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英语中级听力2(16-25课)答案及原文

英语中级听力参考答案

Answer Keys to Listen to This: 2

Lesson 16

Section One: Men and Women

III. Exercises:

A.1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T

B.(1) --- (d, i, m); (2) --- (a, c, e, j, l); (3) --- (h);

(4) --- (f); (5) --- (b, g); (6) --- (k);

C. 1. all her up about, your side of

2. for sale

3. house-trained, reasonably trained, two years, two weeks, needs training, within

4. 25p, all a man was worth

5. staring me in the face, blew me top

6. blamed me for

7. egged her on

8. came off, barged into

9. blown over, a world of good

Section Two:

Task 1: The Suffragette Movement

A.1. c 2. a 3. a 4.b

B. 1. She would feel highly insulted.

2. They got the right to vote and some of them became members of the Parliament.

3. They have been useful in helping women in their jobs in other vocations.

4. She didn’t want to vote.

5. She feels all right joining men in their world of work and sport. But she is happy to

leave politics to men.

C. 1. approve of

2. a good laugh

3. In the long term

4. interfered with, a few boos and there, clapping

5. different to, at their own job

6. a great thrill on the race track

Task 2: Sex Discrimination

A.1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. F

B. 1. sit under, fall off, got to stand up

2. being discriminated against, at least to some extent

3. proved wrong, removes, valid grounds for

4. stamp it out

5. a great shame, go round

Section Three:

Recognizing the Main Idea:

1.Reading for a particular purpose

2.Why does a student come to the library

3.Writing is the most difficult skill

4.How to write a correct sentence

5.Simplicity --- a quality much admired

6.Participating in group discussions

Lesson 17

Section One:

Task 1: News in Brief

A.1. c 2. a 3. a 4. b 5. b 6. c

B. 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F 6. F

C.(1) --- (g, o, p); (2) --- (d, h, n); (3) --- (c, i); (4) --- (e, g);

(5) --- (b, f, m); (6) --- (a, k, q); (7) --- (l);

Task 2: Old Age and Health

A.1. a 2. c 3. a

B. 1. becoming senile, very few people

2. 15 %, over 65,

3. 80 %, over 65, at least

4. watch out for

5. immune system, to decline, lungs, the senses, the brain, skin

6. benefit more from, the eldly

Section Two:

Task 1: At a Small Restaurant

A.(1) c (2) b (3) a (4) a

B.(1) F (2) T (3) F (4) T (5) T (6) F (7) T (8) F (9) T

C.(1) He has trouble finding good, reliable domestic staff for his restaurant.

(2) Because more and more organizations wanted to see his demonstration.

(3) He wanted to combine the demonstration with a permanent establishment.

(4) He decided to choose this remote place because he wanted to have a restaurant for

those who love peace and quiet and beautiful scenery and who also appreciate good food.

Task 2: The Tree Climbers of Pompeii

A.1. A man was half way up the tree.

2. Ruins.

3. To collect pine cones.

4. The processed them into some sauce which is used in Italian cooking.

5. No. The foreman bought a licence from the State for the right to go round places

collecting pine cones.

6. The tree climbers.

B. 1. halfway up this tree, his hands, his feet, 20 or 30 feet up

2. more or less, a rather middle-aged monkey, of 50

3. extremely sought after, in the food industry

4. good at, um recognizing, ready, a bit hard

5. sit around, fell down

Section Three:

Recognizing the Main Idea:

1.Expressing neutrality after being nominated

2.Making a promise of what to do when elected the President

3.We should go to the moon.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/903327637.html,memorating a person

5.The problem of the black people should be considered

6.Why I want to resign.

Lesson 18

Section One: Energy Crisis

A.1. b 2. b 3. a 4. c 5. c

B.Pros:

a.It is the only alternative when fossil fuel is running out.

b.It can produce electricity for our daily use.

c.Working at a nuclear power station is far safer than working down a coal-mine or

on a North Sea oil-rig.

d.It can create its own fuel and burn its wast

Cons:

a. Nobody can imagine what will happen if there is a nuclear accident.

b. Radioactivity causes cancer and may affect future generations.

c. There is no technology for absolutely safe disposal of nuclear waste.

d. Terrorists could hold the nation to ransom if they captured a reactor.

e. Nuclear energy is expensive, dangerous, evil, and most of all, absolutely unnecessary.

C. 1. 450 years, 50 years, oil, 30 years

2. go back to the Stone Age, turn our backs on

3. active for thousands of years

4. 25 years, 26 ‘retired’ reactors

5. the sun, the waves, the wind, survive unless, working on,

6. and there are a lot of them about, none of us, at night

7. in the short-term; rely on; oil, coal and gas; conservation of present resources;

research into new forms of power

Section Two:

Task 1: The Years to Come (I)

A.1.b 2.a 3.c 4.a 5.c 6.b

B. 1.T 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.F 6.T 7.T 8.F

C. 1. 216,000; ninety percent; in the poorest countries

2. at least, alternative sources of energy

3. Due to, half of the population

4. species, the loss of their habitat

5. within five or ten years, save the earth

Task 2: The Years to Come (II)

A.1. A space station to be launched towards the end of the 1990s.

2. No, eleven other nations have agreed to contribute a few of the station’s many parts.

3. In the space.

4. Eight.

5. A dream that has been cherished for 120 years --- a colony in space.

6. Because they want to use the space station to discover how to establish healthy and

productive habitation in space.

B. a. a room for each crew member

b. a shower

c. a toilet

d. exercise equipment

e. a washing machine

f. a pantry

g. a sick bay

h. a television set

i. video

j. a telephone

k. a computer

C. 1. celestial body, a shining star, 38 degrees north or south of the equator

2. Twenty trips, two rockets, piece by piece, a low orbit

3. 250 miles above the Earth, bolt together, many components, batch of parts, in 1995 Section Three:

Recognizing the Main Idea:

1.I shall return.

2.Hoping for a country of equality

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/903327637.html,memorating a person

4.I won’t send you to any foreign wars.

5.Why I resign

6.I’m innocent of the charges against me.

Lesson 19

Section one

Task 1:

A: 1. a 2. c 3. c

1.to live and relax in, living in the cramped little houses and flats, the Second World War

2.are growing up, and very small children demand a room of their own

3.may demand an extra room to treat their friends privately

4.restaurant and transport, people are beginning to entertain and dine at home, which

requires a larger dinning room

1. a. situated in the business heart of the city so quiet and fairly free from traffic in the

evenings.

b. several theaters opened recently

c. suitable for those who like living high up since accommodation being situated mostly is tower blocks

2. a. favored mostly by upper middle class families who prefer a detached house.

b. a walled garden surrounding the house and ensuring privacy

3. a. suitable for those who are not interested in gardening

b. grand mansions to be chosen

c. a wonderful view of the Thames

d. only a few minutes away from London’s theaters and shops

Task 2:

1.She is the First Lady of Jazz, the greatest blues singer the world has ever before.

2.To learn dancing. But she failed.

3.All by accident. A pianist discovered her talent.

4.no, at first she had to learn a lot to because a professional musician; then she has to

know a lot about the public and changing fashions in order to keep her top position.

5.She chooses what she wants to sing. Anything she does sing is a part of her life.

6.She feels she has always been her true self in her music. And she’s singing from deep

down inside herself.

B: 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. F 6. 6 7. T 8.T

1.slower, lighter, how I feel, the same way twice, a mixed up sort of thing.

2.stay at the top, out of work, back on the streets, you started from

3.up to a point.

4.made a fortune from my music, any damn thing

Section two:

Task 1: Setting up a home computer

A: 1. b 2. a 3. c 4. a

B: 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5.F 6. T

Task 2: My computer makes me sick

A: 1. c 2. a 3. c 4. b

1.NO, but statistic figures at least suggest that there is a cause of alarm.

2.The terminal should be placed where there is another source of light; no blank wall

behind the terminal so that the operator has a chance to rest from time to time, get up regularly and walk about the room.

3.Those who use computers for interest or pleasure in their own homes.

4. a. constipation because of long hours spend in sedentary inactivity;

b. backache due to crouching over an inconveniently positioned key board

c. a general sense of fatigue owing to having puzzled over a problem for longer than

was sensible.

5.The condition worsened.

6.Because of the electrostatic field of the video screen attracting dust from the atmosphere,

which irritates exposed skin.

7. A generation of short-sighted, constipated, hunched migraine sufferers with skin

problems and circulatory troubles.

1.there is an alternative source of light from that of the screen.

2.frequently, if possible, by looking at something in the distance to give them a change

from the close focus used on the screen.

3.the screen is properly tuned, for a shaky or fuzzy image can cause nausea or headaches.

4.and working area are so designed that you are sitting in a comfortable position, not

screwed up or bent over.

5.regularly and walk about the room. Better go out into the fresh air occasionally.

1. working capacity, intellectual capacity, dangers, benefits

2. the UK, 800 pregnant women, computer terminals, a major part, no less than 36%, severe abnormality

3. control group, the same age, computer terminals, severe abnormalities, 16%

Section three: note-taking (omitted)

Section III

Study skills: Note-taking 3

Main ideas and Supporting Details:

A.Suggested Abbreviations:

heart disease: heart dis. cholesterol: chol. Cigarette: cigat. exercise: ex. especially: esp. similarity: simty. difference: diffr. financial: finan. responsibility: respty. hostility: hosty.

B.The main idea and supporting details of each paragraph you’ve heard.

1.Main idea: companions to heart dis.

Supporting details: a. high level of fat and chol in the diet

b. cigat. Smoking

c. physical inactivity

d. over weight

e. high blood pressure

1.Main idea: Bert’s life after work

Supporting details: a. physical ex.

b. reading (1) history (2) historical novels

c. gardening

d. fixing things around the house —a complete tool collection

2.Main idea: simities. & differs. Between Adam & Bert

a.simties (supporting details)

(1)married

(2)grown children

(3)in mid-50s

(4)successful in business careers

(5)hard workers

(6)in a position of finan. Security & respty. In their jobs

(7)professional lives not easy

b.diffrs. (supporting details)

(1)For Adam: life—full of tension & hosty.

(2)For Bert: life—more enjoyable

3.main idea: Adam’s use of time

Supporting details: a. fighting time

b. if delays in schedule, angry & hostile

c. resents people not on time & not moving as quickly

d. fill up every minute with productive activity

Lesson 20

Section one:

Task 1: Fixing an appointment

A. 1 a 2 c 3 b

B. 1. the last short-list interview,

to dine with the Japanese agent,

a meeting with the lawyer about planning permission

a tutorial with Maria Rosa

2. a committer meeting

Business with the examining board

A meeting with Johan Blun’s parents

C: 1. is to be postponed to Wednesday or later in the week

2. is to be put off till Wednesday morning

3. at 2.30 on Monday afternoon

Task 2: Last of the airships

A: 1. c 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. c

B: 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. T 7. T 8.T

C: 1. 97, 35, 62

2. 50, 25

3. 245, 41, 125km/hr, less than half the time

4. 1,000 passengers, circus animals and cars, 1937

5. 1.5 million, 13,100

D: 1. was pressurized in order to prevent gas from ever entering it.

2. were chained to the tables

3. were searched for matches before entering the ship

4. was made of special materials, which had been chosen to minimize the possibility of accidental sparks, which might cause an explosion.

Section two

Task 1: Looking for a flat

A: 1. she is trying to find a flat in the advertisements in those newspapers.

2. No, she is going to share it with two other girls.

3. Because Peggy and her roommates would be out all day.

4. Because they wouln’t have to walk at all and would get to work quickly

5. Because they are the girls who will share the flat with Peggy.

B: 1. a kitchen and a bathroom, two bedrooms and a sitting room.

2.￡21 a week, ￡for each

3. on the No. 10 Bus in Woodside Road

Task 2: Moving in

A: 1. a 2. c 3. b 4. b 5. a 6. a 7. c

B: two chairs, one bed, a wardrobe, a desk, the chest of drawers, the stereo, the amplifier, the TV set, two speakers, the bookcase, the table lamp

C: 1. a bad size room

2. on earth, nothing much, most of it out, hurts

3. you mean, enough space, two feet, stick out too much

4. sort that out

Section three

1. Landsats used to find fresh water

a. in dry area: black=water, red =healthy plants

b. save time by looking at photos

2. 5th sue: warn us of natural disas.

a. forest fires

b. melting ice near the N & S poles

c. lines where ethqs. might happens

3. solar energy

a. clean & unoimited

b. solar energy on US: 700 times our consp.

c. fe

d. Go

e. Spending mns. of dollars to change sunshine into ecol. energy

d. y. 2000: solar techgy. supplying 25 %. Of us energy needs.

4. cost of solar heating system

a. cost: all parts & their instl.

b. cost for a 3-bedroom house: $7,000 to $12,000

c. one-time cost financed over many years

d. more exp. Than heating with oil at present prices.

Lesson 21

Section I

Task 1: Talking about television

A: 1. c 2. a 3. c

B: 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. T 7. F 8. F

C: 1. a bit of

2. came on, over, protest

3. a shame, switch on

4. turned over

Task 2: Games

A: 1. c 2. a 3. c

B: 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. T 7. T

C: Harry Carter: 2, 3, 5; Mark Smith: 1, 4, 6

D: 1. just shakes, in bewilderment, finish it off

2. in with a good chance

3. nervous against, took the lead

4. have a quick work with

Section two

A: 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. c

B: 1. totally opposed to reducing the size of the Olympic Games in any way at all.

2. in favor of removing from the Games those sports which are well resented in other

international contests in the media, such as boxing and football

3. a. attention to be focused on the more unusual sports which do not normally gain so

much international attention

b. in favor of a true test of individual stamina instead of skills

4. agreeing to keep some of the team games

C: 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. F

D: 1. boxing; 2. football; 3. fencing; 4. archery; 5. hockey; 6. sailing

7. pentathlon; 8. canoeing; 9. basketball; 10. volleyball

E: 1. reject, out of hand, discuss it

2. in terms of, financial demands, subjected to

3. soar phenomenally, state

4. am inclined

5. horse-riding, axe

6. strand of thought, individual excellence, cutting out, featured

Section three

1. Houses were not perm.

a. summer: mesa top, made of poles & brush

b. winter: caves in cliffs for warmth & prot

2. experimenting with potting

a. mixed clay with water: fell apart when dried

b. added grass, straw or pieces of bark to clay: full of holes when burnt

c. added sand or volcanic grit to clay, baked: success

3. advantages of pots

a. added beans to diet

b. stored food & water over long periods

c. life easier, effort spent on other devlps.

4. improvement in housing

a. one-story row house

b. made of stone

c. forming a village: several hun

d. Rooms with 1,000 people

d. these houses & Indians: Pueblo = village in Spanish

Section one: Class in Britain and America

A: 1. c 2. b 3. c 4. c 5. a

B: 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T

1. really stick together, in the middle of , muddy fields, came upon, 9,000 Range Rovers

2. a very point, in fact, fitting into either of these two extremes

3. the upper class, extraordinary, totally uninhibited, passing moral judgments on them Section two

Task 1: Autobiography: Seminole Girl (I)

A: 1. a 2. c 3. a 4. c

1.He was the only person outside her family who helped her and encouraged her to get an

education.

2.She graduated from it as one of the first two Indians pupils in that school.

3.She learned bookkeeping.

4.She was suspicious of the speaker at first but began to trust her gradually.

5.She felt hurt and hard being an Indian.

C: 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F

Task 2: Autobiography: Seminole Girl (II)

A: 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. c 5. a

B: 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. T 7. F 8. T

1.upset, jump at the change to come back

2.work out, failed, I would really feel bad

3.important, what I look for in a friend, their education, for enjoyment of, understanding

4.understand, on the outside, enough to be friends

Section three

1. Causes of the f. concl.

a. science students: scient. Terms ----non meaning

b. way st’s taught Eng. E.g. list of vocab.

2. every word with exact transl. equiv. in their own lang.

a. no equiv. word need phrase

b. 1 word in st’s lang. : 2 words in Eng. E.g. do & make

c. meaning covered by 1 word in st’s lang.: wider or narrower than Eng. E.g. color

d. translation =diff. to do well; can’t be done by match single words

e.g. computer scientists

3. best way to increase vocab.

a. observation: unknown word, observed in context

b. imitation: use word in appro. Context

c. repetition: make it enter st’s active vocab.

Section I

Task !: Finding a Job

1. Pamela Gable

2. 147Collington Road, Croydon

3. 2468008

4. July 8. 1963

5. personal assistant to the manager of a modeling agency

6. French and Italian

7. none

8.8,000 pounds

a. keeping the accounts

b. writing the letters

c. answering the telephone

d. looking after bookings and engagements

e. taking care of all the models who work for the agency

f. keeping those models happy, lending an understanding ear to their heartaches

a. meeting people

b. transporting them from one point to another

c. making sure they are comfortable

d. a bit of telephoning

3. TFFTFFT

Task 2: Hpnosis

A.: abacb

B. TFFFTFT

1. her eighth birthday

2. a Tuesday

3. those who were present

4. the names of those present

5. the clothes those present wore

6. the presents she received

7. her address at that time

1. In order to reach a person’s mind; as much as possible; concentrate; my voice

2. not to think about; just to accept it

3.rely on the thinking of a clock,; boring, repetitive sounds; stare at some subjects in the room

4. back to their first year

Section II

A.caabc

B.FTTFTT

C.(1) d (2)c (3)a, b

1.few months alone; 250 c.v.s.; 80 percent; inadequate in a way

2.condense; go too far the other way; my recruiting role; thirty pages long

3.unreadable; the essence of ; neat, legible; accurate

4.have no place in letters of application; hearing about; stated, quite bluntly; more money

to pay; No boss; such directness

Section III

1. Answer: main idea with supporting details;

Reason: “we may note” for main idea

“he once said’ & “once” for supporting details

2. Answer: main idea

Reason: the first important point to note

3. Answer: supporting detail

Reason “a good illustration of”

4. Answer: main idea

Reason: “what I want to emphasize to you is this”

Lesson 24

Section I

Task 1: I.Q. Tests

A.abbbca

B.TTFF

1. are not easy to measure; appreciated

2. spotted sufficiently early; developed; in my view; unhappy adults; they are best at

3. never get the chance; an instrument; artists; composers; pleasure and satisfaction; tunes; in key

Task 2

a a hobby that a child takes pleasure in

b. a child’s vocabulary

c. a child’s language

d. a child’s experience

e. children to become independent in life

B. TFFTTF

1. mystery books

2. science fiction

3. newspapers and magazines

4. signs

5. textbooks

6. comic books

.a poor student; a comic book; he’s reading something; the back of the cereal box; wouldn’t take it away; a step to go on; limit; certain areas; stifle; stop reading completely

Section II

Task 1

A.acbba

B.TFF

C. A mathematical way; are related to each other; good at one; good at the other; poor at

one; poor at the other; they are not related to each other; go together; has nothing to do with

Task 2

A.cbaa

B.FTTFFTT

Section III

1.Main idea: “this is an important point”

2.supporting detail: “one of the most dramatic example of”

3.digression

“by the way”

4.digression

“although it is not strictly related to our topic”

Lesson 25

Section One

1. Italy and France.

2. A camping holiday.

3. The tickets, traveler’s checks, all the currency, passports, tickets for the boat, and a card.

4. At the campsite.

5. With this card, she could get reduced rates for becoming a member of a camping club.

6. No, not at all.

7. Yes.

8. The two brothers at the cycle repair shop.

B. TTFFFFTF

1. Having a lot of trouble finding the passports and this and that.

2. Fueling their car.

3. Finding their money, traveler’s checks and passports missing.

4. Asking the officer for help.

5. Dist racting the man’s attention and searching through the papers for the folder.

6. Managing to discover what an old lady was sitting on.

7. Recovering what they had lost.

Section Two

Task 1: parking in London

A.baca

B.FTT FFF

C. 1. dying to tell

2. sensible, on the outskirts of

3. cross

4. went on and on at

Task 2

A.baccb

B.TFTTT FT

C. 1. has quite a hold on

2. the powered remains of the dead Egyptians, many magical soells

3. their curiosity and their consciences

Section Three

Study Skills: Note-0taking 4

A.cbcaba

B.number; no. credential: cred. over: + equipment’ equip.

burglary; burg electrical: elect previous jewellery: jewl

C.Title: burglaries

I. A. about every two minutes

B. no. of burg. rise by about 50,000 or 40,000 this y.

C. last y. household burg. losses rise by 27% over the previous y. to 139.2 mm. pounds.

II.

A. when you are out or away, or be careless about security

1. lock or close doors & windows

2. less than 20 minutes

1. a. milk bottles left on the doorstep

b. papers by the front door

c. garage doors wide open

d. curtains drawn in the daytime & undrawn at night

2. a programmed time-switch

1. their cred.

2. don’t let then in

1. serial nos. on elect. equip. radios, TVs.

2. valuable jewl. antiques or pictures

E. Crime prevention office, further tips

III. cost of security systems and value of property to be protected

Lesson 16

BBC interviewer: It's probably true to say that women have been affected more than men by recent changes in the way we actually live. Over a hundred years ago people began to question whether men were really so much wiser, stronger, altogether more sensible and simply better than women as the laws of the country made out. In the end women got the vote, and very recently—in 1975—the Sex Discrimination Act was passed.

But it's doubtful whether legislation has changed the way we women actually think.

A lot is heard about the dilemma of women's two roles. How can a woman be a wife and mother and have a full-time job as well?

In this new series we are going to try to find out what people are really thinking and feeling about this problem, and how it affects their personal lives. In the studio with me today is Mrs. Marina Spiden, who recently experienced the problem of having too much to do at home. With Mrs. Spiden are her husband Brian, her mother Mrs. Vera Cresswell and Mr. Tom Penman, their local newsagent. Mrs. Spiden ... tell us what happened will you?

Mrs. Spiden: Well ... you just said it ... the problem of having too much to do at home.

I do an afternoon job so I have to get the housework and shopping ... er ... done in the morning. And one morning you see ... er ... I just couldn't stand it no more. The ... the baby was bawling her head off. Jimmy—that's my little boy ... he's two—had thrown the radio out of the window ...

Interviewer: Really!

Mrs. Spiden: Yes really ... The dog ... you know ... had made a ... a mess on the carpet. And there was Brian—my husband—there he was snoring a way on the settee. Didn't lift a finger he didn't ... not a finger to help me.

Mr. Spiden: Now now love ... Don't get all her up about it again ... I mean that's your side of the story ...

Interviewer: Of course Mr. Spiden ... We'd like to hear your side later. So ... what did you do about it?

Mrs. Spiden: Well ... What do you do when you've got something you're fed up with or ... or ... you don't want like ... You put them up for sale don't you? And that's exactly what I did do. Put the whole damn lot of 'em up for sale.

Interviewer: The family you mean.

Mrs. Spiden: Yes ... the family ... including the dog.

Mr. Penman: She came into my shop that very day and 'Tom', she says, 'I've just about had enough of it. I'm sick of slaving for a husband what sleeps all day. So here you are,' she says. And she gives me an advert on a card to put up in the window of the paper shop.

Interviewer: What did it say?

Mr. Penman: I've got it here.

Interviewer: Read it for us will you?

Mr. Penman: 'For Sale—One house-trained dog, one reasonably trained boy of two years, one baby girl of two weeks and one man that needs training. Any offers considered. Apply within.'

Interviewer: And were there any offers?

Mrs Cresswell: It was me what wrote that advert. You see ... I live with Marina and Brian ...

Mr Spiden: She and her dog ...

Mr. Penman: Oh yes. Caused quite a stir it did. I should say I had inquiries from ... from about a couple of dozen housewives in all.

Interviewer: And what offers did they make?

Mr. Penman: Well one woman offered 25p. She said that's all a man was worth. Interviewer: What about you Mr. Spiden? What was your reaction to the advertisement?

Mr. Spiden: Well ... you can imagine ... My wife told me about it but I thought she was joking. Little did I realize ... I was bloody furious when I saw it there. It wasn't till next morning. We live upstairs of the paper shop and when I come down to go on my milk round ...

Interviewer: Yes of course ... you're a milkman ...

Mrs. Spiden: That's right. I often have a dekko at the adverts Tom puts up. And when I saw that one sort of ... staring me in the face ... I nearly blew me top.

Interviewer: What did you do?

Mrs. Cresswell: I'll tell you what he did. He came and blamed me for everything. Mr. Spiden: Well it was you ... wannit ... that egged her on. It was you that wrote the advert.

Mr. Penman: It was a big joke really. Just that Brian took it all the wrong way. Know

what he did? When he come off his milk round he barges into the shop and he says, 'Take that bloody advert out and put one in for me. Ask some kind taxi-driver or someone to come and take my mother-in-law back to Birmingham.'

Mr. Spiden: But it's all blown over now ... innit. It's done us a world of good in a way. We're the best of friends again. Even the dog started to ...

Interviewer: I'm going to talk to you now about the suffragette movement. Were you yourself ever a suffragette?

Mrs. Bruce: No, I did not approve of suffragettes. I did not want to have the vote. I felt the man of the house should be in charge of that section. And the woman, of course, to look after the home and the children. I think that voting was unnecessary, at that time. But I'm not going to say now, that perhaps it has had its advantages.

Interviewer: How common was your attitude at the time that the suffragettes were being militant?

Mrs. Bruce: Oh, I was very much against them. I'd be highly insulted if anybody called me a suffragette. I remember walking with my governess down Downing Street just past Number 10 and they chained themselves to the railings. Of course, I had a good laugh but I thought it wasn't going to be me.

Interviewer: Were they a popular movement in their day?

Mrs. Bruce: Well, with a certain number of course. And they tried very hard and eventually they got the vote, er through their efforts, so I suppose their efforts were good in quite a lot of ways. Er, I think women in Parliament—there aren't many, but those that've been there have done a lot of good.

Interviewer: So you think in the long term ...

Mrs. Bruce: In the long term, no harm was done. As long as their demonstrations were peaceful.

Interviewer: Do you think it would matter very much if women didn't, hadn't achieved the vote, if they hadn't got the vote at all and still didn't have it?

Mrs. Bruce: I don't think it would've made a great deal of difference, no, but there are certain things they've done—those that've been Members of Parliament—that have been very useful in helping women in their jobs, in other vocations. I think it's good that it happened. But I wish it happened a little bit more peacefully, perhaps. Interviewer: What sort of things can you remember, what other sorts of demonstrations do you remember?

Mrs. Bruce: Marching, they were marching. But of course those were much more peaceful days, nobody interfered with their marches. There were a few boos here and there and a lot of clapping. Yes.

Interviewer: Did you, did you actually know any suffragettes yourself?

Mrs. Bruce: Well, my friends, my close friends, were not suffragettes but I had one or two friends, not very close friends, that were. And we used to have great arguments and I used to say I didn't want the vote, I don't want to vote.

Interviewer: How did they react to that?

Mrs. Bruce: They didn't like that. They said I ought to join the movement but I said, no I don't want to vote.

Interviewer: But, and yet you've done so many exciting things. You've done so many things that in your day, were probably the exclusive preserve of the man

Mrs. Bruce: Well, yes. But voting didn't make any difference because that's a political thing, voting, I never, I don't care about women entering into politics particularly. Ah, no harm's been done with the few that have entered the House of Commons but, in fact, some have done a great deal of good. But that's quite different to beating men at their own job. Now that's nothing to do with votes. Now, for instance, I always got a great thrill on the race track at Brooklands, if I could beat, well, Sir Henry Seagrave, for instance, in a race, I never did beat him but I did beat Frazer Nash, a famous racing driver in a race, and I was thrilled to death. I thought that was super. Interviewer: So you don't mind actually joining men in their world of work and sport but you're happy to leave politics to them.

Mrs. Bruce: No. I would rather really leave politics to them.

Jan: Changes are very gradual. They're too slow. I mean if you sit under a tree long enough the apple'll fall off and you can eat it but sometimes you've got to stand up and do something. You've got to ... Um, I think the law is there to protect people. Because women were being discriminated against, it was necessary for the law to stop that, um, at least to some extent. But you can't change the way people think. Duncan: People's discrimination is based on the fact ... a lot of it, that they don't think women are capable of making decisions or have any intelligence at all. I mean a lot of people believe that ... and if that ... provided ... once that's proved wrong, that removes the valid grounds for the discrimination and you know you ... the belief is then unjustified. You've got to stamp it out. I mean, it's as simple as that.

Keith: But just in the same way that if I want to become a managing director, I have to look at the company in which I work and prove certain elements of my behaviour or ... or my skills to these people, so must women.

Jan: Yes, but if they're not given the chance, then how can they? I mean it's very sad that the law has to be there at all. I mean that you have to say to somebody who's employing someone you must give ... you must interview men and women ... it, it seems a great shame ... you have to tell people to do that. It's also a great shame that you have to tell people not to go around murdering other people. I mean, the law's there because people do stupid things.

Duncan: As I say, the law is ... is not that you have to sort of ... I mean you basically all

you have to do is give women the right to apply and the right to be considered in the same way as everybody else and if the law was effective as it should be, there'd be nothing wrong with that. I mean, what's wrong with giving women the chance to apply for a job and giving them the right to be considered on equal terms with men.

Keith: Women could always ... women could always apply.

Duncan: That's not true, though. I mean there are employers who just would not consider them.

David: A woman would not apply if the job was ... if the job advertisement was couched in such terms.

Keith: I mean ... the leading example ...

Duncan: I mean the whole point about the ... an advertisement asking for a draughtsman being against the terms of the act, is that it gives the imp ... it's implied that only men will be considered and that's why that would be a legal advertisement if you put at the bottom, um, applications from men and women will be considered ... the same with postmen and all the other jobs.

David: Interesting point. How important is the language, Jan, do you think?

Jan: I ... it's symbolic. Um, I personally don't find it particularly important. Er, if you have a meeting and you call the man or the woman who chairs the meeting the chairman, it just doesn't matter I don't think at all.

1. When a teacher or lecturer recommends a student to read a book it's usually for a particular purpose. The book may contain useful information about the topic being studied or it may be invaluable for the ideas or views that it puts forward, and so on. In many cases, the teacher doesn't suggest that the whole book should be read. In fact, he may just refer to a few pages which have a direct bearing on the matter being discussed.

2. On Many occasions, however, the student does not come to the library to borrow a book, or even to consult a book from the shelves. He may well come to the library because it provides a suitable working environment, which is free of charge, spacious, well-lit and adequately heated.

3. Learners of English usually find that writing is the most difficult skill they have to master. The majority of native speakers of English have to make an effort to write accurately and effectively even on those subjects which they know very well. The non-native learner, then, is trying to do something that the average native speaker often finds difficult himself.

4. Students, however, often work out a sentence in their own language and then try to translate it in this way. The result is that very often the reader simply cannot understand what the student has written. The individual words, or odd phrases, may make sense but the sentence as a whole makes nonsense. The student should, therefore, always try to employ sentence patterns he knows are correct English.

5. Many students seem to think that simplicity is suspect. It is, on the contrary, a quality which is much admired in English. Most readers understand that a difficult subject can only be written up 'simply' if the writer understands it very well. A student should, therefore, organize all his points very carefully before he starts to write.

6. Non-native speakers of English, like their native counterparts, usually find that the opportunity to participate in group discussions is one of the most valuable aspects in their whole academic programme. But in order to obtain full value from this type of activity the student must be proficient in asking questions. If he isn't, then any attempt to resolve his difficulties may lead to further confusion, if not considerable embarrassment.

Lesson 17

Here is a summary of the news.

Shots are fired in a south London street by escaping bank robbers.

Four rock fans die in a stampede at a concert Chicago.

And how an Air France Concorde was involved in the closest recorded miss in aviation history?

Shots were fired this morning in the course of an 80 m.p.h. chase along Brixton High Road in London. A police constable was injured by flying glass when a bullet shattered his windscreen as he was pursuing a car containing four men who had earlier raided a branch of Barclays Bank at Stockwell. Police Constable Robert Cranley had been patrolling near the bank when the alarm was given. The raiders made their getaway in a stolen Jaguar which was later found abandoned in Croydon. Officials of the bank later announced that ￡16,000 had been stolen.

Four people were killed and more than fifty injured when fans rushed to get into a stadium in Chicago yesterday where the British pop group Fantasy were giving a concert. The incident occurred when gates were opened to admit a huge crowd of young people waiting outside the stadium for the sale of unreserved seat tickets. People were knocked over in the rush and trampled underfoot as the crowd surged forward. The concert later went ahead as planned with Fantasy unaware of what had happened. A police spokesman said that they had decided to allow the concert to proceed in order to avoid further trouble. There has been criticism of the concert organizers for not ensuring that all the tickets were sold in advance. Roy Thompson, leader of Fantasy, said afterwards that the whole group was 'shattered' when they heard what had happened. They are now considering calling off the rest of their United States tour.

The United States Air Force has admitted that a formation of its fighters and an Air France Concorde recently missed colliding by as little as 10 feet. The Air Force accepts the blame for what was the closest recorded miss in aviation history. According to the Air Force spokesman, when the Concorde was already 70 miles out over the Atlantic, on a scheduled flight to Paris from Dulles International Airport, Washington, four US Air Force F-15s approached at speed from the left. The lead plane missed the underside of Concorde's nose by 10 feet while another passed only 15 feet in front of the cockpit.