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人教版八年级英语下册Unit1Unit3单元知识点归纳

Unit 1 What’s the matter?知识点总结

I. 基本知识点

1. What’s the matter (with you)?怎么了？出什么事了？

What’s the trouble/ the problem / wrong with sb./ sth.?

2. I had a cold.我感冒了。

have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu have a fever

have a cough咳嗽have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼

have a toothache牙疼 have a headache头疼

3. 身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词

stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache

back+ache=backache后背痛

4. much too+ ，意为，too much+ ，意为。

5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。

good enough足够好，enough money=money money

6.lie down躺下， lie 躺，躺着，过去式lay，过去分词

lie说谎，过去式lied，过去分词

lay ，过去式，过去分词

7. maybe “或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe you are right.

may be，是情态动词+be的结构，意为“可能，也许”，后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry.

8.sound like+名词、代词和从句：It sounds like you don’t know the truth.

sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，The music sounds nice.

9. need 需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物；

need to do sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：

You need to listen carefully during class.

need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing.

10. get off (the bus) 下（公交车） get on 上车

11. agree 同意，赞同；同意做某事，同意某人的看法、观点。

12.trouble问题，麻烦；be in trouble ，make trouble ，

have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) doing sth.

have trouble/difficulty/problems with sth.

13. right away=right now=at once，意为。

14.【复习】 advice [不可数名词]劝告，建议，向…征求意见， give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议； advise [动词] advise sb. to do sth. advise doing

15. 【复习】exercise 动词意为，可数时意为，不可数时意为。

16. hurt 及物动词，使……疼痛，……受伤，He hurt his leg while exercising.

不及物动词，……（部位）疼。 His leg hurt badly.

17.clean 【动词】，clean the classroom ，【形容词】，cleaner意为。

18. hit （用手或器具）打；击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone.

hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位；

hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位。

19. be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了……、做某事，强调状态；His grandpa was used to country life.

Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.

get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “变得习惯，逐渐适应……”强调过程、动作：It’s difficult for one to get used t o another country’s habit.

20. 【复习】free [形容词]空闲的free time；免费的the drink is for free；自由的I want to become a free bird.

be free to do

free【动词】使……解脱，得到自由He could not free his arm.

free from

21. run out用完，用尽 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.

物sth. tun out. 某物用尽了。人sb. run out of物sth..人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night.

22.risk sth to do sth. 冒着...的风险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险

risk doing ...=take the risk of doing ...

23. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性 We students should know the importance of (learning) English.

importance n. 重要（性）， important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.

24.decision 【名词】决定；抉择； make a decision to do sth.

decide

25. be in the control of …掌管，管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school.

be out of control无法控制，无法管理 be under control被控制住，在控制之中

26. 【复习】mind意为介意，Would you mind my opening the window?

27. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games；give up后可接名词、代词和动词ing形式，也可不接，如 Never give up easily.

II. 重点短语

1. have a fever 发烧

2. have a cough 咳嗽

3. have a toothache 牙疼

4. talk too much 说得太多

5. drink enough water 喝足够的水

6. have a cold 受凉;感冒

7. have a stomachache 胃疼

8. have a sore back 背疼9. have a sore throat 喉咙痛

10. lie down and rest 躺下来休息11. hot tea w ith honey 加蜂蜜的热茶

12. see a dentist 看牙医13. get an X-ray 拍X 光片

14. take one’ s temperature量体温15. put some medicine on sth. 在……上面敷药

16. feel very hot 感到很热17. sound like 听起来像18. all weekend 整个周末

19. in the same way 以同样的方式20. go to a doctor 看医生21. go along 沿着……走22. on the side of the road 在马路边23. shout for help 大声呼救

24. without thinking twice 没有多想25. get off 下车26. have a heart problem 有心脏病27. to one’ s su rprise 使....... 惊讶的28. thanks to 多亏了；由于29. in time 及时

30. save a/one’s life 挽救生命lose one's life 31. get into trouble 造成麻烦

32. right away 立刻；马上33. because of 由于34. get out of 离开;从……出萍

35. hurt oneself 受伤36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎

37. fa ll down 摔倒38. feel sick 感到恶心39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血

40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰

42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难43. mountain climbing 登山运动

44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事45. run out (of) 用完;用尽

46. so that 以便47. so. . . that 如此… …以至于…

48. be in control of 掌管;管理49. in a difficult situation 在闲境屮

50. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事51. make a decision 做出决定

52. take risks 冒险53. give up 放弃

III. 重点语法

【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。

【用法】

1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。

如：Maria bought herself a scarf.

We must look after ourselves very well.

2. 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。

如：She isn’t quite herself today.

3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。

如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow.

I met the writer himself last week.

4. 用在某些固定短语当中。

如： look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己

teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快

help oneself to sth 请自用……（随便吃/喝些……）. hurt oneself摔伤自己

say to oneself自言自语leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下

buy oneself sth.给自己买……东西introduce oneself 介绍……自己

【提醒】1. 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。如：我自己能完成作业。

（误）Myself can finish my homework.

(正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.

2. 反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用one’s own.

如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。（误）I’m drawing with myself crayons.

(正) I’m drawing with my own crayons.

Unit2 单元总结

Ⅰ.词形

give--g a ve--give n come--c a me--c o me put--p u t--p u t make--m a de--m a de set--s e t--s e t break--broke--broken take--t oo k--take n understand--underst oo d--underst oo d strong--strong ly feel--feel ing own--own er able--dis able d--un able

difficult--difficult y differen t--differen ce kind--kindness train--train ing--trainer

Ⅱ.词组

1. clean up 清扫，打扫

2. cheer up（使）振作起来，高兴起来

3. put up张贴

4. call sb. up (= make a telephone call to sb.)给某人打电话

5. give out = hand out分发，发放

6. give away捐赠；赠送

7. give up 放弃

8. tell sb. about/of sth告诉某人关于某事

9. in an after-school study program在课外辅导活动中10. make a plan = plan 制定计划11. from now (on)从现在起12. make some notices发通知，发布通告

13. come up with… 提出，想出14. in an old people’s home在敬老院

15. help out with …帮忙解决某事16. read the newspaper to the old people给老年人读报17. tell me the stories about the past给我讲关于过去的故事

18. used to do sth.过去常常做某事；曾经19. care for = take care of = look after 照顾，关爱20. one day（过去或将来的）某一天21. some day（将来）总有一天

22. get his future dream job得到他理想中的工作23. hard work艰苦的工作

24. work hard努力工作25. such a strong feeling of satisfaction如此强烈的满足感

26. get better康复27. the look of joy on their owner’s faces主人脸上快乐的表情

28. at the age of 在…岁时29. try out for…参加…选拔30. a dream come true梦想成真31. at the same time 同时32. put off推迟，延期33. be busy with sth.忙于某事

34. be busy doing sth.忙于做某事35. worry about = be worried about担心…

36. make money = earn money赚钱37. raise money for…为…捐钱

38. in the free time在闲暇之余39. run out of 用完

40. take after = be similar to = look/be like 像…41. fix up修理，修缮

42. not … any more = no more不再43. write to sb. 给某人写信

44. feel/be lonely感到孤独45. a lonely village 一个偏僻的小乡村

46. travel alone (= by oneself = on one’s own) 独自旅行47. set up建立，创立

48. make it adj. for sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事…49. disabled people残疾人

50. make a big difference to …对…有很大影响51. make no difference to 对…没有影响

52. answer the telephone 接电话

53. a friend of mine = one of my friends我的一个朋友（双重所有格）

54. be excite d about…对…感到兴奋55. at once = right away= 立刻，马上56. send sb. sth = send sth. to sb. 寄（送）给某人某物57. best wishes 衷心的祝福

58. be strong in = do well in = be good at擅长做某事

59. work out fine产生好的结果；成功

60. in need 有需要地61. decide to do 决定做某事62. volunteer to do 义务做某事

重要语言点

1. not only … but (also) …不但…而且…用来连接两个并列的成分

(1)引导以not only …but (also)…开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。

因此⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)….是倒装句。也是说得要把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如：

①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best.我不仅能做到而且做得最好。

⑵No t only…but (also)…接两主语时，谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化也就是就近原则如：

①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。

②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。

常见的就近原则的结构有：

①Neither… nor…即不…也不… (两者都不)Neither you nor I like him.

②Either… or…不是…就是… (两者中的一个)Either Lily or you are a student.

③Not only …but (also)…

④There/Here be

⑤... or...

2. join 参加 (指参加团体、组织) 如：join the Party 入党

take part in 参加 (指参加活动) 如：take part in sports meeting 参加运动会

3. run out 与 run out of

①run out (become used up). 其主语往往为物。如时间，食物，金钱，油等，本

身就含有被动意义。

His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花光了。

My patience has completely run out. 我没有一点耐心了。

Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。

②run out of 主语为人，表示主动含义。

He is always running out of money before pay day. 他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。

两者在一定条件下可以互换

如：The petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了

= We are running out of petrol. 我们快把汽油用完了。

Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。= We are running out of time.

Ⅲ. 语法

ⅰ.动词不定式：

① To do sth is ... /It be adj.for/of sb. to do sth. (真正的主语)

② v.+ to do (作宾语)/make/think/find it adj. to do （真正的宾语）

③ v.+ sb.+ to do(作宾补)

④…to do（作状语，表目的、结果、原因等）

⑤作定语，放在所修饰的词的后面

⑥ what/how to do.(复合不定式)

ⅱ.动词短语：

①v.+ adv.(后跟名词、代词、动名词。代词宾格放中间)

②v.+ prep.

③v.+ adv. + prep.

④v.+ n. + prep.

IV. 提供帮助的交际用语

1. What are you going to do when you see the hungry people?当看到饥饿的人，你将做什么？

2.What kind of volunteer work do you think you could do?你认为你能做哪种义务工作？

3. What would you like to do to help the homeless people?你想做什么帮助无家可归的人？

4. If you see these things or problems, what will you do?如果看到这些事情或问题，你将会做什么？

5. I’m going to set up a food bank/a charity to help the h ungry people.我打算建立一个食品救济站/一个慈善机构来帮助饥饿的人。

6. I will work outside.我将出去工作。

7. You could help clean up the city parks.你可以帮助打扫城市公园。

8. You could help kids with their schoolwork.你可以帮助孩子们学习功课。

9. You could start a Chinese History Club.你可以开办一个中国历史俱乐部。

Ⅳ.话题

本单元围绕“volunteering and charity”，向别人提供帮助。

写作中可用的重点句式：

①I’d like to volunteer to …（想从事的志愿工作)

②I’m strong in/I’m good at …（自己的兴趣和爱好）

③In my free time, I like to …., so I think I can do this job well. （自己的优点怎么有助于

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