华东理工大学考研翻译硕士英语真题2015模拟题

华东理工大学

2015年翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试初试模拟试题

考试科目：211 翻译硕士英语

Part I. Vocabulary and Grammar (30’)

Directions: There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET

1. The teacher told the students to stay in the classroom and they did _____.

A. absolutely

B. accidentally

C. accordingly

D. accurately

2. You can actually see the deer at close range while driving through that area. The italicized phrase means _____.

A. clearly

B. very near

C. quickly

D. very hard

3. He listened hard but still couldn't _______what they were talking about.

A. make over

B. make up

C. make upon

D. make out

4. For the advertised position, the company offers a(n) _____ salary and benefits package.

A. generous

B. plentiful

C. abundant

D. sufficient

5. As there was no road, the travelers ____ up a rocky slope on their way back.

A. ran

B. hurried

C. scrambled

D. crawled

6. It seems that some entertainment stars don’t attach much importance to their public _____.

A. shape

B. image

C. status

D. figure

7. The conference ____ the possibility of closer trade links between the two countries.

A. explored

B. implemented

C. established

D. constituted

8. The gloves were really too small, and it was only by _____ them that I managed to

get them on.

A. spreading

B. squeezing

C. stretching

D. bending

9. The runner went fastest in the middle ____of the course.

A. fragment

B. selection

C. board

D. segment

10. The contract will be signed _____ the ceremony.

A. prior to

B. by priority of

C. previous of

D. precious to

11. Much I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her for thoroughness, whatever the job.

A. when

B. more

C. farther

D. as

12. To support the general statement in the first sentence, each sentence in the paragraph provides a different example.

A. relevant

B. subsequent

C. coherent

D. antecedent

13. A hefty 50% of those from ages 18 to 34 told the pollsters in the TIME/CNN

survey that they “feminist” values.

A. share

B. regard

C. attach

D. dominate

14. I was not alone in my knowledge; the woman had also seen my father's eyes gleaming with pride.

A. contracted

B. contested

C. contented

D. contrasted

15. the writer's craft through a consideration of rhetorical patterns is a useful

way to study writing.

A. Exploring

B. Exploiting

C. Employing

D. Embodying

16. The first two assumptions made about the of TV were dead wrong: that it

would bury radio and it would be a threat to movies.

A. recession

B. advent

C. diversity

D. bias

17. An education should enable a student to get a better job than he would be

able to find or fill.

A. consequently

B. nevertheless

C. otherwise

D. anyhow

18. In addition to being physically sick, my dad was in the midst of a nervous

though none of us knew to call it that at the time.

A. breakup

B. breakdown

C. breakthrough

D. breakout

19. Although they are very succinct-that is why they caught on-cloches are wasted words because they are expressions rather than fresh ones.

A. stale

B. stainless

C. stable

D. spotted

20. Though Americans do not currently abortions directly, costs are carried by other Americans through higher insurance premiums.

A. implement

B. terminate

C. prohibit

D. subsidize

21. There are probably very few cases in which different races have lived in complete in a single country for long periods.

A. success

B. revenge

C. harmony

D. conscience

22. In the last century and a half, scientific development has been breathtaking, but

the understanding of this progress has not changed.

A. incidentally

B. dramatically

C. rigorously

D. temporarily

23. It is always useful to have savings to .

A. come but in

B. bye up to

C. make a fuss of

D. fall back on

24. We seek a society that has a respect for the dignity and worth of the individual.

A. at its end

B. at its hand

C. at its core

D. at its best

25. Modern man is careless when disposing his garbage.

A. of

B. to

C. at

D. about

26. Negro slavery, many claimed, was good for all .

A. concerned

B. is concerned

C. to concern

D. that concerns

27. To cry over spilled milk is to cry .

A. in a vain

B. in the vain

C. in vain

D. in no vain

28. “Do you want to see my driver's license or my passport?

“Oh, ”

A. either does well

B. either one will do

C. each one is good

D. each will be fine

29. The novel, which is a work of art, exists not by its life, but by its immeasurable difference from life.

A. significance in

B. imagination at

C. resemblance to

D. predominance over

30. A 50-ft. wave travels at speeds 20 m.p.h., and anyone who's too slow at the approach risks being smashed.

A. in excess of

B. in the reach of

C. in exchange for

D. in relation to

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(15*2’+5*2’=40’)

Directions: In this section there are four passages followed by a total of 15 multiple-choice questions and 5 short answer questions. Please read the passage and answer the question on the ANSWER SHEET.

TEXT A

I was introduced to the concept of literacy animator in Oladumi Arigbede's (1994) article on high illiteracy rates among women and school dropout rates among girls. According to Arigbede, literacy animators view their role as assisting in the self-liberating development of people in the world who are struggling for a more meaningful life. Animators are a family of deeply concerned and committed people whose gut-level rejection of mass human pauperization compels them to intervene on the side of the marginalized. Their motivation is not derived from a love of literacy as merely another technical life skill, and they accept that literacy is never culturally or ideologically neutral.

Arigbede writes from her experiences as an animator working with women and men in Nigeria. She believes that literacy animators have to make a clear choice about whose culture and whose ideology will be fostered among those with whom they work. Do literacy educators in the United States consider whether the instruction they pursue conflicts with their students' traditional cultures or community, or fosters illiteracies in learners' first or home languages or dialects and in their orality?

Some approaches to literacy instruction represent an ideology of individualism, control, and competition. Consider, for example, the difference in values conveyed and represented when students engage in choral reading versus the practice of having one student read out loud to the group. To identify as a literacy animator is to choose the ideology of “sharing, solidarity, love, equity, co-operation with and respect of both nature and other human beings”. Literacy pedagogy that matches the animator ideology works on maintaining the languages and cultures of millions of minority

children who at present are being forced to accept the language and culture of the dominant group. It might lead to assessment that examines the performance outcomes of a community of literacy learners and the social significance of their uses of literacy, as opposed to measuring what an individual can do as a reader and writer on a standardized test. Shor (1993) describes literacy animators as problem-posing, community-based, dialogic educators. Do our teacher-education textbooks on reading and language arts promote the idea that teachers should explore problems from a community-based dialogic perspective?

1. A literacy animator is one who .

A. struggles for a more meaningful life

B. frees people from poverty and illiteracy

C. is committed to marginalize the illiterate

D. is concerned with what is behind illiteracy

2. The author suggests that literacy educators in the US in a way .

A. promote students' home languages

B. force students to accept their culture

C. teach nothing but reading and writing

D. consider literacy as of non-neutral nature

3. Arigbede worked with Nigerians probably to .

A. teach American customs and ideology

B. make a choice of culture to be fostered

C. reject the values of the dominant class

D. help maintain Nigerian language and culture

4. According to the author, “choral reading” may represent .

A. individualism

B. collectivism

C. competition

D. immersion

5. Animator ideology gives much emphasis on .

A. the social function of literacy

B. students' performance in tests

C. the dominant group's language

D. the attainment of life skills

TEXT B

Scientists have known for more than two decades that cancer is a disease of the genes. Something scrambles the DNA inside a nucleus, and suddenly, instead of

dividing in a measured fashion, a cell begins to copy itself furiously. Unlike an ordinary cell, it never stops. But describing the process isn't the same as figuring it out. Cancer cells are so radically different from normal ones that it's almost impossible to untangle the sequence of events that made them that way. So for years researchers have been attacking the problem by taking normal cells and trying to determine what changes will turn them cancerous-always without success.

According to a report in the current issue of Nature, a team of scientists based at M.I.T.'s Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research has finally managed to make human cells malignant-a feat they accomplished with two different cell types by inserting just three altered genes into their DNA. While these manipulations were done only in lab dishes and won't lead to any immediate treatment, they appear to be a crucial step in understanding the disease. This is a “landmark paper”, wrote Jonathan Weitzman and Moshe Yaniv of the Pasteur Institute in Paris, in an accompanying commentary.

The dramatic new result traces back to a breakthrough in 1983, when the Whitehead's Robert Weinberg and colleagues showed that mouse cells would become cancerous when subjected to two altered genes. But when they tried such alterations on human cells, they didn't work. Since then, scientists have learned that mouse cells differ from human cells in an important respect: they have higher levels of an enzyme called telomerase. That enzyme keeps caplike structures called telomeres on the ends of chromosomes from getting shorter with each round of cell division. Such shortening is part of a cell's aging process, and since cancer cells keep dividing forever, the Whitehead group reasoned that making human cells more mouselike might also make them cancerous.

The strategy worked. The scientists took connective-tissue and kidney ceils and introduce three altered genes-one that makes cells divide rapidly；another that disables two substances meant to rein in excessive division; and a third that promotes the production of telomerase, which made the cells essentially immortal. They'd created a tumor in a test tube. “Some people believed that telomerase wasn't that important,” says the Whitehead's William Hahn, the study's lead author. “This allows us to say with some certainty that it is.”

6. The problem that has been annoying cancer researchers for years is the difficulty in telling .

A. how cancer cells are formed

B. why cancer cells never stop dividing

C. why normal cells can turn into cancer cells

D. how different normal cells are from cancer cells

7. Whitehead's scientists have succeeded in .

A. developing malignant cells in human bodies

B. making normal human cells cancerous

C. controlling the change of human cells

D. changing the genes of cancer cells

8. In the 1983 experiment, human cells didn't work the way mouse cells did because the former .

A. were easier to become aged

B. checked telomerase in dividing

C. had short ends of chromosomes

D. lacked telomeres for cell division

9. To make human cells more mouselike scientists tried .

A. to subject them to two more genes

B. to keep the division from slowing down

C. to promote the production of telomerase

D. to prevent excessive cells copying

10. One key factor in creating tumor with human cells is .

A. lengthening the ends of chromosomes

B. altering the structure of telomeres

C. increasing the levels of telomerase

D. modulating the cell dividing process

TEXT C

What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science? We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first of these is the application of the machines, products and systems of applied knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. Through technology, science improves the structure of society and helps man to gain increasing control over his environment.

The second aspect is the application by all members of society of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.

What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.

He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and applies logical thought to the observations he makes. He utilizes the facts he observes to the fullest extent. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.

He is skeptical - he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available - and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively to verify them.

Furthermore, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.

Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place.

These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.

11. Many people believe that science helps society to progress through

A. applied knowledge.

B. more than one aspect.

C. technology only.

D. the use of machines.

12. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about curiosity?

A. It gives the scientist confidence and pleasure in work.

B. It gives rise to interest in problems that are unexplained.

C. It leads to efforts to investigate potential connections.

D. It encourages the scientist to look for new ways of acting.

13. According to the passage, a successful scientist would not

A. easily believe in unchecked statements.

B. easily criticize others' research work.

C. always use his imagination in work.

D. always use evidence from observation.

14. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Application of technology.

B. Progress in modem society.

C. Scientists' ways of thinking and acting.

D. How to become a successful scientist.

15. What is the author's attitude towards the topic?

A. Critical.

B. Objective.

C. Biased.

D. Unclear.

TEXT D

Cultural rules determine every aspect of food consumption. Who eats together defines social units. For example, in some societies, the nuclear family is the unit that regularly eats together. The anthropologist Mary Douglas has pointed out that, for the English, the kind of meal and the kind of food that is served relate to the kinds of social links between people who are eating together. She distinguishes between regular meals, Sunday meals when relatives may come, and cocktail parties for acquaintances. The food served symbolizes the occasion and reflects who is present. For example, only snacks are served at a cocktail party. It would be inappropriate to serve a steak or hamburgers. The distinctions among cocktails, regular meals, and special dinners mark the social boundaries between those guests who are invited for drinks, those who are invited to dinner, and those who come to a family meal. In this example, the type of food symbolizes the category of guest and with whom it is eaten. In some New Guinea societies, the nuclear family is not the unit that eats together. The men take their meals in a men's house, separately from their wives and children. Women prepare and eat their food in their own houses and take the husband's portion to the men's house. The women eat with their children in their own houses. This pattern is also widespread among Near Eastern societies.

Eating is a metaphor that is sometimes used to signify marriage. In many New Guinea societies, like that of the Lesu on the island of New Ireland in the Pacific and that of the Trobriand Islanders, marriage is symbolized by the couple's eating together for the first time. Eating symbolizes their new status as a married couple. In U.S. society, it is just the reverse. A couple may go out to dinner on a first date.

Other cultural rules have to do with taboos against eating certain things. In some societies, members of a clan, a type of kin (family) group, are not allowed to eat the animal or bird that is their totemic ancestor. Since they believe themselves to be descended from that ancestor, it would be like eating that ancestor or eating themselves.

There is also an association between food prohibitions and rank, which is found in its most extreme form in the caste system of India. A caste system consists of ranked groups, each with a different economic specialization. In India, there is an association between caste and the idea of pollution. Members of highly ranked groups can be polluted by coming into contact with the bodily secretions, particularly saliva, of individuals of lower-ranked castes. Because of the fear of pollution, Brahmans and other high-ranked individuals will not share food with, no

16. According to the passage, who would make clear distinctions between family members and guest?

17. According to the passage, how do the people in Near Easter countries eat?

18. In many New Guinea societies, how was marriage symbolized?

19. In India, what decides how people eat?

20. What is a caste system?

Part III. Writing （30’）

There is no denying that the average living standard of our country has greatly increased since the economic reform started 30 years ago. However, neither is it deniable that there has been a growing contrast in income between the rich and the poor. What do you think of this contrast in our country? State your opinion with appropriate supporting details.

In the first part of your writing you should state your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

参考答案：

partⅠ Multiple choice(30’)

1-5 CBDAC 6-10 BACDA 11-15. DBCAB

16-20 B C BA D 21-25. C BDCA 26-30 A C B C A

Part ⅡReading Comprehension(40’)

1-5 DB D B A 6-10 ABAC C 11-15 BAACB

16 The English

17. The men take their meals in a men's house, women prepare and eat their food in their own houses and take the husband's portion to the men's house.

18. the couple's eating together for the first time

19. social status

20. A caste system consists of ranked groups, each with a different economic specialization.

Part III. Writing （30’）(略)

2017考研英语翻译真题精析(20)

凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！ 第 1 页 共 1 页 2017考研英语翻译真题精析（20） 要攻克考研英语翻译就必须要练习对句子的拆分解读能力，加强对词汇多义的把握，踩准得分点，最好的方法就是大家多练习对单句的细分解读，日积月累，翻译能力必定提升。凯程考研频道以真题为例，和大家分享句子的细分解读，从词汇到句式，希望大家多练练。 And home appliances will alsobecome so smart 0.5分//that controlling and operating them will result in 0.5分//the breakout of a new psychological disorder0.5分—//kitchen rage0.5分. (25 words) 词汇要点： 1) home appliances //家用电器 2) result in //导致，出现 3) breakout //n.爆发，出现，发作，发生 4) disorder//n.混乱，杂乱，紊乱;失调，疾病 结构要点： 1) …so …that …结果状语从句; 2) 破折号后面的kitchen rage 是在解释a new psychological disorder 。 汉译逻辑要点： 1) smart 翻译为“聪明”不太符合汉语习惯，因为上文主语是home appliances(家用电器)，家用电器“智能化”或者“精巧、小巧”都可以。 2) psychological disorder 翻译为“心理疾病，心理失调，心理紊乱”都可以，但是前面还有new 修饰，翻译为“新的心理疾病”才适合。 3) result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder ，意思是“导致一种新的心理疾病的爆发”。“导致…爆发”就是“引发了这种疾病”。 4) kitchen rage 是对前面的a new psychological disorder 这种“新的心理疾病”的解释，rage 本来是“愤怒”，既然是心理疾病，那就是“狂躁症”。road rage 叫“路怒症”是指开车的人不规矩，一上路就狂躁。kitchen rage 是指人一进厨房就狂躁。 完整译文： 家用电器将会变得如此智能化，以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾病——厨房狂燥症。

2014年6月六级翻译真题答案及解析

卷一： 真题：中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。例如，土豪和大妈都是老词，但已获取了新的意义。 土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的人，也就是说，土豪有钱，但是没有品位。大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但是现在特指不久前金价大跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。 土豪和大妈可能会被收入新版的牛津(OXford)英语词典，至今约有120中文加进了牛津英语词典，成了英语语言的一部分。 参考答案： The Chinese heated words usually reflect social changes and culture, some o f which are increasingly popular with foreign media. Tuhao and dama, forexa mple, are both old words, but they get differentmeanings now. The word tuhao used to mean rural landlords who oppress their tenants and servants, while now it refers to people spending money withoutlimits or those showing off all around. That is to say, tuhao owns money rather than taste. T heword dama is used to describe middle-aged women. However, it is regarde d as a special wordto call those Chinese women who rushed to purchase gol d when th e gold price decreasedsharply not long ago. Tuhao and dama may be included in the new Oxford dictionary. Up to now, ab out 120 Chinesewords have been added to it, becoming a part of English lang uage. 卷二： 最近中国科学院(Chinese Academy of Science )出版了关于其最新科学发现与未来一 年展望的年度系列报告。系列报告包括三部分：科学发展报告，高技术发展报告，中国可持续战略报告。第一份报告包含中国科学家的最新发现，诸如新粒子研究与H7N9病毒研究的突破。该报告还突出强调了未来几年需要关注的问题。第二份报告公布了一些应用科学研究的热门领域，如3D打印和人造器官研究。第三份报告呼吁加强顶层设计，以消除工业升级中的结构性障碍，并促进节能减排。 Chinese Academy of Science recently published an annual report about its latest scientific findings and the prospect of the next year. The report consists of three parts: science development, more advanced technology development and the sustainable strategy of China. The first one includes the latest findings of Chinese scientists, such as the research of new particle and the breakthrough in the study of H7N9 virus. Furthermore, it highlights some problems we need to focus in next few years. The second one announces some heated fields in applied science. For example, the 3-dimension print and the study of human organs. The third one suggests people enhance the top design in order to get rid of the structural obstacles in industrial upgrading and to promote the energy-saving and emission-reduction. 卷三： 北京计划未来三年投资7600亿元治理污染，从减少pm2.5排放入手。这一新公布的计划

2015考研英语翻译真题解析

Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent. 47) The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. 48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American. 49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay. “To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brou ght almost inexpressible relief.” said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores. 思路： 1.大致介绍文章主要内容 2. 逐段介绍每段的主要内容→分析句子结构→指出翻译时需要注意的点→试译→整理译文→总结翻译技巧和需掌握的单词

2015考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译

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