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新编英语教程5 Unit 10 Things,The Throw-Away Society

新编英语教程5 Unit 10 Things,The Throw-Away Society
新编英语教程5 Unit 10 Things,The Throw-Away Society

Unit TEN: TEXT I

Words and Expressions

Paragraph 1

Eminently (l. 4) (Note 1): very; perfectly; elegantly 不寻常地,非常

E.g.: The discussion is eminently practical. 讨论非常实际。

His articles are eminently comprehensible. 他的文章特别易于理解。

Little girls adore Barbie because she is highly realistic and eminently dress-upable (l. 4) (Note 1): The reason why Barbie appeals so much to little girls is that she looks just like a real-life person who can be dressed up in the way they wish.

Paragraph 2

humanoid (l. 10): (esp. of a machine) having human shape or qualities 似人的,有人类特点的-oid: like; in the form of

E.g.: metalloid (like a metal) Mongoloid (like Mongolian)

trade-in allowance (l. 11) (Note 3):

The amount of money a shop deducts from the price of a new thing which a customer buys when he turns in an old one to the shop 以旧换新打折价

跳楼价cut-throat price; the lowest price

疯狂甩卖crazy sale; crazy dropped price

大减价price cutting

冬季大减价Winter Crazy Sale

Moreover, Mattel announced that, for the first time, any young lady wishing to purchase a new Barbie would receive a trade-in allowance for her old one. (ll. 10-11)

Besides, Mattel made public that, for the first time, all girls desirous of buying a Barbie from its company were to be given the right of turning in their old dolls in exchange for new models at a reduced price.

Paragraph 4

texture (l. 18): the degree of roughness or smoothness, coarseness or fineness, of a surface, substance, or material, esp. as felt by touch 质地,纹理,结构

iridescent (l. 18): showing changing colors as light falls on it 色彩斑斓的,彩虹般的

E.g.: Soap bubbles are iridescent. 肥皂泡沫色彩斑斓。

But increasingly, it is the technologically produced environment that matters for the individual. (ll. 17-18)

But more and more, man-made products form a very important part in the lives of people. cityscape (l. 19): the sight or view of a city

-scape: a scenic view, as in a picture E.g.: landscape; moonscape; beachscape

staggering (l. 19): stunning, wondrous, breathtaking, unbelievable, shocking, lurid, astonishing, astounding, sensational

Desktop computers used to cost a staggering sum of money.

Man-made things enter into and color his consciousness (ll. 20-21):

consciousness: one’s mind and thoughts

color sb’s judgment/opini ons/attitudes, etc.:

influence the way someone thinks about sth. esp. so that they become less fair or reasonable

Man-made things enter into and color his consciousness (ll. 20-21):

His mind is filled with and influenced by artificial things.

Or: Technologically produced things come to be accepted by people and are beginning to shape their mentality.

Their number is expanding with explosive force, both absolutely and relative to the natural environment. (ll. 21-22):

There has been a tremendous increase in man-made things in terms of their actual number not only by itself but also compared to our natural environment.

Paragraph 5

deride (l. 24): laugh at or make fun of (something considered worthless)嘲笑;嘲弄

ridicule; scoff at; jeer at; mock at

E.g.: They derided his notion that man can conquer space.

Paragraph 6

lingering (l. 32): The literal meaning of this word is “slow to disappear”

a lingering illness a lingering hope

断桥残雪Lingering Snow on the Broken Bridge

In this context, lingeringly means “clinging to with devotion or clasping with love.”

Nothing could be more dramatic than the difference between the new breed of little girls who cheerfully turn in their Barbies for the new improved model and those who, like their mothers and grandmothers before them, clutch lingeringly and lovingly to the same doll until it disintegrates from sheer age. (ll.29-33)

This difference seems most noticeable between the modern throw-away-oriented girls who, on the one hand, are delighted in replacing their out-of-date Barbies for up-to-date ones, and their old-fashioned counterparts, on the other hand, who, like their mothers and grandmothers, are reluctant to part with their dear little dolls until they are timeworn and broken /until they fall apart.

permanence and transience (l .35):

These two are a pair of antonyms. The former signifies “long-lastingness or for a long time”

and the latter is just the opposite, meaning “temporariness, impermanence”.

Transient and temporary are synonyms, but they are different in that temporary signifies “lasting for a time” (暂时的) while transient means “existing only for the moment” (稍纵即逝的).

Paragraph 7

at a rapid clip (l. 39): informal) at a very fast speed

clip: (informal, esp. AmE) fast speed

E.g.: They traveled on foot at a clip of 25 miles a day. 他们徒步旅行,一天走25英里。bib (l. 39): a piece of cloth or plastic tied under a child’s chin to protect its clothes when eating 围涎,围兜,围嘴

muffin (l. 41): a small, thick, round bread-like cake, usually eaten hot with butter 松饼,小松糕TV dinner (l. 43): 盒装电视便餐(一种速冻食品,食用时加热即可,便于食用而不中断看电视) packed dinner 盒饭/light meal 便餐

She is inextricably embedded in a throw-away culture (ll. 45-46):

inextricably: inseparably

E.g.: High birth rate and low life expectancy used to be inextricably linked in our country,

but it is no longer so today.

embed: vt. fix firmly and deeply in a mass of surrounding substance 嵌入、插入

E.g.: He exerted so much strength that his knife got embedded in the chopping block (砧板).

A splinter (破片、刺) was embedded in my finger.

inextricably embedded: so deeply involved that it is impossible to get free

she becomes a part of the throw-away society from which she cannot break away. Paragraph 8

run counter to (ll. 47-48): conflict with; oppose; be opposite to

E.g.: The governm ent’s actions run counter to their election promises. 背道而驰

run counter to / go against the grain: be contrary to one’s inclination or disposition

grain (l. 48) (Note 14): the natural arrangement of the lines of fiber in wood, etc., as seen on the surface that has been sawn 木材等的纹理;气质

E.g.: cut the meat in the direction of the grain顺着纹理切肉

brothers similar in grain 气质相似的兄弟

steep in (l. 48):

a. place and leave (something) in (liquid) for a long time; immerse in; soak in; submerge in

浸泡

E.g.: If the clothes are very dirty, steep them in soapy water overnight.

b. make (oneself) give one’s whole attention to and esp. learn about (something); fill

(something) with (a quality); absorb in埋头于, 专心于; 充满着; 沉浸于

E.g.: I have a talk to give on the famous writer next month, so first I must steep myself in his

books.

The idea of using a product once or for a brief period and then replacing it, runs counter to the grain of societies or individuals steeped in a heritage of poverty. (ll. 47-48)

The practice whereby people use a product and then quickly discard it may readily be rejected by those accustomed by scarcity to holding on to their old possessions.

Paragraph 9

lo and behold (l. 58) (Note 16):

(interjection and informal) an expression of surprise at something unexpected

lo: (old use for) look, an interjection for attracting attention 瞧

behold: (literary and old use) an interjection for attracting attention, more formal than "lo" or "look".

Dentamatic throw-away toothbrush (l. 62):

Apparently Dentamatic is a trade name used by the manufacturer, meaning “havin g to do with the teeth.” 一次性洁齿牌牙刷

Paragraph 10

quasi-paper (l. 67): imitation (仿) paper, synthetic paper

quasi 【 ?????????? ????????】resembling; seeming

E.g.: quasi-liberal 近乎自由主义的quasi-justice 近似的公正quasi-contract 准契约boutique / bu‵ti:k / (l. 68): a small shop (usu. for women) selling up-to-date clothes and other personal articles of the newest kind 时装店

sumptuous (l. 70): grand and expensive 豪华的;华丽的;奢侈的

E.g.: sumptuous furniture / meal / evening dress

train (l. 71): a part of a long dress (e.g. one worn for a wedding) that spreads over the ground

behind the wearer 长袍(裙)拖地的部分;裙裾

caption (l. 72): words shown or printed with a picture, drawing, etc., to explain the subject or give further information (图片等的) 解说词;(电影) 字幕

Paragraph 11

cutout (l. 75): a figure (to be) cut out of wood or paper (供) 剪下的图样(或图形)

benign (l. 76): in a kind and gentle way; of no danger to health; not recurrent or progressive; not malignant 仁慈地,亲切地; 良性地

E.g.: a benign tumor 良性肿瘤 a malignant tumor 恶性肿瘤

Paragraph 12

feature (l. 80) vt.: advertise as a special feature 以…为特色;是…的特色

E.g.: The new type of engines feature high speed, small size and economical operating costs.

这种新型发动机以高速、小型和运行费用低为特色。

Round-the-clock service features this store.

二十四小时服务是这家商店的特色。

A-line dresses (l. 80): Dresses with a flared (向外展开的) bottom and close-fitting top, having an “A” or tent-like shape A字型裙子;上紧下松的裙子

devil-may-care (l. 80) (Note 19): gay, careless, and wild in behavior; reckless 不顾一切的;轻率的,漫不经心的;嬉闹的;无忧无虑的;逍遥自在的

E.g.: a devil-may-care approach to life 玩世不恭的处世态度

He assumes a devil-may-care attitude towards his work.

词汇辨析

Temporary:the most general term, means “lasting, used, serving, or enjoyed for a measurable but limited time”

e.g. a temporary job/relief 临时工作/一时的缓解

momentary (literary) coming and going away suddenly, in a moment瞬间的、刹那间的、时刻的 e.g. momentary joy 瞬息的喜悦no momentary delay 一刻都耽搁不得

passing (attribute 定语) stresses the fact that a thing does not continue to occupy the interest for very long, but runs its course fairly quickly; casual 短暂的、一时的、经过的、路过的、匆匆的e.g. a passing fancy / interest /fad 一时的爱好/兴趣/风尚

the passing cars; a passing glance/look 匆匆的一瞥

transient (literary and formal) existing only for the moment 稍纵即逝的、短暂的、临时的

e.g. a transient success 一时的成功Life is transient. 人生如朝露。

transient laborer 临时工transient joy/feeling/mood

transitory something destined to pass away either very soon or eventually at least 空幻的、昙花一现的、短暂的(flash in the pan) e.g. a transitory happiness/pleasure

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