自动控制理论概述英语论文

The development and application of PLC

Abstract:

The full name of PLC is programmable controller,it is defined as a digital computing operations of the electronic system, specifically designed for application in industrial environments .It’s main structure by power supply, the central processing unit, memory, input and output interface circuit, function modules, and communication modules.because of PLC has strong commonality, use convenient, wide adaptability, easy to programm and other characteristics,it’s used widely in the military, the national defense, aerospace, transportation and industrial production .Therefore it can not be replaced in the foreseeable future.As we know, PLC has many schools, PLC developing in China is very quickly, especially in the application .

Key word:

Development process, control function, application, trend

Summary:

The Programm able Logic Controller (PLC), it uses a Programmable memory for its internal storage procedures, to perform the Logic operation, sequence control, timing, counting and arithmetic operation。and through the digital or analog input/output to control various types of machinery or production process in the industrial automation control field .PLC has the important position in the industry and has an irreplaceable role in the future.

From now on,the world's best PLC production is mainly contained Germany's Siemens, Japan's Mitsubishi, Honeywell company in USA, PLC is divided into whole type and module type according to the structure. according to the application environment into on-site installation and control room installation;what’s more, a CPU word length can be divided into4, 8, 16, 32, 64 bites. From the application point of view,it usually can be choose in controlled function or input and output points .

In this respect, PLC control functions also used in many industrial fields,and its future development is closely related to the industrial development.

PLC the development history and main schools

In the industrial production process, a large number of switch order control, order of action in accordance with logical conditions, and controlling the motion of chain protection, and a large number of discrete data acquisition in accordance with the logical relationship. Traditionally, these functions are achieved by pneumatic or electrical control systems. U.S. GM (General Motors) proposed to replace the following electrical control device requirements in 1968, the second year, the U.S. Digital developed a technology-based integrated circuits and electronic control devices, it’s the first time used in electrical control, This is the first generation of programmable logic controller, called the Programmable Controller (PC). In order to facilitate the development of the personal computer (referred to as PC) to reflect the features of the programmable controller ,which to be called the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), and now, the PLC sometimes referred to the PC.

PLC control functions

First the operation function

Simple arithmetic functions of the programmable logic controller including logic operations, timing and counting functions; common programmable logic controller operation features also include the shift data to compare the computing capabilities; more complex calculation function

algebra, and data transfer; large-scale programmable logic controller and analog PID operation and other advanced computing capabilities. With the advent of open systems, programmable logic controller have a communication function, some products with the same machine or the host computer communication, some products with the factory or enterprise network for data communications functions. So design selection should be from the requirements of practical application, the rational use of computing capabilities is required. Most applications only need the logic operation and timing count, some applications require data transmission and, when used in analog detection and control, to use algebra, numerical conversion and PID operation. To display the data required for decoding and encoding operations.

Second the control function

Off-line programming method: programmable logic controller and programmer public a CPU, a programming console in programming model, CPU for a programming console provides the service, not the equipment control. Complete programming, a programming console switch to the mode of operation, to the CPU control equipment, not for programming. Off-line programming methods can reduce the system cost, but to use and debugging not convenient. The online programming way: the CPU and a programming console have their own CPU, the host CPU responsible for on-site control, and in a scanning cycle and programmer for data exchange, programmer of the online programs or data sent to the host, the next scanning cycle, according to the new hosts received programs running. This way cost is higher, but system commissioning and convenient operation, in large and medium-sized programmable logic controller often used.

Third communication function

With the function of PLC network communication, it makes the PLC and PLC, between the PLC and the PC and other intelligence to exchange information between devices, form a unified whole, scattered realize central control. Most of the PLC have RS-232 interface, and some built-in support their communication protocol interfaces.

Programmable logic controller system of communication network is the main form of the following several kinds of forms:

1), PC-based station, multiple programmable logic controller of the same model from the station, composed of simple programmable logic controller network;

2), a programmable logic controller-based station, programmable logic controller of the same model as the slave constitutes a master-slave programmable logic controller network;

3), programmable logic controller network through a specific network interface to connect to large DCS DCS subnet;

4), a dedicated programmable logic controller network (manufacturers dedicated programmable logic controller communications network).

Fourth programming function

Five standardized programming language: sequence diagram (SFC), function ladder diagram (LD), function module chart (FBD) three graphical language and statement table (IL), structure text (ST) two text language. The selection of programming language should abide by its standards (IEC6113123), meanwhile, still should support a variety of programming language forms, such as C, Basic etc, in order to meet the special control the control requirements of the occasion.

Fifth diagnosis function

Programmable logic controller diagnosis function including the hardware and software of the

diagnosis. Hardware diagnosis through the hardware logic to determine the fault location hardware, software and the diagnosis their fair share of the diagnosis diagnosis. Through the software to internal performance and PLC function within the diagnosis is a diagnosis, through the software of programmable logic controllers CPU and external input/output component such as information exchange function the diagnosis is a diagnosis.

Sixth processing speed

Programmable logic controller using scanning mode. Real-time demand from view, processing speed should be the sooner the better, if the signal last time less than scanning time, the programmable logic controller will scan less than this signal, causing signal loss of data. Processing speed and the user program length, the CPU processing speed, and software quality and so on. At present, the programmable logic controller of the contacts fast response, high speed, all the binary instruction time about 0.2 ~ 0.4 Ls, and therefore, can adapt to the control requirement is high, the corresponding requirement fast applications. Scanning period (processor scanning cycle) should meet: small programmable logic controller scanning time not more than 0.5 ms/K; Large and medium-sized programmable logic controller scanning time not more than 0.2 ms/K.

** the development trend of industrial programmable logic controller (plc)

plc automation system electronic control device as one of the IPC in the major industrial countries is easy to control, high reliability, easy to grasp, small size, and affordable. According to statistics, plc manufacturer of the world today is about 150, producing over 300 varieties. 2000 annual sales of approximately $ 8.6 billion, accounting for 50% of IPC's market share, plc, plays an essential role in the IPC market, and maintain the momentum continues to rise.

plc, when introduced into China in the late 1960s, used only for discrete control, its function is to operate the contactor received discrete output, only the earliest completion of the operation of relay ladder logic. The new generation plc pid regulatory function, and its application from the switch control extended to the field of analog control, widely used in aerospace, metallurgy, light industry, building materials and other industries.PLC as industrial PC, and a member of the major industrial countries in become automation system of basic electronic device. It has convenient control, high reliability and easy to master, small volume, prices for etc. Characteristics. According to the statistics, the modern world PLC manufacturer about 150 home, producing more than 300 varieties. In 2000, sales of around us $8.6 billion, accounting for 50% of the market share of industrial computer, PLC will be in the majority of industrial PC market, and keep rising trend.

the PLC in the industrial and domestic

PLC in the industry, which is widely used in the manufacturing sector are also appreciated. PLC is one of the three pillars of the modern industrial automation and control, the three pillars are PLC, CAD, and robotics. It works when the programmable logic controller was put into operation, the course of their work is generally divided into three stages, namely, the input sample, the user program execution and output refresh three stages. Completion of the three stages is called a scan cycle. During the entire operation, the CPU of the programmable logic controller scan speed, repeat the above three stages. PLC cycle scan is different from the most important feature of computer and other control equipment. In the life of several common PLC application a typical case: a crossroads of traffic lights, automatic control system of greenhouse, elevator, automatic control and so on. Are also many applications in industry, such as multiple wind turbines, pump

automatic constant voltage regulation system under the control object parameters changes automatically adjust, adjust the output of the motor, the motor input \ exit to achieve the purpose of automatic constant pressure control.

Conclusion

The face of fierce market competition brought about by the situation, firmly grasp the pulse of the market operation, and fully with its own characteristics, facing the tide of the world economy, the integration of new technology and new method, innovation. At the same time, along with the continuous efforts of the PLC suppliers to achieve new breakthroughs in all aspects, the introduction of a new generation of PLC will be able to meet more of a variety of industrial automation control applications, can greatly enhance the functionality of the PLC, while in use and maintenance easier and convenient development of the times.

References:

Automation era "Guobo Wuhan University Press, 2004

Programmable logic controller "textbook series for foreign electronics and communication ? Rockwell Automation Technical Books cold with the online e-Publishing

"High-tech status quo and development trend of Beijing: Science Press, 1993

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