新编大学英语5的1-5单元QUIZ题目及答案

第一单元1. Directions:

1 )

accuse

a. No one believed her wild accusations against her husband.

b. The government stands accused of eroding freedom of speech.

c. Her blue eyes took on an unblinking, accusatory stare.

d. "Has this dog been fed today?" she asked accusingly .

2

)

suspect

a. They became suspicious of his behavior and contacted the police.

b. I have a suspicion of doubt about whether I should accept his invitation or not.

c. Frears was rushed to the hospital with a suspected heart attack.

d. No one knows what caused the outbreak of food poisoning, but shellfish are the

main suspects .

3

)

imagine

a. In her painting, she has used every color imaginable .

b. We must consider our real options, not imaginary ones.

c. So many boring new buildings reveal a complete lack of imagination on the part of

their architects.

d. They should adopt a more imaginative approach and investigate alternative uses for

their property.

4

)

select

a. The company is selective when hiring workers; they want the best people.

b. We are keen to see if Robley still has the international qualities to justify selection

for the national team.

c. Voters are selecting candidates for both US Senate seats and for 52 congressional

seats.

d. The author omits nothing, but a thoughtful selectiveness would have suited his

purpose better.

5

)

possess

a. She is possessive about her money and won't even share it with her husband.

b. I'm pleased to say that I am now the proud possessor of a driving license.

c. We should go up and take possession of the lan

d.

d. She asked me if I had a ball gown that she could borrow, but I'm afraid I don't

possess such a thing.

6

)

judge

a. The judgement of the experts is that the vase is authentic, not a fake.

b. They judged the system on how quick it could respond to their queries.

c. We tried not to seem critical or judgmental while giving advice that would protect him

from ridicule.

d. Judging by the opinion polls, he seems to be succeeding.

7 ) consider

a. He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic.

b. Careful consideration should be given to issues of health and safety.

c. He treats everybody equally and considerately .

d. We would hope to be able to give a considered response to the union's proposals by the end of the year.

8 courage

a. The police officer showed great courage by jumping into the cold lake to save

a drowning boy.

b. Music and lighting are used to encourage shoppers to buy more.

c. I hope people will be courageous enough to speak out against this injustice.

d. It was encouraging that he recognized the dangers facing the companies.

2. Directions:

Complete the sentences with the words or phrases given in the box. Change the form if necessary.

corpse decre

e

flashlight imprison irritating

terrified preca

ution

install administer etect

willful moonl

ess

thrust undo unpay

1 He beamed the flashlight ahead and picked his way around the huge bale of rusted wire.

2 Security cameras have been installed in the city centre.

3 It's so irritating how Ellen always tries to finish people's sentences for them.

4 I stepped outside into the moonless night and waited for another cry.

5 The company allows its employees to take unpaid leave for various reasons.

6 He was terrified at the thought of being stranded in the woods.

7 Thieves are digging up corpses in order to steal jewellery and gold teeth.

8 The system is so sensitive that it can detect changes in temperature as small as 0.003 degrees.

9 Thousands of civilians were arrested, imprisoned and killed

1 He lived a very willful life, and the fear of chaos had always haunted him from childhood.

2 It is not the job of the police to administer justice; that falls to the courts.

3 In 1637 the Emperor issued a decree ordering all foreigners to leave the country.

4 The district officer wanted to know if suitable precautions had been taken to avoid the elephants.

5 He thrust some money into my hand and told me to drive him to the airport.

6 She undid the ribbon and let her hair fall over her shoulders.

3. Directions:

Choose the best answer from the four choices to complete the following

sentences.

1) They could fight ________ against a

common enemy.

C a. face to face

b. hand in hand

c. shoulder to shoulder

d. arm in arm

2) We'd been seeing each other for a year

when he suggested that we should

________ together.

B a. move along

b. move in

c. move off

d. move down

3) We were ________, so we came to say

hello.

A a. passing through

b. passing away

c. passing off

d. passing over

4) After I ________ I remembered what I

wanted to say.

C a. hung about

b. hung back

c. hung up

d. hung out

5) We should be able to ________ the debt

within two years.

A a. pay off

b. pay for

c. pay in

d. pay out

6) The project became so expensive that we

had to ________.

D a. pull on

b. pull down

c. pull up

d. pull out

7) They ________ the most beautiful old

buildings to put up those monstrosities (大

而丑的东西).

C a. tore up

b. tore apart

c. tore down

d. tore away

8) She was caught without a ticket and fined

thirty pounds ________.

A a. on the spot

b. on the point

c. at the moment

d. at the instant

9) If this fighting finally brings peace to this

area, the soldiers will not have died

________.

B a. in failure

b. in vain

c. in pain

d. in despair

10) He was disappointed at not getting the job,

but he'll ________ it.

D a. get away

b. get out

c. get through

d. get over

第二单元

1. Directions:

Read each of the following sentences carefully and choose the word or

phrase closest in meaning to the underlined part from the four choices

marked A, B, C and D.

1. I was baffled by his refusal.

B A. angered

B. confused

C. disappointed

D. annoyed

2. The island is inhabited only by birds.

A A. occupied

B. noticed

C. destroyed

D. liked

3. It's up to this country to take the initiative in

banning nuclear weapons.

B A. take actions

B. take the first step

C. sign its name

D. follow the others

4. Their work alternates between London and

New York.

D A. changes frequently

B. differs greatly

C. remains the same

D. takes turns

5. I consulted a doctor about my pains.

D A. told

B. discussed

C. sent for

D. asked for advice

6. I'm much obliged to you for what you have

done for us.

A A. grateful

B. pleased

C. uneasy

D. inclined

7. Congress has adopted the new measure.

A A. accepted

B. chosen

C. rejected

D. advanced

8. He is considerate and pleasant. I really enjoy

his company.

D A. firm

B. warmth

C. hospitality

D. companionship

2. Directions:

Choose the best phrase from the four to complete each sentence.

1. Would you please help me ________ the

vegetables and salad? It's half past six and our

guests will arrive soon.

B dish out 给予，分发；dish up把（食物）装盘

A. dish out

B. dish up

C. eat up

D. seek out

2. Our pet dog, poor Darkley, was ________ by a bus

yesterday.

A run over 碾过；run through 贯穿，浏览；run out 用完，期满；run on 继续奔跑，继续下去

A. run over

B. run through

D. run on

3. It's the end of September and the National Day is

________.

C in hand 在进行中，在控制中；on hand 在手边，在近处；at hand 在附近，即将到来；by hand 用手，用体力

A. in hand

B. on hand

C. at hand

D. by hand

4. After the harvest, the peasants began to ________

and enjoy the results of hard work.

D set back 延缓，使花费；settle down 定居，定下心来；load down 加以重负；sit back倚着靠背舒服地坐着

A. set back

B. settle down

C. load down

D. sit back

5. May I ________ that if we don't leave now we shall

miss the bus?

A point out 指出；point to 指向；speak out 大声地说，大胆地说；refer to提到，（...as...）把……当作，把……称为

A. point out

B. point to

C. speak out

D. refer to

6. John's girlfriend is coming tonight and he is going

to _____ her _____ at the airport at 6:00.

D pick on 选中，找……岔子；pick out 挑出，辨认出；pick over 挑选出好的；pick up 用车接载，捡起；学会；好转

A. pick... on

B. pick... out

C. pick... over

D. pick... up

7. The book has been well reviewed, but ________

actual sales it hasn't been very successful.

A in terms of 从……方面来说；in need of 需要；in contrast to 与……形成对比；in place of 取代，交换

A. in terms of

C. in contrast to

D. in place of

8. I'll be late home—something's just ________ at

work.

B come along 出现，进展；come up 发生，走上前来；come in 到达，启用；come off 脱落，分开，经过

A. come along

B. come up

C. come in

D. come off

3. Directions:

Fill in each of the blanks with the appropriate form of the word in brackets.

1. My piano playing has improved significantly since I have had a new teacher. (significant)

2. A jury's decision in a court must be made objectively. (objective)

3 . Children's acquisition of their native tongue is still a mystery to many linguists. (acquire)

4. There is little indication that the protesters will leave the building peacefully. (indicate)

5. All she was interested in was the advancement of her own career. (advance)

6. Considering the problems he's had, there can be little expectation of him winning the race. (expect)

4. Directions:

Read the incomplete passage carefully and choose the best one from the

four choices marked A, B, C, and D to fill in each blank and complete the

passage.

Americans today believe that acceptable social behavior follows effortlessly from personal virtue. The 1) ________ between morals and manners has become blurred (模糊). All you need

is a good heart, most people 2) ________, and the rest will take care of itself. You don't have to write thank-you notes.

Many Americans believe that natural behavior is beautiful. The "natural" 3) ________ to human relations presumes that to know any person 4) ________ is to love him, that the only human problem is a communication problem. This 5) ________ that people might be separated by basic, genuinely irreconcilable (不可调和的) differences—philosophical, political, or religious—and assumes that all such differences are 6) ________ misunderstandings. Indeed, it has never been easier to insult people inadvertently (非故意地). A gentleman opens a door for a lady because his mother taught him that ladies 7) ________ such courtesies, but this one 8) ________ and spits in his eye because he has insulted her womanhood. A young lady 9) ________ her seat in a crowded bus to an elderly, frail gentleman, and he gives her a dirty look because she has insulted his manhood. 10) ________ you, those are just people trying to be nice; the only problem is that they are 11) ________ on different systems of etiquette. Curiously, it has never been 12) ________ to insult people intentionally. If you say, "You are nasty and I hate you," the person is apt to reply, "Oh, you're feeling 13) ________; I'll wait until you feel better."

The idea that people can behave "naturally" without resorting to a(n) 14) ________ code tacitly (心照不宣地) agreed upon by their society is as silly as the idea that they can communicate by using a language without 15) ________ accepted semantic and grammatical rules.

B/b1) A.

instinct B.

distinction

C. intuition

D. similarity

instinct 本能，直觉；distinction 差别；intuition 直觉；similarity 相似，相似之处

C/c2) A.

resum

e B.

perform

C. assume

D. conduct

resume 继续，恢复；assume 假设；conduct管理，指挥

A/a3) A.

approa

ch

B. way

C. road

D. means approach 方法，后接介词to

D/d4) A.

enoug

h well B.

enough

good

C. good

enough

D. well enough

B/b5) A.

approv

es

B. denies

C. supports

D. disagrees

deny否认，根据上下文和后面所跟的that＋clause的形式，deny是惟一合适的。

A/a6) A. no

more

than B. not

more than

C. a bit more

than

D. much more than

no more than 不过，仅仅；not more than 并不比……更

B/b7) A.

dislike B.

appreciat

e

C. thank

D. approve

C/c8) A.

turns

out B. turns

up

C. turns

around

D. looks around

this one指this lady，turn around转身，和后面的"spit" 都表示她对此gentleman 的憎恶。

B/b9) A.

offerin

g

B. offers

C. offered

D. offer

A/a10) A.

Mind

B. Warn

C. Beware

D. Notice

mind you 请注意

D/d11) A.

doing B.

assuming

C. trying

D. operating

operate 操作

A/a12) A.

harder

B. easier

C. worse

D. better

"Curiously, it has never been harder to insult people intentionally." 与前一段的第一句"Indeed, it has never been easier to insult people inadvertently (非故意地)."相对应，意思是：奇怪的是，就算故意要侮辱别人，也是太不容易了。

B/b13) A.

friendl

y

B. terrible

C. disgusting

D. hostile

disgusting 令人反感的；hostile 怀有敌意的

B/b14) A.

natural B.

artificial

C. unnatural

D. artistic

"without resorting to artificial code" 补充说明"naturally" 。

C/c15) A.

superfi

cially B.

profoundl

y

C. commonly

D. individually

commonly accepted 被普遍接受的

第三单元

1. Directions:

There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are

four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one to complete each

of the sentence.

1) These books were very dear to him and he

bought them at _________ expense when he

was studying abroad.

B A. considerate

B. considerable

C. considered

D. considering

2) Mary's principal _________ was international

fame as a scientist and she had been working

hard to attain it.

A A. objective

B. objection

C. obligation

D. object

3) Even after a whole month, these roses still

_________ their scent. So Jane was reluctant to

throw them away.

C A. resumed

B. regained

C. retained

D. restrained

4) The question of finance is _________ to the

question of whether the project will be approved.

D A. subordinate

B. supposed

C. suggested

D. subsidiary

5) Only _________ people can be considered for

such a high position.

A A. trustworthy

B. trustful

C. respecting

D. respectful

6) We must _________ a new chair for the broken

one, because there is a meeting this afternoon in

this conference room.

C A. replace

B. return

C. substitute

D. change

7) It is very interesting that many language

teachers are _________ to talk too much at

home as well as in class.

C A. tended

B. liked

C. inclined

D. intended

8) English teachers in various universities and

colleges are interested in a new _________ to

language teaching.

D A. way

B. method

C. means

D. approach

9) Mr Johnson was left _________ the

super-market while the manager was away.

B A. in the charge of

B. in charge of

C. charged of

D. charged with

10) In this company, junior employees can work

_________ and are supposed to take on more

responsibilities.

A A. on their own initiative

B. on their own initiatives

C. with their own intention

D. without their own intentions

11) I had expected her to _________ her obligations,

but she let me down again.

C A. carry on

B. carry over

C. carry out

D. carry away

12. John studied hard before the history

examination, and it _________. He made an A B A. paid out

B. paid off

C. paid up

D. paid back

13) _________ allow the vegetables to go bad, Mr

Smith sold them at half price.

D A. Other than

B. Instead of

C. But for

D. Rather than

14) We finally _________ them of our innocence.

A A. convinced

B. persuaded

C. ensured

D. realized

15) The company has an extensive international

_________ network.

D A. contribution

B. attribution

C. accumulation

D. distribution

2. Directions:

Complete each blank with the correct form of the word given. Sometimes a

negation is needed.

1 )

competitive

A. We are in competition with several other companies for the contract. But we are confident that our prices are very competitive.

B. She is by far the best competitors among all the applicants for this position when it comes to working experience.

C. There are quite a few competing claims and we have limited funds, so it's hard to choose between them.

2

)

different

A. It's wrong to differentiate between people according to their family background

because everyone is created equal.

B. The twin brothers look very much alike in their appearance but differ widely in their

tastes.

C. There's not much difference in price between the two computers, but the functions

they have are quite different.

3

)

diverse

A. The members of the committee have a wide diversity of opinion and it's not likely to

reach an agreement in one or two days.

B. It is not surprising that people from diverse cultures may have different interpretations of a song or a poem.

C. Most financial planners recommend that investors diversify their assets.

4 ) pleasure

A. Much to his wife's displeasure, he had to work overtime again on that weekend. So, he couldn't accompany her to visit her mother as he had promised.

B. In that five-star hotel, everything is pleasingly arranged for the guests.

C. T om's mother is a very particular woman and it's extremely hard to please her. After several unsuccessful attempts, T om's wife gave up.

5 ) tolerant

A. I'm afraid no one can tolerate living in such a noisy place. Why don't you move to a quieter place far from the awful parking lot?

B. Drug addiction seems unlimited. As the addict's tolerance increases, he requires ever larger doses of the drug.

C. I'm a tolerant man, but your behavior is more than I can bear.

6 ) discipline

A. Strict discipline is imposed on army recruits and this is quite necessary.

B. You must discipline yourself to finish your work on time; otherwise, I'm afraid you'll have to find another company.

C. Little Johnny was very naughty and his teacher said that she had never seen such a(n) undisciplined boy in her life.

第四单元

1. Directions:

Choose the most appropriate word or phrase to complete each of the

following sentences.

1) I did not have enough money on hand at that

time to pay for my daughter’s tuition. I had to

_________my savings.

B A. draw up

B. draw upon

C. draw out

D. draw over

2) T om and Susan __________with each other just

before their marriage, which made their parents

very angry.

C A. fell down

B. fell through

C. fell out

D. fell off

3) It’s already half past five, it’s time to

__________work.

A A. leave off

B. leave behind

C. leave over

D. leave aside

4) The band ________a waltz when Mary and her

husband came into the dinning hall.

B A. struck down

B. struck up

C. struck on

D. struck out for

5) The improvement in his mental health is

being___________.

D A. remained

B. attained

C. obtained

D. maintained

6) Alaska is the largest of the fifty states

that______________ the USA.

A A. constitute

B. consist

C. complement

D. commit

7) Everyone interviewed had been _________ to

unfair treatment.

A A. subjected

B. meant

C. applied

D. unburdened

8) Western aid has helped to ___________ the

situation in northern India.

B A. terminate

B. alleviate

C. misjudge

D. accentuate

9) The most powerful __________we have is our

skilled, dedicated workforce.

C A. therapy

B. outlet

C. asset

D. accent

10) He expanded the shipping trade and left a

____________ business to his son.

D A. youthful

B. overweight

C. dormant

D. thriving

2. Directions:

Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate form of the

word given. Sometimes a negation is needed.

1 )

history

A. This was a historic meeting between two great leaders during the Second World War.

B. Many readers wonder whether King Arthur was a real historical figure or an invented

character by storytellers.

C. This day will go down in history as the start of a new era in South America.

2

)

comfort

A. Nancy has a happy family, so when things get difficult at work, she can always look to

her family for comfort.

B. Nothing I could do or say could comfort a mother when she lost her son in that

terrible air crash.

C. I was so comfortable and warm in bed that I did not want to get up this morning, so I

was absent for two classes.

D. It was my friends’comforting words that pulled me through those difficult days.

3

)

critical

A. Dr. Johnson became an outspoken critic of the country’s educational policies.

B. Jennifer’s father used to be very critical of her performance in studies.

C. My only criticism of the book is that it’s a little too academic so it’s difficult to arouse

readers’ interest at first glance.

D. Eight people died and more than fourteen were critically injured in that traffic accident yesterday evening.

E. We need an immediate decision on this critical issue, because any slow decision-making means a heavy loss.

4 ) sharp

A. When T om was late for the third time that week, his boss glanced at him sharply but said nothing.

B. James wore a rather casual jacket, in sharp contrast to everyone else’s formal suit.

C. Sharpen all your pencils before the test.

5 ) think

A. Although this movie is a great commercial success, a thinking audience doesn’t think very highly of it.

B. Keep quiet! Father is deep in thought.

C. Our tourist guide Catherine is a very thoughtful girl, and you may rest assured that the trip would be a pleasant one.

D. Jane’s thoughtless remarks greatly hurt T om’s feelings.

6 ) significant

A. He was too young to understand the real significance of his father’s advice.

B. Don’t waste time over some insignificant points. Let’s focus our attention on the most serious problem we are now facing—shortness of money.

7 ) convenience

A．The secretary complained that it was most inconvenient for her to work on weekends, but her boss was a workaholic who loved to work on Saturdays and Sundays. B．Shopping bags are provided for the customer’s convenience, but now they’ve become a major threat to the environment.

C．I used to buy tickets for my colleagues because my home is conveniently near the railway station.

8 ) straight

A. The wire is bent, and I have to straighten it before I can use it, but unfortunately, there’s no tool on hand.

B. Come straight to the point please, because we don’t have much time left.

C. Johnson is my long-time friend and I can say that he’s perfectly straight in all his dealings.

9 ) society

A. People don't socialize with their neighbors as much as they used to.

B. Some research has shown that people without brothers and sisters tend to be less sociable.

C. Governments have made efforts to improve women's social and economic status.

D. We want our students to become useful and responsible members of society.

1 0 ) courage

A. Girls are sometimes discouraged from studying subjects like engineering and physics.

B. I would never have won if my friends hadn't encouraged me to keep trying.

C. Driving again after his accident must have taken a lot of courage.

D. But for the actions of a few courageous individuals, we might all have died.

1 1 ) particular

A. Marty's very particular about his food.

B. You may be required to give particulars of the change in your financial position.

C. Mr. Johnson particularized the general points he wanted to make.

D. As we know, students in London have particular problems because of the high cost of accommodation.

1 2 ) sense

A. He was very sensible of the difficult situation she was in.

B. Companies that are insensitive to global changes will lose sales.

C. It was dark and he had completely lost his sense of direction.

D. The show was a sensational success.

第五单元

1. Directions:

Write down the antonym of each of the following words in the spac e

provided.

1

)

extrovert introvert

2

)

lighten darken

3) prejudiced impartial /unprejudiced

4

)

exterior interior

5) subjective objective

6) optimistic pessimistic

7

positive negative

)

8) avoidable unavoidable

2. Directions:

Choose the most appropriate word or phrase to complete each of the

following sentences

1) What he suggested in his lecture

_____B_______ the existing ideas about the

causes of heart disease.

explode 推翻；exploit 剥削；利用；overcome 克服；pursue 追求

A. exploited

B. exploded

C. overcame

D. pursued

2) The new evidence seems to _______C____ that

there was once life on the Mars.

confirm 证实；conform 需要与介词to 连用，意思是“符合，遵守”；confront 面对；contract 收缩

A. conform

B. confront

C. confirm

D. contract

3) Economists believe that the jobless total will

_____A_______ to 3.5 million by the spring.

soar 上升；sore adj. 疼痛的；sum 总结，概括；stretch 延伸，伸展

A. soar

B. sore

C. sum

D. stretch

4) I don't know if Chris is right for the job—he

doesn't really possess the skills that

_____D_______ a good manager.

mark 标志着；signal 发信号；represent 代表；strike 打击，给某人留下某种印象

A. signal

B. represent

C. strike

D. mark

5) I can't go. I ____A________ it to him to stay.

短语“owe something to somebody”在这句话中的意思是“对某人有义务或责任”。

A. owe

B. credit

C. attribute

D. contribute

6) Britain's mineral ______C______ include oil,

coal and gas deposits.

resources 资源；origin 起源；source 来源；asset财富

A. origins

B. sources

C. resources

D. assets

7) The benefits of the scheme far _____C_______

the disadvantages, therefore it's still worthwhile

to carry it out.

outweigh 在重要性上超过；outwit 在智慧上胜过；outshine比某人出色；outgrow长大而穿不下原来的衣服

A. outwit

B. outshine

C. outweigh

D. outgrow

8) New ways to treat arthritis (关节炎) may provide

a(n) _______C_____ to painkillers.

alternative 意为“可用来替换其他方法的选择”，一般与介词to连用。

choice 选择；option 可供选择的事物；defect 缺点，缺陷

A. choice

B. option

C. alternative

D. defect

9) ____A________ continued protection and

conservation, the country-side will be used and

enjoyed by our children and grandchildren.

given 与名词词组连用表示“如果有”。其余选项都没有这样的用法。

A. Given

B. Granted

新编大学英语教案(第二册)_unit2communicationproblems

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Unit 1 Personality V ocabulary 1. 1) self-conscious 2) self-confidence 3) self-esteem 4) self-destructive 5) self-worth 6) self-concept 7) Self-awareness 8) self-assurance/self-confidence 2. 1)B 2)I 3)L 4)A 5)H 6)D 7)E 8)N 9)J 10)M 11)C 12)F 13)G 14)K 3. 1) profound 2) jealousy 3) numerous 4) overweight 5) overcome 6) eventually 7) slim 8) compliments 9) diminish 10) reassurance 11) detrimental 12) isolated 13) self-esteem 14) accented 4. 1) reflected 2) concerned/worried 3) profound effect/influence 4) viewed/regarded 5)sensitive 6) respond/react 7)eliminated 8)overcome my fear 9) concentrate on 10) made no comment Translation 1) You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising. 2) In general children are healthier and better educated than ever before. 3) When the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it. 4) Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life. 5) I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father. 6) He finally failed to live up to his parents’expectations. 7) In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously. 8) He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness. Part Four Writing and Translation 2. Translation Practice

新编大学英语第二册答案完整版

Unit 1 ●Part Two Reading centered activities Pre-reading Reading Comprehension 1.Understanding the structure of the passage Para.1-4 c para.5-7 a para.8-11 b para.12-13 d 2. 1) They would stare at them. 2) He felt embarrassed/ ashamed 3) He never let on. 4) He usually walked there with the help of his son 5) He was pulled on a child’s sleigh to the subway station 6) He like basketball, dances, and parties 7) He asked them to sit down and fight with him. 8) He was proud of his son 9) He missed him very much and was sorry for what he had thought about him. 10) He learned to have a good heart from his father. 3. 1) C 2) A 3) C 4) B 5) D 6) A7) B 8) C 9) D 10) A 4. Understanding the reference Words. 1)the difficulty in coordination the steps 2)whether a person has a good heart 3) a good heart 4)the baseball team 5)sat down to fight 6)what the son has achieved 7)sensed 8)the reluctance to walk with him ●Vocabulary 1. 1) urged 2) halted 3) bother 4) embarrassed 5) adjusted 6) complain 7) kid 8)engage 9)subject 10)saw to it that 11)coordinate 12)participate 2.Word-building patience

新编大学英语4(第二版)Unit 1-Unit 6单元 课文翻译及课后答案详解

课内阅读参考译文及课后习题答案(Book 4) Unit 1 享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀？ 1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢？ 2 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。 3 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。而且，我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话，而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。我们都听人说过这样的话：―我喜欢笑话，但我讲不好，也总是记不住。‖有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的人。一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。这么说是有道理的。 4 甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。我岳母从前经常来我们家，并能住上很长一段时间。通常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩—我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。而且，她们的这种喜欢是相互的。布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母，当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。外祖母从椅子上一起来，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：―啊哈，你又上了我的当。‖ 5 典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。第一部分是铺垫（即背景），接下来是主干部分（即故事情节），随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾）。如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分，这个笑话便会很有趣。通常笑话都包含这三部分，而且每部分都必须交代清楚。如果讲故事或说笑话的人使用听众都熟悉的手势和语言，则有助于增强效果。 6 我们可以对幽默这种娱乐形式，进行分析，从而发现究竟是什么使一个有趣的故事或笑话令人发笑。举例来说，最常见的幽默有以下几种，包括了从最显而易见的幽默到比较微妙含蓄的幽默。 7 ―滑稽剧‖是最明显的幽默。它语言简单、直截了当，常常以取笑他人为乐。说笑打闹这种形式过去是、现在仍然是滑稽说笑演员和小丑的惯用技巧。它为不同年龄、不同文化背景的人们所喜爱。几乎本世纪的每个讲英语的滑稽说笑演员都曾以这样或那样的方式说过下面这则笑话。一位男士问另一位男士：―昨晚我看到的那位和你在一起的贵妇是谁？‖那位男士回答道：―那可不是什么贵妇，那是我老婆。‖这个笑话的幽默之处在于第二位男士说他的妻子不是一位贵妇，也就是说她不是一个高雅的女人。这个笑话并没有因为经常讲而变得不再那么好笑。由于这是一个经典笑话，观众都知道要说什么，而且因为大家对这个笑话很熟悉而更加珍爱它。 8 中国的相声是一种特殊的滑稽剧。相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地谈论诸如官僚主义者、家庭问题或其他一些有关个人的话题。相声随处都能听到，无论是在乡村的小舞台上，还是在北京最大的剧院里，抑或在广播、电视上。它显然是中国人家喻户晓的一种传统的幽默形式。 9 ―俏皮话‖不像滑稽剧那样浅显，它是因语言的误用或误解而引人发笑。我特别喜欢的一个例子是三位年长的绅士在英国乘火车旅行的故事。当火车慢慢停下来时，第一位绅士问道：―这是Wembley (温布利)吗？‖―不，‖第二位绅士说：―是Thursday (星期四)。‖―我也是，‖第三位说道，―让我们下车喝杯啤酒吧。‖我们知道上了年纪的人往往耳背，因此会把Wembley（温布利）听成了Wednesday（星期三），把Thursday（星期四）听成了thirsty（渴了），这样一来就为第三位老人的妙语做好了铺垫。 10 著名的中国漫画家和幽默家丁聪便是一位俏 皮话大师。在他的一幅幽默漫画中，一位老师说： ―你为什么一字不改地抄别人的作业？‖那位年轻的 学生回答道：―我没有一字不改地抄。我把作业上的 名字改成自己的了。‖在丁聪的另一幅经典漫画里， 一位生气的父亲问道：―告诉我，1加2等于几？‖ 儿子说：―我不知道。‖这位不耐烦的父亲接着说道： ―比方说，你、你妈妈和我，我们加起来一共是几个， 傻瓜？‖儿子得意地回答道：―是三个傻瓜。‖ 这些 故事无论是漫画还是笑话，是由演滑稽剧的喜剧演 员说还是由搭档的相声演员讲，都为各地人们所喜 爱。人们喜爱这些有趣的故事，因为它们贴近现实 生活，而且里面那些出人意料的妙语十分有趣。 11 双关语是一种更微妙的俏皮话。它使用的技巧 是利用发音相似的词或同一个词的不同意思。有些 批评家认为双关语是最低级的幽默，但我不同意这 种观点。双关语与其他形式的幽默相比需要更细 微、更巧妙的语言技巧；然而，简单的双关语甚至 很小的孩子也能利用。例如，谜语或脑筋急转弯问 题常使用双关语做铺垫、制造故事情节，而且更多 地是用在妙语部分。双关语是我最早懂得的幽默。 记得大约在五岁时我听到了下面这个谜语。一个人 问：―什么东西整个儿是黑的、白的和红的？‖另外 一个人通常猜不出来，于是问道：―我不猜了。是什 么呀？‖出谜语的人回答：―是报纸。‖如果你知道在 英语中―red（红色）‖和―read（读）‖的读音一样但 意思完全不同，答案就很明显了。 12 DOUBLE ENTENDRES （法语中的―一语双 关‖）是双关语的特殊形式, 其中的词或短语有双重 意思。两个意思往往很不相同，一个比较恰当，另 一个往往比较粗俗—但并不总是这样。我喜欢那个 关于一位中学教师和校长因看见学生在学校操场 上接吻而感到担心的故事。故事并不过火。那位教 师对学生们说；―我和校长已经决定停止在学校操场 上接吻。‖听到笑声，她意识到她没有把意思表达清 楚，于是补充说：―我的意思是不能再在我们的鼻子 下面发生接吻这样的事了。‖当然，这个解释并没有 纠正她的第一句话，反而使这个笑话的双重含义变 得更加好笑。 13 一些专业的幽默家认为如今的幽默大多缺乏 智慧，不够巧妙。他们不喜欢在幽默中过多使用有 色情意味或粗俗的语言，而且觉得大多数幽默家缺 乏创造性。的确，现在有些幽默令人震惊，但我认 为这不是幽默的过错。幽默本身是活泼健康的，它 还会继续生存下去，只因为每天都有有趣的事情发 生。一些有幽默感的人会看到听到这些有趣的事 情，并把它们编成妙趣横生、令人开心的笑话和故 事。 V ocabulary 1. 1) A. entertaining B. entertainment C. entertained D. entertainer 2) A. recognizable B. recognized C. recognition 3) A. tempting B. temptation C. tempt 4) A. reasoned B. reasoning C. reasonable D. reason 5) A. analyzed B. analytical C. analyst D. analysis 6) A. valuable B. valuation C. valued/values D. values 7) A. humorist B. humor C. humorous D. humorless 8) A. understandable B. understanding C. understand D. misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement 7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance 4. 1）certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed 7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice 13) directly 14) followed 15) trouble Unit 2 便笺的力量 1 我当体育编辑，最早是为蒙比利埃（俄亥俄州） 的《企业导报》工作，当时我很少收到体育迷的来 信。因此，一天早晨放在我桌上的一封来信把我吸 引住了。 2 打开来信，我看到了下面的话：―关于老虎队的 述评很不错，再接再厉。‖签名的是体育编辑堂?沃 尔夫。当时我只是一个十几岁的小伙子（为每一竖 栏写一英寸文字，稿酬总计达15美分），因此他的 话最鼓舞人心了。我把这封信一直放在书桌的抽屉 里，后来它的边角都卷起来了。每当我怀疑自己不 是当作家的料时，重温一下堂的便笺，就又会树起 信心来。 3 后来，我逐渐对堂有所了解，知道给各行各业 的人写快捷而鼓舞人心的便笺是他养成的习惯。他 告诉我说：―当我使别人充满信心时，我也感觉好极 了。‖ 4 因此毫不奇怪，他的朋友圈子就像附近的伊利 湖那么大。去年他去世了，享年75岁。电话与悼 函像潮水般涌向报社，都来自于曾经得到过他激励 （文字）的人们。 5 多年来，我努力效仿堂以及我的其他朋友，他 们关心别人，常写一些鼓舞人心的话语，因为我觉 得，他们这样做是很有意义的。在这样一个惯于冷 漠、无动于衷的世界上，这种便笺给人们带来了温 暖和安慰。我们都时不时地需要鼓励，大家知道几 行赞扬的话会改变一个人的一天，甚至一生。 6 那么，这些激励人心的便笺的作者为什么寥若 晨星呢？我猜想很多人回避写，是因为他们太看重 人们的看法。他们担心会被误解，怕别人觉得他们 自作多情或者言不由衷。还有，写也要花时间，远 不如打电话方便。 7 当然打电话的缺点是：说过的话留不住。而一 张便笺使我们的良好意愿显得更加珍贵。便笺是白 纸黑字记录在案的东西，而且我们写下的字可以反 复阅读，细细品味并珍藏起来。 8 尽管写便笺会多花一些时间，但一些非常忙的 人也在这么做，其中包括乔治?布什。有人说，他政 治上的成功在很大程度上归功于他那枝随时准备 写字的笔。这是怎么回事呢？在他整个职业生涯 中，每次与人们接触之后，他几乎都随后写封信， 内容亲切——一句赞美之辞，一行表扬的话，或一 段感谢语。他不仅写给朋友和同事，还写给萍水相 逢的人以及完全陌生的人——比如那位借伞给他 的人，后来收到他热情的赞扬信，感到很惊讶。 9 那些通常做作的公司高层经理们，其领导作风 只能被形容为强硬、冷漠、脱离群众。甚至这些人 也开始学习写便笺去鼓舞人心，且从中获益匪浅。 唐纳德?彼得森，福特公司的前主席，把每天写便笺 鼓励同事当作一件日常工作。该公司在80年代时 走出低谷取得成功主要是他的功劳。―我只不过匆匆 地在备忘录或信的角上写一些鼓舞人心的话，然后 传递出去，‖他说道。―每天最重要的一段时间，就 是鼓舞那些为你工作的人的那10分钟。‖ 10 ―太多的时候，‖他发表自己的看法说，―那些 我们真正喜欢的人并不知道我们是怎么看待他们 的。太多的时候，我们会以为，我并没有说过什么 批评的话，为什么非得去说好话呢？我们忘了，人 类需要正面的肯定或鼓励——事实上，我们靠这个 取得进步，获得成功！‖ 11 怎样才能写出振奋精神、温暖人心的信呢？只 要我们怀有要表示感激之情的心愿。写这种便笺的 高手都具有我所谓的―４S‖技巧。 12 １）真诚(sincere)。没人要听虚假的赞美。 13 ２）简短(short)。如果不能用三句话表达出你 的意思，你很可能过火了，写得太长。 14 ３）具体(specific)。赞扬一位业务伙伴―演讲