《新概念英语第二册》语法精粹(含习题)：名词性从句

《新概念英语第二册》语法精粹

八、名词性从句

知识要点：

1、熟悉并掌握各个连接词、关系代词和连接副词的用法。

2、熟悉并掌握复合句即名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句），定语从句和状语从句。

什么叫复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分，不能独立。

从句通常是用关联词来引导的。在这里关联词还起联系从句和主句的作用。

主从复合句（Complex Sentences）

一、从句的种类：

主语从句（Subject Clauses）

1、名词性从句表语从句（Predicative Clauses）

Noun Clauses 宾语从句（Object Clauses）

同位语从句（Appositive Clauses）

2、定语从句（Attributive Clauses）

3、状语从句（Adverbial Clauses）

注：以it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用的句型有：

（1）It + be + 形容词+ that从句

（2）It + be + 名词词组+ that从句

（3）It + be + 过去分词+ that从句

（4）It seem, happen等不及物动词+ that从句

二、常用的关联词

1、从属连词that（无词义）；whether是否；if假如，是否

although(though)虽然；because因为

when当…时候；before在…前；after在…后

since既然，自从；as正如，尽管，一边，由于；while在…期间

as soon as一…就；as long as只要；as if好像

2、连接代词who, whom, which, what, whose

3、连接副词when, where, why, how

4、关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that

5、关系副词when, where, why

1、主语从句：

种类关联词例句说明连that That he will come and help you is certain.

他来帮助你是确实无疑的。

that在句首不可省去

词whether Whether there is life on the moon is an

interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个

有趣的问题。

主语从句中只能用whether不可用if。

主连

接who

what

What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。

语代

词

which

whatever

Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁

能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。

主语从句放在句首，句

子常显得笨重，因此一般

从句连

接

副

词

when

where

why

how

It is known to us how he became a writer.

我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。

Where the English evening will be held has

not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里

举行，还没有宣布。

把它移到句子后面，前面

用引导词“it”来作形式主

语。

2、宾语从句：

种类关联词例句说明

陈述

意义that

I believe(that) he is honest. 我相信他

是忠诚的。

We must never think(that) we are good in

everything while others are good in

nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都

好，别人什么都不好。

that在句中不担任任何

成分，在口语或非正式的

文体中常被省去，但如从

句是并列句时,第二个分

句前的that不可省。

宾疑问

意义if

whether

I wonder whether he will come or not.

我想知道他来还是不来。

Everything depends on whether we

have enough money. 一切要看我们是否

有足够的钱。

I don’t know if(whether) it is

interesting. 我不知道它是否有意思。

He doesn’t care if it isn’t a fine day. 他

不在乎天气是否好。

whether常与or not连

用，不能用if代替。

作介词宾语要用

whether不能用if。

从句是否定句时一般用if

引导。

语特殊

疑问

意义who, whom,

which,whose,

what, when,

where, why,

how,whoever,

whatever,

whichever

Please tell me what you want. 请告诉

我你需要什么？

She always thinks of how she can

work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做

好。

She will give whoever needs help a

warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会

给予热情的支持。

宾语从句作及物动词

宾语也可做介词的宾语。

从注1 We must make it clear that anyone who

breaks the law will be punished. 我们必

须认清无论谁违反了法律都要受到惩

罚。

如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，将从句后置。

句注2 We don’t think you are here. 我们认

为你不在这。

I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他

不会这样做。

think, believe, imagine, suppose等动词引出的宾语从句，要将从句中的否定形式，移动主句中。

3、表语从句：

种类关联词例句说明

表连

词

that

whether

The problem is(that) they can’t get here early enough.

问题是他们不能很早到达这里。

在非正式的文

体中that可以省

as if It looks as if it’s going t o rain. 看起来天要下雨。去。

语从连

接

代

词

who

what

which

That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。

The question is who(which of you) will be the next

speaker. 问题是谁（你们哪一位）接着发言。

表语从句位于

主句系动词之后

句连

接

副

词when

where

why

how

This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。

That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。

4、同位语从句：

种类关联词例句说明

同位语从句

由连词

that引导，

不担任成

分，也可有

when, how,

where等引

导。

The news that he had landed on the moon spread

all over the world. 他曾在月球上登陆这个消息传

遍世界。

I have no idea when he will come back home. 我

不知道他什么时候回来。

The thought came to him that Mary had probably

fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。

He must answer the question whether he agrees to

it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问

题。

同位语从句说明其

前面的名词的具体内

容，常用的名词如：

fact, news, idea, hope,

thought,question, order,

fear, doubt, word,

proof，belief, story等。

名词性从句包括四种从句即主语从句、表词从句、宾语从句和同位词从句。名词性从句的特点：that 、who、whom、what 、whether及when、where引导名词性从句时必须是陈述句词序：

1、主词从句：

That light travels in straight line is known to all .(That 引导主语从句不可省)

When th e plan is to take off hasn’t been announced ．

主语从句通常以it 做形主语出现

It was my fault that I had him play foatball all faternoon.

It is important that we should go to the school to talk with the teacher.

2、表语从句，即名词性从句放在表语位置就是表语从句，需要注意的，主语是reason时，表语要用that引导而不是because．

The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .

3、宾语从句that 常可以省略，并且注意时态呼应，当主句为过去时时，从句时态一定往前推移，不可出现现在时或现在完成时。

The teacher told us that Tomo had left us for America．

4、同位语从句注意与定语从句区别，同位语从句对前一名词做补充说明，在从句中无语法位置，而定语从句所修饰词在从句中占一语法位置如：

The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong．( 同位idea在从句中无位置，而从句只是具体说明idea的内容）。

The idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong ．(定语从句，idea做put forward 的宾语)。【专项训练】

1．I wonder how much ．

A．cost these shoes B．do these shoes cost C．these shoes cost D．are these shoes

cost

2．Nobody knew ．

A．where he comes B．where he was from C．where he is from D．where does he come from

3．Excuse me ,would you please tell me ．

A．when the sports meet will be taken place ．

B．when was the sports meet going to be held．

C．when is the sports meet to begin ．

D．when the sports meet is to take place ．

4．Cornputers can only give cut has been stored in them .

A．that B．which C．what D．anything

5．She wanted to know ．

A．whether I knew her and where did she work

B．if I knew her and the factory she worked there

C．wherther I knew her and the factory she worked

D．if I knew her and the factory where she worked

6．My friend wouldn’t tell me his new car ．

A．how much he paid for B．how much did he pay

C．he paid how much for D．did he pay how much

7．A simple experiment shows air has some strength ．

A．what B．that C．which D．who

8．He you are not going abroad．

A．surprised that B．is surprised that C．surprised at D．is surprised whether 9．Father asked ．

A．what was wrong with me B．what’s wrong with me

C．what wrong was with me D．what wrong is with me

10．It doesn’t matter I rest or not ．

A．if B．whether C．that D．when

11．The trouble is we are short of tools ．

A．what B．that C．how D．why that

12．That is there appears a rainbow in the sky ．

A．what B．when C．why D．however

13．I can’t understand is he wants to change his mind．

A．That , that B．Which , what C．What , what D．What, why

14．It is possible he misunderstood I said．

A．that ,that B．what, what C．what , that D．that , what

15．The thought he might fail in the exam worried him ．

A．which B．that C．when D．/

16．The fact he is an orphan is well known．

A．wha B．that C．which D．/

17．I was free that evening

A．It happened to B．It happened that C．That happened D．It was happened that

18．I will accept the gift is none of your business．

A．If B．Whether C．What D．Which

19．I have will be yours sooner or later ．

A．No matter what B．No matter whatever C．Whatever D．That

20．He always thinks he can do more for the people．

A．of how B．how C．of that D．why

21．in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive next Monday ．A．It says B．It is said C．It has said D．He is said

22．We think it important college students should master at least one foreign language ．

A．which B．that C．what D．whether

23．Comrade Wang is to give us a talk on he saw and heard in Britain．

A．what B．all what C．that D．which

24．The town is no longer it was ten years ago．

A．which B．that C．what D．when

25．told yuou that was lying ．

A．who B．whoever C．Anyone D．The person

26．Word came I was wanted at the office．

A．which B．why C．that D．whether

27．nothing to do with us ．

A．What he did is B．What he has done C．What did he do D．What he has done has

28．The problem is will go ．

A．that B．that who C．who D．whoever

29．there is life on another planet is almost impossible．

A．How B．That C．Why D．Whether

30．was a well -known fact．

A．That their team was weak B．That their team being weak

C．Their team was weak D．If their team was weak

【答案】：

1 C

2 B

3 D

4 C

5 D

6 A

7 B

8 B

9 A 10 B 11 B 12 C 13 D 14 D 15 B 16 B 17 B 18 B 19C 20 A 21 B 22 B 23 A 24 C 25 B 26C 27 D 28 C 29 B 30 A

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定语从句专题复习 定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who,whom,whose(一般指人),that（指人或物）,which(指物)等。 关系副词有：when（时间）,where(地点),why（原因）等。 （1）关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 ①who,whom,that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Ishethemanwho/that wantstosee you 他就是你想见的人吗（who/that在从句中作主语） Heistheman(whom/that)I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/who/that在从句中作saw的宾语,可以省略） ②whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换），例如：Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Pleasepassmethebookwhose/ofwhichcover（封面）isgreen. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 ③which,that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：Rosalikesmusicthat/whichisquiteandgentle.（which/that在句中作宾语） Thisisthebook(that/which)I'mlookingfor.（which/that在句中作lookfor的宾语） （2）关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 ①when,where,why 关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用，例如： Doyouremembertheday when Isawyou(你还记得我见到你的那一天吗) Beijingistheplace where（inwhich）Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。 Isthisthereason why（forwhich）herefusedouroffer 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗 ②that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： Hisfatherdiedtheyear（that/when/inwhich）hewasborn. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 Heisunlikelytofindtheplace（that/where/inwhich）helivedfortyyearsago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 （3）判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：

名词性从句语法填空

25. I know nothing about her but _____________ she is from Canada. 名词性从句语法填空26. It depends on _____________ we have enough time. ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 1. _________ we'27. __________ he doesn't like them is very clear. 2. I remember ____________ this used to be a quiet village. 28. ___________ is a fact that English is accepted as an international language. generally considered unwise to give a child ____________ he or she wants. 3. It's29. Can you tell me ____________I can get to the railway station? 4. ___________ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. 30. They want to know ____________ they can do to help us. s __________ you left it. 5. Go and get your coat. It'31. These photographs will show you ______________our village looks like. t get seems better than ___________ we have. ' 6. __________ we can32. Can you make sure ____________Alice has put the gold ring? 7. It worried her a bit __________ her hair was turning gray. 33. George knew__________ he could get his best, but he did not have enough time to study. 8. ----Do you remember ____________ he came? 34. _____________ he is a rich man is known to all in the city. ----Yes, I do. He came by air. 35. The reason why he has been such a success is ____________ he never gives up. 9. You may do ______________ you take interest in. 36. Sophia said _____________ Alice would like to marry a tall man. 10. The old gentleman never fails to help ____________ is in need of his help. 37. Difficulty lies in the fact ____________ we have no money. 11. You can depend on ______________ promise he makes. 38. I don't think the question of ____________ they are old or young is important. 12. _____________ we should work out a plan to deal with it is important. 39. __________ the 2016 Olympic Games will be held in the city is not known yet. 13. ____________ discovered America is well known. 40. __________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the light. 14. _____________you really need is a good meal and a good rest. 41.__________ you may do, you must do it well. 15. _____________we shall finish the work before May Day is possible. 42. The fact __________ he was successful proves his ability. 16. Can you tell me ________________that woman is? 43. A man's worth lies not so much in __________ he has as in __________ he is. 17. The fact _____________ she works hard is well known to us all. 44. ____________ may say so, it is a lie. 18. The mountain is no longer ____________ it used to be. 45. The question he asked was _________ the electrical equipment should be stored. 19. Jack said ____________ he is pleased to meet the American friends. 46. ___________ the earth goes round the sun is known to all. 20. Lei Feng was always