翻译的酒神精神 (3)
翻译中的阿波罗精神和狄奥尼索斯精神
Abstract: Apollo symbolizes “dream”, rules, self-control and order. Dionysus symbolizes “drunkenness”, indulgency, fusion and removal of bounds. The spirits of Apollo and Dionysus are two indispensible factors in ancient Greek arts. Currently, with the translation activities being at a wider range and function of translation being increasingly considerable, translators and scholars in translation fields have put forward and perfected multiple translation theories from perspectives of translation aesthetics, translation sociology and so on. The paper combines the relation between Apollo and Dionysus, and discusses the necessity, dialectical relationship and reflection of the two spirits in the process of translation.
Key words: translation; Apollo; Dionysus; source text; target text Translation: The Combination of Apollo and Dionysus
摘要：阿波罗象征“梦”，象征规则、自制和秩序。狄奥尼索斯象征“醉”，象征纵情、融合以及界限的去除。阿波罗精神和狄奥尼索斯精神是古希腊艺术中不可或缺的要素。今日，翻译活动愈加广泛、翻译的作用日益突显，翻译界的译者和学者们从翻译美学、翻译社会学等角度提出并完善了多种翻译理论。本文结合了阿波罗精神和狄奥尼索斯精神的关系，浅谈了两者在翻译过程中的重要性、辩证关系与体现。
关键词：翻译；阿波罗；狄奥尼索斯；原文；译文
希腊神话是古希腊艺术取之不尽的源泉。神话是古希腊人民丰富的精神文明的体现，神话承载了他们的情感与世界观。阿波罗和狄奥尼索斯是希腊神话中重要的两位艺术之神，他们在古希腊人们心中的地位在艺术创作上有所体现。国内外不少学者将阿波罗精神和狄奥尼索斯精神应用于多个领域。其实，这两者在翻译的过程中也起着不可或缺的作用。
阿波罗与狄奥尼索斯
阿波罗，古希腊神话中十二主神之一，宙斯和暗夜女神勒托所生之子，意为“光明”或“光辉灿烂”。狄奥尼索斯，古希腊色雷斯人信奉的葡萄酒之神。《悲剧的诞生》中，尼采对希腊悲剧和艺术文化的哲学与美学思考，围绕阿波罗精神和狄奥尼索斯精神展开。阿波罗是“梦”，是造型艺术之神，是自制、静穆的秩序和有着明晰轮廓的光明的喜悦。狄奥尼索斯是“醉”，是丰收后的纵情歌舞，是界限的去除，是融合。阿波罗属于现象世界。叔本华在《作为意志和表象的世界》里所描述的“喧腾的大海横无际涯，翻卷着咆哮的巨浪，舟子坐在船上，托身于一叶扁舟；同样的，孤独的人平静的置身于苦难世界之中，信赖个体化原理”，正是阿波罗梦幻世界给与人们的温婉平和的精神。狄奥尼索斯呢，将个体化、自觉的意识通通摒除，而是用生命的本能去感受“太初”的真实。
艺术能在那个沿海的民主城邦制国家达到高峰并永葆魅力，与德尔斐神庙里供奉的阿波罗神与狄奥尼索斯神不无关系，与这两者在古
希腊人们心中的尊贵地位不无关系。古希腊艺术不仅透露着理性的力量，也当然能让我们感受到感性的抒发。艺术是美，美是和谐。只有阿波罗精神的作品，一如文艺复兴早期巴奥洛·乌切洛的绘画，线条符合透视而造型呆板，而倘若一味跟从狄奥尼索斯，则如同法国弗拉戈纳的油画，除了情感本能和欲望，别无其他价值体现。只有阿波罗和狄奥尼索斯的和谐，才能有美的艺术。
翻译的阿波罗精神
译文首先是对原文的继承。好的译文不仅需要继承原文的意思，还要继承原文的形式，原文的意境。中国有道安的“五失本三不易”，彦琮的“十条八备”，玄奘的“五不翻”，赞宁的译经“六例”，马建忠的“善译”，严复的“信达雅”，傅雷的“形似、神似”说，钱种书的“化境”说，另外，许渊冲先生则从诗学的视角提出“意美、形美、音美”的翻译标准。在西方，以奈达的翻译理论最具代表性，英国翻译理论家泰特勒（Tytler）也提出了三条翻译原则：一是要将原作的意思全部转移到译文上来；二是译文应当具备原作的风格和文体，而且要保全原作的真实；三是译文和原作要同样的流利自如。这些都是给翻译活动提出了一些可以遵循的标准和规范。也就是说，翻译仍旧需要标准，需要规范，需要阿波罗的照耀和指引。
翻译的狄奥尼索斯精神
翻译所涉及的媒介---语言---本身具有任意性。不同的译者，具有不
同的文化素养和语言水平，对原文也有着不同层次的理解，因此，不同的译者会赋予译文不同的阐释。另外，每个译者都有自己的语言风格和表达方式，那么，这也注定了翻译的过程充满了译者的主观因素。哲学家贺麟曾表示：“就文字而言，译文诚是原著之翻抄本；就义理而言，译文与原著皆系同一客观真理之不同语文的表现。故译文表达同一真理之能力，有时同于原著处；但译文表达同一真理之能力，有时同于原著，甚或胜于原著亦未尝不可能也。”那么，也就是说，翻译需要狄奥尼索斯精神带领，以此完成创造。没有狄奥尼索斯精神，就不可能使译作变为“新作”。
阿波罗精神与狄奥尼索斯精神在翻译中的结合
那是不是说翻译是一种纯粹的创造性活动呢？翻译就该随着狄奥尼索斯沉醉、畅饮、狂舞呢？并非如此。英国文学家、翻译家德莱顿（Dryden）将翻译比喻成“戴着脚镣在绳索上跳舞”，这就生动地表现出了阿波罗精神和狄奥尼索斯精神的统一。译者没有资格在翻译过程中为所欲为，而必须抑制自己不恰当的写作冲动，做到与原文的统一。好的译者，可以使原作重获新生，但也只能是对原作艺术的逼近，而不是脱离。翻译首先必须具有阿波罗精神，只有如此，才能体现忠实，才能体现对原作者以及对读者的负责。但是，没有了狄奥尼索斯精神，翻译便将成为一潭没有活力的死水。
应用
对于阿波罗精神和狄奥尼索斯精神在翻译过程中的统筹，许渊冲先生的译本可对此进行印证。
许渊冲，我国著名的诗歌翻译家，提出了翻译的“三美论”，即意美、音美、形美。在他的许多作品中，通过运用“三美论”，恰到好处地演绎了翻译的阿波罗精神和狄奥尼索斯精神。如：
毛泽东的两句诗：
高天滚滚寒流急，大地微微暖气吹。
In the steep sky cold waves are swiftly sweeping by;
On the vast earth warm winds gradually growing high.
译文不仅在阿波罗精神的引导下做到了忠实地表达原文的意思，而且形式上，整齐对等，音律上相得益彰。非常巧妙地发挥了狄奥尼索斯精神，不仅不失原文之美，而且让人拍案称奇。
参考文献
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Unit1: 1)我们像在暖房里种花那样养孩子是错误的。我们必须让他们接触各种社会问题，因为不久他们就将作为公民来应对这些问题。 It is wrong to raise our children the way we grow flowers in the greenhouse. We must expose them to all social problems because very soon they will be dealing with them as responsible citizens. 2)随着时间的推移，我们不可避免地会越来越多地卷入国际事务。而冲突必然会发生，因为国家之间总有不同的观点和利益。 As time goes on we are inevitably going to get more and more involved in international affairs. And conflicts are sure to occur because there always exist different views and interests between nations. 3)我们为我们的成就而骄傲，我们有理由感到骄傲。但是我们永远不能变得狂妄，不然我们就会失去我们的朋友。 We are proud of our accomplishments, and we have reason to be. But we must never become arrogant. Otherwise we will lose our friends. 4)信息现在唾手可得。一个普通的电脑就能储存一个普通图书馆的信息。 Information is now easily available. An average computer can store the information of a small library 5)那家建筑公司没有资格操作这个项目。他们没有任何法律文件能证明他们具备必要的专门技术。 That construction company is not qualified to handle the project. They do not have any legal document to certify that they have the necessary expertise. We must find a company that specializes in building theatres. 6)这些智囊团不作决策。他们力图提出一些对决策者十分有用的新主意和深刻的分析。 These think tanks do not make decisions. They are out to generate new ideas and penetrating analyses that will be extremely useful for decision makers. 7)国内生产总值不是一切的。如果人民的生活质量没有真正改善的话，我们国家就并不能说已经现代化了。 The growth of GDP is not everything. Our country cannot be said to have been modernized unless the quality of our people’s lives is really improved. 8)虽然那时候我们在很多方面都很困难，但作为孩子我们仍然很幸福，因为有干净的空气、水；江河湖泊里有很多鱼、螃蟹、黄 鳝；田野里有花，有树，有鸟。 Poor as we were in many ways at that time, we were still quite happy as children, for there was clean air, clean water, a lot of fish, crabs and eels in the rivers, lakes, and ponds, and a lot of flowers, trees and birds in the fields. 9)只要给某一个人或某一群人以绝对权力，那这个人或这一群人就肯定会滥用权力，因为正如阿克顿勋爵所说，“权力使人腐败， 绝对权力绝对使人腐败。” Give absolute power to some individual or any particular group of people, and that person or group are sure to abuse that power because, just as Lord Acton says, “Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.” 10)在我们国家，传统上都认为，“万般皆下品，惟有读书高”。 Traditionally in our country school education was always said to be more important and useful compared with all other pursuits. Unit2: 11)我跟你说，从各方面考虑，当教师不失为一个好主意。事实上，我认为这个主意好极了。
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励志英语文章及翻译 如果我们能够时常找一些带翻译的经典励志的英语文章来看看，也是挺好的，那么励志英语文章及翻译都有哪些呢?一起来看看吧。 To see the golden sun and the azure sky, the outstretched ocean, to walk upon the green earth, and to be lord of a thousand creatures, to look down giddy precipices or over distant flowery vales, to see the world spread out under one s finger in a map, to bring the stars near, to view the smallest insects in a microscope, to read history, and witness the revolutions of empires and the succession of generations, to hear of the glory of Simon and Tire, of Babylon and Susan, as of a faded pageant, and to say all these were, and are now nothing, to think that we exist in such a point of time ,and in such a corner of space, to be at once spectators and a part of the moving scene, to watch the return of the seasons, of spring and autumn, to hear--- The stock dove plain amid the forest deep, That drowsy rustles to the sighing gale. ---to traverse desert wilderness, to listen to the dungeon s gloom, or sit in crowded theatres and see life itself mocked, to feel heat and cold, pleasure and pain, right and wrong, truth and falsehood, to study the works of art and refine the sense of beauty to agony, to worship fame and to dream of immortality, to have read Shakespeare and Beloit to the same species as Sir Isaac Newton; to be and to do all this, and then in a moment to be nothing, to have it all snatched from one like a juggler s ball or a phantasmagoria [参考译文] 何为不朽--威廉赫兹里特 我们看到金色的太阳，蔚蓝的天空，广阔的海洋;我们漫步在绿油油的大地之上，做万物的主人;我们俯视令人目炫心悸的悬崖峭壁，远眺鲜花盛开的山谷;我们把地图摊开，任意指点全
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全新版大学英语综合教程3课文原文及翻译6-8
unit 6 The Last Leaf When Johnsy fell seriously ill, she seemed to lose the will to hang on to life. The doctor held out little hope for her. Her friends seemed helpless. Was there nothing to be done? 约翰西病情严重，她似乎失去了活下去的意志。医生对她不抱什么希望。朋友们看来也爱莫能助。难道真 的就无可奈何了吗？ 1 At the top of a three-story brick building, Sue and Johnsy had their studio. "Johnsy" was familiar for Joanna. One was from Maine; the other from California. They had met at a cafe on Eighth Street and found their tastes in art, chicory salad and bishop sleeves so much in tune that the joint studio resulted. 在一幢三层砖楼的顶层，苏和约翰西辟了个画室。“约翰西”是乔安娜的昵称。她们一位来自缅因州，一 位来自加利福尼亚。两人相遇在第八大街的一个咖啡馆，发现各自在艺术品味、菊苣色拉，以及灯笼袖等方面趣 味相投，于是就有了这个两人画室。 2 That was in May. In November a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia, stalked about the district, touching one here and there with his icy fingers. Johnsy was among his victims. She lay, scarcely moving on her bed, looking through the small window at the blank side of the next brick house. 那是5月里的事。到了11月，一个医生称之为肺炎的阴森的隐形客闯入了这一地区，用它冰冷的手指东 碰西触。约翰西也为其所害。她病倒了，躺在床上几乎一动不动，只能隔着小窗望着隔壁砖房那单调沉闷的侧墙。 3 One morning the busy doctor invited Sue into the hallway with a bushy, gray eyebrow. 一天上午，忙碌的医生扬了扬灰白的浓眉，示意苏来到过道。 4 "She has one chance in ten," he said. "And that chance is for her to want to live. Your little lady has made up her mind that she's not going to get well. Has she anything on her mind? “她只有一成希望，”他说。“那还得看她自己是不是想活下去。你这位女朋友已经下决心不想好了。她有 什么心事吗？” 5 "She -- she wanted to paint the Bay of Naples some day," said Sue. “她――她想有一天能去画那不勒斯湾，”苏说。 6 "Paint? -- bosh! Has she anything on her mind worth thinking about twice -- a man, for instance?" “画画？――得了。她有没有别的事值得她留恋的――比如说，一个男人？” 7 "A man?" said Sue. "Is a man worth -- but, no, doctor; there is nothing of the kind." “男人？”苏说。“难道一个男人就值得――可是，她没有啊，大夫，没有这码子事。” 8 "Well," said the doctor. "I will do all that science can accomplish. But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral procession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines." After the doctor had gone Sue went into the workroom and cried. Then she marched into Johnsy's room with her drawing board, whistling a merry tune. “好吧，”大夫说。“我会尽一切努力，只要是科学能做到的。可是，但凡病人开始计算她出殡的行列里有 几辆马车的时候，我就要把医药的疗效减去一半。”大夫走后，苏去工作室哭了一场。随后她携着画板大步走进 约翰西的房间，口里吹着轻快的口哨。 9 Johnsy lay, scarcely making a movement under the bedclothes, with her face toward the window. She was looking out and counting -- counting backward. 约翰西躺在被子下几乎一动不动，脸朝着窗。她望着窗外，数着数――倒数着数！ 10 "Twelve," she said, and a little later "eleven"; and then "ten," and "nine"; and then "eight" and "seven," almost together. “12，”她数道，过了一会儿“11”，接着数“10”和“9”；再数“8”和“7”，几乎一口同时数下来。 11 Sue looked out of the window. What was there to count? There was only a bare, dreary yard to be seen, and the blank side of the brick house twenty feet away. An old, old ivy vine climbed half way up the brick wall. The cold breath of autumn had blown away its leaves, leaving it almost bare. 苏朝窗外望去。外面有什么好数的呢？外面只看到一个空荡荡的沉闷的院子，还有20英尺开外那砖房的侧墙，上面什么也没有。一棵古老的常青藤爬到半墙高。萧瑟秋风吹落了枝叶，藤上几乎光秃秃的。
基础英语1Unit1,3,5,9,11,12课后翻译
Unit1 V ocabulary4 1.他们利用我们求助无门的困境把我们公司接管了。 They took advantage of our hopeless situation and took over our company. 2.虽然我们前面仍有困难，但我肯定我们中国人有智慧靠自己实现国家的和平统一。 Although there are still difficulties lay ahead of us, I’m sure that we Chinese people have the wisdom to bring about the peaceful unification of our country on our own. 3.只强调国内生产总值是错误的，它会引起很多严重的问题。 It is wrong to stress/emphasize/put emphasis on GDP. It will bring about/give rise to many serious problems. 4.他喜欢炫耀他的财富，但这完全是徒劳的，人们仍然像躲避毒药那样躲他。 He loves to show off his wealth, but that is all in vain. People still avoid him as he were poison.
5.他不久就爱上了这个村子。他决心和村名一起把这个地方变成一个花园。 He soon fell in love with the village and was determined to make it a beautiful garden together with the villagers. 6.我们必须花更多的钱来和全球气温上升作斗争。另外，我认为我们应该采取严厉的法律措施。这不是一个钱的 问题。 We must spend much more money fighting against global warming. In addition, we must resort to tough laws. It is not just a matter of money. 7.当警察到达学校的时候，学生和教师还在一种茫然不知所措的状态。 When the police arrived at/reached/got to school, the teachers and students were still in a daze. 8.这个腐败的官员还在死死抓住他的权力不放。他拒绝靠边站。 This corrupt official was still clinging to his power. He refused to step aside.
英语励志短文带翻译
Evaluation Only. Created with Aspose.Words. Copyright 2003-2015 Aspose Pty Ltd.英语励志短文带翻译 英语励志短文：A New Day （崭新的一天） The sun has begun to set and I hang up the smile I’ve worn all day, though I will make sure it is the first thing I put back on in the mo rning just in case it is “that day.” I want her to see me at my very best. 太阳将要下山，我收起挂了一天的微笑，不过我会确保明天早上第一件事就是将它又挂回去，以防这天就是“那一天”。我希望她看到我的最佳状态。 I do the normal routine, eat dinner, clean the house, write—the usual stuff. And then I lay down hoping to fall asleep quickly so my new day will hurry up and arrive. A new day with a brand new sun. But as I lay there and wait for the world to turn half way around, I think about her. And sometimes I smile, and sometimes that smile will turn into asnicker, and then often that snicker will turn into a burst of laughter. 我按平时的规律吃晚餐、打扫屋子、写作——做着日常事务。然后我躺下，希望能快点入睡，新的一天就能快点到来——拥有新生太阳的崭新的一天。可当我躺在那儿，等待着世界的日夜回转时，我想到了她。有时我会笑起来，有时那微笑变成了窃笑，然后窃笑又常常变成爆笑。 And then there are times I get that lump in my throat and that tight feeling in my chest, and sometimes that feeling overwhelms me and begins to turn into a tear, and often that tear multiplies itself and I can no longer fight the feeling and I lose the battle. Then somehow through either the joy or the sadness I drift and find myself asleep. Then the dreams begin and keep me company until my new day arrives. 也有些时候，我的喉咙像是被一块东西哽住了，胸口发闷;有时那种伤感席卷 而来，我开始流泪，眼泪常常越流越多，我再也无力抵抗悲伤，败下阵来。然后不知怎的，我在或喜悦或悲伤中飘荡，逐渐入眠。然后梦境开始伴我左右，直至新的一天到来。 When I awake it’s with such excitement because I tell m yself this could be the day that every other day has led up to and the first day of the rest of my life. I quickly don my smile because I do so want her to see me at my very best. Then I look out the window because, even though I know it’s dawn, I still have to confirm I’ve been given another chance to find her.
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精心整理 Whatsportsandotheractivitiesdoyouparticipatein?Whatkindsoffoodsdoyoueat?Whatkindofpe opledoyouspendtimewith?Youranswerstotheseandsimilarquestionsreflectyourtotalhealth.He alth is acombinationofphysical,mental/emotional,andsocialwell-being.Thesepartsofyourhea lthworktogethertobuildgoodoverallhealth. 你参加过什么体育活动和其他活动吗？你吃什么食物？你和什么样的人在一起？你对这些问题或者类似的问题的回答反映出了你整体的健康状况。健康是身体、心里和社会安宁感的集合。这些健康的部分结合起来搭建了一个完整的健康体系。 通常，觉更好， t 身体须要远离有害的物质像烟草、酒精和其他毒品。他们用体育运动的时间去平衡他们看电视或玩电脑游戏的时间。体育运动包括做特殊的运动，远足，健身操，游泳，跳舞和做一份工作。通过远离有害物质和坚持体育运动，你可以保持身体健康。另外一种说法就是，要想身体健康就要多运动。 Doyoufeelgoodaboutwhoyouare?Doyouknowhowtohandlestressfulsituations?Doyouhaveapositiv eattitudeaboutlife?Youranswerstothesequestionswilltellyousomethingaboutyourmental/emo tionalhealth.Mental/emotionalhealthismeasuredbythewayyouthinkandexpressyourfeelings.Y oucandevelopgoodmental/emotionalhealthbylearningtothinkpositivelyandtoexpressyourfeel ingsinhealthyways.Positivethinkingisagoodstrategytousewhenyouarefeelingsadordown.Tryf ocusingyourattentiononallofthegoodthingsinyourlife,suchasyourfriends,family,andactivi tiesyouenjoy.Thenthecauseofyoursadnessmightnotseemsobad.Likewise,recognizingandbuildi
基础综合英语课文翻译
基础综合英语课文翻译 导语：《基础综合英语》综合听说读写四个方面。每单元前半 部分涉及听说技能，而后半部分突出读写技能。这四种技能都围绕同一主题展开，相互补充，协同提高。下面是由的关于基础综合英语课文第一单元部分课文的翻译。欢迎阅读！ 对F的赞美 今年将有好几万的十八岁青年毕业，他们都将被授予毫无意义 的文凭。这些文凭看上去跟颁发给比他们幸运的同班同学的文凭没什么两样。只有当雇主发现这些毕业生是半文盲时，文凭的效力才会被质疑。 最后，少数幸运者会进入教育维修车间——成人识字课程，我 教的一门关于基础语法和写作的课程就属于这种性质。在教育维修车间里，高中毕业生和高中辍学生将学习他们本该在学校就学好的技能，以获得同等学历毕业证书。他们还将发现他们被我们的教育体系欺骗了。 在我教课的过程中，我对我们的学校教育深有了解。在每学期 开始的时候，我会让我的学生写一下他们在学校的不快体验。这种时候学生不会有任何写作障碍！我希望有人能让我停止吸毒，让我学习。我喜欢参加派对，似乎没人在意。我是一个好孩子，不会制造任何麻烦，于是他们就让我考试通过，即使我阅读不好，也不会写作。很多诸如此类的抱怨。
我基本是一个空想社会改良家，在教这门课之前，我将孩子们 的学力能力差归咎于毒品、离婚和其它妨碍注意力集中的东西，要想学习好就必须集中注意力。但是，我每一次走进教室都会再度发现，一个老师在期望学生全神贯注之前，他必须先吸引学生的注意力，无论附近有什么分散注意力的东西。要做到这点，有很多种办法，它们与教学风格有很大的关系。然而，单靠风格无法起效，有另一个办法可以显示谁是在教室里掌握胜局的人。这个办法就是亮出失败的王牌。 我永远也忘不了一位老师亮出那张王牌以吸引我的一个孩子的 注意。我的小儿子是个世界级的万人迷，学习不怎么动脑筋却总能蒙混过关，直到施蒂夫特夫人当了他的老师，这种局面才彻底改变了。 当她教我儿子英语时，我儿子是一个高中高年级学生。他坐在 后排和他的朋友说话。她告诉我。你为什么不把他换到前排来？我恳求道，我相信令他难堪的做法会让他安心学习。史蒂夫特夫人从眼镜上方冷冷地看着我。我不会换高年级学生的座位。她说，我会给他们不及格的成绩。我大感紧张。我们儿子的学习生涯在我的眼前闪现。之前，没有老师以此威胁过他。我恢复镇定，艰难地表示我认为她是对的。到家时，我对此感觉良好。目前这是一种激进的做法，但是，嗯，为什么不这么做呢？她要给你不及格。我告诉我的儿我没有再多说什么。突然英语就在他的生活中成了头等大事。他期末得了一个A。 我知道一个例子不能说明问题，但我在夜校中看见了一群愤怒、怨恨的学生，他们愤恨的原因是学校让他们一路混，直到他们甚至都无法再假装跟得上。这些学生智力水平至少也算中等，但最终都退学