【精品文档】11中英文双语服装设计专业外文文献翻译成品：低碳服装设计与时尚生活方式的分析与研究

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外文标题：Analysis and Study of Low-Carbon Clothing Design and Fashion Lifestyle

外文作者：Yan Zhang, Rong-rong Xu

文献出处：Journal of Arts and Humanities,Volume 5,Issue 6,2018,23-29(如觉得年份太老，可改为近2年，毕竟很多毕业生都这样做)

英文3379单词， 18792字符(字符就是印刷符)，中文5966汉字。

Analysis and Study of Low-Carbon Clothing Design and Fashion Lifestyle Abstract

Low-carbon is not only a slogan, but also a global action to protect the environment. In the clothing industry, low-carbon clothing design has drawn public focus and it also conveyed the notion that we should respect for nature and advocate the concept of conservation. Through the analysis and study of low-carbon clothing design, it comes to two conclusions: On the subjective aspect, low-carbon design consciousness of designers which humanization of costume design, design clothing beyond beauty, thinking and caring about people; on the objective aspects, low-carbon clothing design is analyzed in three main aspects: fabric, color and styling. It is necessary to put low-carbon concept into people’s behavior consciousness and let the slow fashion environmental concept return back to people’s fashion lifestyle, so that consumers can look for their self-positioning and rational thinking. Therefore, the design of low-carbon clothing should be raised to the design of humanistic care to ensure that low-carbon concept is a global need and responsibility.

Keywords: Clothing Design, Environmental Protection, Fashion, Lifestyle, Low-Carbon. Introduction

With the rapid development of industrial civilization in 20th century, people have changed their material life. However, global environment suffers from malignant pollution. For example, ecological resource is destroyed and the species diversity is reduced. In order to protect our earth, humans began to focus on ecological protection and emphasize low-carbon sustainable development (Liming, 2010). In the clothing industry, low-carbon clothing design has drawn enough attention. Firstly, people pay more attention to the quality of clothing rather than the quantification. Secondly, the designer's concepts has been more humanization, low-carbon idea of clothing has humanistic concern and slow fashion concept gradually returned back to public’s lifestyle. Thirdly, consumers pursue clothing quantitative upgraded to the quality. Starting from the concept of low-carbon environmental protection, low-carbon clothing design is not only the trend of the clothing development, but also a new fashion lifestyle pursued by many people.

The background of low-carbon clothing at home and abroad

Low-carbon is not only a slogan, but also the environmental protection operation of everyone on earth. With the arrival of a low-carbon economy era, the development of clothing industry should be adapted to the trends of the global economy. Low-carbon clothing design has become the trend of the clothing development (Xiaodan, 2015). People's life has been quickly improved. Humans began to focus on eco-environmental protection and sustainable development. In December 2009, the United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Copenhagen, Denmark, triggered a hot debate on the low-carbon economy. After that, low-carbon has become a major trend in the global economy and new rules. In Copenhagen climate change conference, the United States promised greenhouse gas emissions in 2020 will be reduced by 17% compared to 2005 (Yuanling, 2015) . Korea will be implemented one of the most rigorous in the three plans in order to cut carbon emissions. Over the next 10 years, the plan will make the 2020 carbon emissions lower than normal levels of 30%. The Chinese government is also committed to that the 2020 unit of GDP carbon dioxide emissions decreased by 40% ~ 50% than in 2005 (Ruixiang, 2015). According to the survey of China's carbon dioxide emissions in recent years (figure 1), China's carbon dioxide emissions are increased. The emissions are growth from 7.7 billion tons to 10.4 billion tons from 2009 to 2014. But China's carbon dioxide emissions decreased by 1.5% in 2015. It can be seen that the emissions have remarkable decrease. It implies that people are concerned about the issues of low-carbon and environmental protection. In order to achieve economic development goals of low energy consumption, low pollution and low emission, people are encouraged to form a low-carbon lifestyle and pursue a low-carbon economy.

On May 19, 2015, “Made in China 2025 strategy”, officially released by the State Council, puts forward the basic policy of "Innovation driven, quality first, green development, structural optimization, people-oriented". Made in China 2025 strategy is

the key to the development of China's garment industry. Green development policy extends the green manufacturing engineering. It including costume green production, environmental protection design and recycle the old cloth (Yanhong, 2015). On May 20, 2015, the NPC Standing Committee vice chairman Lu Yong Xiang, president of Chinese academy of sciences says: "We must accelerate the transformation of development mode, the adjustment of industrial structure and achieve green manufacturing" in World Green Design Forum 2015 Yangzhou Summit. It indicated that green manufacturing has been promoted to an important degree. As a developing country, manufacturing industry has not been out of the development patterns of high input, high consumption and high emission. The excessive consumption of resources has become an important factor restricting the development of China's economy and society (Huadi, Xinxin & Pan, 2015). From the state industry and enterprise, “grow first, clean up late” is the wrong path, we should remember the lessons drawn from others' mistakes.

Earth hour is the world's largest environmental action launched by the world natural foundation in Australia from 2007. It appeals to people all over the world to switch off their lights for one hour on Saturday night in March of every year. This action shows their supports for global action to combat climate warming and thinking on environmental problems (Lun, 2010). In 2016, the Earth Hour campaign’s theme is blue life, encouraging the public farewell sustainable living and consumption patterns for the blue sky and our planet. There are five aspects for public to practice in daily life, clothing, food, housing, transportation and fun. Facing the climate change, it is hoped that the haze disappear and the sky bluer. Turn off the lights for one hour, more than one hour of environmental protection. In the fashion industry, the global fast fashion brand Urban Revivo (UR) takes concrete actions to show that its determination of low- carbon and environmental protection. The night of March 19, 20:30, 104 stores of UR store light to initiatives. It influences the public to pay attention to environmental protection. UR has been vigorously participates in low-carbon action in all areas. In order to reduce the pollution, UR shopping bags are made of low-carbon material and the paper bags are also biodegradable and recyclable. Low-carbon sustainable lifestyles make the action widely supported by the public.

Low-carbon clothing design

From the anti-fur campaign, more and more people realize that environmental protection is not just a slogan. It calls for all human beings put their actions to protect the earth (Ting, 2010). Have you done low-carbon today? Recently, this is the most popular internet topic. This is a new generation of network people committed to environmental protection and low-carbon. They pushed the fashion trend to the low-carbon era. They show low-carbon fashion, lifestyle and advocate low-carbon environmental awareness to their fans. This paper analyzes and studies the design of low-carbon clothing in two aspects. On the subjective aspect, fashion designers need professional ability. In the trend of low-carbon, the designer's work should reflect humanization, thoughts and caring about people. Of course, fashion design beyond the beauty is also required. On the objective aspect, the low-carbon clothing design is analyzed in three essential factors: material, modeling and color.

Study on low-carbon clothing designs at the subjective level

Fashion designer needs more low-carbon concept of consciousness and thinking. Clothing brand advocate the low-carbon as the trend of development. The public like the low-carbon and creative costumes. Consumer's behavior consciousness is being raised. They are voluntarily looking for the rational orientation and pursue clothing quantitative upgrading to the quality.

Fashion designers' low-carbon design

Fashion design must be beautiful. Japan fashion designers, cubist master Issey Miyake released the 1325.Series clothing design. Among them, 1 represents a whole piece of fabric, 3 represents a three-dimensional, 2 represents the two-dimensional shape after folding, 5 represents a new three-dimensional experience. 1325. Series use low-carbon sustainability as a design concept. Its inspiration comes from Japanese Origami. Every piece of clothing material is recyclable plastic bottle (PET material). Issey Miyake's design has beyond the space of two-dimensional and three-dimensional. Three dimensional fashions are folded into two-dimensional geometry plane. Designers need innovative spirit and thinking toward people, design should pay more attention to the cultural and emotional exchanges.

Low-carbon activities of brand clothing

The environmental work shows at London Fashion Week, many brands are based on low-carbon concept. For example, organic cotton fabrics can not only protect the environment but also wears comfortable to human body. Bamboo fiber is a special natural fiber which has very good permeability. It is easy to dry and difficult to produce bacteria. Linen and cereal fiber raw materials are also eco-friendly fabrics. South Korea's environmental protection fashion show display designer's works using old clothing. For example, the design of the bag, it uses the old suit as the material. Designer re-designs the old clothing or old material into a fashion cloth. Designers want to encourage people to participate in low-carbon activities. Recycling the old clothing merges into people's fashion life style.

Low-carbon is activities of brand clothing. For example, H&M introduced organic cotton clothing. Giorgio Armani used flax and corn fiber as raw materials. Armani believes that unprocessed material is the environmental. In the low-carbon activities held by Armani, clothing selling is bond with money donation for African children. This money is used for HIV/AIDS treatment (Xiao, 2012). The clothing design concept of GUESS is low-carbon. It launched Green series. This series is green jeans which are made of organic cotton. Brand clothing’s principle is green design. Its design concept is low-carbon and advocate that public should participate in low-carbon activities. People should put the low-carbon into the fashion lifestyle, work together to protect nature, respect for nature.

Study on low-carbon clothing designs at the objective level

With the development of high-tech, clothing fabric, shape and color have reached a new level. For example, 3D printing fabric has been widely used in our life. The emergence of 3D printing pen achieves a fairy tale magic brush Ma Liang. 3D printing pen can create on any surfaces, even paint directly in the air. 3D printing pen is small. It is needed to select the right materials. It can start creation. For example, graduated from the United States Charlotte art college, fashion design artist Patrick Tai designed a skirt with the 3D

printing pen. The whole works takes 100 hours. Tai using 3D print pen to draws a skirt in model’s body. The creative inspiration came from geometry, modern building, and some unique of texture. 3D print Pen has achieved Tai’s work, ABS plastic and relative soft of FLEXY material have been selected as 3D print material, which can reflected the low-carbon environmental design in material. 3D printing technology has opened a new path of low-carbon materials. Provide designers with a variety of ways to achieve inspiration.

In the fashion industry, 3D printing technology has been used in a variety of brands, such as the New balance’s shoes, Chanel‘s suits. Recently, the Ministry of Supply of Boston clothing brand designed a 3D print woven carbon seamless coat. Print quality of this jacket is very classy. Coats, clothing, collar, and the sleeves are needed to design complete clothing. Ministry of Supply’s seamless coat was printed directly rather than sew. The advantages of this dress are fitted wearing, durable wear and saving fabrics. According to the survey, traditional cut and sew clothing process can waste about 25%-30% fabrics. Waste percentage of low-carbon seamless coat using 3D printing is 0%, which means no waste. Apparently, it can save the cost of fabrics in the production process and reduces environmental pollution. It is intelligent that during the 3D printing process, it can use the intelligent modeling to make consumers more comfortable.

3D printing low-carbon era is the future trends in fashion design; Using high-tech low-carbon fabrics to replace ordinary cloth. Fashion design can become low-carbon, environmental protection and intelligent.

Analysis and study on low-carbon lifestyle and fashion

Low-carbon fashion design is a clothing design based on environmental protection. From a design standpoint, the engagement of low-carbon and lifestyle should be carefully considered. Low-carbon clothing is artistic creation which has been intensively studied and combined with fashion life.

Lifestyle under the concept of slow fashion

Slow fashion concept gradually returns to people's lifestyle. Designers need to express human emotions, beyond beautiful, user-friendly works. Transmit environmental messages to the people and constantly promote the development of low-carbon trend. For example, the mother of fashion punk Vivienne Westwood encouraged people to buy less clothing in the campaign to save the Arctic, she shouted the slogans: quality not quantity. Consumer concept

Nowadays, the public's consumption concept gradually returns to slow fashion culture. People began to pursue a quality of life. The attitudes of low-carbon and environmentally-friendly have gradually penetrated into every consumer’s lifestyle. Low-carbon is not only the way of environmental protection, but also the lifestyle. Similarly, low-carbon design should be suitable for consumers and a development goal of the recycling enterprises. Consumer consumption concept is the decisive factor which determines the development speed of ecological environment in the clothing industry (Jing & Peipei, 2015). However, who will guide the consumer concept? Consumer attitude is the long-term accumulation result of national culture and the direct reflection

of social reality. Among the many factors that lead the concept of individual consumption, the main consumption concept and individual factors are the basic factors to guide the consumption concept (Guangjie, 2012).

Firstly, the influence that the mainstream concept of consumption having on the concept of personal consumption. Green low-carbon is the new consumption trend. More and more consumer’s requirements gradually increased. They focus on clothing durability, environmental protection and low-carbon fabric. Through the network and other ways, consumers should understand the impact to the environment in the process of clothing produce. These consumption concepts gradually formed the mainstream culture and then continue to affect others concept. Based on the data analysis, more consumers would buy fewer clothes and shopping rationally, even some environmental protection consumers pay more 20%-30% price to buy low-carbon fabrics clothing or recycling clothes for their consumption values and lifestyles.

Secondly, Personal factors are determined by the degree of people's culture, thinking and the quality of thinking. As 2015 China's first eco environmental fabrics design competition jury expert judges, they think in terms of consumer's personal consciousness, if each category of consumers can be like the mother and infant brand consumers, the promotion of ecological environmental protection will quickly enter a new stage in China's textile and garment industry (Jing & Peipei, 2015). In the low-carbon age, return to the slow fashion and rational way of life, they can clearly know their own consumption concept positioning. Rational lifestyle includes, first, personal subjective reduction in the purchase of clothes or the old clothing renovation, each person reduce one piece of clothes. It is equivalent to a reduction of about 5.7 kg of CO2emissions. Second, consumers need to choose environmentally friendly fabrics and styles. Such as the cooperation fabric clothing of Lining and Teijin, ECO CIRCLE. Through the CIRCLE ECO system recovery process, each 3000 pieces of clothing can reduce the amount of CO2e missions, equivalent to 228 trees one year’s absorbing amount of CO2. Thirdly, choosing environmental washing will save water and prevent the detergent pollution. Washing by hand instead of using machine washing and dry naturally. One time of washing by hand can reduce carbon emissions 0.26 kg. Fourth, consumers can participate in charitable activities and donate money or clothes to the disaster area, helping the needy people. When consumers find their own positioning and the lifestyle that integrated into the consumer's personal concept, they resonate with low-carbon environmental protection.

Revival and recovery of old clothing

Low-carbon clothing design of the old clothes is related to the life style of the public. It is also one of the acts of green environmental protection. The revival of the old clothing can be the DIY re-design of the old clothing. DIY means do it yourself. Consumers reduce unnecessary clothes. It can put the concept of low- carbon environmental protection into the life style. Consumers can start from the DIY design using the old clothing. DIY can also be understood design it yourself. Creative design can be combined with the popular elements of tassel, bright skin, stitching, simple cut etc. Design creativity can also be the design of worn clothing, made the old clothes into shopping bags. It is redesign of fabric. Let the old clothes DIY design become clothing that can be continually used.

Re-surrection using clothes can come from clothing factory. In response to low-carbon and environmental protection slogans, Sweden's fast fashion chain clothing Hennes and Mauritz (H&M) clothing stores in China offer "collection of used clothing " boxes, consumers can use their own old clothes in Exchange for a H&M 85 percent coupon. Recently H&M brand material on these old clothes to design new "Close the loop" denim. Old clothes for this series of revival in apparel fabric are 20% for cotton and 80% organic cotton, this design is one of the biggest highlights. Clothes recycling cost will be relatively high. H&M, Adidas, PUMA join in recycling old clothes project, I:CO company who provides technical support ,said that current 40% to 60% old clothes for recycling after disinfection processing into the secondary market, the remaining part will be recycled for the manufacture of cloth and other products, and others will be used for thermal power generation. Today, H&M launched collection weeks of used clothing, the first world collection weeks of used clothing start at the April 18th, the activities planned to collect more than 1000 tons of used clothing worldwide, and the campaign slogan “recycle one T-shirt, 2100 liters of water can be saved" make everyone raise up the enthusiasm about recycling old clothes.

Conclusion

Low-carbon is not only the consumption trend in global economy but also a green lifestyle. It is a way to solve the earth environmental problem. Low-carbon slogans should be advocated to upgrade to the environmental protection action for everybody. In the clothing industry, on one hand, every brand donates themselves into low-carbon clothing activities, encouraging consumers to participate in low-carbon behaviors. On the other hand, consumers begin to reposition themselves. They purchase clothes rationally, reuse the clothes with imagination and reduce discarding. In the low-carbon age, designer's creativity should start from human; the design displays human nature thoughts. The slow fashion ideas gradually return to fashion and lifestyle. The low-carbon concept of clothing rose to humanistic, low-carbon concept is connected with the behavior of human beings. All these actions make low- carbon concept become the basic demand and sense of responsibility.

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低碳服装设计与时尚生活方式的分析与研究

摘要：

现如今，低碳一词不仅仅是一个口号，而且也成为了全球保护环境的行动。在服装行业中，大众对低碳服装设计已经表示出极大的关注，这传达了我们人类应该尊重自然、倡导节约理念的观念。本文中，通过对低碳服装设计进行分析和研究，得出了下面的两点结论：在主观方面，服装设计师要有低碳设计的意识，注重服装设计的人性化，要思考和关心人的需要，而不只是紧紧关注美;在客观方面，本文从服装面料、色彩和款式三个方面分析了低碳服装的设计。将低碳的概念融入人们的行为意识里去是很有必要的，让慢时尚的环保概念回归到人们的时尚生活方式中去，让消费者寻找到自我的定位以及理性的思维。所以，低碳服装的设计应该要提升到人文关怀设计的层面上来以确保低碳概念是全球人类共同的需求和职责。

关键词：服装设计，环境保护，时尚，生活方式，低碳。

引言

伴随着20世纪人类工业文明的快速发展，人们改变了他们的物质生活。而另一个方面是全球环境遭受到严重的污染。比如，生态资源被破坏、物种多样性的减少。因此为了保护我们的地球，人类开始关注生态环境保护并注重低碳可持续的发展（李明，2010）。在服装行业，低碳服装设计引起了人们足够多的重视。首先人们更加注重服装的质量而不是服装的数量。其次设计师的设计概念更加人性化，低碳服装的概念更具有人文关怀，慢时尚理念逐渐回归到人们的生活方式中去。第三消费者开始从追求服装的数量升级到服装的质量。从低碳环保理念出发，低碳服装设计不仅仅是服装发展的潮流，也成为了众多追求新时尚生活方式的人的选择。

国内外对低碳服装研究的背景

低碳一词不仅是一个口号，也成为地球上每一个人对环境保护的实际行动。随着低碳经济时代的到来，服装业的发展也要适应全球经济的发展趋势。低碳服装设计已成为服装发展的趋势（晓丹，2015）。人们的生活得到了很大的改善。人类已经开始

关注生态环境的保护以及它的可持续发展。联合国气候变化会议于2009年12月在丹麦的哥本哈根举行，这引发了人们关于低碳经济的热议。在之后低碳已成为全球经济和新规则的主要发展趋势。在哥本哈根气候变化会议上，美国承诺到2020年温室气体排放量将比2005年减少17％（沅陵，2015年）。为了减少碳排放，韩国将实施三个计划中最严格的计划之一。在接下来的10年里，该计划承诺2020年的碳排放量低于正常水平的30％。中国政府也承诺2020年二氧化碳单位排放量比2005年下降40％?50％（瑞祥，2015年）。根据近年来中国二氧化碳排放量调查（图1），中国的二氧化碳排放量逐年增加。从2009年到2014年，碳排放量从77亿吨增长到104亿吨，但是2015年中国的二氧化碳排放量下降了1.5％。可以看出碳排放量呈现明显下降的趋势。这意味着人们更加关心低碳和环保问题。为了实现低能耗、低污染、低排放的经济发展目标，我们要鼓励人们形成低碳生活方式的概念并去追求低碳经济。

图一中国的二氧化碳排放量

在国务院于2015年5月19日正式发布的“中国制造2025战略”中，提出来了“以创新为驱动、质量优先、绿色发展、优化结构、以人为本”的基本方针。中国制造2025战略是中国服装业发展的关键。绿色发展的政策扩展到了了绿色制造工程。这就包括了服装的绿色生产、环保设计和旧布回收（Yanhong，2015）。全国人大常委会副委员长中国科学院院长路勇祥于2015年5月20日在2015年世界绿色设计论坛扬州峰会上表示：“我们必须加快发展方式的转变，调整产业结构，实现绿色制造”。这表明绿色制造已经提升到了一个重要的层级。作为发展中国家，中国的制造业还没有摆脱高投入、高消耗、高排放的发展模式。资源的过度消耗已成为制约中国经济社会发展的重要因素（华地，欣欣以及潘，2015）。从国家工业企业层面上来看，“先成长后治理”的道路上是错误的，我们应该时时刻刻记住从别人的错误中去吸

取教训。

自2007年以来，地球一小时是由澳大利亚世界自然基金会发起的全球最大的环境保护行动。它呼吁世界各地的人们每年三月的周六晚上关灯一小时。该行为表明他们支持全球环保行动，以应对气候变暖和考虑到了环境保护的问题（伦，2010年）。2016年，地球一小时活动的主题是蓝色生活，为了我们人类的蓝天和地球，鼓励大众要过可持续的生活和消费模式。衣食住行和娱乐是人们日常生活的五个方面。面对气候变化，人们希望阴霾消失，天空更蓝。关灯一小时，而不仅仅是为环保做一小时的努力。在时尚界，全球快时尚品牌Urban Revivo（UR）采取实际行动表明其对低碳环保的决心。UR商店的104家店铺于3月19日晚上20点30分熄灯一小时。它影响着公众要去关注环境保护。 UR积极参与各个领域的低碳行动。为了减少污染，其购物袋由低碳材料制成，纸袋也是可生物降解和可回收利用的。低碳可持续生活方式使这一行动得到公众的广泛支持。

低碳服装设计

从服装反动物毛发的运动中，越来越多的人意识到环境保护不仅仅是一句口号。它呼吁所有人为保护地球而采取实际行动（Ting，2010）。今天你低碳吗？这是近期最受欢迎的互联网话题。这是致力于环境保护和低碳的新一代网络一族。他们将时尚潮流推向到低碳时代。他们展示了低碳时尚的生活方式并向粉丝宣传了低碳环保的意识。在本文中，从两个方面分析和研究了低碳服装的设计。在主观方面，时装设计师需要专业能力。在低碳趋势下，设计师的作品应该体现人性化，思考和关注人。当然，超越美的时尚设计也是很有必要的。在客观方面，对低碳服装设计从材质、造型和颜色这三个要素进行了分析。

低碳服装设计主观层面的研究

时装设计师在设计的过程中需要更多的低碳意识和思维观念。许多的服装品牌提倡低碳作为其发展的潮流趋势。大众喜欢既低碳又有创意的服饰。消费者的行为意识正在提高。他们根据自己的意愿寻求合理的定位，从追求服装数量提升到追求服装的质量。

时装设计师的低碳设计

时装设计过程中必须追求美丽。日本时装设计师立体派大师Issey Miyake（三宅一生）发布了“1325”系列的服装设计。其中，1代表整块织物，3代表三维，2代表折叠后的二维形状，5代表新的三维体验。 1325.系列使用了低碳可持续性作为设计理念。它的灵感来自日本折纸。每件衣服材料都是可回收塑料瓶（PET材料）。三宅一生的设计超越了二维和三维空间。三维时尚被折叠成二维几何平面。设计师需要有创新的精神和对人需求的思考，设计应该更加关注文化和情感的交流。

品牌服装进行的低碳活动

基于许多品牌服装低碳环保的观念，环境保护的工作在伦敦时装周上得到了展示。例如，有机棉织物不仅可以保护环境，而且穿在人体身上很舒服。竹纤维是一种特

殊的天然纤维，具有很好的渗透性。它很容易干燥并且很难产生细菌。亚麻和谷类纤维原料也是环保织物。韩国的环保时装秀展示了设计师使用陈旧的布做成服装的作品。例如，包的设计，它使用旧西装作为材料。设计师将旧衣服或旧材料重新设计成时装布。设计师希望鼓励人们参与低碳活动。对旧衣服的回收已经融入到了人们的时尚生活。

品牌服装推广了低碳的活动。例如，H＆M推出了有机棉服装。乔治阿玛尼以亚麻和玉米纤维为原料。服装品牌阿玛尼认为未加工的材料就是环保的。在阿玛尼举办的低碳活动中，服装销售与非洲儿童捐款息息相关。这笔钱用于艾滋病毒/艾滋病治疗（肖，2012）。 GUESS的服装设计理念是低碳。它推出了绿色系列的服装。这个系列的服装是由有机棉制成的绿色牛仔裤。品牌服装的原则是绿色设计。其设计理念是低碳化，倡导公众参与低碳活动。人们应该把低碳融入时尚的生活方式，共同保护自然、尊重自然。

客观层面的低碳服装设计研究

伴随着高科技技术的发展，服装所使用的面料形状及其颜色都达到了一个新的水平。例如，3D打印织物已被广泛应用于我们的生活中。 3D打印笔的出现实现了神笔马良的梦想。 3D打印笔可以在任何表面上进行创建，甚至可以直接在空气中进行喷涂。3D打印笔在体积上很小。需要选择合适的材料才可以开始它的创作。比如，毕业于美国夏洛特艺术学院的时装设计师帕特里泰就用3D打印笔设计了一条裙子。整个作品消耗了100个小时。使用3D打印笔在模特身上画一条裙子。这个创造的灵感来源于几何学、现代建筑和一些独特的纹理。 3D打印笔已经实现了他的作品，在服装设计中选用FLEXY材料的ABS塑料和相对柔软的3D打印材料，可以体现出材料中的低碳环保设计。 3D打印技术开辟了低碳材料的新路径。同时为设计师提供各种获得灵感的方法。

在各个时尚行业中，3D打印技术已被用于各种品牌，如New Balance的鞋子，Chanel 的套装等。最近，波士顿服装品牌供应部设计了一种3D打印的编织碳素无缝外套。该外套的印花质量非常优雅。设计完整的服装需要衣料、布匹、领子和袖子。供应部提供的无缝外套是直接打印的而不是缝制的。这件衣服的优点是适合穿着、耐用和节约面料。据调查，传统的裁剪和缝制服装工艺可浪费约25％-30％的面料。使用3D打印的低碳无缝涂层产生的废布料百分比为0％，这意味着无浪费。显然，它可以节省生产过程中的织物成本，并减少环境污染。更加智能的是在3D打印过程中，它可以使用智能建模让消费者感觉更加舒适。

3D打印的低碳时代是未来时尚设计的趋势;采用高科技低碳面料取代普通布料。时尚设计可以变得低碳、环保和智能化。

低碳生活方式和时尚的分析与研究

环保的服装设计是基于低碳的时尚设计。从设计的角度来看，要考虑到低碳和生活方式的融合。低碳服装是经过深入研究、结合时尚生活的艺术创作。

慢时尚概念下的生活

慢时尚的概念逐渐回归到人们的生活方式。设计师在设计的过程中需要表达出对人类情感、超越美丽、对用户友好的作品。还要向人们传递环保信息，不断推动低碳发展的趋势。例如，时尚朋克Vivienne Westwood的母亲鼓励人们在拯救北极的运动中购买较少的衣服，她高喊口号：要质量不要数量。

消费者观念

现如今大众的消费观念逐渐回归到慢时尚文化。人们开始追求生活质量。对低碳环保的追求逐渐渗透到每个消费者的生活方式中。低碳不仅是环保的方式，也是生活方式。同样，低碳设计应该适合消费者以及回收企业的发展目标。消费者消费观念是决定服装产业生态环境发展速度的决定性因素（Jing＆Peipei，2015）。但是，由谁来引导消费者的消费理念呢？消费者的消费态度是民族文化长期积累的结果，是社会现实的直接反映。在引发个人消费观念的诸多因素中，主要消费观念和个人因素是引导消费观念的基本因素（Guangjie，2012）。

第一是主流的消费理念对个人消费理念的影响。绿色低碳是新的消费趋势。越来越多的消费者对它的需求逐渐增加。他们专注于服装的耐用性、环保性以及是否为低碳织物。消费者通过网络等方式应该了解到服装生产过程对环境的影响。这些消费的观念逐渐形成主流文化，从而继续影响他人观念。根据数据分析，越来越多的消费者会购买更少的衣服和购物理性，甚至一些环保消费者愿意多花费20％-30％的价格购买低碳织物服装或者回收衣服以体现他们的消费价值观和生活方式。

其次是个人因素，这取决于个人受教育的文化程度、思维和思维的深度。身为中国首个生态环保面料设计大赛（2015年）的评委会专家，他们认为从消费者的个人意识来看，如果每一类消费者都能像母婴品牌消费者那样，那么生态环保在中国纺织服装业将很快进入一个全新的阶段。（Jing＆Peipei，2015）。在低碳时代，回归慢生活和理性的生活方式，他们可以清楚地知道自己的消费理念的定位。理性的生活方式包括，首先个人主观上减少购买衣服的数量或将旧衣物翻新。每个人减少一件衣服，这相当于减少了约5.7公斤的二氧化碳排放量。其次，消费者需要选择环保面料和款式。如李宁和帝人ECO CIRCLE通过合作制作的面料服装。通过CIRCLE ECO系统恢复过程，每3000件服装减少的二氧化碳排放量，相当于每年228棵树木吸收的二氧化碳量。第三，选择环保的洗涤材料将节约用水，防止洗涤剂污染。多用手洗，而不是使用机器清洗，并做到自然干燥。一次手洗可减少二氧化碳排放量0.26千克。第四，消费者可以参加慈善活动，向灾区捐款捐物，帮助困难群众。当消费者发现自己的定位融入了消费者个人观念的生活方式时，他们会对低碳环保产生共鸣。

对旧衣服的再使用和恢复

对旧衣服的低碳服装设计关系到大众的生活方式。这也是绿色环保行为之一。对旧衣服的恢复可以是对旧衣服的DIY重新设计。 DIY意味着自己动手。消费者减少了不必要的衣服。它可以把低碳环保理念融入到自己的生活方式中去。消费者可以从使用旧衣服的DIY设计开始。 DIY也可以理解为你自己设计。创意设计可以结合流行的

元素、鲜明的外形、拼接以及简单的裁剪等。设计创意也可以是对旧衣服的设计，使旧衣服变成购物袋。这是对织物的重新设计。让旧衣服DIY设计成为可以持续穿着的服装。

对衣服再修复的材料可以来自服装工厂。为响应低碳环保的号召，瑞典的快时尚连锁服装Hennes and Mauritz（H＆M）在中国的服装店提供了“旧衣服收集箱”，消费者可以使用自己的旧衣服换购H＆M 85％的优惠券。近期，H＆M利用这些旧衣服上的品牌材料设计了新的"Close the loop"牛仔布。该系列的旧衣复原的衣料中20％的是棉花和80％的是有机棉，这是此次设计的最大亮点之一。衣服回收成本会相对较高。 H＆M，阿迪达斯，PUMA也都参与了回收旧衣服的活动。I:CO公司提供了技术支持，并表示目前40％至60％的旧衣服经过消毒处理后回收再加工流入到二级市场，其余部分将回收用于制造布等产品，其他的将用于火力发电。时下H＆M推出了二手服装收集周的活动，世界上第一次二手服装收集周将于4月18日开始，计划在全球范围内收集1000多吨旧服装，活动的口号是“回收一件T恤节省2100升水“从而提高大家回收旧衣服的积极性。

结论

低碳不仅仅是全球经济活动的消费趋势，而且它也是一种绿色生活方式。这是解决地球环境问题的一种方法。我们应该倡导低碳这一口号要升级为每个人保护环境的行动。一方面，在服装行业中的每个品牌都将自己投身到低碳服装的活动中来，而且要鼓励消费者参与低碳的活动，付出实际行动。另一方面，消费者逐渐开始重新定位自己。他们开始理性地购买衣服，通过自己的创造力重新再使用衣服，从而减少丢弃。在低碳时代的大背景下，设计师的创意活动应该从人类开始，设计出展现人性思想的服装。慢时尚的理念逐渐回归到时尚的生活方式。低碳理念的服装上升到了人文主义，低碳概念与人类的行为息息相关。所有的这些行动使低碳概念成为人类最基本的需求和责任。

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英文翻译： The unique expression in fashion design Abstract: With the social progress and people's aesthetic awareness, clothing design requirements are constantly changing, not only beautiful, comfortable, personalized for different purposes, and more and more people started to pay attention the unique design of the clothing. unique expression of the clothing design has something in common, in common, there are three factors most typical one of the means of the use of the plastic arts; is to follow the basic rules of the plastic arts; the pursuit of art content and beauty of form harmony and unity. The face of increasingly fierce competition in society, from clothing unique starting to play to their strengths, so that the costume design perfected. Key words: aesthetic sense; costume design; uniqueness; expression Introduction With the rich substance of social development, improved quality of life, the pursuit of unique clothing is also more than plus strong, the face of the popularity and unity to the mass production of clothing has become a problem to be solved in order to fashion designers. An important design point, then become a unique expression of the costume design costume design costume design unique refers to the characteristics of the presentation of the representative from the clothing on the whole, it is unique content and form unity. China fashion design unique expression as a complete system of disciplines to study the ancient times to now there, but the uniqueness of expression in fashion design is not perfect, therefore, the uniqueness of this study fashion design to express Modern fashion design is of great significance. 1. The unique overview of clothing In short, The unique nature of the clothing is the clothing unique. In a broad sense refers to the presentation of the representative characteristics from the whole of the clothing works, it is one of the unique form and the objectivity of the unity of the unity of content, costume designer on the subjective aspect of creative and clothing subject matter difficult to find words to express, but it is not difficult to make us feel unique style. The unique nature of the clothing, but also refers to the values, artistic characteristics and inherent character of a nation, an era, a genre or a person's clothing in the content and format of the show out. The unique nature of the appearance of the mind, the pursuit of the realm of fashion design in the final analysis is unique in design and positioning, the unique expression of the costume design also reflects the designer's unique creative thinking and the pursuit of art also reflects the distinctive character.

电子信息工程专业毕业论文外文翻译中英文对照翻译

本科毕业设计（论文）中英文对照翻译 院（系部）电气工程与自动化 专业名称电子信息工程 年级班级 04级7班 学生姓名 指导老师

Infrared Remote Control System Abstract Red outside data correspondence the technique be currently within the scope of world drive extensive usage of a kind of wireless conjunction technique,drive numerous hardware and software platform support. Red outside the transceiver product have cost low, small scaled turn, the baud rate be quick, point to point SSL, be free from electromagnetism thousand Raos etc.characteristics, can realization information at dissimilarity of the product fast, convenience, safely exchange and transmission, at short distance wireless deliver aspect to own very obvious of advantage.Along with red outside the data deliver a technique more and more mature, the cost descend, red outside the transceiver necessarily will get at the short distance communication realm more extensive of application. The purpose that design this system is transmit cu stomer’s operation information with infrared rays for transmit media, then demodulate original signal with receive circuit. It use coding chip to modulate signal and use decoding chip to demodulate signal. The coding chip is PT2262 and decoding chip is PT2272. Both chips are made in Taiwan. Main work principle is that we provide to input the information for the PT2262 with coding keyboard. The input information was coded by PT2262 and loading to high frequent load wave whose frequent is 38 kHz, then modulate infrared transmit dioxide and radiate space outside when it attian enough power. The receive circuit receive the signal and demodulate original information. The original signal was decoded by PT2272, so as to drive some circuit to accomplish

服装设计褶皱拼缝外文文献

Vol. 3 (3), April, 2009 ISSN 1994-9057 (Print) ISSN 2070-0083 (Online) Effect of Seams on Drape of Fabrics (Pp. 62-72) Sukumar Nachiappan- Lecturer, Textile Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Email: sugumaraan@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/95592255.html, Gnanavel. P. - Lecturer, KSR College of Technology, Tiruchengode–637 215, TamilNadu, India Ananthakrishnan, T.- Professor and Head, Department of Textile Technology, Government Sri Krishna Rajendra silver jubilee Technical Institute, Bangalore – 560 001, India Abstract Drape of the fabric is its ability to hang freely in graceful folds when some area of it is supported over a surface and the rest is unsupported. Drape is a unique property that allows a fabric to be bent in more than in one direction, When two-dimensional fabric are converted to three-dimensional garment form. In the present study, the effects of sewing of different seam were selected on different fabric and their behaviors were studied. In this study drape of ten fabrics are analyzed with three types of seams and three stitch densities. Sample without seam is a control sample and drape of seamed samples are compared with control sample to analyse the drape behavior of seamed fabrics. This paper presents a fundamental drape analysis of seamed fabrics using drape meter. Drape behavior is determined in terms of drape coefficient. The effect of seams on the drape coefficient and Drape profile has been made. Drape coefficients significantly differs between the fabrics and also between the seam stitch density combinations. Investigating drape on seamed fabrics can improve fabric end use application.

服装设计参考文献

参考文献 [1]李平.面料再造的艺术表现力[J].服装设计师,2009，10 [2]艺术与设计[J].2011.05 [3]马慧颖,肖圣颖.浅谈环保主义影响下的服装设计[J].才智，2009，06 [4]李苏君,彭景荣.三宅一生与解构主义服装[J]. 美与时代2010, 01 [5]余建春.服装市场调查与预测[M]. 北京：中国纺织出版社,2002 [6]服装设计师.月刊.[J] .服装设计师杂志社，2008.01 [7]肖文陵，李迎军．服装设计[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006 [8]许星．服饰配件艺术[M]. 北京：中国纺织出版社,2005 [9]罗森.魅力先生[J].青年与社会,2006，04 [10]李霞云.服装造型设计[M].上海：上海纺织工业专科学校，2008 [11]刘瑞璞．服装纸样设计原理与技术(男装编)[M].中国纺织出版社,2003 [12]尹定邦.设计学概论[M].衡阳:湖南科学科技出版社,2001.10 [13]原研哉. 设计中的设计[M]，济南：山东人民出版社，2006 [14]吴静芳. 服装配饰学[M].上海:东华大学出版社,2004.1 [15]刘元凤. 服装设计学[M]，北京：高等教育出版社，2005 [16]肖文陵.李迎军．北京：服装设计[M]. 北京：清华大学出版社.2006 [17]谢锋.时尚之旅（第二版）[M]. 北京：中国纺织出版社,2007 [18]李采姣.时尚服装设计[M]. 北京：中国纺织出版社,2007 [19](美)多丽丝·普瑟.穿出影响力[M]. 北京：中国纺织出版社,2006 [20]袁利.打破思维的界限[M]. 北京：中国纺织出版社,2005

电气专业毕业论文外文翻译分析解析

本科毕业设计 外文文献及译文 文献、资料题目：Designing Stable Control Loops 文献、资料来源：期刊 文献、资料发表（出版）日期：2010.3.25 院（部）：信息与电气工程学院 专班姓学业：电气工程与自动化级： 名： 号： 指导教师：翻译日期：2011.3.10

外文文献： Designing Stable Control Loops The objective of this topic is to provide the designer with a practical review of loop compensation techniques applied to switching power supply feedback control. A top-down system approach is taken starting with basic feedback control concepts and leading to step-by-step design procedures,initially applied to a simple buck regulator and then expanded to other topologies and control algorithms. Sample designs are demonstrated with Math cad simulations to illustrate gain and phase margins and their impact on performance analysis. I. I NTRODUCTION Insuring stability of a proposed power supply solution is often one of the more challenging aspects of the design process. Nothing is more disconcerting than to have your lovingly crafted breadboard break into wild oscillations just as its being demonstrated to the boss or customer, but insuring against this unfortunate event takes some analysis which many designers view as formidable. Paths taken by design engineers often emphasize either cut-and-try empirical testing in the laboratory or computer simulations looking for numerical solutions based on complex mathematical models.While both of these approach a basic understanding of feedback theory will usually allow the definition of an acceptable compensation network with a minimum of computational effort. II. S TABILITY D EFINED Fig. 1.Definition of stability Fig. 1 gives a quick illustration of at least one definition of stability. In its simplest terms, a system is stable if, when subjected to a perturbation from some source, its response to that

服装英语论文

服装英语论文 文章一 Change Of Chinese Clothing Tradition An outstanding characteristic of traditional Chinese clothing is not only an external expression of elegance, but also an internal symbolism. Each and every piece oftraditionalclothing communicates a vitality of its own. This combination of external form with internal symbolism is clearly exemplified in the pair of fighting pheasant feathers used in head wear originating in the battle wear of the Warring States period (475-221 B.C.). Two feathers of a ho bird (a type pheasant good at fighting) were inserted into the head wear of warriors of this period to symbolize a bold and warlike spirit. Archaeological findings of 18,000 year-old artifacts such as bone sewing needles and stone beads and shells with holes bored in them attest to the existence of ornamentation and of sewing extremely early in Chinese civilization. Variety and consistency in clothing were roughly established by the era of the Yellow Emperor and the Emperors Yao and Shun (about 4,500 years ago). Remains of woven silk and hemp articles and ancient ceramic figures further demonstrate the sophistication and refinement of clothing in the Shang Dynasty (16th to 11th century B.C.). The three main types of traditional Chinese clothing are the pien-fu, the ch'ang-p'ao, and the shen-i. The pien-fu is an ancient two-piece ceremonial costume of a tunic-like top extending to the knees and a skirt or trousers extending to the ankles. The ch'ang-p'ao is a one-piece garment extending from the shoulders all the way to the heels. The shen-i is a cross between the pien-fu and the ch'ang-p'ao; it consists of a tunic and a skirt or trousers like the pien-fu, but the tunic and the skirt are sewed together and essentially one piece like the chang-pao. Consequently, the shen-i was the most widely worn of the three types. Typical of these three types of clothing were wide and voluminous sleeves and a very loose fit. Tunic and trousers or tunic and skirt, utilized a very minimum number of stitches for the amount of cloth used. So because of their relatively plain design and structure, embroidered edgings, decorated bands, draped cloth or silks, patterns on the shoulders, and sashes were often added as ornamentation. These varied designs came to be one of the unique features of traditional Chinese dress. Darker colors were favored over lighter ones in traditional Chinese clothing, so the main color of ceremonial clothing tended to be dark while bright, elaborate tapestry designs accented. Lighter colored clothing was worn more frequently by the common people for everyday and around the house use. The Chinese associate certain colors with specific seasons: green represents spring, red symbolizes summer, white represents autumn, and