NM300-2_2002
MERCOSUR STANDARD NM-300-2:2002
First edition
2002-12-30
Safety of toys
Part 2: Flammability
MERCOSUR
STANDARDIZATION
ASSOCIATION
Contents
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Definitions
4 Requirements
4.1 General
4.2 Beard, moustache, wigs, masks and other used products containing hair on the head and
other materials accessories
4.3 Fancy dress, including the head dress associates and other toys intended for clothes for
children (excluding products coated indicated in 4.2 and hats, paper
4.4 Toys intended to be entered by a child
4.5 Soft-filled toys
5 Test methods
5.1 General
5.2 Conditioning and the test chamber
5.3 Draws Test
5.4 Pre-treatment for fancy dress and toys where the child enters
5.5 Test relating to beards, moustaches, wigs, etc., made from hair, pile or material with
similar features (e.g. free-hanging ribbons, paper or cloth strands), which protrude less than or equal 50 mm from the surface of the toy, and full or partial molded head masks 5.6 Test relating to beards, moustaches, wigs, etc., made from hair, pile or material with
similar features (e.g. free-hanging ribbons, paper or cloth strands), which protrude less than 50 mm from the surface of the toy, and full or partial molded head masks
5.7 Tests on the toys and fancy dress when the child enters
5.8 Testing on soft toys
Annexes
A (normative) Description and construction of burner
B (informative) Bibliography
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Foreword The AMN – MERCOSUR Standardization Association – aims to promote and adopt the actions for the development and harmonization of standards under the Southern Common Market – MERCOSUR, and is integrated by the National Standardization Bodies of the member countries.
The AMN develops its standards activity through CSM – MERCOSUR Sectorial Committees – created to fields of action clearly defined.
The Draft MERCOSUR Standards, prepared under the CSM, are circulated to national voting through the Standards National bodies of member countries.
The publication as MERCOSUR Standard through MERCOSUR Standardization Association requires approval by consensus of its members.
This standard was developed by CSM 04 – MERCOSUR Sectorial Committee of Toys.
For the study of this MERCOSUR Standard Draft was taken as base –text the ISO 8124-2 - Safety of Toys – Part 2: Flammability
Under the CSM 04 this Standard circulated to assessment as standard design as MERCOSUR Standard Draft 04:00-001-2
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Introduction This MERCOSUR Standard is the Part 2 of Standard Security of toys. It is intended to remove the toys which exposes the child the danger of fire.
This part shall be read in conjunction with the Part 1.
During the preparation of this Standard, were considered toys in general and it was decided the case of products defined in the field of application.
This standard has the following parties:
- Part1: General, mechanical and physical properties;
- Part 2: Flammability;
- Part 3: Migration of certain elements;
- Part 4: Experimental sets for chemistry and related activities;
- Part 5: Chemical toys (sets) other than experimental sets;
- Part 6: Security of electric toys.
There are very few data on risks associated with the flammability of toys. There are much concern with regard to the risks observed, but little about the actual facts.
Over 80% of deaths of children by fire is due to asphyxiation by fumes. This Standard never had the Intention to address this aspect, as read strictly with the flammability of materials.
In any case, the percentage of materials toys fuels on the environment the child is insignificant when compared with that of other household materials, such as furniture, curtains, beds.
The objective of this part of standard is to address certain risks. Theoretically, all material burns, if exposed during a time enough to a power source (ignition). Therefore, it was decided to address the toys that:
a) are used clothing for children (dress fantasy), including specifically covers, dresses and similar items; b) the child can enter, such as tents and Houses toy;
c) the child can embrace (soft toys);
d) are used by children, in the form of masks, wigs, etc.
The risks to be addressed in such cases stem from the direct contact between the child and the product. When ignited, the material must burn with a speed of propagation of flame allowing the child remove, or drop free itself of the product, before they occur injuries serious.
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Safety of toys
Part 2: Flammability
1 Scope
1.1 This part of MERCOSUR standard specifies the categories of flammable materials that are prohibited in all toys, and requirements concerning flammability of certain toys when they are subjected to a minor source of ignition.
1.2 The test methods described in Clause 5 are used for the purposes of determining the flammability of toys under the particular test conditions specified. The test results thus obtained cannot be considered as providing an overall indication of the potential fire hazard of toys or materials when subjected to other sources of ignition.
1.3 This part includes general requirements relating to all toys and specific requirements and methods of test relating to the following toys, which are considered as being those presenting the greatest hazard: ? toys to be worn on the head: beards, moustaches, wigs, etc., made from hair , pile or material with
similar features;
? fancy costumes (for example, fantasy, cowboy, clothing of nurses), including dress, head and toys to
be dressed by a child (excluding coated products 4.2 and considered in the paper as hats, such as those distributed toast the surprise packages);
? toys that the child can come (for example, tents, toys, theatres, puppets, tents and Indian);
? toys with soft surface of plush or textiles, excluding dolls of body soft in the head and members which
are made entirely of polymer material, not textiles.
NOTE 1 – Additional requirements regarding the flammability of electric toys are specified in Part 6 Safety of electrical toys this MERCOSUR Standard.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of MERCOSUR Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of MERCOSUR standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of MERCOSUR maintain registers of currently valid standards. NM 300–1:2002 – Safety of toys – Part 1: General, mechanical and physical properties
NM 300–5:2002 – Safety of toys – Part 5: Chemical toys (sets) other than experimental sets
NM 300–6:2002 – Safety of toys – Part 6: Security of electric toys
ISO 2431:1993 – Paints and varnishes – Determination of flow time by use of flow cups
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3 Definitions For the purposes of this part of MERCOSUR standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
flammability
ability of a material or a product to burn with a flame under specified test conditions
3.2
flaming debris
material that becomes detached from the sample during the test procedure and continues to flame as it falls
3.3
self-extinguishable
the representative sample ignites, but subsequently it is extinguished before the second wire marker is cut (see 4.4)
3.4
representative sample
Each individual sample as it appears in the toy. When do not have a sufficient amount of material to produce a specimen of 80 mm x 600 mm, this material shall not be tested
3.5
hair
slender flexible fibres intended to represent hair (see 4.2)
3.6
soft toy
toys with body surfaces composed of flexible material or soft, filled with flexible material (such as grains of expanded polystyrene, polyester fibre or polyurethane foam) to allow easy compression of the body with the hand. They include toys with and without clothes
3.7
surface flash
rapid spread of flame over the surface of a material without ignition of its base structure at the same time 4 Requirements
4.1 General
The following materials shall not be used in the manufacture of toys.
a) celluloid (cellulose nitrate) and materials that show a similar behavior of celluloid in the fire (except
when used in varnish or paint);
b) materials with a surface that soft produce flash on the surface when approximate a flame.
Moreover, the toys shall not contain gases flammable, highly flammable liquid, highly flammable liquid, liquids and solids flammable, except:
a) flammable liquids, flammable gels and preparations supplied in sealed containers having a maximum
volume of 15 ml per container;
b) highly flammable liquids and flammable liquids being entirely retained within a porous material in
capillary channels of writing instruments;
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c) flammable liquids with a viscosity greater than 260 x 10?6 m2/s corresponding to a flow time of more
than 38 s when determined in accordance with ISO 2431:1993 using cup No. 6.
d) highly flammable liquids into products specified in Part 5 of this MERCOSUR Standard.
4.2 Beards, moustaches, wigs, masks and other used products containing hair on the head and other materials accessories
4.2.1 Beards, moustaches, Wigs, masks and other used products containing hair on the head, plush or other accessories (such as strings of paper) in which the hair, the plush or other material accessory has a length of 50 mm or more from the surface of the product, when tested according to the item
5.5, must have a continuing burning of not more than 2 s after having removed the flame.
In addition, if ignition occurs, the largest length of plush, hair or other unburnt accessories shall be: a) more than 50 % of the greatest initial length, when the initial length was 150 mm or more;
b) more than 25 % of the greatest initial length, when the initial length was less than 150 mm.
For wavy hair, the length shall be measured as the hair smooth. The article shall be as is used and tested under conditions less favourable, for example, with braids cut.
4.2.2 Beards, moustaches, Wigs, masks and other used products containing hair on the head, plush or other accessories (such as strings of paper) except to those used for subject, with length less than 50 mm from the surface of the product when tested in accordance with
5.6, must have a duration of combustion less than or equal to 2 s (after removal of the flame) and the maximum size of the area not burned shall have more than 70 mm, measured from the point of application of the flame.
Are excluded partial masks of cardboard without plush, hair or other accessories (except those used to sustain the toys), except those in which the distance between the centre of eyes and the top of the mask is greater than 130 mm.
4.3 Fancy dress, including dress, head associated and other toys to be dressed by children (excluding products coated indicated at 4.2 and hats of paper)
When these toys are tested in accordance with 5.7, the rate of spread of flame shall be less than or equal to 30 mm/s.
If the rate of spread of flame is between 10 mm / s to 30 mm / s, both as the toy the package must be marked with the following warning:
"CAUTION! STAY AWAY OF FIRE"
4.4 Toys intended to be entered by a child
When representative samples of toys were tested in accordance with 5.7, the speed spread of flame shall be less or equal to 30 mm / s.
If the present speed representative sample spread of flame more than 20 mm / s, not must disperse fragments into flame (see 3.2).
If the representative sample is self-extinguishable (see 3.3), it is considered that the sample was approved in the test.
If the rate of spread of flame is between 10 mm / s to 30 mm / s, both as the toy the package must be marked with the following warning:
"CAUTION! STAY AWAY OF FIRE"
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4.5 Soft-filled toys The requirements for this section shall not apply to toys maximum dimensions of equal or smaller than 150 mm .
When soft toys are tested (worms, dolls, etc., excluding, however, dolls with heads and members made of material non-woven polymer) with surface soft (for example, velvet, plush, imitation of skin) or textile surface, must not have a speed of spread of flame on the surface greater than 30 mm / s, during the test described in 5.8.
A toy shall be tested in the way it is available for marketing, including all the clothes that accompanies the toy, and if applicable, with the clothes removed, the removal can be done without damage to clothes or toys.
5 Test methods
5.1 General
When there is insufficient material to extract a complete sample to be tested for 80 mm x 600 mm in size, this material is not tested. Sections 5.2 to 5.4 apply to test methods described in 5.5 to 5.8.
5.2 Conditioning and the test chamber
5.2.1 Before each test, toys or samples must be conditioned for at least 7 am in an atmosphere that has a temperature, (20 ± 5) ° C and a relative humidity of (65 ± 5)%.
5.2.2 To ensure the safety of staff and good practice of testing, perform the tests in a chamber test in which the movement of air is less than 0.2 m / s at the beginning of the trial and that is not affected by the operation of mechanical in the meantime. It is essential that the volume of air in a test chamber is not affected by a reduction in the level of concentration of oxygen. When you use a camera in front open, ensure that the sample testing has at least 300 mm away from the chamber walls. Keep the camera in temperature of 10oC to 30 ° C and a relative humidity of 15% to 80% prior to conducting the test.
5.2.3 Test the samples within 2 minutes after removal of conditioning atmosphere
5.3 Test flame
The flame test is obtained from a burner as described in Annex A using butane gas or propane, as appropriate. The height of the flame is measured with the burner upright, from the end of the tube burner until the tip of the flame.
5.4 Pre-treatment for fancy dress and toys where the child enters
5.4.1 Each test must be done in a toy new as provided for marketing or a sample obtained from such toys. If the Manufacturer:
a) indicate that the toy shall not be washed, shall not be washed or wet before the test;
b) recommend a method of washing or cleaning, the toy shall be treated in accordance with these
recommendations;
c) does not give any information related to washing or cleaning, toys shall be treated, before the test, as
follows.
5.4.2 Immersed in a container containing the toy water (approximately 20° C) in a proportion at least 1:20, mass toy (in g) for volume of water (in ml), and let stand for 10 minutes.
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Drain and repeat the procedure twice. Rinse, diving into the toy water demineralized for 2 min. Drain and dry by an appropriate method to the toy and when appropriate, restore the plush, leaving it the most close as possible to its original condition
5.5 Test on beards, moustaches, Wigs, masks and other products used in the head containing hair or other accessories that have length greater than 50 mm from the surface of the product
5.5.1 Measure the length of the plush, hair or other accessory. Positioning the toy so that the greater length of the plush, hair or other accessory is upright or more next possible.
5.5.2 With the burner in a vertical position, apply flames of testing (20 ± 2) mm high for 2 s on the lowest edge of the plush, hair or other accessory of the toy, so the flame that penetrates the element by 10 mm; approximately.
5.5.3 If the burning occurs, time measurement of persistence of flame and the lowest length of plush, hair or other accessory not burned.
5.6 Test on beards, moustaches, wigs, masks and other products used in the head containing hair or other accessories that have length less than 50 mm to from the surface of the product
5.6.1 Position the toy vertically.
5.6.2 With the height of the flame of (20 ± 2) mm; determined upright, place the burner at an angle of 45° and apply the flame Test the toy for 5 s so that the flame establish contact at least 20 mm above the bottom edge, and the distance between the end the burner, far from its center, and the surface the toy is (5 ± 1 mm).
5.6.3 If the burning occurs, time measurement of persistence of flame and the maximum vertical distance between the top edge of the area and burned point of application of the flame.
5.7 Test on fancy dress and the toys where the child enters
5.7.1 Cut a representative sample of the toy and tested in the position where it is in the toy (for example, cut the whole length of a leg of the pants, when the child is standing).
5.7.2 The support of the sample consists of two sheet metal U-shaped in size Internal of 600 mm x 80 mm. Extend the sample along the first plate, place the second plate on top and set them in order to arrest the sample. Cut any excess of the sample at the ends of the bracket, so that the ends of the sample and support are aligned (see Figure 1). The second board or plate the top has located the points of attachment 50 mm to 550 mm and the open end.
5.7.3 Clamp the end of a 100% cotton yarn (mercerized cotton yarn white with density Linear 50 tex) to one of the points of attachment, then tense through the sample until the other point of fixing a device to indicate when the wire is cut. Repeat the procedure in the second the attachment point with one second wire marker.
NOTE 2 – Can a direct link with a stopwatch or a visual indication as weights to fall.
5.7.4
The wire shall be less than 2 mm from the surface the sample. 5.7.5 Place the sample in U-shaped (45 ± 1)o of the horizontal.
5.7.6 With the burner in a vertical position, apply flames of testing (40 ± 3) mm at the edge of sample so that the distance between the border and top of the burner is (30 ± 2) mm. Apply to flame during (10 ± 1) s to more flammable material, as pre-determined.
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5.7.7 Observe if flash occurs on the surface. 5.7.8 To determine the rate of spread of draws from the interval, the cutting of the first wire marker until the second wire marker.
5.7.9 If the material does not ignite in (10 ± 1) s, discontinue the test, it is considered that material was approved in the trial.
5.7.10
If the surface material has not identical, tested both sides.
Figure 1 — Test relating to flowing elements of toys to be worn on the head (except those covered by 4.2.2 and 4.2.3), hoods, head-dresses, fabric masks which partially or fully cover the head, toy disguise costumes, toys intended to be worn by a child in a play and toys intended to be entered
by a child
5.8 Test on soft toys
5.8.1 Positioning the toy vertically, that is, with the head at point higher.
NOTE 3 – If possible more than one direction, due choose the less favourable position.
5.8.2 With the burner at 45°, apply a flame the test of (20 ± 2) mm high on toy for 3 s, so that the distance between the edge the tube burner and the toy is approximately 5 mm and the flame down contact with the toy between 20 mm and 50 mm above the bottom edge of the more flammable material, as determined above.
5.8.3 After removing the flame, time measurement consumed by the flame that spreads by surface of the toy across the distance between the tip of application of flame and the top edge toy.
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Annex A
(normative)
Description and construction of burner 1) A.1 Description
The burner provides a flame in size appropriate, with adjustable height of 10 mm up to 60 mm.
A.2 Construction
The construction of the burner is presented in Figure A.1 (a). The burner has three shares seq.
A.2.1 Gas injector
The diameter of the orifice of the gas injector [see Figure A.1 (b)] shall be 0.19 mm ± 0.02 mm.
The hole must be drilled and, after this operation, all burr to be eliminated in two the ends, with round corners.
A.2.2 Burner tube
This tube [see Figure A.1 (d)] has four areas:
1) air chamber;
2) gas mixture area;
3) diffusion area;
4) gas output.
Inside the air chamber, the burner tube four holes for the air entry, 4 mm in diameter. The front end of holes to the air entry is located approximately in the level of the tip of the jet.
The area of distribution is conical shape and has the measures shown in Figure A.1 (d). The tube of burner has a passage of 1.7 mm in internal diameter and output of 3.0 mm in diameter Internal.
1) The burner can be obtained from: Dr. Ing Georg Wazau, Mess und Prúftechnick, Keplerstr. 12, D-1000 Berlin 10, Germany
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A.2.3 Flame stabilizer
The stabilizer is shown in a flame Figure A.1 c).
a) Gas burner arrangement
b) Gas injector c) Flame stabilizer
d) Burner tube
Figure A.1 — Gas burner
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Annex B
(informative)
Bibliography For the study took place with this Standard following documents:
ISO - INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION ISO 8124-2:1994 - Safety of toys. Flammability.
AENOR - ASOCIACIóN ESPA?OLA DE NORMALIZACIóN Y CERTIFICACIóN UNE-EN 71-2:1994 - Seguridad de los juguetes. Inflamabilidad.
COPANT - COMISIóN PANAMERICANA DE NORMAS TéCNICAS COPANT 1657 Parte 2:1997 - Seguridad de los juguetes. Inflamabilidad.
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ICS 97.200.50
Descriptors: toys, prevention of accidents, safety, safety against fire, specifications, safety requirements, flammability, testing, testing of flammability
Number of pages: 11