2011_246英语(试题)

南京航空航天大学

2011年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题 A卷 科目代码: 246

满分: 100 分

科目名称: 英语

注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！

I. Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)

Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.

1. The question is ________ me and I have no idea of it.

A. beyond

B. over

C. beside

D. above

2. The output of our company this month is _______ that of last month.

A. twice as much as

B.twice as much

C.twice many as

D.twice as many as

3. Hardly had I got home ________ the telephone rang.

A. then

B. when

C. as

D. than

4. By the time you get back, I ________ all the work.

A. would finish

B. will have finished

C. has finished

D. had finished

5. It’ s required that the students ________ the term paper tomorrow.

A. finished

B. finish

C.will finish

D. may finish

6. All students are eager to know ________they will pass the exam or not.

A. if

B. that

C. whether

D. why

7. When the couple _______ here, they ________ to the park.

A. will come；will go

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/954956920.html,e；go

C. will come；go

D. come；will go

8. —I cannot find Tom anywhere.

—He _________ have been off long. I heard him make a call just now.

A. shouldn’t

B. can’t

C. mustn’t

D. needn’t

9. No matter who he is, young or old, people’s state of mind tends to keep _______ with the

rapid change of society.

A. contact

B. progress

C. touch

D.pace

10. To tell you the truth, it’s very hard for us to help them get rid of Internet addiction. But we

_________ on this problem trying to improve the situation.

A. worked

B. had worked

C. are working

D. had been working

11. When Mr. Green retired, his son _________ the business from him.

A. took off

B. took over

C. took down

D. took after

12. The population bomb is a _______ that has already happened in some parts of the world,

with terrible results.

A. distress

B. miracle

C. disaster

D. giant

13. He was _______ to be clever but dishonest.

A. thought as

B. thinking

C. thought

D. to think

14. After the synthetic ______, engineers had a better choice for materials for construction.

A. had been developed

B. had developed

C. to be developed

D. being developed

15. His parents died when he was young, so he _______ by his grandma.

A. was bred

B. was fed

C. was brought up

D. was grown up

16. I do wish you could ________ these sheets of paper together.

A. mend

B. repair

C. paste

D. patch

17. Grading of oral tests is quite __________.

A. objective

B. subjective

C. optimistic

D. pessimistic

18. It is easier to aim at a __________ than at a moving target.

A. stationary

B. stationery

C. stable

D. reliable

19. She is now in _________ of happiness with her family members.

A. closure

B. pursuit

C. credibility

D. phenomenon

20. In Britain, the Prince of Wales is __________ to the throne.

A. advisor

B. heir

C. owner

D. protector

II. Cloze (20 points)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.

A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide–the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor. And that __21__ does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less __22__ then, however, were the new, positive __23__ that work against the digital divide. __24__,there are reasons to be __25__.

There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more __26__, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential __27__ there are. More and more __28__, afraid their countries will be left __29__, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be __30__ together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will __31__ rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for _32__ world poverty that we’ve ever had.

Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to __33__ poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has __34__ potential.

To __35__ advantage of this tool, some poor countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices __36__ respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is a/an __37__ of their sovereignty might well study the history of __38__ (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is __39__ America’s Second Wave infrastructure-__40__ roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on----were built with foreign investment.

21. A) divide B) information C) world D) lecture

22. A) obscure B) visible C) invisible D) indistinct

23. A) forces B) obstacles C) events D) surprises

24. A) Seriously B) Entirely C) Actually D) Continuously

25. A) negative B) optimistic C) pleasant D) disappointed

26. A) developed B) centralized C) realized D) commercialized

27. A) users B) producers C) customers D) citizens

28. A) enterprises B) governments C) officials D) customers

29. A) away B) for C) aside D) behind

30. A) netted B) worked C) put D) organized

31. A) decrease B) narrow C) neglect D) low

32. A) containing B) preventing C) keeping D) combating

33. A) win B) detail C) defeat D) fear

34. A) enormous B) countless C) numerical D) big

35. A) bring B) keep C) hold D) take

36. A) at B) with C) of D) for

37. A) offence B) investment C) invasion D) insult

38. A) construction B) facility C) infrastructure D) institution

39. A) why B) where C) when D) how

40. A) concerning B) concluding C) according D) including

III. Reading Comprehension (30 points)

Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.

Passage 1

Planet Earth was stricken by floods, drought and fire in 1997, a year which ended with the world’s major polluters quarreling about ways to prevent further environment disaster.

The 160 nations attending a UN conference on global warming billed as one of the most vital ever held, finally reached a consensus on cutting greenhouse gas emissions through the next decade.

The climate was dominated in the latter part of the year by El Nino, a swelling of warmer water off the South American coast which affects global weather patterns. “I think for sure the most dramatic thing has been the El Nino phenomenon that has been experienced throughout the tropics,” said Hefrey Sayer, director-general of the International Centre for Forestry Research. El Nino is being blamed for widespread floods and drought in the tropics, and has affected other areas as well.

El Nino called by Peruvian fisherman after the Christ Child because of its appearance around Christmas, is being blamed for widespread floods and drought in the tropics, and has affected other areas as well.

A major demonstration of the phenomenon was drought-intensified bush fires in Indonesia that spread smog across large areas of Southern Asia before badly-delayed rains started to fall in late November. Floods swept arid Somalia in East Africa, while the rain forests of Indonesia’s Irian Jaya dried out and hundreds of tribes’ people died from starvation and disease. Apart from El Nino, eastern and central Europe suffered the worst floods in living memory in early July, with over 100 people killed and many thousands of families displaced through the region and eastern

Germany.

In the ancient Japanese capital of Kyoto, a UN gathering of 159 countries on global warming finally agreed on cutting greenhouse gas emissions through the next decade after 11 days of confused and uncontrolled negotiations. The conference accepted scientific evidence that heating of the Earth’s surface by gases trapped in the atmosphere causes more and fiercer storms, expanding deserts, melting polar ice and raising sea levels which threaten to flood low-lying islands.

US Vice President Al Gore called the Kyoto agreement “a vital turning point”, but added that more still needed to be done.

41.This passage mainly talks about ______________.

A. global weather patterns

B. environmental disasters on earth

C. the EL Nino phenomenon

D. a gathering on global warming

42.The word “polluters” (Par. 1) refers to those _________ which have polluted the

environment.

A. planets

B. countries

C. companies

D. people

43.In July, 1997, many families in eastern and central Europe were displaced because

_______.

A. there was a war in that region

B. rains were badly delayed there

C. they suffered the worst bush fires in living memory

D.they suffered the worst floods in living memory

44.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the El Nino phenomenon?

A. Flood

B. Desert

C. Fire

D. Earthquake

45.According to this passage, El Nino is mainly caused by _______.

A. the cutting down of trees

B. the gas emissions

C. the melting of polar ice

D. the swelling of warmer water

Passage 2

Trees are useful to man in three very important ways: they provide him with wood and other products; they give him shade; and they help to prevent droughts and floods.

Unfortunately, man has not realized that the third of these services is the most important. Two thousand years ago a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships, with which to gain itself an empire. It gained the empire, but, without its trees, its soil became hard and poor. When the empire fell to pieces, the home country found itself faced by flood and starvation.

Even though a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees, it is difficult for it to persuade villagers to see this. The villagers want wood to cook their food with; and they can earn money by selling wood. They are usually too lazy to plant and look after the trees. So, unless the government has a good system of control, or can educate the people, the forests will slowly disappear.

This does not only mean that the villagers’children and grandchildren will have fewer trees. The results are even more serious, for where there are trees their roots break the soil up allowing the rain to sink in - and also bind the soil, thus preventing its being washed away easily but where there are no trees, the rain falls on hard ground and flows away from the surface, causing flood.

46. What is the most important function of trees?

A. Providing fuel.

B. Offering shade.

C. Preventing natural disaster.

D. Providing wood.

47. What eventually happened to the empire in the paragraph?

A. Its people died of hunger.

B. It fell to pieces.

C. It became a giant empire.

D. It built many ships with wood.

48. It is implied in the passage that the villagers__________

A. want a plentiful supply of trees.

B. want firewood badly.

C. just want to get money.

D. don't realize the importance of trees.

49. The role of trees is to__________

A. loosen soil

B. keep soil in position

C. harden soil

D. both A and B

50. What is the passage mainly concerned with?

A. The benefits of trees.

B. Trees and soil protection

C. The various uses of trees.

D. Different attitudes toward trees.

Passage 3

The blues was born on the Mississippi River Delta in the early 1900s. After the Civil War, the slaves were free but life was still not easy. They had to find new work. In the South, work camps were formed. Black people from these camps worked on farms and on building up the Mississippi River banks. During the week the people worked long and hard. They often lived alone, without their families, far from home. On the weekends, the workers got together at picnics or drinking places. Traveling black musicians with guitars entertained them. The musicians sang songs about the difficult life of the workers. These songs were called the blues.

If you have the blues it means you feel very sad. You can have the blues because you have no money, no job, no lover, no home, or no friend. You can have the St. Louis blues, the Memphis blues, or the Monday morning blues. Maybe you have had the homework blues or the examination blues. But blues songs were not always sad. Some of them were happy and many of them were funny.

Blues was a new kind of music. In blues songs some notes were flattened (降半音的). These notes were called “blue notes”. They made the music sound sad and different.

Early blues singers often had very interesting names like Blind Lemon Jefferson, Howlin’ Wolf, Muddy Waters, and Leadbelly. Sometimes the blues singers had song contests. Each singer sang new words or a new style of the blues song. They made up the music as they played. In this way they created new music. This is called improvization （即兴演奏）. Later, improvization became a very important part of jazz music.

Blues began in the country in the South. As blacks moved into the big cities to work, the blues went with them. There, they sang about life in the cities. W.C. Handy, a black band leader

from Memphis made the blues popular all over America. In 1914 he wrote the most famous blues song of all, “ The St. Louis Blues”.

51. This passage is mainly concerned with ________.

A.the birth of American country music

B.the birth of jazz music

C.the birth of American popular music

D.the birth of the blues

52. Blues songs were often about __________.

A. the hard life of black people

B. the lonely life of black people

C. the happy and funny life of black people

D. the hard life of slaves

53.In the early 1900s, black people often got together at some drinking places on weekends

mainly because _______.

A.they had found new work

B.they had worked long and hard during weekdays

C. they often lived alone, without their families

D. they were good at singing and dancing

54. Improvization came into being when the blues singers _________.

A. had song contests

B. sang a new style of music

C. sang new words

D. made up the music as they played

55. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

A. After the Civil War, most black people found jobs in factories.

B.No blues songs were about life in the cities.

C.The blues was popular only in the country.

D.The blues was born in the country in the South.

IV. Translation (15 points)

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Please write your version in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet.

Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants and his objective is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. (1) If the shop has it in stock, the salesman promptly produces it, and the business of trying it on proceeds at once. (2) all being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone’s satisfaction.

For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants. (3) In that case, the salesman, as the name implies, tries to sell the customer something else. He offers the nearest he can to the article required. No good salesman brings out such a substitute bluntly; he does so with skill and polish: “I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size? It happens to be the color you mentioned.” Few men have patience with this treatment, and the usual response is “This is the right color and may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on.”

Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? (4) In almost every respect she does so in the opposite way. Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only “having a look round.” She is always open to persuasion; indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. (5) Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the lookout for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another, to and fro, often retracting her steps, before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a laborious process, but apparently an enjoyable one. Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.

V. Writing (15 points)

Directions: For this part, you are asked to write a composition entitled “Computer --- a Good Friend”. You should write at least 100 words and base your composition on the outline below:

1.Nowadays computers are widely used in modern society.

2.They help people in different ways.

3.They also offer entertainment to people.

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