中级口译

2-3宴会招待（英译中）banquet service

【原文】

A：各位，晚上好，今天我们在此举办晚宴，招待各位亲爱的朋友和敬业的专家，庆贺我们的会谈取得圆满成功，我感到非常高兴。我特别感谢凯兰女士大驾光临。没有凯兰女士的最后努力，还不知道现在会怎样呢，恐怕我们还在谈判之中。

B：Thank you, President Li. You all did very well. I just contributed my share. We all maneuver successfully to get our job done, so to speak. Well, ladies and gentlemen, are we carrying out another round of talk over the dinner?

A：今天不谈生意，我建议今晚我们只叙友情，当然，我们要尽情享受大自然赐予我们的食物。

B：That’s great, the delicious Chinese food! I can’t wait to enjoy your food. What are we expecting tonight?

A：今晚我们准备了典型的上海餐，希望各位喜欢。

B：Yes, eat in Shanghai as Shanghai people eat. But, to be frank, I’ve heard of the famous Cantonese food, Sichuan food, Shandong food, but not that much of Shanghai food. What’s special about Shanghai cuisine?

A：上海菜系是中国最年轻的地方菜系，通常被称为“本帮菜”，有着400多年的历史。同中国其它菜系一样，“本帮菜”具有“色、香、味”三大要素，特点是注重调料的使用、食物的质地和菜的原汁原味。

B：It sounds very appetizing.

A：我推荐一道特色点心“南翔小笼”和一道特色菜“松鼠桂鱼”。“南翔小笼”是猪肉馅，个小味美，皮薄汁醇。松鼠桂鱼色泽黄亮，形如松鼠，外皮脆而肉柔嫩，汤汁酸甜适口。绝对没错，你一定喜欢。

B：Oh，I suppose they are the perfect combination of the three elements “color、aroma、taste”. Especially the Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish. I can’t figure out how the chef makes the dish look like a squirrel. Shall we

add ”appearance” to your judgment criteria?

A：完全正确，可以再加上形，那我们就有了第四大要素。菜上来了，别客气，请随意。

B：The dinner is so delicious. The dishes are complete with color, aroma, taste and appearance. Thank you very much for your invitation and hospitality. I hope I haven’t missed anything, have I?

A：很高兴您喜欢这里的菜。晚宴才开场，好戏还在后头呢。女士们，先生们，各位能够赏光来此共度一年中的这个美好时光，我感到非常荣幸。让我们共同举杯，敬祝凯兰女士健康。

B：And toast to the health of President Li and to the health of everybody here. Cheers!

A：为我们永久的友谊和合作，干杯！

【译文】

A：Ladies and gentlemen, good evening. It’s my great pleasure to host the banquet in honor of our dear friends and dedicated experts, and celebrate the successful conclusion of our talk. In particular, I’d like to thank Ms. Kelland for coming. Without her last-minute effort, we would still be in the middle of nowhere, probably in the middle of negotiations, I’m afraid.

B：谢谢李总，你们都做得很好，我只是尽了自己的责任。可以说我们每个人都成功的是我们的使命得以完成。

A：No more business talks today. I propose we limit our talk to friendship tonight. And of course, we’ll delight ourselves completely in the food that Mother Nature grants us.

B：太好了，可口的中国菜，我等不及了。今晚我们有什么好吃的？

A：Tonight we have prepared a typical Shanghai meal. I hope you will like it.

B：是的，在上海就该吃上海菜。不过，恕我直言，我只听说过名声显赫的粤菜、川菜和鲁菜，对上海菜不太了解

A：Shanghai cuisine, usually called Benbang cuisine, is the youngest among the major regional cuisine in China, with a history of more than 400 years. Like all other Chinese regional cuisines, Bnebang cuisine takes “color、aroma and taste” as

its essential quality elements. It’s featured by the expert use of seasonings, the selection of raw materials with quality texture, and original flavors.

B：听起来很能引起食欲

A：I’d like to recommend a special snack known as Nanxiang Steamed Meat Dumplings and a special dish called “Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish’. Nanxiang Steamed Meat Dumplings are small in size, with thin translucent wrappers, filled inside with ground pork and rich tasty soup. The Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish is yellow-colored and

squirrel-shaped with a crispy skin and tender meat, all covered with a sweet and sour sauce. They are absolutely tasters’choice. I bet you will like it .

B：哦，我想它们的确是色香味三要素的完美结合。尤其是松鼠桂鱼，我想不出来厨师是怎样把菜做得像个松鼠的。我们在三个评价标准上再添上“形”吧。

A：Absolutely right, plus appearance – that makes the four element. Ok, here we are. Please help yourself to the dishes.

B：味道太可口了，这些菜的色香味形都很好。谢谢你们的盛情宴请和款待。我希望没有漏掉什么好吃的吧？

A：I’m very glad that you like the dishes. But this is just the beginning of the dinner. We have more surprises to expect. Ladies and gentlemen, I consider it a great honor to have you all here for this wonderful time of the year. Let us drink to the health of Ms. Kelland.

B：也祝李总身体健康，祝在座的各位身体健康。干杯！

A：To our lasting friendship and cooperation, Cheers!

3-4文化差异cultural difference

【原文】

A：罗伯茨先生，您在中国生活两年了，还习惯吧？

B：I think I′m quite used to my Chinese life here . Actually I′m thinking about settling down in China for good .

A：前几天我看可一部美国电影，片名叫《美国丽人》。我没有完全看懂，我也不知道这部电影为何获得了当年的奥斯卡最佳影片奖。我完全看懂可能是中美两国的文化差异吧，或者叫做东西方文化差异。

B：This is a good topic and a broad topic , too . Let me talk a bit more about the film you mentioned . Actually , I have noticed a very interesting dafference many Chinese and Americans in understanding the title of the film.

A：是吗？

B：In some Oriental countries , the translation of the film′s title goes as something like A Beautiful Americian Lady , or even Beauty is Guily . While to most of the American , I am afaid the reaction towardf this title is mixed or confused, for they cannot decide what exactly the pharase might indicate . The flim fist and foremost refers to a type of rose bearing large , long-stemmmed purplish-red flowers. And the flowers usually remind people of romance , love , beauty in its abstract, sense, and vigor and vitality of a nation , etc . But this interesting image on the film′s poster has failed to make any sense to many Chinese viewers .

A：你说的没错。至少我就没想注意到这个意思！难道这是文化差异造成的吗?

B：Yes, absolutely . Such cultural differnces arise from the differences in region ,race, history ,environment , and in the levels of economic , scientic and technological development .

B：您能给我举例子吗？比如说，您在中国的生活和工作中发现什么严重的文化差异或冲突吗？

B：We wmphasize efficiency , competition and originality while your manmangement gives priority to careful planning and encourages close cooperation and altruistic dedication among team members . In daily contacts, we tend to be humorous and casual while some of you appear more derious and formal . In American schools , discussion is given top priority and seminar is the usual way of class . Good teachers are those who possess flexible and adaptable talents , and are able to respond instantaneously at any moment

to any question that might arise among the students. That kind of capacity makes a popular teacher in the United States. But Chinese teachers like to lecture in class ,and a lot of them are obsessed with examinations ; they spend long hours standarding and preparing lessons , and writing consistent and standardized teaching plans . All too often , they′re happy with bringing up identical and standardized talents.

A：我感到美国人太看重个人主义，太看重个人利益，这样可能会牺牲集体的利益，影响群体之间的和睦，甚至会损害社会的和谐。

B：Yes , in many cases , you′re right . American working ethic seems to be more individual-oriented . We ofen value the results and accomplishments of work more than its process.Central to Amerian political , economic and social thought is the concept of individual moral autonomy . If I am not mistaken , traditional Chinese philosophical systems are based on Confucianism , which sings high prises for individuals to uplift themselves for the benefit of commual harmon . That is , communal harmony takes precedence over individual freedom.

A可以这样说，应该说是部分正确吧。尽管我们有如此多的文化差异，全球化浪潮正使世界变得越来越小，文化交流也随之变得越来越广泛。

B：Yes . The global integration of economy and the speeding information revolution have brought the world closer than ever before . Chinese learn English , Americans learn Chinese ; we drink tea,you drink coca-cola ; we exercise Kung Fu , you go bowling ;we enjoy Peking Duck , you like KFC; Titannic sailed into China , The Peony Pavilion has been performed on Broadway . Nowadays , easterners and westerners are walking side by side , talking face to face , living, working and studying in harmony . The whole world is becoming increasingly beautiful due to cultural exchangers.

A：是的，“中国丽人”和“美国丽人”走到了一起。我想这个话题还有许多值得我们探讨的地方，由于时间关系，我们今天暂且谈到这里。以后我们再接着聊吧。谢谢。

B：My pleasure. Yes, we′ll do it some other time .

【译文】

A：Mr·Roberts, you have been living in China for two years .How do you like it ?

B：我想我已十分习惯这里的生活，其实我还想在中国永久定居呢。

A：I saw an American Movie a few days ago , which is entitled “American Beauty”. I didn′t quite the story . I don′t quite understand why this movie won the Oscar for the best picture of the year , either. Maybe the answer is the difference between the Chinese and American cultures. Or rather , it is due to the culture difference between the East and the West .

B：这是一很好的话题，也是一个很大的题目。我想先从你提到的电影谈起。事实上，我注意到许多中国人和美国人在理解此片时有一个非常有趣的差别。

A：Yes?

B：一些东方国家将这部电影的片名译成《一个美丽的美国女士》，甚至译成《美丽有罪》。大多数美国人对于这种片名的反应颇为复杂，他们颇感困惑，难以断定这些词究竟意味着什么。其实American beauty首先是指一种美国红玫瑰，一种生有长茎的紫红色的大花。这种花会让人想到浪漫、爱情、抽象意义上的美，它还表示民族的勃勃生机等。我认为，这种见于电影海报的有趣意象，许多中国观众却未能理解其中的含义。

A：That′s right . At least I didn′t get that . Is this due to cultural differences?

B：确实这样。这种文化差异是由地域、种族、历史和环境的差异造成的，也是由经济和科技水平的差异造成的。

A：Can you offer us some examples ? For instance , during your stay in China , have you have found any serious cultural differences or clashes with regard to life and work ?

B：我们强调效率、竞争和独创性，而你们则将严谨规划放在首位，鼓励团队成员之间的密切合作个无私奉献。在日常交往中，，我们往往比较幽默和随意，而你们则比较认真和严肃。在美国学校，讨论享有至高无上的地位，讨论就是课堂教学的主旋律。优秀教师具有灵活应变的才能，能睡会回答学生可能提出的各种问题。这样的教师最受欢迎。而中国教师喜欢讲课，喜欢考试，花许多时间起备课，编写千篇一律的标准教案，培养齐划一的高材生。

A：I think Americans give too much importance to individualism and personal gains ,so much so that ot might sacrifice collective benefits , hurt the agreeable relationship among group members and even bring harm to the harmony of the

society.

B：你说得对，在很多情况下，确实如此。我们美国人的工作理念似乎更强调个人主义。我们一般重视的是结果和成就，而不是过程。美国政治观、经济观以及社会观的核心是个人道德自治观。如果我没理解错的话，中国传统的思想体系是以儒家学说为基础的，这种思想强调整体和谐，强调整体和谐高于个体自由。

A：You may say so . I should say you are partially correct on that . In spite of so many cultural differences , globalization has brought the world increasingly closer . Likewise , cultural exchanges have become more and more extensive.

B：是的。全球经济一体化，不断加速的信息革命，等等，都使世界的联系比以往更加紧密。中国人学习英语，美国人学习汉语，美国人学习汉语；我们饮茶，你们喝可乐；我们练功夫，你们玩保龄球；我们品尝北京烤鸭，你们喜欢肯德基；《泰坦尼克号》驶进了中国，《牡丹亭》也在百老汇上演了。现在，东方人肩并肩走路，，面对面谈，和谐的生活、工作和学习。整个世界由于文化的交流而变得越来越美丽。

A：Yes , “Chinese beauty”and “American beauty”are walking together . I belive there is still much room for further discussion on this topic . As time is limited , we have to stop here today . We are find some other time to continue our talk. Thank you .

B：不客气。是呀，我们另找时间再接着聊。

4-3 经营之道business management111

【原文】

Q：您好，杰克逊先生。您在中国已连续工作了三年。您能否谈一下中美两国生意人在商务沟通方式上有何不同之处？

A: With pleasure. I think there are at least two differences in the way of business communication between Chinese and American businesspeople. First, Chinese businessmen tend to have business negotiations in a rather indirect manner, as opposed to the more direct manner of American businesspeople. The Chinese take time to learn if their prospective business contacts are really reliable, for example, by inviting them to a party and socializing with them. In contrast, American usually act with the “get-down-to-business-first”mentality. Second, the decision making process of Chinese companies is generally slow and time-consuming. This is because most Chinese companies keep to the “bottom-up, then top-down and then bottom-up”decision-making principle which involves many people at different levels. American companies, on the other hand, usually operate with quick decision made by the top management. I hope American businesspeople in China will understand these differences in business practices and adjust the Chinese way.

Q：美国式的经营之道在我们中国人看来往往显得咄咄逼人。您在与中国同事的合作中有无注意到这一点？

A: Well, we are more direct and straightforward than most Chinese, I would say, due to our different cultural traditions.

I noticed that a lot of Chinese often avoid saying a clear “no”just to be polite. Sometimes my Chinese colleagues say “yes”not to express agreement, but only to show that they are listening.

Q：我们都应该承认这些文化差异，尊重这些差异，以免产生误解，这很重要不是吗？

A: Yes, understanding these differences, I believe, will be a first step toward establishing a firm business relationship between American and Chinese companies.

Q：刚才您提到了中国式的决策过程，您认为这种管理模式有无有点？将其与美国的管理模式相比，您有何看法？

A: I would say the American-type, or the top-down, management emphasizes efficiency, and competition among workers, while the Chinese-type management gives priority to careful planning and encourages cooperation among workers, and between workers and the management. Thus, while the American-type management often frustrates many workers, the Chinese-type management gives workers a joy of participation and fulfillment, and s sense of pride in their work.

Q：谈到员工的工作态度，中国人和美国人在这方面有何不同？A: I think most Chinese view work as essential for having membership in a community. They believe that work allow them to have a sense of belonging in a community. In

other words, work is necessary for them to gain social acceptance in the society. That is why many Chinese managers and employees work so hard to maintain their position in their company. Also, they see work as the most important thing in life. That is, they have tried to find the meaning of life through their jobs. While the Chinese work ethic is based on social pressure and community belonging, the American work ethic seems to be more individual oriented. Traditionally, we work because it is the will of God, and we often value the results and accomplishment of work more than its process. By the ay, I’m vey impressed by the obvious strong sense of dedication to the jobs among the older Chinese employees.

Q：回到我们一开始的话题，您如何评价中美两种不同的经营之道的利弊呢？A: It is difficult to decide which is better than which, because there are some merits and demerits to both type of management. My suggestion is that people of both countries should learn from each other. I will say that in recent years, the merits of the Chinese way, or rather, the Oriental way, of management are beginning to be recognized by an increasing number of people in the West. This more humane Oriental way of management seems to offer a great deal to the executives of ourAmerican industries.

Q：谢谢！谢谢您接受我的采访。

A: My pleasure.

【译文】

Q：Hi, Mr. Jackson. You have been working in China for three years. Can you tell us how you feel about the differences in business communication style between Chinese and American businessmen?

A：我很乐意。我认为中美两国生意人在商务沟通方式上至少有两点不同。首先，中国人在商务谈判时倾向于

一种迂回婉转的方式，而美国人则表现出一种直截了当的作风。中国人会花费时间来了解他们将要与之打交道的商人是否靠得住，例如邀请对方参加宴会，与他们进行交流。与之相反，美国人则以“公务为先”的心态行事。第二，中国公司的决策过程耗时冗长。这是因为大部分的中国公司遵循着一种“先自下而上，后自上而下、再自下而上”的决策原则，各个层次上的许多人士都介入决策过程。而美国公司通常是由最高管理人士的快速决策来运作。我希望在华的美国商人理解这些商务活动中的差异，适应中国人的经营之道。

Q：The American way of doing business often strikes us Chinese as very aggressive. Were you aware of this in your collaboration with your Chinese colleagues?

A：这个嘛，我认为，由于我们有着不同的文化传统，所以我们同大部分中国人相比，显得较为直截了当、开门见山。我注意到许多中国人出于礼貌而经常不明确地说一声“不”。有时我的中国同事道一声“是”，这可不是表示赞同，只是表明他们在注意听对方说话而已。

Q：It is important for all of us to acknowledge and respect these cultural differences in order to avoid misunderstandings, isn’t it?

A：是的，我认为，理解这些差异是朝着在美国公司和中国公司之间建立稳固的商务关系的方向迈出的第一步。

Q：You mentioned the Chinese type of decision-making process earlier. Do you see any strength with this type of management and how do you compare it with the American type of management?

A：我感到美国式的自上而下的管理方式注重效率，注重员工之间的竞争。而中国式的管理方式的特点是，优

先考虑周密的计划，鼓励员工之间的合作，鼓励员工与管理层之间的合作。因此，美国式的管理方式常常使许多员工感到沮丧，而中国式的管理方式能使员工有一种喜悦的参与感和成就感，对自己的工作抱一种自豪感。

Q：Talking about workers’attitude toward their work, how do the Chinese and the American differ in this respect?

A：我认为，大多数中国人将工作视为能使自己成为整个团体中的一份子的必不可缺的条件。中国人相信，工

作使自己有了团体的归属感。换言之，中国人为了得到社会的认可，必须工作。这就是为何许多中国经理和员工会努力工作以保住自己在公司里的职位的原因。中国人还将工作视为生活中最重要的大事。也就是说，他们想从工作中找到生活的意义。中国人的工作观建筑在社会压力和团体归属感的基础上，而美国人的工作观则有更强的个体取向性。我们一向认为，我们工作是秉承了上帝的意志，我们对工作成果的重视常常高于对工作过程的重视。附带说一句，年龄较大的中国员工对自己的工作有一种明显的奉献精神，我对此有很深刻的印象。

Q：Returning to where we started, how do you comment on the merits and demerits of the two different approaches to business management?

A：很难判断孰优孰劣，因为这两种经营方式各有自己的长处和短处。我希望我们两国人民应该互相学习，取长补短。应该说近年来中国人的经营方式，更确切地说是东方人的经营方式，开始为越来越多的西方人所认识。东方人的这种人情味更浓的经营方式似乎给我们美国产业界的管理人士以颇多的启迪。

Q：Thank you for sharing your time with me.

A：没问题！

5-4 新的长征a new long match

【原文】

Mr. President,

On behalf of all my colleagues present here, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world. I particularly want to pay tribute, not only to those who prepared the magnificent dinner, but also to those who have provided the splendid music.

These have been very pleasant days in China, and I’m happy that my visit should conclude in such a congenial atmosphere.

Mr. President, I wish to thank you for your very gracious and eloquent remarks. At this very moment through the wonder of telecommunications, many people are hearing what we say today. Yet, what we say here will not be long remembered. But what we do here can change the world.

So, let us start a long march together on different roads leading to the same goal, the goal of building a world structure of peace and justice in which all may stand together with equal dignity and in which each nation, large or small, has a right to determine its own form of government, its own course of development, free of outside interference or domination.

We have a social and political system which differs in many respects from your own. It is the result of different experiences and a different tradition. This system of ours does not always produce results of which we all approve. People sometimes grumble at it and criticize it. But it is a political system deeply rooted in the instincts of our people. We do not aim to impose our own ideas on other people. We believe that it is right and necessary that people with different political and social systems should live side by side. We do not asses in identical fashion all aspects of today’s world—with our distinct histories, geographies and cultures it is inconceivable that we could see eye to eye on all issues—but we do agree on the fundamental need for world peace, and the equally fundamental need for all countries to determine their own fate and design their own future.

The world watches. The world listens. The world waits to see what we will do.

What legacy shall we leave our children? Are they destined to die painfully for the hatreds which have plagued the old world, or are they destined to live joyfully because we had the vision to build a new world?

This is the hour. This is the day foe us to rise to the heights of greatness which can build a new and better world.

In that spirit, I ask all of present to join me in raising your glasses to the friendship and cooperation of our two people which can lead to friendship and peace for all peoples in the world.

【译文】

主席先生，

我谨代表我在座的所有同事，对你们那独有的、著称于世的款待表示感谢。我不仅要特别感谢为我们准备晚宴的人们，而且还要特别感谢为我们演奏优美音乐的人们。

我们在中国度过了十分愉快的时光，我很高兴我的访问能在如此融洽的气氛中结束。

主席先生，我要感谢您那热情洋溢、慷慨陈词的演讲。此时此刻，许多人正在通过神奇的电讯设备倾听着我们的讲话。然而，我们在这里所说的话很快便会被人们遗忘。但是，我们在这里所做的事却能改变世界。

所以，让我们沿着通往共同目标的不同道路，一起开始新的长征。这个目标就是建设一个和平与正义的世界，

在这个世界里所有人都可以站在一起享有同等的尊严，所有国家无论其大小，都有权决定自己的政府形式，选择自己的发展道路，而不受外来干涉或统治。

我们的社会制度和政治制度在许多方面都与贵国的社会制度和政治制度不同。这是我们不同的经历和不同的传统造就的。我们的制度并不总是带来大家都赞同的结果。人们有时会抱怨这种制度，批评这种制度。但是这种制度根深蒂固，已成为我国人民的意识与行为的本能。我们不想把自己的思想意识强加于人。我们认为，有着不同政治制度和社会制度的人们和平相处是正确而又必要的。我们没有用同一种模式来评价当今世界的方方面面—由于我们有着截然不同的历史、地理和文化，很难想象我们会对所有问题都有一致的看法—但是我们彼此一致认为，世界和平是我们的基本需求，各国决定自己的命运、规划自己的未来也同样是我们的基本需求。

世界注视着我们，世界倾听着我们，世界拭目以待我们的行为。

我们要留给下一代什么遗产呢？他们是要注定痛苦地死于曾肆虐于旧世界的仇恨之中呢，还是因为我们曾有的缔造新世界的远见而必将要愉快地生活呢？

时不我待，这是一个攀登崇高理想、创造更美好的新世界的时刻。

本着这种精神，我敬请各位与我一起举杯，让我们为能够给全世界人民带来友谊与和平的我们两国人民之间的友谊与合作而干杯。

6-1 新春联欢celebrating the spring festival

【原文】

各位嘉宾：

在这个美丽无比、明月当空的夜晚，我谨代表总经理梅女士以及公司的全体同仁，感谢各位能在一年最繁忙的季节，从百忙中拨冗光临我们的新春联欢晚会。

特别有幸的是，今晚我们请到了从加拿大远道而来的本森电子公司的朋友们。有如此杰出的贵宾与我们一起共同欢度春节，我深感自豪与荣幸。

我们尽自己之所能，并将继续竭尽全力使各位度过一个最轻松、最欢乐、最难忘的夜晚。我希望各位来宾能尽情品尝中国的传统佳肴与美酒。请不要客气。

各位还将欣赏由本公司一些才华横溢的青年员工所表演的中国味纯正的文艺节目。今晚我们会过得非常愉快。平日在公司上班时，我们中外职员几乎没有时间坐下来交谈。我希望这次晚会可以让我们有极好的机会，可以无所拘束地了解彼此的情况，增进个人之间的友谊。

女士们，先生们，我再次感谢各位嘉宾的光临。最后，我祝愿各位新年身体健康、万事如意。

【译文】

Distinguished guests,

On this most beautiful evening with numerous shining stars, on behalf of General Manager Madam Ouyang and all my colleagues of the company, I wish to thank all the people here for taking the time off their busy schedule, at the busiest time of the year, to come to our Chinese New Year's party.

In particular, we are very fortunate tonight to have the attendance of our friends with the Benson's Electronics Company, who came here all the way from Canada. I feel very proud and honored to have such a distinguished group of guests with us, in our celebration of our Spring Festival.

We have done and will continue to do our best to make this evening most relaxing, most enjoyable and most memorable for you. I hope you will have a good time enjoying the traditional Chinese cuisine and drinking the unique Chinese wine to your heart’s content. So help yourself.

In a moment, you will enjoy the authentic Chinese entertainment performed by some talented young employees of our company. While at work in the company, we, Chinese as well as overseas staff of the company, hardly get to sit down and talk to each other. I hope this party will give us an excellent opportunity to get to know each other better in a more informal

way and increase personal friendships.

Ladies and gentlemen, I'd like to thank you again for coming to the party. And I wish every one of you good health and all the best in the New Year, and I wish your dreams come true.

7-1 大学介绍university information

【原文】

For centuries, this was the place where many cultures blended under the New Mexico sun. They created new knowledge and built innovative ways to live. They still do.

Today, this is the place where the University of New Mexico, a proud world-class research university founded in 1889, blends rich history, amazing cultural diversity, unexcelled natural beauty, big life, and cutting-edge education and discovery and provides promising students with an ideal space to realize their dreams.

We are waiting for you. No matter where you want to go in life, you can get there from here. UNM is so strong in academic power and research capacities, so flexible, so supportive in helping you arrive at your future.

What do you want to do? environmental sciences, business, engineering, music, film and digital media, art, physics, journalism, Latin American studies, architecture, law, medicine, nursing, economics, chemistry, education, linguistics—you get the point. Broaden your horizons and explore your passion. You can do anything. If you are willing to work hard and think big any career is possible.

We are waiting for you. And so are more than 250 top-quality academic degree programs in 13 acclaimed colleges and schools. There is no tomorrow you can’t reach when you begin at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque. Whether you come here from the other side of the town, you will discover endless surprises and limitless possibilities on your academic journey, led by talented faculty on a one-of-a-kind campus, mixing many cultures and many goals. The spirit of New Mexico itself energizes UNM-Here, you can focus more clearly, feel more deeply, and accomplish more.

Sure, there are beautiful mountains and 310 days of sunshine each year, but the real reason UNM is New Mexico’s flagship university has much more to do with its nationally respected schools of engineering, business and management, arts and sciences, architecture and planning, law, medicine, nursing, education, and more. Even with all of that, dollar-for-dollar UNM is one of the best educational values in the nation.

Not to mention one of the best-kept secrets：right here beside the University lies America’s legendary Route 66, renowned country road imbued with a rich history of local cultures. More importantly, here you will find everything you’d expect from a world-class research university with cutting-edge facilities for learning and discovery—plus a renowned

A-list-facility that includes, among others, a Nobel Laureate, two Macarthur Fellows, thirty-five Fulbright scholars, and several members of national academics. UNM professors have published in, among other world-class academic journals, Scientific American and The New England Journal of Medicine and Nature. They have been quoted in Newsweek. The Los Angeles Times, Business Week, The New Yorker, and more.

The College of Arts and Sciences is the heart and soul of UNM. From Africana studies to the arts, biochemistry to journalism, economic to psychology, this is where the world’s knowledge—in the hands of an exceptional

teaching-comes-first faculty—runs into the earnest learners and becomes the foundation for whatever career you can imagine. There is indeed something special about learning in a place where centuries of culture enlighten forward-looking research and innovation.

Living at UNM is a be-who-you-want-to-be experience：Accepting, friendly, and fun. The UNM campus is enlivened by the energy of difference and respect, with what may be the nation’s most diverse student body. People are serious about learning, excellence and creativity, in a place that is somehow both low in background noise and distractions, yet high in community activities and youthful excitement —all under the very special, no-light-like-this-light glow of the New Mexico sun.

You can hike, bike, snowboard, and ski the Sandia Mountains, or raft the Rio Caverns to the south. On campus, study

at the Duck Pond surrounded by trees and distinctive pueblo-style architecture, work out at the fitness center, and in some of the more than 400 student organization, or dive into community service in town. Where else can you check out the world’s largest hot air balloon fiesta? Walk to restaurants and entertainment —UNM is indeed the heart of Albuquerque, a city of 900,000 inhabitants, the apple of a city with a welcoming small-town vibe.

Yes, we are waiting for you.

【译文】

在过去的几个世纪里，沐浴在新墨西哥州阳光下的多种文化在此交织融合，创造了新的知识，也构建了前所未有的生活方式。时至今日，这种多元文化的创新活力依然如故。

今天，人们在这里看到的是一所世界级的研究型大学——新墨西哥大学，无比自豪的屹立在这片土地上。这所创办于1889年的大学将其悠久的办学历史、精彩纷呈的文化多样性、无与伦比的自然景观、包容大气的生活方式、先进的教育和前沿的研究编织在一起，是志向远大的青年才俊实现梦想的理想之地。

我们在此恭候各位的到来。无论你志在何方，这里就是你的起航之地。新墨西哥大学是一所特色鲜明的高等院校。这里人杰地灵、充满活力；这里学风浓郁、科研强大；这里体制灵活、服务真诚；新墨大助莘莘学子早日成才，施展宏图。

你想选择什么专业？这里有众多的学科供你选择：环境科学、商学、工程学、音乐、电影及电子传媒、美术、物理学、新闻学、拉美研究、建筑学、法学、医学、护理学、经济学、化学、教育学、语音学等，专业由你说了算。在新墨大你可以拓展视野、陶冶情操，你可以尽己所能展示才华。只要志向远大、勤奋进取，你的梦想能成真，你的事业定有成。

我们在此恭候各位的到来，新墨大下属13个交口称誉的学院所开设的250多个质量一流的学位计划在此恭候各位就读。你只要在这所位于阿尔伯克基市的新墨西哥大学主校区开始专业学习，你定会抵达明日的理想之地。无论来自国内还是境外，无论来自本州还是本市，你将在这个不落窠臼的校园，在才华横溢的导师的率领下，踏上学术的发现之旅，历经无尽的惊喜和无限的奇遇，分享多元的文化魅力，追随不同的奋斗目标。新墨西哥大学沐浴着新墨西哥州的地域精神，并从中获取补气健体的养料。在这里，你的目标会更明确，感受会更深切，成就会更突出。

是的，这里有美丽的山脉，全年平均日照日达310天。但是，新墨大之所以成为新墨西哥州旗舰大学的真正原因在于，这所大学拥有闻名全美的工学院、商务及管理学院、文理学院、建筑与规划学院、法学院、医学院、护理学院、教育学院等教学科研单位。这些并非是新墨大魅力的全部，物有所值的教育更使我校跻身于全美最具教育价值大学的行列。

更不用提及隐匿恒久的一个奥秘：紧挨着新墨大的那条公路，就是美国传奇的66号公路，这条闻名遐迩的乡间公路向前来求学的莘莘学子讲述着充满风土人情和地方色彩的历史故事。更重要的是，你在这里所期望得到的确实是一所世界级研究型大学所能给予的一切，这所大学有着最先进的教学条件、最前沿的研究设施、一流的师资队伍，在其德高望重的教授名单上有诺贝尔奖获得者一名、麦克阿瑟学者两名、福布赖特学者35名、国家科学院院士多名。新墨大的教授经常在《科学美国人》、《医学与自然新英格兰杂志》等国际权威刊物上发表学术论文。他们的文章也经常见诸于著名的报刊杂志，被《新闻周刊》、《洛杉矶时报》、《商业周刊》、《纽约人》等所引述。

新墨大的文理学院是学校的灵魂。从非洲研究到艺术学科，从生物化学到新闻学，从经济学到心理学，这些汇通各学科的世界知识，经由出类拔萃、坚守“教学第一”理念的教师们的悉心传授，涓涓不停地流向如饥似渴的学生，转化成未来事业的基础。在这片有着数百年文化底蕴的土地上，人文教育开启了面向未来的研究者和创新者的心智，这样的教育确实意义非凡。

新墨大的学习生活随性、惬意，校园洋溢着宽容、友好、富有情趣的氛围。这里的学生也许是全美最具多样性的群体，他们和而不同，相互尊重，使校园充满勃勃生机。他们认真学习，追求卓越，努力创新，这里的环境安宁，远离喧嚣，却不乏社团活动和青春激情。所有这一切，都得益于新墨西哥州那无与伦比的阳光照耀。

在这里，你可以徒步旅行，你可以参加自行车运动或滑雪板运动，你可以上桑迪亚山滑雪，你可以去南边的格兰德何漂流。你可以在校园内的那个被树木和鹅卵石建筑环绕的鸭子池塘旁看书学习，你可以去学校的健身房锻炼身体，你可以在四百多个学生社团中选择若干参与活动，你也可以在市内做社区公益活动，你可以参与全球最大的热气球节的活动，你可以品味这里的餐馆提供的美味佳肴，享受这里的丰富多彩的娱乐活动。新墨大确实是有着90万居民的阿尔伯克基市的心脏，也是这座有着浓郁的小镇情调、热情好客的城市的掌上明珠。

是的，我们在此恭候各位的到来。

8-2 传统节日traditional holidays

【原文】

我很高兴有机会向各位介绍中国的主要传统节日，尤其是介绍中国最重要的传统节日——春节。

同世界其他地区一样，节日在中国是人们勤于烹调、饱享口福的时候。菜市场鱼肉满架，购物和烹调

成了人们的主要活动。但是节庆膳食除了在数量和质量上与平日不同之外，一些历史悠久、具有象征意义的特色食物也是节日必不可缺的伴侣。

例如农历5 月5日的端午节，人们过端午节是为了纪念被昏君贬官放逐而抱石投江自尽的古代诗人和忠臣屈原。最初人们将以芦苇叶包扎好的糯米粽子投入屈原自尽的那条江，以祭祀亡灵。今天，人们在端午节时举行龙舟比赛，而粽子则由活生生的人来享用。

农历8 月15 日的中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，进而象征着家庭团聚。中秋节日的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼，内含核桃仁、蜜饯、豆沙或蛋黄等食物。

春节是中国最重要的传统节日，标志着农历新年的开始。春节的日期按农历而定，通常出现在公历 2 月份前半个月的某一天。过春节又叫做“过年”，意思是避开“年”这个怪物。相传“年”是古时候的一种凶猛的怪物。它的样子想强壮的公牛，长着狮子一样的头。这个怪物通常待在深山里。但每到冬末春初他在山里找不到足够的食物就会闯入村庄找东西吃。村民们见之非常害怕，于是纷纷搬家，逃离这个怪物。后来人们发现，“年”非常害怕三样东西：红色、明亮火焰以及大声喧哗。人们为了阻止“年”进村，就把大门漆成红色，还点火烧竹子，发出噼噼啪啪的响声。从此以后，“年”再也不来村里了。一个传统就这样形成了。竹子燃烧时发出的这种响声被后来的鞭炮声所取代。这就是中国人燃放鞭炮欢庆春节的来历。

春节期间人们通常猛吃畅饮。春节的食物比较讲究，除了常见的海鲜、家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制一些传统菜肴。因为春节标志着新年的第一天，所以第一顿饭是相当重要的。饺子、汤圆、年糕和八宝饭是过年时家家户户必不可少的吉祥食品。“年糕”这个词里的“糕”字与“高”谐音，寓意来年“节节高”。香甜的汤圆则是合家团圆的象征。

春节期间的娱乐活动多种多样，丰富多彩。耍龙灯和舞狮子是春节期间的传统项目。还有一种至今仍受人欢迎的传统表演活动，叫踩高跷。根据记载，中国人的祖先开始使用高跷是为了从树上采集水果。如今，熟练地高跷表演者能够在高跷上展示惊人的技艺，表演高难度的动作。

现在，随着生活水平的不断提高，人们采用了新的方式庆祝新年。但不管庆祝方式怎么变，春节的精华不会变，那就是为了祈求新年吉祥如意，家家户户都会打扫得干干净净，门上都会贴上对联，人人穿上新衣裳，拿出最精美的食物，团聚在一起，互道吉利，表示祝贺。最重要的是，春节是一个合家欢聚的日子，出门在外的人总要想方设法在除夕夜到来之前赶回家，吃上一年中最重要的一顿饭——“团圆饭”。

从传统意义上说，春节以元宵节为终结日。每年农历正月十五的元宵节又被称之为“灯节”，自古以来就是展览和观赏花灯的盛大节日。这一节日正如宋词所描写的那样：“鱼灯万里耀长空，闹灯元宵处处同。顶马狮龙人物好，街歌巷舞尽儿童。”

我今天简要介绍了一下中国的传统节日，希望各位朋友有机会去亲身体验一下我国传统节日的欢乐气氛。

【译文】

I’m very happy to have the opportunity to talk to you about major traditional Chinese holidays and in particular about the Spring Festival ,the most important Chinese holiday.

Like in the rest of the world , holidays in china are a time to enjoy good cooking and eating, Grocery markets are well stocked with all kinds of fish and meat and shopping and cooking become major activities. But in addition to the quantitative and qualitative differences apparent in holiday meals, some special traditional foods with their symbolic significance are indispensable on these occasions.

The Dragon Boat Festival on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month(around early June)is celebrated in memory of Qu Yuan, an ancient poet and loyal minister who drowned himself while in exile from a corrupt court. Zongzi, a kind of glutinous rice

dumpling wrapped in reed leaves, were originally prepared as sacrificial offerings for Qu Yuan’s departed soul and dropped into the river where he drowned himself. Today, however, dragon boat races are held during the festival and the zongzi are consumed by the living.

The Mid-autumn festival which occurs on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month(around mid-September)is an occasion for viewing the full moon. The round moon is a symbol for completeness, and by extension, family reunion. The specialty of the day is the yuebing(mooncake),a round pastry filled with nuts, candied preserved fruits, bean paste, duck egg yolks, etc.

The Spring Festival, the most important traditional Chinese festival, marks the beginning of the Chinese Lunar New year. The Spring Festival is celebrated according to the lunar calendar, and generally occurs sometime in the first half of February. The Spring Festival is also called Guo Nian in Chinese, meaning keeping off the monster of Nian. The legend has it that Nian was a fierce monster back in ancient times. It looked like a strong bull with a head like that of a lion. Usually the monster stayed deep in the mountains. But at the turn of each spring, the monster, unable to find enough food in the mountains, came out of its mountain lair and entered villages to eat whatever it could catch. Villagers were so scared that they moved away to escape the ferocious monster. Later people found that Nian was afraid of three things: red color, bright flame and loud noise. To prevent Nian from entering their villages, villagers painted their doors red, burned stalks of bamboo, which made cracking sounds. Ever since then, Nian never again came to the villages. Thus, a tradition was established. Later, the noise of the cracking bamboo was replaced by the bang of firecrackers for the Spring Festival.

Customarily, lavishly consuming food and drink is a major activity during the Spring Festival. People are usually particular about their food. In addition to the popular seafood, poultry and meat, regional custom dictates that traditional favorites should be prepared and consumed. Since the festival marks the first day of a brand new year, the first meal is rather important. Such foods as jiaozi(boiled dumplings),tangyuan(soup of small rice balls cooked with

fillings),niangao(New Year cake, thick steamed pudding of glutinous rice flour)and babaofan(steamed sweet glutinous rice pudding)are signs of good luck and indispensable in every household. The Chinese character gao in the word niangao is homonymous with the word”tall”,suggesting“growing up and prospering”in the new year, and the round sweet dumpling is a symbol of family reunion.

The recreational activities during the Spring Festival are varied and colorful. The Dragon Dance and Lion Dance are traditionally performed during the festival. Walking on stilts is another traditional performance event popular in China. According to the archives, Chinese ancestors event began using stilts to help them gather fruits from trees. Today’s skillful performers can perform truly amazing feats and extremely difficult movements on stilts.

Nowadays, with the improvement of living standards, people have taken up new ways to celebrate the traditional Chinese New year. No matter what changes there might be, the traditional highlights of the Spring Festival will remain the same: hoping for a propitious and happy new year, each family will clean up the house and put up an antithetical couplet on each side of the door. Dressed up in their best, people will get together, treat each other to the most delicious foods and exchange auspicious greetings. Most important of all, the Spring Festival is the occasion for a family reunion. People away from home for various reasons will always try their best to come back home before the New Year’s Eve for the family reunion dinner, the most important meal of the year.

Traditionally, the Spring Festival season ends with the Lantern Festival which falls on the 15th of the first lunar month. The Lantern Festival has been the great occasion to display and watch lanterns since antiquity. A poet of the Song Dynasty wrote these lines, “The sky is ablaze with myriads of fish-shaped lanterns. It is fun everywhere on the Lantern Festival. Lanterns in shape of horse, lion, dragon and human figure are all attractive. Streets and lanes are packed with singing and dancing children.”

I have given a brief introduction of traditional Chinese festivals. I sincerely hope that you have the chance to experience for yourself the happy festival atmosphere in China.

10-2 环境保护environmental protection

【原文】

女士们、先生们：

当今世界，环境保护已成为各国政府和各界人士共同关心的问题。过去10年，海平面升高和森林砍伐的速度都是前所未有的；生态恶化、物种灭绝、臭氧层被破坏、温室效应、酸雨、土地沙漠化等一系列环境问题已经严重影响到人类的生存环境和身体健康。

环境恶化造成的问题之一就是缺水。目前，全世界40%以上的人口，即20多亿人，面临缺水问题。据预测，未来25年全球人口将由60亿增长到80亿，环境保护面临更大的压力，解决环境与发展的问题面临着重重困难。

中国作为一个发展中国家，面临着发展经济与保护环境的双重任务。从国情出发，中国在全面推进现代化的进程中，将环境保护视为一项基本国策，将实现经济持续发展视为一项重要战略，同时在全国范围内开展污染防治工作和生态环境保护活动。

我们认为保护环境是全人类的共同任务。中国积极发展环境保护领域的双边和多边合作，在环境规划与管理、污染控制与预防、森林和野生动植物保护、海洋环境、气候变化、大气污染、酸雨、污水处理等方面进行了交流与合作，取得了一批重要成果。

概括说来，我们选择持续发展的实施战略；逐步改进法律和行政制度；预防和控制工业污染，综合整治城市环境；大规模进行国土控管和农村环保；保护生态环境，保护植被，退耕还林，退耕还草，封山绿化；加速对环境科技的开发；在人民中宣传环保知识，提高人们对环保道德与行为准则的认识；采取强有力的措施促进环保工作的国际合作。

工业污染防治是中国环境保护工作的重点。我们通过调整产业、产品结构，通过结合技术改造推行清洁生产，完成了一大批污染治理项目。在治理工业污染的同时，政府加强了生态农业建设，把发展生态农业列为实现环境与经济协调发展的重大对策。生态农业建设使农业生态环境得到了明显改善，荒山荒坡得到了治理，森林覆盖率得到了大幅度提高，水土流失也有所控制。

众所周知，对生态环境和生物多样生保护是环保工作的重点。经过长期努力，我国的生态环保和建设取得了较大的成就。我国野生动植物物种丰富，仅脊椎动物就有6000多种左右，高等植物3万多种。为加快物种保护事业的发展，国家实施了“全国野生动植物保护及自然保护区建设工程”。自然保护区的建立，使一批具有代表性、典型性、科学研究价值的(多定语的处理)自然生态系统和珍稀濒危物种得到了有效保护。另外，全国还建立了野生动物拯救繁育基地250余处，野生植物基因保存中心400余处。我们欣慰地看到，200多种珍稀濒危的野生动物和1000多种野生植物在人工照料下保持了稳定的种群，有的已成功回归大自然。

中国作为国际社会的成员，在努力保护自己的环境的同时，还积极参与国际环保事务，促进国际环保合作，并认真发行了国际义务。所有这些都充分表明了中国政府和人们保护全球环境的诚意和决心。

女士们、先生们，人类在解决环境与发展的问题上仍然面临着大量的难题，任重而道远。中国将一如既往，与其他国家合作，为保护我们的生存环境，为人类的幸福和繁荣，为造福下一代而奋斗。

【译文】

Ladies and gentlemen,

Nowadays, environmental protection has become the common issue that concerns the governments of many countries and people of all walks of life. Sea level rose and forests were destroyed at an unprecedented rate during the last decade. A series of environmental problems, such as the deterioration of the ecosystem, the extinction of bio-species, damage to the ozone layer, the green-house effect, acid rain and desertification, have posed a serious threat to human living conditions and health.

Environmental crisis leads to one of the serious problems, namely, water shortage. Presently, more than 40% of the world’s population, more than 2 billion people, now face water shortage. It is predicted that with the global population expected to increase from six billion to eight billion over the next 25 years, more pressure on environmental protection is

expected. Many problems remain to be resolved in striking a balance between economic development and environmental protection..

As a developing country, China is confronted with the dual task of developing the economy and protecting the environment. Proceeding from its national conditions, China has, in the process of promoting its overall modernization program, made environmental protection one of its basic state policies, regarded the realization of sustained economic development as an important strategy and meanwhile, carried out nationwide campaigns for pollution prevention and treatment as well as environmental ecological conservation.

We consider environmental protection a common task for all people across the world. Thus, China has actively promoted bilateral and multi-lateral coo in the field of environmental protection. Significant achievements have been made in environmental planning and management, pollution control and prevention, forest protection, wild animal and plant protection, as well as in the areas concerning marine environment, climate change, air pollution, acid rain and sewage disposal, etc.

Briefly, here are the things that we have been doing to protect our environment: choosing a sustainable development strategy for implementation; improving the legal and administrative systems in step-by-step manner; preventing and controlling industrial pollution and comprehensively working on the improvement of the urban environment; carrying out territorial control and rural environmental protection on a large scale; protecting ecological environment, protecting vegetation, returning cultivated land to forests or pastures, and closing off hillsides to facilitate afforestation; accelerating the development of environmental science and technology; popularizing environmental protection knowledge among the people and raising their awareness of environmental ethics and code of conduct; and finally taking vigorous action to promote international cooperation in environmental protection.

Prevention and control of industrial pol is a priority concern in China’s environmental protection efforts. We have completed a great number of pollution-control projects through the readjustment of the industrial structure and product mix, and promoted clean production through technical transformation. While addressing industrial pollution, China has promoted the development of eco-agriculture. The government has taken the development of eco-agriculture as an important means to realize the coordinated development of the environmental and the economy. The practice of eco-agriculture has brought about striking improvements in the agricultural ecological environment –barren hills greened, forest acreage greatly raised, soil erosion controlled to some extent.

It’s known to all that protection of the ecological environment and biodiversity is the focal point of environment protection work. Through protracted efforts, China has made great achievements in the protection and nurturing of the ecological environment. China is rich in wildlife species. There are about 6,000 vertebrates alone and 30,000 species of higher plants. In order to accelerate the development of the conservation undertaking, the government implemented “the National Wildlife Conservation and Nature Reserves Development Program”. The establishment of nature reserves has put a number of representative and typical natural eco-systems with research value as well as rare and endangered species under effective protection. Moreover, we have established over 250 wild fauna rescue and breeding bases and 400 genetic reserves for wild flora. We are relieved by the fact that stable populations for 200 rare and endangered species of wild fauna and

1,000 –odd rare and endangered species of wild flora are maintained under human watch. Some of the endangered species have been successfully reintroduced to nature.

As a member of the international community, China, while making great efforts to protect its own environment, has taken an active part in international environmental protection affairs to promote international cooperation in environmental protection, and earnestly fulfilled its international obligations. All these efforts have fully demonstrated the sincerity and determination of the Chinese G and people to protect the global environment.

Ladies and gentlemen, humankind still faces a great many difficulties in solving the problems of the environmental protection and development. There is a grand task to perform and a long way to go. China will, as it did in the past, work with other countries and strive for the protection of the environment for human survival, for the happiness and prosperity of humanity, and for the benefits of our children.

12-3书法艺术The art of calligraphy

【原文】

我很高兴有机会向诸位介绍中国书法这一宝贵的文化遗产及其对中国旅游业的贡献。

中国有句古话是这样说的:"山不在高，有仙则名；水不在深，有龙则灵。”中国书法好似山上之仙、水中之龙。

中国书法同其他书写形式有很大区别。汉字在其漫长的发展史中演化成许多不同的艺术形式，其中包括甲骨铭文、青铜器铭文、篆书、隶书、楷书、行书和草书。

许多汉字属象形文字．常可从字的形状揣知其义。无沦是刀刻书法还是笔墨书法都可以通过字形的夸张取得艺术效果。

因此书法一直是一门研究艺术。千百年来中国书法家倾注了大量的心血研究书法艺术的形式、规则及理论。他们的成果对朝鲜、日本和东南亚国家的汉字书法家产生了巨大的影响。这些国家的书法家经常不断地访问中国，探索书法艺术

汉字的传统书法并未受到外界的影响，这是我国的一大旅游资源。中国大多数旅游区都有不可胜数的铭文石碑(其中许多是刻在悬崖峭壁上的铭文)、匾额和厅堂卷轴对联。以石碑闻名遐迩的桂林七星岩内各个朝代的铭文随处可见。

旅游区的古代书法遗迹皆以碑林和石刻为主。例如建于1091年的西安碑林”区还留有大量的周秦时期的石刻作品。

对于那些有兴趣把书法作为一种艺术形式来研究的人士来说，曲阜孔庙和泰山岱庙里的石碑是必看无疑的。两处都存有数百件书法风格各异的石刻碑匾。

中国历史上许多诗人和高僧在浪迹名山时皆墨撒悬崖峭壁，以此抒发感情。所幸的是，他们的许多作品均被完好地保存下来。除了石碑岩崖作品外，丝绸和纸张上行文留字则是更为常见的书法形式。

汉字书法无论以何种形式出现都将吸引海外游客。

【译文】

I’m very pleased to have this opportunity to talk about Chinese calligraphy, a highly-valued Chinese cultural heritage, and its contribution to Chinese tourism.

An ancient Chinese saying goes that” Any mountain can be famous with the presence of an immortal, and any river can be holy with the presence of a dragon”. Chinese calligraphy is like an immortal on a mountain and a dragon in a river.

Chinese calligraphy is very different from other forms of writing. During their long history of development Chinese characters have evolved and been written into many different artistic styles, including the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells and in ancient bronze objects, the seal character, official script, regular script, running script and cursive script.

Many Chinese characters are pictographs and often the meaning of a particular character is apparent in the pictorial form of the character. Calligraphy, whether done with a knife or brush, can be rendered in ways that exaggerate the form, consequently yielding effects of artistic beauty.

Calligraphy, therefore, has been traditionally a subject of artistic study. Down through the centuries Chinese calligraphers have devoted substantive attention to studying the forms, principles and theories pertinent to the art of calligraphy. Moreover, their works have significantly influenced calligraphers of Chinese characters in Korea, Japan and Southeast Asian countries. People from these countries regularly visit China studying calligraphic art.

Traditional Chinese calligraphy has not been influenced by the outside world. As a result, it constitutes a tourist resource Most of the Chinese tourist areas have numerous inscribed tablets, including inscriptions on precipices, horizontal inscribed boards and couplets written on the scrolls hung on the pillars of halls. The Seven-Star Cave of Guilin, widely known as a sea of stelae, contains everywhere inscriptions from various dynasties.

Ancient calligraphy relics found in tourist areas primarily consist of tablet forests and stone cuts, for example, the

Xi’an Tablet Forest, which was built in 1091, including a large number of stone cuts from the periods of Zhou (11th century-256 BC) and Qin (221-206 BC) .

The stelae in Qufu’s Confucius Temple and Mount Tai’s Dai Temple are undoubtedly visitors’ choice for those interested in studying calligraphy as an art form. Each location contains several hundred tablets inscribed with various styles.

Historically, many poets and senior monks wrote inscriptions on precipices to express their feelings when they works have been well preserved. Fortunately, many of their works have been well preserved. In addition to stone tablets and inscriptions on mountain precipices, calligraphy has also been practiced as more popular forms of art with silk and paper.

Whatever the form, calligraphy of Chinese characters will continue to exert a magnetic influence on tourists to China. 13-4 专利法规on patent laws

【原文】

Today, we, pioneers and leaders of electronic commerce, are meeting here to call for changes in US patent law. We believe such changes are needed to deal with new business models related to the growth of the Internet.

I share the same view with Jeff Bezos, chief executive of online bookseller https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9a1938005.html,. Mr.Bezos argued in an open letter that current patent laws could end up harming all kinds of businesses if the laws were not adapted to new business methods used in e-commerce.

I think U.S. Patent laws are designed to protect the commercial rights of people who have invested in new products, systems or methods. Hereby I propose that the period of protection offered by patents should be cut from 17 years to about 4 years. I also propose a one-month period of public consultation before patents are issued. The purpose of these changes is to ensure that patented business models and software are more quickly released into the public domain.

Amazon was once under criticism for allegedly abusing current laws by patenting business methods that are so general in scope they should be available to everyone. Two examples include Amazon’s patent for the so-called one-click purchasing option on its World Wide Web site and its program for paying other web sites that refer customers to the Amazon site.

From my experience of working with hi-technology companies in California’s Silicon Valley, the biggest problems arise when existing patent protections for business methods are combined with the Internet.

When you combine the ability to patent business methods with the advent of the Internet you have a very interesting coincidence. The Internet provides a new way of doing just about everything. You can have electronic shopping carts on the Internet that mimic the shopping carts in the real world. But because it is in a new environment, a new medium, that is sufficiently novel to obtain a patent on that idea.

If changes in the patent laws are going to have any real impact, they must be made soon, before too many more new business method patents are issued. Some of my colleagues in the industry have already begun lobbying lawmakers to make the changes. But we have to be a little bit more patient because it will take at least two years for any changes proposed now to be approved by lawmakers and established as law.

【译文】

今天，我们这些电子商务的创始人和领导人在此集会，共同呼吁修改美国专利法。我们认为互联网的发展已形成了一些新商业模式，专利法必须经过修改才能应付这些新情况。

我同在线书店亚马逊电子商务公司的首席执行官杰夫·贝索斯特有相同的观点。贝索斯先生在一封公开信中指出，现行的专利法若不加以修正以适应电子商务的新模式，最终将伤害所有的商务活动。

我认为，制定美国专利法的根本出发点是为了保护那些投资开发新产品、新系列新方法者的权益。我在这里提议，专利权的保护期应该由原来的17 年缩短为4 年。同时我也建议，专利发布前应该有一个月的公示咨询期。

这些改革的目的是为了确保获得专利权的商务模式和软件能更快地进入公共领域。

亚马逊公司曾遭到一些批评，有人指责亚马逊公司滥用现行法律，使一些极其普通的商务方法得到专利保护，这些商务方法没有任何特殊之处，所有人都有权使用。亚马逊公司有两个典型的专利保护例子，一是所谓的网上一次点击购物法，一是对亚马逊公司转让客户的其他网站支付费用的程序。

凭我在加州硅谷高科技公司的工作经验，当现行的商务行为专利保护与因特网联系在一起时，就会出现最严重的问题。

当你把商务行为专利保护与因特网使用结合在一起时，你会发现一个十分有趣的巧合。因特网可以提供做事的新方法。你可以在网上使用电子购物车推车，所谓的电子购物手推车不过是对现实生活中的手推车的模拟，但由于出现在一个新的环境中，出现在一个新的媒介中，这种模拟方法因其新颖而可以申请专利保护。

如果想让专利法的修改真正起到作用，那就必须加快修订步伐，不然的话，等越来越多的商务模式新专利颁布后再进行修改，为时也就太晚了。电子商务产业的一些同行已开始游说立法人修改法律。但是我们还得耐心等待，现在提出的修改建议至少要等上两年才能被立法部门确定为正式的法律

16-4用筷技艺The magic chopsticks

【原文】

筷子是中餐桌上最有特色的用餐工具。

几千年来我们中国人一直视筷子为一种可以将饭从碗中逐口送入口中的最简单同时也是最有效的工具。早在周朝时期，筷子便被人们用来夹取荤、蔬菜，而米饭在那时则用手来取食。

这一时期的筷子叫做“箸”，与“住”字谐音。可这个“住”字在船上被视为禁忌语，因为船是不可以在航行途中打住不前的，人们因而改“箸”字为“筷”字，与“快”字谐音。此后，人们在“筷”字后又添加了后缀词“子”。中国许多厨房用品的名称都带有后缀词“子”，如“杯子”、“盆子”、“锅子”、“桌子”等等。

掌握好筷子这件与生存有关的工具需要手指的熟练协调，而用好筷子则可以给孩子一次机会，向父母亲表明，自己已无需再依赖汤匙进食，可以同常人一样独立取食了。全国各地的筷子大小基本一样，而所用材料的种类则各有不同，所选材料有竹子、木材、漆器、玉石、象牙、塑料、铝、银、金等。特长的竹筷通常用于厨房中。过去人们用嵌有竹器的木筷来测试是否有人在餐中下毒，因为银器碰到一些有毒物品会起变色反应。

我们中国人使用筷子的方法很有艺术性，各人有各人的方法，就好像签名一样，不尽一致。中国人一般都能随心所欲地用筷子夹起一粒米饭、一粒豌豆、一只滑溜溜的蘑菇和海参。有些人还能夹起一整块易碎的豆腐。

对于那些用餐时只会使用刀叉的西方人来说，掌握用筷的方法和技巧开始时难度也许很大，当然也很有趣，需要很大的耐心，需要用心练习。如果他们希望享用一顿真正意义上的中餐，那么花些时间耐心学习用筷技艺不仅很有必要，而且也是乐趣有加。

使用筷子时，要把一双筷子夹在大拇指和食指之间。要点是让其中的一双筷子保持不动，活动另一根筷子，以便能像钳子那样夹取食物。光靠蛮力是无济于事的，所用之力只要恰到好处，就可以轻松自如地夹起食物。

就餐时自始至终握筷不放，会被视为一种不礼貌的举动，这与中国的用餐规矩不符。中国传统的用餐规矩要求就餐者将夹取到的食物送入口中，而后即把筷子平行地放在饭碗或餐盘的一边。餐间交谈时用筷子指指点点也是一种不礼貌的行为。

在中国，餐桌上放一把刀是极其少见的现象。在许多人看来，刀会使人联想到虎视眈眈、咄咄逼人的武器，因而不应在友好温暖的餐桌上占有一席之地。根据中国的传统习俗，所有切割操作以及其他“体力性劳作”都应该放在厨房内进行。这样，所有出现在餐桌上的食物皆可一口送入口中，当然整鱼、整鸡、整头乳猪除外。这些菜经过一番烹调，可以用筷子夹开取用，因而也无需借助刀子切割。

以上我所讲的虽然谈不上有多少科技含量，但也不能说没有艺术含量吧？

【译文】

Chopsticks, or kuaizi, are the most distinctive eating tool on the Chinese dining table.

For thousands of years we Chinese have always regarded chopsticks the simplest possible and the most efficient tool for transporting bite-sized morsels of food from a bowl to the mouth. As early as in the Zhou Dynasty, chopsticks were used for picking up meat and vegetables, while hands were used for rice.

The Chinese term for chopsticks during this period was zhu, a character whose sound was homonymous with another world meaning "to stop". Since this character was taboo on ships, which were not supposed to stop en route, it was changed to kuai, a word homonymous with another word meaning "quick". Then, another character zi was added as a sort of suffix, as occurs with the names of many common objects in the kitchen, such as beizi (cup), panzi (plate), guozi(pot),

zhuozi(table),etc.

The mastery of this survival tool requires a skillful coordination of fingers, which gives a child an opportunity to prove to his or her parents that he or she is no longer dependent on the spoon, and can reach out for his or her own food like everyone else. Chopsticks, which are roughly uniform in size throughout China, can be made of a variety of materials, including bamboo, wood, lacquer, jade, ivory, plastic, aluminum, silver and gold. Special long bamboo chopsticks are generally used in the kitchen. In the past, wooden chopsticks inlaid with silver thread were used to test whether poison was put in a meal since silver reacts to a number of poisonous substances by changing its color.

The way we Chinese handle our chopsticks is quite artistic and varied from person to person like one's signature. An average Chinese can very easily pick up a single tiny grain of rice, or a tiny piece of peas, or a slippery button mushroom or sea cucumber. Some people are able to pick up a piece of bean curd that crumbles easily.

For those Westerners who use only forks and knives for their meals, the mastery of the method and skills for using chopsticks may be quite challenging, and amusing, at the beginning. A lot of patience and concentrated practice is required. This is not only very necessary but also very entertaining if they wish to enjoy a real Chinese dinner.

When using chopsticks, one should place both sticks between the thumb and forefinger. The point is to keep one stick still and move the other so as to make them work like pincers. There is no use using force. As a matter of fact, as long as one uses strength appropriately, he or she can pick up food effortlessly.

As far as Chinese table manners are concerned, it is considered impolite to hold chopsticks throughout meal. The Chinese traditional table manners require the diner to lay down the chopsticks on the table parallel to one's rice bowl or plate when one has sent the picked food into his or her mouth.. It is also considered impolite to point with chopsticks during a conversation over the meal.

In China, it is quite rare for a knife to appear on the table. For many people, a knife is associative with a menacing weapon that should not find itself on a friendly, warm dinner table. It is also a Chinese custom for all chopping and other "manual labor" to be performed behind the kitchen door. Thus, all food which appears on the table is bite-sized or smaller, with the exception of whole fish, chickens, or suckling pigs, of course, which are cooked in such a way that they can be served and eaten with chopsticks, and therefore there's no need for a knife to appear on the table.

What I have just introduced may not be considered as something scientific and technological. But certainly, there is something that can be considered artistic, isn't there?