五月花公约

4. Jamestown 詹姆士城

5. New England 新英格兰

6. self-governing colonies 自治殖民地

Section 2 American Revolution

1. What important decisions did the Second Continental Congress make?

A: One of the first decisions it made was to establish a regular army, with George Washington as commander-in-chief(总司令). On July 4th, 1776, it adopted the Declaration of Independence(独立宣言), which Marx calls the “first declaration of the rights of the individual”.

I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it .

1. The Second Continental Congress was held in .

A. New York City

B. Boston

C. Philadelphia

D. Valley Forge

2. Karl Marx called the Declaration of Independence .

A. the first decision made by the Second Continental Congress

B. the first declaration of the rights of the individual

C. the first Bill of Rights

D. the first Constitution of the United States

3. The Constitutional Convention was held in in May 1787 .

A. Boston

B. New York

C. Philadelphia

D. Washington D. C.

Keys: 1.C 2.B 3.C

II. Translate the following into Chinese.

1.the Stamp Act 印花税法

2. the Sugar Act 糖税法

3.Boston Massacre 波士顿屠杀案

4. Boston Tea Party 波士顿倾茶事件

5.the Second Continental Congress 第二次大陆会议

6. the Declaration of Independence 独立宣言

7. Bill of Rights 人权法案

8. Slave trade 奴隶贸易 9. plantation economy 种植园经济

III. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.

1) Indians a. popular American song

2) Pilgrims b. opponents of independence

3) Hawthorne c. total authority

4) Yankee Doodle d. Toltec civilization

5) Thomas Paine e. human rights

6) loyalists f. Forefathers

7) absolute powers g. Common Sense

8) unalienable rights h. The Scarlet Letter

(1. d 2. f 3. h 4. a 5. g 6. b 7. c 8. e)

IV. True or False.

1. The Indians were nomadic hunters on horseback before the European came.

2. The ship known as the Mayflower carried the first group of 102 Separatists into New England in 1620.

3. The Articles of Confederation established a Congress in which each state had one vote.

(1. F 2. T 3. T)

Section 3 American Civil War

1. Interpret the cause of the American civil war in terms of economy.

A: The swiftly growing industries in the North required the restriction(约束,限制) of slavery

as well as its expanding territory so as to provide capitalist production with raw materials(原材料), markets and an abundant labor supply. The slave economy of the South was an obstacle to industrial growth and expansion.

2. Interpret the cause of the American civil war in terms of politics.

A: Politically, after the establishment of the federal government, the planters dominated the scene for many years. After Lincoln was elected President, the slave states almost immediately began to secede from the Federal Union.

I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.

1. The United States purchased Louisiana territory from in 1893.

A. Indians

B. Spain

C. France

D. Russia

2. The no vel Uncle Tom’s Cabin was written by _______.

A. Harriet Beecher Stowe

B. Ernest Hemingway

C. O’Henry

D. William Faulkner

KEYS：1.C 2.A

II.Rearrange the following historical events in the order in which they took place.

1. d a. Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation.

2. e b. The rebels fired in Fort Sumter.

3. b c. The Union troops took over Richmond.

4. a d. The Confederate Stated of America was formed.

5. c e. .Lincoln assumed office.

III. Translate the following into Chinese.

1. Louisiana Purchased 购买路易斯安那

2. The Confederate Stated of America 美国南部同盟

3. Emancipation Proclamation 解放黑奴宣言

4. free states 自由州

5. slaveholding states 蓄奴州

6. Gone with the Wind 飘

7. Ku Klux Klan 三K 党

8. export-oriented economy以出口为主的经济

IV. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.

1.Underground Railroad a. Honest Abe

2.Federal Reserve Bank b. investigative journalists

3.Lincoln c. Standard Oil Company

4.Muckrakers d. America’s central bank

5.Rockefeller e. Uncle Tom’s Cabin

6.Harriet Beecher Stowe f. mounted herders

7.Cowboys g. Liberty Line

(1g 2d 3a 4b 5c 6e 7f)

V. True or False

1. America’s new industrial cities were modeled on the old ones in Europe.

2. The American Civil War was a conflict between two political economies.

(1F 2T)

Section 4 US Imperialism

I. Fill in the following blanks with proper words or expressions.

1. The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on December 7th, 1941.

2. In the first two decades after World War II, the US government adopted a policy of Cold War and “containment”(遏制,遏制政策) in its relationship with the Soviet Union(苏联). This policy was later replaced by the policy of contention(竞争) for world hegemony(霸权主义).

3. President Nixon visited China in February 1972. In the year of 1979, the United States established diplomatic relations with China.

II.Translate the following into Chinese.

1. the New Deal 新政

2. Truman Doctrine 杜鲁门主义

3. political hierarchy 政治层次结构

4. isolationism 孤立主义

5.Far West 美国远西区；美国中西部（尤指密西西比河西部地区）

6. Utopian socialist乌托邦社会主义者

7. League of Nations 国际联盟

8. Red Scare红色恐慌

9. D-day诺曼底登陆10. baby-boomers 在婴儿潮时期出生的人

III. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.

Part One:

1. unchecked government a. Moby Dick

2. Herman Melville b. America for Americans

3. Honolulu c. sandalwood

4. Monroe Doctrine d. government with total power

(1. d 2.a 3. c 4.b)

Part two :

1. Wright brothers a. first man on the moon

2. Black Thursday b. I do not lie.

3. Neil Armstrong c. for low-income Americans

4. Martin L. King d. pre-emptive strike

5. President Johnson e. Flyer

6. Jimmy Carter f. Great Society

7. President Bush g. I Have a Dream

8. Food stamps h. stock market crash

(1e 2h 3a 4g 5f 6b 7d 8c)

V. True or False

1. The US Constitution upholds democracy based on equality and political liberalism.

2. Jefferson’s supporters were forefathers of the Democratic Party.

3. American people are actually under two governments with separate powers.

4. State law courts would punish offenders against federal laws.

5. The Lost Generation glorified the way of life pursued by rich people.

6. The hippies finally became symbols of success based on conservatism.

7. The first major test of the anti-terrorism efforts was the Gulf War of 1990.

8. The Iraq war has become one of the top issues of America’s 2008 election.

(1. T 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.F 6.T 7.F 8.T)

Part 3 Political System

Section 1 Government System

I. Fourteen Departments

1. The Department of State 国务院

2. The Treasury Department manages government finances 财政部

3. The Department of Defense 国防部

4. The Department of Justice 司法部

5. The Department of the Interior 内政部

6. The Department of Agriculture 农业部

7. The Department of Labor 劳工部

8.The Department of Commerce 商务部

9. The Department of Health and Human Services 卫生和人民服务部

10. The Department of Education 教育部

11. The Department of Housing and Urban Development 住房和城市发展部

12. The Department of Transportation 交通部 13. The Department of Energy 能源部14. Department of the Security of the National Territory and Resources 国土资源安全部

II. Choose the correct answer:

1. The Constitution of the United States was framed in _____ in 1787.

A. Washington

B. Boston

C. New York

D. Philadelphia

2. The President of the United States exercises the _____ power.

A. Legislative

B. executive C . judicial D. veto

3. The Power of the US president has _____.

A. Remained the same as prescribed in the Constitution

B. kept enlarging

C. kept belittling

D. varied from generation to generation

4. ____ has the veto power in legislation in the United States.

A. President

B. Vice-President

C. Secretary of State

D. Speaker

5. Congress can veto the Pres ident’s veto by a ____ vote of the full membership of both houses.

A. Two-fifths

B. two-thirds

C. three-fourths

D. three-fifths

6. Under the US Constitution, the President has the power to ____ without the consent of the Senate.

A. appoint high officials

B. sign a treaty with other nation

C. declare war upon other nations

D. sign an executive agreement with other nation

7. The Constitution of the United States says that only ____ can declare war upon other nations.

A. the President

B. Congress

C. Department of Defense

D. The National Security Council

8. The Department of ____ advises the President on foreign relations.

A. Defense

B. State

C. Commerce

D. Labor

9. FBI and Federal Prisons are among the responsibilities of the Department of _______.

A. State

B. Defense

C. Justice

D. Commerce

10. The number of Representatives from each state is fixed according to the size of _____ the state has.

A. the territory

B. the economy

C. the voters

D. the population

11. Representatives in the United States are elected ______.

A. annually

B. every two years

C. every three years

D. every four years

12. Impeachment of the President should be _______.

A. proposed by the Senate and decided on by the House

B. proposed by the House and decided on by the Supreme Court

C. proposed by the House and decided on by the Senate

D. proposed by the Senate and decided on by the Supreme Court

Keys: 1. D 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. D 11. B 12. C

III. Match the names of the departments or agencies with their corresponding duties or responsibilities.

1. c Department of State a. national security

2. d Department of Interior b. government finances

3. a Department of Defense c. foreign affairs

4. f Department of Labor d. welfare of Indians

5. g Department of Justice e. issuing patents

6. e Department of Commerce f . settling labor disputes

7. b Treasury Department g. federal prisons

8. i US Information Agency h. operating post offices

9. j Department of Energy i. operating the VOA

10. h Service j. energy conservation

IV. Translate the following into English

1. Separation of powers 三权分立

2. the National Security Council 国家安全委员会

3.the Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局

4.Congress 国会

5.the United states information Agency 美国新闻总署

6.the Supreme Court 最高法院

7. federalism 联邦制度 8. Congressional districts 选举区

9. rule of law 法制 10. judicial review 司法审查

11. impeachment power 弹劾权

V. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.

1. judicial proceedings a. division of power

2. sovereignty b. approved by the Senate

3. separation of power c. judicial process

4. senatorial approval d. supreme power

(1c 2d 3a 4b )

VI. True or False

1. The United States is divided i nto eleven appeals region knows as “circuits”.

2. The jury is composed of judges.

3. The US Congress can override the president’s veto by a two-thirds majority.

4. Members of the US Senate are called Senators.

(1T 2F 3T 4T)

Section 2 State Government and Party Politics

I. Choose the correct answer:

1._____ is the most important part of a state government

A.The executive

B. The legislature

C. The Judicial

D. The Governor

2 The chief executive of a state is the ______.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8d14274202.html,ernor

B. sheriff

C. Supreme Court

D. council

3 Two political parties emerged in the middle of the 19th century United States over the issue of _______.

A. Slavery

B. committee

C. Congress

D. campaign

4. The General Election Day is set on _____

A. The first Tuesday after the first Monday in October

B. The first Tuesday after the first Monday in November

C. The first Monday after the first Tuesday in November

D. The first Monday after the first Tuesday in October

5. The newly elected President takes up office on ______.

A. January 10th

B. January 20th of the next year C March 10th D. April 20th of the next year Keys: 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. B

II. Key Terms

1. Party platform 竞选纲领

2. The Election Day 竞选日

3. executive orders行政命令

4. Great Depression大萧条

5. the US Capitol 美国国会大厦

6. party nominees党的提名人

7. election year 大选年

III. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.

1. impeachment a. state law-making body

2. platform b. candidate for vice-president

3. Electoral College c. for committing high crime

4. state legislature d. a political party’s statement

5. running-mate e. presidential electors

(1c 2d 3e 4a 5b )

IV. True or False.

1. The nomination national party convention is to elect presidential electors.

2. American voters are not concerned with the candidate’s moral character.

3. The states make laws in areas in which the federal government has no authority to made federal laws.

(1T 2F 3F)

Part 4 Society and Culture

Section 1 American Culture

I. Key Terms:

1. Pilgrims 朝圣者

2. freedom of press出版自由，新闻自由

3. knowledge right 知情权

4. soft drinks 软饮料；不含酒精的饮料

5. expansionists领土扩张论者；扩张主义者

II. True or False

1. The Wealth of Nations advocated economic freedom and equality

2. Americans generally don’t believe that a happy life depends on liberty and equal rights

3. American dress is characterized by extravagance and elaborate design.

4. Only a small number of the early immigrants were owners of land.

5. The American style is often more formal than that of many European countries.

6. Americans regard it good to be separated from fellow countrymen.

(1.T 2. F (They believe so.) 3. F (by simplicity and comfort) 4. F (almost all of them were.) 5. F (more informal) 6. F ( not good))

Section 2 American Education and Holidays

I. Key Terms:

1. community college 社区学院，社区大学

2. alumni funds校友基金

3. publish or perish 出版或完蛋

4. Times Square 时代广场

5. Santa Claus 圣诞老人

6. Easter bunny 复活节兔子

7. Boxing Day 节礼日；圣诞节后的第一个工作日

8. Tomb of the Unknown Soldier无名战士纪念碑

II. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.

1. know-how A. Easter Sunday

2. government grants B. pumpkin pie

3. All Hallow’s Eve C. built by Pilgrims

4. Egg rolling D. shopping center of New York

5. Thanksgiving Day E. expertise

6. Plymouth colony F. children’s holiday

7. Fifth Avenue G. money given by government

(1. E 2. G 3. F 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. D)

III. True or False

1. The rank of associate professor carries no tenure (任期) in America.

2. American children are told Easter bunny brings Easter basket filled with sweets and gifts.

3. Many Americans admire Abraham Lincoln for his criticism of the American dream.

4. The US army marks Independence Day celebration by firing a thirteen-gun salute.

5. The eggs and hare are considered to represent fertility and new life.

(1. F(carries a tenure) 2. T 3. F (for his realization of the dream) 4. T 5. T)