高一英语必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars人教

高一英语必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars人教实验版

【本讲教育信息】

一、教学内容

必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars

（一）重点单词

（二）重点短语

（三）重（难）点句型

二、知识精讲

（一）重点单词

1. system n.[c] 系统；体系；制度systematic adj.

He created a new system of teaching foreign languages.

他创造了一种新的外语教学体系。

The new system has had a disastrous effect on productivity.

新制度对生产率产生了灾难性的影响。

Too much alcohol is bad for the system.

过量饮酒对身体有害。

theory n.学说；理论theoretic adj.

There are many theories about the origin of life.

关于生命起源的学说有很多。

In this way they can better apply theory to practice.

这样他们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。

Your plan sounds fine in theory it doesn’t work in practice.

你的计划在理论上听起来不错，但在实践中无法实施。

2. violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；粗暴的violence n.

They are launching a violent attack on the enemy.

他们对敌人展开了猛烈的进攻。

The class was shocked by his violent language.

全班同学对他激烈的言辞感到震惊。

Children should not be allowed to watch violent movies.

不应允许儿童看暴力电影。

The young man was charged with robbery with violence.

这个年轻人被控暴力抢劫。

3. unlike

（1）prep. 与……不像，与……不同

Unlike his brother, he has a sense of humor.

与他的兄弟不同，他很有幽默感。

It’s unlike you not to say hello.

连招呼都不打，这可不像是你（的作风）。

（2）adj. 不同的, 相异的, 不相似的

They give unlike accounts of the incident.

他们对这件事的描述各不相同。

4. fundamental adj. 基本的；基础的；必要的

There is a fundamental difference in attitude between the two politicians.

这两位政治家的态度有着根本区别。

Fresh air is fundamental to good health.

新鲜空气对健康是不可缺少的。

5. harmful adj. 对……有害的harmless adj.

It is obvious that smoking is harmful to health.

很显然，吸烟对健康有害。

知识拓展

harm n. 损害, 危害, 伤害；vt. (使)受到损害, 伤害

Excessive drinking will be harmful to you. /do you harm. / do harm to you. / harm you. 过量饮酒对身体有害。

6. exist vi. 存在；生存existence n. 存在

Man can’t exist without oxygen .人没有氧气就不能生存。

I can hardly exist on the wage I’ m getting.

我靠我挣的工资简直难以糊口。

There exists a good way to solve the existing problem.

有一个解决目前问题的好办法。

No one knows how this world came into existence。

没有人知道这个世界是怎样形成的。

7. puzzle

（1）n. 谜，难题；令人费解的事[人]

Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.

他们为什么干那件事仍然让我费解。

It’s a quite puzzle to us why he did it.

他为何做这样的事，我们完全搞不懂。

（2）vi. & vt. (使)迷惑；（使）为难

What puzzled me was why they didn’t take her advice.

他们为什么不接受她的建议，这使我大惑不解。

知识拓展

puzzling 令人困惑的puzzled 感到困惑的

We felt puzzled at these puzzling questions.

我们对这些令人困惑的问题感到茫然。

即学即用

①At last, I made up my mind to speak the truth ______of the whole class.

A. in the present

B. at the present

C. in the presence

D. at the presence

②They had a ______ quarrel and John stormed out.

A. violent

B. cruel

C. strong C. harmful

③His new novel is ______all his previous ones.

A. unlike

B. not likely

C. unlikely

D. likely

④Judging from his ______look , this problem must be quite ______.

A. puzzling; puzzling

B. puzzled; puzzled

C. puzzling; puzzled

D. puzzled; puzzling

⑤We don’t own the building. _____, it would be impossible for us to make any major changes to it.

A. Thus

B. Yet

C. Still

D. Even

⑥A strange virus struck my computer _____so that it broke down.

A. design

B. system

C. theory

D. instrument

⑦A truck went out of control and ______into the back of a bus.

A. cracked

B. crashed

C. broke

D. burst

⑧Scientists are not sure about the _____of water on Mars.

A. appearance

B. existence

C. connection

D. possibility

（二）重点短语

1. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapor and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.

最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。

△ in time及时；最终；迟早

If you keep on, you will succeed in time.

如果坚持下去，你迟早会成功的。

The storm was to stop in time before the sports meeting.

暴风雨终于在运动会开始前停下来了。

He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time.

他设法把游客及时送到了机场。

The doctor came in time to save his life.

医生及时赶到救了他的命。

Will we be in time for the six o’clock train?

我们来得及赶上六点钟的那趟火车吗？

知识拓展

常与time搭配的短语还有

The company fired him for not coming to work on time.

那家公司因他不按时上班而解雇了他。

I’ll be back in no time.我马上就回来。

Take the pills two at a time.每次服两粒。

He was at one time a professor in that university.

他一度是那所大学的教授。

Everyone may make mistakes at times.

每个人都会不时的犯错误。

They finished the work ahead of time.

他们提前完成了工作。

She’s staying with her aunt for the time being.

她暂时住在她姨妈那里。

Take your time packing, for we still have one and a half hour.

慢慢整理你的行李, 我们还有一个半小时的时间。

2. Thus they have, in their turn , become the most important animals on the planet.

于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。

△ in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着

Tomorrow, in his turn, he will be on duty.

明天轮到他值班了。

知识拓展

常与turn 搭配的短语还有：

We drove the car by turns / in turn.

= We took turns to drive the car.

我们轮流开车。

All theories are derived from practice and in turn serve practice.

所有理论来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。

It’s my turn to give a speech today.

今天轮到我发言了。

3. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping the earth into space. △prevent…from阻止，制止

No one can prevent the plan from being carried out.

谁也不能阻止这个计划的实施。

His back injury may prevent him from playing in tomorrow’s game.

他背部的伤可能使他参加不了明天的比赛。

知识拓展

“阻止某人干某事”常见的英语表达法：

Doctors took action to prevent/stop/keep the disease from spreading.

= The disease is prevented / stopped / kept from spreading.

医生采取措施防止这种疾病的蔓延。

注意: prevent / stop sb. from doing sth.中的from可以省略, keep sb. from doing sth.中的from不可省略；但如在被动语态中，三个词组中的from都不可以省略.

辨析：

prevent…from / protect …from

He put on his sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.

他戴上太阳镜保护眼睛不受强光的伤害。

4. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.

所以在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。

△ depend on /upon取决于、依赖、信赖、信任

All living things depend on the sun for their growth.

万物生长靠太阳。

Whether the game will be played depends on the weather.

比赛是否举行要视天气情况而定。

We can depend on him for help.

我们可以指望他帮忙。

You can depend on me to go / my going there with you.

你可以指望我和你一起去那里。

You can depend on it that he will help us.

你要相信他会帮我们的。

知识拓展

It/That (all) depends. 很难说，视情况而定

—Will you come back this afternoon? 你今天下午回来吗？

—It all depends. 说不准。

5. I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth becoming smaller and the moon larger.

我立刻欢呼起来，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着地球越来越小，而月球越来越大。

△ cheer up (使)高兴起来, (使)振作起来

The news cheered him up.这消息使他高兴起来。

Cheer up! It can’t be as bad as all that.

振作起来!情况不会那么糟。

We all cheered up at the news of the successful launching of Chang’e I.

听到嫦娥一号发射成功的消息，我们都欢呼起来。

知识拓展

The crowd cheered the runners on.

人群对跑步者高喊加油。

6. Walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.

既然重力改变了，走路也的确需要练一练了。

△ now that 既然，由于，引导原因状语从句。that可以省略

Now that you have finished your work, you’d better have a rest.

既然你的工作已经做完了，你最好休息一下。

Now that you are ready, let’s start off at once.

既然你已经准备好了，让我们立刻出发吧。

知识拓展

Since everybody is here, we will begin the meeting.

既然大家都来了，我们开始开会。

7. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the space ship as the gravity increased. 我们惊奇地看到，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起来。

△ break out突然发生，爆发

A fire broke out in his house last night.

昨天夜里他家发生了一起火灾。

The Second World War broke out in September 1939.

第二次世界大战爆发于1939年9月。

知识拓展

辨析break out /happen/ take place / occur /come about

break out 多用于表示战争、火灾、疾病、疫情的突然爆发。

happen 普通用语，表示所发生的事带有偶然性、意外性，可用于happen to do 结构。take place 强调必然性或按计划、安排发生。

occur为正式用语，指具体事物时可以与happen互换，另外occur有“突然想起”之意。Whatever happens, we must keep calm. 不管发生什么事，我们都应保持镇定。

The war between the two countries broke out at last.

这两个国家之间的战争最终还是爆发了。

I hope this won’t occur again.

我希望不要再发生这种事情。

It occurred to me that I had left the door unlocked.

我突然想起忘记锁门了。

The evening party will take place on New Year’s Eve.

晚会将在除夕那天举行。

注意：以上这些单词和短语的主语都不可以是人，也不可以用于被动语态8. watch out 密切注视；当心；提防

Watch out! There’s a car coming. 小心! 汽车来了。

Watch out for the step. 当心台阶。

Watch out that you don’t get them into trouble.

当心别让他们陷入麻烦之中。

知识拓展

Do you mind watching over my bag while I go to the rest room?

我去趟卫生间，请你帮我照看一下包好吗？

本单元其他重要的短语

according to依据……，按照……

in all directions四面八方，各方面

fill…with用……填充

all sorts of 各种各样的

for the first time 第一次

lay eggs 下蛋

be different from 与……不同

give birth to 产生；分娩

as a result of由于……的结果

escape from从……逃跑

block out 挡住（光线）

have the chance to do sth. 有机会做某事

explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事

be off 出发，动身

get/ be close to 靠近，接近

get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解

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