2015年11月英语三级笔译真题及答案(大师兄版)

2015年11月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试

英语三级《笔译实务》试卷

Section1:English-Chinese Translation(50points)

Translate the following passage into Chinese.

The Republic of Ireland is a sovereign state in Western Europe,occupying about five-sixths of the island of Ireland.The capital and largest city is Dublin,whose metropolitan area is home to around a third of the country’s 4.6million inhabitants.The state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland.It is a unitary,parliamentary republic with an elected president serving as head of state.The head of government is nominated by the lower house of parliament.

Following the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty,Ireland gained independence from the United Kingdom in1922.Initially a dominion,Ireland received official British recognition of full legislative independence in the Statute of Westminster of1931.A new constitution was adopted in1937,by which the name of the state became“Ireland.”In1949,Ireland was declared a republic under the Republic of Ireland act 1948.

Ireland ranks among the wealthiest countries in the world in terms of GDP per capita.In1973,Ireland enacted a series of liberal economic policies that resulted in rapid economic growth,coupled with a dramatic rise in inequality.The country achieved considerable prosperity from1995to2007.This was halted by an unprecedented financial crisis that began in2008,in conjunction with the concurrent global economic crash.

In2011and2013Ireland was ranked as the seventh-most developed country in the world by the United Nations Human Development Index.It also performs well in several metrics of national performance,including freedom of the press,economic freedom and civil liberties.It pursues a policy of neutrality through non-alignment.

The population of Ireland stood at4,588,252in2011,an increase of8.2percent since2006.As of2011, Ireland had the highest birth rate in the European Union(16births per1,000of population).In2012,35.1percent of births were to unmarried women.Annual population growth rates exceeded2percent during the2002-2006 period,which was attributed to high rates of natural increase and immigration.This rate declined somewhat during the subsequent2006-2011period,with an average growth rate of1.6percent.

Ireland ranks fifth in the world in terms of gender equality.In2011,Ireland was ranked the most charitable country in Europe,and second most charitable in the world.Contraception was controlled in Ireland until1979, however,the receding influence of the Catholic Church has led to an increasingly secularized society.In1983, the Eighth Amendment recognized“the right to life of the unborn”,subject to qualifications concerning the“equal right to life”of the mother.The passage of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments guarantees the right to have an abortion performed abroad,and the right to learn about“services”that are illegal in Ireland,but legal abroad.The prohibition on divorce in the1937Constitution was repealed in1995under the Fifteenth Amendment. Divorce rates in Ireland are very low compared to European Union averages while the marriage rate in Ireland is slightly above the European Union average.

Capital punishment is constitutionally banned in Ireland,while discrimination based on age,gender,sexual orientation,marital or familial status,religion and race is illegal.

Ireland became the first country in the world to introduce an environmental levy for plastic shopping bags in

2002and a public smoking ban in2004.Recycling in Ireland is carried out extensively and Ireland has the second highest rate of packaging recycling in the European Union.

Section2:Chinese-English Translation(50points)

Translate the following passage into English.

冲突对抗，是构建中美新型大国关系的必要前提。有研究显示，历史上大约有过15次新兴大国的崛起，其中有11次与既有大国之间发生了对抗和战争。但现在的世界已今非昔比，中美之间乃至全球各国之间已是日趋紧密的利益共同体，对抗将是双输，战争没有出路。不冲突、不对抗的宣示，就是要顺应全球化潮流，改变对中美关系的负面预期，解决两国之间的战略互不信，构建对中美关系前景的正面信心。

相互尊重，是构建中美新型大国关系的基本原则。世界是多样的，中美作为两个社会制度不同、历史文化背景各异，同时又利益相互交织的大国，相互尊重就显得尤为重要。我们只有相互尊重对方人民选择的制度与道路，相互尊重彼此的核心利益与关切，才能求同存异，进而聚同化异，实现两国的和谐相处。

合作共赢，是中美构建新型大国关系的必由之路。中美双方在双边关系各领域都有着广泛合作需求和巨大合作潜力。此外，作为两个大国，环顾当今世界，从反恐到网络安全，从核不扩散到气候变化，从中东和平到非洲发展，也都离不开中美两国的共同参与、合作和贡献。

2015年11月英语三级笔译真题参考答案

英译汉

大师兄点评：

2015年11月英语三级笔译英译汉第一篇来自维基百科“爱尔兰”词条，本文介绍的是爱尔兰国家的概况，主要包括爱尔兰的独立历史、经济现状、人口出生率等几个方面，内容比较零散。全文共8段580词，符合三级笔译大纲英译汉文章单词余约600词的要求，本文的难度不大。较有难度的地方主要包括以下几个方面。这些主要是涉及到爱尔兰的历史、宗教以及爱尔兰和英国的关系，需要考生有一定的政治常识。

第一段中的“It is a unitary,parliamentary republic with an elected president serving as head of state”这句应该翻译为“中央集权的议会制共和国”，“unitary”为“中央集权的”，而不是“单一的”。在其后的“the head of government”应该翻译为“总理”，而非“政府首脑”。爱尔兰的总统和总理的职权是不同的。

第二段中的“Initially a dominion,Ireland received official British recognition of full legislative independence in the Statute of Westminster of1931”这句应翻译难度比较大。首先要明白“dominion”的意思以及“Statute of Westminster of1931”这部法律。“dominion”的意思是“A dominion is an area of land that is controlled by a ruler”，自治领是英国殖民地制度下一个特殊的国家体制，这些自治领是自治国家，但是没有立法权。另外“Statute of Westminster of1931”指的是1931年英国议会通过的“威斯敏斯特条例”。它是关于处理英联邦内部关系的重要法律。它赋予加拿大、澳大利亚、南非、爱尔兰等前英国殖民地以完全的立法权。

第七段中“the receding influence of the Catholic Church”比较难理解，这里的背景是，罗马天主教一直是爱尔兰的主要宗教，信奉天主教人口达到90%，但由于基督教在爱尔兰的传播，天主教的影响力正逐渐下降。

大师兄翻硕版译文：

爱尔兰共和国是西欧的一个主权国家，其国土面积为爱尔兰岛的六分之五。爱尔兰的首都和最大城市是都柏林，该国460万人口中约三分之一居住在这座大都市。唯一与爱尔兰在陆地上接壤的是英国的北爱尔兰。爱尔兰是中央集权的议会制共和国，总统为国家元首，由选举产生。爱尔兰总理由议会下议院选出。

在爱尔兰独立战争和随后签署的《英爱条约》之后，爱尔兰于1922年脱离联合王国获得独立。独立之初的爱尔兰只是一块（仍受应该控制的）自治领，在1931英国议会通过《威斯敏斯特条例》后，爱尔兰才获得英国对其立法独立的正式承认。1937年爱尔兰实施了一部新宪法，这部宪法规定该国的名称为“爱尔兰”。在1949年，《爱尔兰共和国法案1948》获得通过，爱尔兰宣布成为一个共和国。

以人均GDP计算，爱尔兰位居世界最富裕国家行列。1973年，爱尔兰通过了一系列自由经济政策，这促进了经济的快速增长，同时社会不平等问题加剧。1995年到2007年，该国经济欣欣向荣。但其经济良好态势被2008年爆发的史无前例的金融危机所中断，与此同时全球经济也遭受重挫。

在2011年和2013年的《联合国人类发展指数报告》中，爱尔兰位列最发达国家第七位。并且该国在国家发展的其他几个指标方面表现突出，包括媒体自由、经济自由和公民自由方面。该国奉行不结盟的中立外交政策。

2011年，爱尔兰人口为4588252人，自2006年来增加了8.2%。截止2011年，爱尔兰的出生率为欧盟最高（每千人每年出生16名婴儿）。2012年，爱尔兰35.1%的新生儿为未婚女性所生。在2002年到2006年这个阶段，爱尔兰每年人口增长率超过2%，这归功于较高速度的自然人口增长和移民。这个增长率在随后的2006年到2011年这个阶段稍微下降，此阶段的人口年增长率为1.6%。

在性别平等方面，爱尔兰排名世界第五。在2011年，爱尔兰被评为欧洲最慈善国家第一名，世界最慈善国家第二名。在1979年以前，避孕措施在爱尔兰是受到管制的，但罗马天主教影响力的消退导致了

爱尔兰社会越来越世俗化。1983年，第八修正案承认了“未出生的婴儿的生命权”，其所具有的生命权资格与其妈妈的生命权资格是平等的。第十三和第十四修正案的通过确保了女性有在国外堕胎的权利以及学习“堕胎服务”的权利，这种服务在爱尔兰是违法的，但在国外是合法的。1937年宪法禁止离婚的规定在1995年通过的第十五修正案中被废止了。与欧盟平均水平相比，爱尔兰的离婚率十分的低，而爱尔兰的结婚率则稍稍高于欧盟平均水平。

爱尔兰宪法禁止死刑，同时规定基于年龄、性别、性取向、婚姻或家庭状况、宗教和种族方面的歧视是违法的。

爱尔兰在2002年开始对塑料购物袋开征环境税，2004年开始在公共场所禁烟，而这些举措在世界上均属首创。资源循环利用在爱尔兰开展的很广泛，爱尔兰的包装循环利用率在欧盟位居第二。

汉译英

大师兄点评：

本文节选自中华人民共和国外交部长王毅2013年9月20日在布鲁金斯学会的演讲，《如何构建中美新型大国关系》。本文共3段436字，难度不大。其中，“新型大国关系”、“利益共同体”、“顺应潮流”等词都是很常见的表达。“新型大国关系”的表达为“the new model of major-country relations”；“利益共同体”的翻译有两种——“a community of shared interests”和“a community of common interests”。本文的难度总体不大，译文见官方译文。

官方版译文：

“No conflict or confrontation”is the prerequisite for the new model of major-country relations between us. According to some study of history,there have been about15cases of rise of emerging powers.In11cases, confrontation and war broke out between the emerging and the established powers.However,we now live in a different world.China and the United States and in fact all countries in the world are part of a community of shared interests.Countries are increasingly interconnected.Neither of us will benefit from confrontation.War will get us nowhere.“No conflict or confrontation”means that we need to follow the trend of globalization,reverse negative projections of China-US relations,address strategic distrust and build confidence in the future of China-US relations.

“Mutual respect”is a basic principle for this new model.We live in a world of rich diversity.For China and the United States,two major countries different in social system,history and culture yet connected by intertwined interests,mutual respect is all the more important.Only by respecting each other’s system and path chosen by their people,as well as each other’s core interests and concerns can we seek common ground while reserving differences and,on that basis,expand common ground and dissolve differences so that China and the United States will be able to live together in harmony.

“Win-win cooperation”is the only way to turn the vision into a reality.There is an enormous need and vast potential for bilateral cooperation in all fields.Besides,the world certainly needs China and the United States,two major countries with great influence,to work together and contribute on issues ranging from counter terrorism to cyber security,from nuclear non-proliferation to climate change,and from peace in the Middle East to Africa’s development.Win-win progress is only possible when both countries are committed to growing cooperation. Moreover,such win-win outcome should not just be beneficial to China and the United States,it should also be beneficial to all countries in the world.

2015年5月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试

英语三级《笔译实务》试卷

Section1:English-Chinese Translation(50points)

Translate the following passage into Chinese.

For generations,coal has been the lifeblood of this mineral-rich stretch of eastern Utah.Mining families proudly recall all the years they toiled underground.Supply companies line the town streets.Above the road that winds toward the mines,a soot-smudged miner peers out from a billboard with the slogan“Coal=Jobs.”

But recently,fear has settled in.The state’s oldest coal-fired power plant,tucked among the canyons near town,is set to close,a result of new,stricter federal pollution regulations.

As energy companies tack away from coal,toward cleaner,cheaper natural gas,people here have grown increasingly afraid that their community may soon slip away.Dozens of workers at the facility here,the Carbon Power Plant,have learned that they must retire early or seek other jobs.Local trucking and equipment outfits are preparing to take business elsewhere.

“There are a lot of people worried,”said Kyle Davis,who has been employed at the plant since he was18. Mr.Davis,56,worked his way up from sweeping floors to managing operations at the plant,whose furnaces have been burning since1954.“I would have liked to be here for another five years,”he said.“I’m too young to retire.”

But Rocky Mountain Power,the utility that operates the plant,has determined that it would be too expensive to retrofit the aging plant to meet new federal standards on mercury emissions.The plant is scheduled to be shut by April2015.“We had been working for the better part of three years,testing compliance strategies,”said David Eskelsen,a spokesman for the utility.“None of the ones we investigated really would produce the results that would meet the requirements.”

For the last several years,coal plants have been shutting down across the country,driven by tougher environmental regulations,flattening electricity demand and a move by utilities toward natural gas.This month, the board of directors of the Tennessee Valley Authority,the country’s largest public power utility,voted to shut eight coal-powered plants in Alabama and Kentucky and partly replace them with gas-fired power.Since2010, more than150coal plants have been closed or scheduled for retirement.

The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that the stricter emissions regulations for the plants will result in billions of dollars in related health savings,and will have a sweeping impact on air quality.In recent weeks,the agency held11“listening sessions”around the country in advance of proposing additional rules for carbon dioxide emissions.

“Coal plants are the single largest source of dangerous carbon pollution in the United States,and we have ready alternatives like wind and solar to replace them,”said Bruce Nilles,director of the Sierra Club’s Beyond Coal campaign,which wants to shut all of the nation’s coal plants.

For many here,coal jobs are all they know.The industry united the area during hard times,too,especially during the dark days after nine men died in a2007mining accident some35miles down the highway.Virtually everyone around Price knew the men,six of whom remain entombed in the mountainside.But there is quiet acknowledgment that Carbon County will have to change—if not now,soon.

Pete Palacios,who worked in the mines for43years,has seen coal roar and fade here.Now86,his eyes grew cloudy as he recalled his first mining job.He was12,and earned$1a day.“I’m retired,so I’ll be fine.But these

young guys?”Pete Palacios said,his voice trailing off.

Section2:Chinese-English Translation(50points)

Translate the following passage into English.

天柱县位于贵州省东部，是川渝黔通两广、江浙的重要门户，素有“黔东第一关”、“中国重晶石之乡”、“贵州高原黄金城”之称。

天柱县总面积2201平方公里，辖16个乡镇，326个行政村，总人口41万余人，以侗、苗族为主的少数民族人口占98.3%。是贵州省少数民族比例最多的县份之一。

天柱蕴藏着丰富的自然资源。气候温和，土壤肥沃，是贵州重要粮食生产基地，享有“黔东粮仓”的美誉。当地年产烟叶2.6万担（一担=50公斤），是中国烟叶主产区。这里林业资源丰富，森林面积达185万亩（一亩=1/15公顷），覆盖率达56%，是贵州十大林业基地县之一。重晶石、黄金、煤等矿产资源也十分丰富。

天柱乘西部大开发的东风，迅速崛起。全县国民经济稳步发展，综合实力日益增长，人民生活水平在不断提高，产业结构调整日趋优化，基础设施建设得以加强，城镇面貌日新月异。“生态环境优美，文化教育优越，综合服务优化，人居条件优良，经济充满活力”的新天柱呈现在世人面前。

2015年5月英语三级笔译真题参考答案

英译汉

大师兄翻硕版译文：

卡本县位于犹他州东部矿产丰富的地区，煤炭世代都是其生命线。每每回忆起在地下挖煤的艰苦岁月时，矿工家庭都觉得无比自豪。小镇街上的煤炭供应公司一家挨着一家。在蜿蜒通向矿区的道路上有一块广告牌，上面写着“煤炭等于工作”的标语，广告牌上一位满脸煤灰的矿工目光向外凝视。

但最近，恐慌情况蔓延。卡本电厂是犹他州历史最悠久的煤电厂，它坐落于小镇附近的峡谷之中，不过由于更为严格的联邦政府污染防治新法规的出台，它就被关闭。

随着能源公司都摒弃煤炭转而使用更加清洁和更加廉价的天然气，这里的人越来越担心他们的家园将很快就会消失掉。数十位在卡本电厂工作的员工已经得知，他们必须提前退休或者另谋职业。

自18岁起就一直在这家电厂工作凯尔·戴维斯说：“许多人现在都忧心忡忡。”现年56岁的戴维斯先生在该公司从清扫工人一路做到管理岗位，而这家电厂的燃煤炉自1954年来就没停止运行过。他说道：“我本想在公司再干五年的，毕竟现在我还年轻，退休还早。”

但是负责运营卡本电厂的落基山电力公司已断定，如果为达到汞排放的联邦标准而对日渐老化的卡本进行翻新的话，代价将非常巨大，因而此举不可行。卡本电厂计划于2015年4月关闭。落基山电力公司的发言人大卫·艾斯克森说：“在过去三年的大部分时间里，我们都在尝试各种办法来满足新规定的要求，但在我们所尝试的办法中，没有一种办法的结果能满足要求。”

过去几年里，由于环保法规更加严格、电力需求不断下降以及电力公用企业转而使用天然气，全国各地的燃煤电厂纷纷关闭。本月，美国最大的公共电力公司——田纳西河流域管理局董事会投票决定关闭位于阿拉巴马州和肯塔基州的八家燃煤发电厂并将其中一些电厂升级为燃气发电厂。自2010年以来，有150多家燃煤电厂已经关闭或即将退役。

美国国家环保局预计，对燃煤电厂实施更加严格的排放法规可节省数十亿美元的医疗开支，并且对空气质量产生深远影响。最近几周，在没拟定二氧化碳排放的补充条例之前，国家环保局已在全国范围内举行了11次“听证会”。

“在美国，燃煤电厂是危险的碳污染的最大单一来源。我们有现成的替代物来替代它们，比如风能和太阳能，”布鲁斯·奈尔斯说道。他是山峦俱乐部（美国一环保组织）发起的“不用煤炭”运动的负责人，该运动希望关闭美国所有的燃煤电厂。

对于这里的很多人而言，他们所知道的只有煤炭开采工作。煤炭行业也能在艰难时期将该地区团结起来，尤其是在2007年造成9人死亡的矿难事件后的黑暗时期，那次矿难就发生在那条高速公路往前35英里的地方。普赖斯附近的所有人几乎都认识遇难者，其中有六名遇难者至今仍埋葬在山腰处。但是卡本县不得不转型，每个人对此都心照不宣——即便不是现在，那也是很快的事情。

在煤矿工作了43年的皮特·帕拉斯奥斯见证了煤炭行业的兴衰。如今86岁高龄的老爷子每当回忆起第一份挖煤工作时都会泪眼婆娑。那时候他才12岁，每天都有一美元的工资。“我现在退休了，可以安度晚年。但那些年轻的小伙子怎么办？”老爷子说道，声音渐渐消失。

汉译英

网络版译文：

Located in the east of Guizhou,Tianzhu County is an important gateway from Sichuan,Chongqing and Guizhou to Guangxi,Guangdong,Jiangsu and Zhejiang.It is known to the world as the“First Pass in Eastern

Guizhou”,a“Land of Barite in China”and a“Gold County on the Guizhou Plateau”.

With a total area of2,201square kilometers,Tianzhu County is composed of16townships and326 administrative villages.Ethnic minorities,predominantly Dong and Miao,constitute98.3%of the local population of more than410thousand.It is one of the counties with the highest concentration of ethnic minorities in Guizhou.

Tianzhu boasts abundant natural resources.Endowed with moderate climate and fertile soil,it is a major grain production base in Guizhou and is crowned as the“Breadbasket in East Guizhou”.It isalso a major tobacco leaf producer in China with an annual output of26thousand dans(one dan=50kilograms).Furthermore,the extensive forests in the county cover an area of1.85million mus(one mu=1/15hectare),56%of the county’s total area.Besides being one of the ten larget county-level bases of forest resources in Guizhou,it also abounds in barite,gold,coal and other mineral resources.

Benefiting from the country’s“go west”campaign,Tianzhu County has entered into a fast track of development.Many encouraging changes in comprehensive strengths have taken place in Tianzhu:steady economic growth,improvement of the people’s livelihood,adjustment and optimization of the industrial structure, as well as infrastructure improvement.And today Tianzhu is presenting a new image featuring a sound ecological environment,developed culture and education,improved comprehensive services and habitat conditions,as well as a more vibrant economy to the world.

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