英美文学选读0401
Chapter 3 The Romantic Period
一、单项选择题。
1.In the history of literature, Romanticism is generally regarded as ---
A The thought that designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and all experience
B the thought that designates man as a social animal
C the orientation that emphasizes those features which men have in common
D The modes of thinking
2.The Romantic Period is an age of poetry. Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats are the major poets. They started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as ---.
A the poetic romance
B the poetic movement
C the poetic revolution
D the poetic reformation
3.In the Romantic period, ----is the most prosperous literary form..
A prose
B poetry
C fiction
D play
4.In the following writings by William Blake, which marks his entry into maturity?
A Songs of innocence
B Songs of Experience
C Marriage of Heaven and Hell
D Milton
5.The declaration that “I know that this world is a world of imagination& vision,” and that “the Nature of my work is visionary or imaginative” belongs to which of the following writers?
A William Blake
B William Worthwords
C Samuel Taylor Coleridge
D George Gordon Byron
6.In Willi am Blake’s poetry, the father was usually a figure of -----.
A tyranny
B love
C admiration
D benevolence
7.The tone of literature in “song of Experience” by William Blake is -----.
A doleful
B lively
C plain
D utter
8.----is regarded as a “worshipper of nature”.
A John Keats
B William Blake
C William Wordsworth
D Jane Austen
9.Which of the following writings is not created by William Wordsworth?
A I wandered Lonely as a Cloud.
B Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September3, 1802
C The Solitary Reaper
D The Chimney Sweeper
10.Wordsworth’s short poems can be classified into two groups: poems about nature and poems about:
A love
B human life
C freedom
D social activities
11.Which of the following poems is a landmark in English Wordsworth?
A “Lyrical Ballads” by Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth.
B “I wandered Lonely as a Cloud” by William Wordsworth
C “Remorse” by Samuel Taylor Coleridge
D “Leaves of Grass” by Walt Whitman
12.Coleridge’s poems “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”, “Christabel” and “Kubla Khan” are known as ----.
A myth group
B demonic group
C conversational
D sentimental group
13.“place me on sumium’s marbled steep,/ where nothing, save the waves and I,/ May hear our mutual murmurs sweep;/ There, swan—like, let me sing an d die;/ A land of slaves shall ne’er be mine--/Dash down you cup of Samian wine!/” these lines are taken from ---
A “The Isles of Greece” by Byron
B “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” by Thomas Gray
C “The Solitary Reaper” by William Wordsworth
D “Song for the Luddites” by George Gordon Byron
14.“Don Juan” is Byron’s masterpiece, a great --- of the early 19thcentury.
A comedy
B tragedy
C comic epic
D novel
15.In his lyrics such as “Ode to Liberty”, “Ode to Naples”, Percy Bysshe Shelley expressed his love for---and his hatred toward tyranny.
A the middle class
B the poor
C freedom
D the proletariat
16.“Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;/ Destroyer and Preserver; hear, O hear!” the two lines are find in ----.
A Young Goodman Brown by Hawthorne
B Ode to the West Wind by Shelley
C Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman
D Ulysses by Joyce
17.In Shelley’s “To a Skylark”, the bird, suspended between reality and poetic image, pours forth an exultant song which suggests to the poet---
A both celestial rapture and human limitation
B both image creation and profound meaning
C both music and words
D both inspiration and skill of writing
18.Shelley’s greatest achievement is his four—act poetic drama -----.
A Men of England
B Prometheus Unbound
C Ode to the West Wind
D The Revolt of Islam
19.The author of the work “Men of England” is ----.
A T.S. Eliot
B Thomas Gray
C Shelley
D Walt Whitman
20.The author of “Ode on a Grecian Urn” is -----.
A Wordsworth
B Austen
C Byron
D Keats
21.The first important poem written by John Keats is -----.
A On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer
B Endymion
C Ode to a Nightingale
D Ode on a Grecian Urn
22.Jane Austen’s first novel is ----.
A Pride and Prejudice
B Sense and Sensibility
C Emma
D Plan of a Novel
23.In terms of Pride and Prejudice, which is not true?
A Pride and Prejudice is the most popular of Jane Austen’s novels.
B Pride and Prejudice is originally drafted as “First Impressions”
C Pride and Prejudice is a tragic novel
D in this novel, the author explores the relationship between great love and realistic benefits.
24.After reading the first chapter of Pride and Prejudice, we may come to know that Mrs. Bennet is a woman of -----.
A simple character and poor understanding
B simple character and quick wit
C intricate character and quick wit
D intricate character and poor understanding
25.Poetry has been traditionally regarded as an art governed by rules; but to the romantics, poetry should be free from all -----.
A rhymes
B rhythm
C rules
D emotion
26.---- “essay of Elia” is a good work that leads to a delightful interpretation of the life of London.
A Samuel Taylor Coleridge
B Charles lamb
C Jane Austen
D mark twain
二、综合题。
1.Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English.
“when my mother died I was very young,
And my father sold me while yet tongue
Could scarcely cry “’ weep！Weep!’ weep!’ weep!”
So your chimney I sweep, & in soot I sleep.
Question:
A Who is the author of this stanza, and what is the title of the poem from which this stanza is taken?
B What does the “weep” mean?
C based on this stanza; discuss the characteristics of his poems in his early years.
2.Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English.
“I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o’er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.”
Question:
A identify the poem and the poet
B in several sentences interprets the meaning of this stanza.
C from the characteristics of this stanza, we can deduce which period it belongs to.
3.Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English.
“cleave themselves into chasms, while far below
The sea—blooms and the oozy woods which wear
The sapless foliage of the ocean, know
The voice, and suddenly grow grey with fear,
And tremble and despoil themselves: O hear,
Question:
A What do the two stanzas describe?
B what idea does the poem express from which the two stanzas are taken from?
C based on the above qualities; identify the author of the poem.
4.Question and answers:
what are the characteristics of the romantic literature?
5.Question and answers:
What are the features of the “Byronic Hero”?
6.Question and answers:
What are the two functions of the west wind in Shelley’s “Ode to the West Wind”?
7.Topic discussion:
Generally speaking, Jane Austen was a writer o the 18th century, though she lived mainly in the 19th century, based on her writing; discuss Jane Austen’s greatest contribution to English literature.
答案部分
一、单项选择题。
1.
【正确答案】 A
2.
【正确答案】 C
3.
【正确答案】 B
4.
【正确答案】 C
5.
【正确答案】 A
6.
【正确答案】 A
7.
【正确答案】 A
8.
【正确答案】 C
9.
【正确答案】 D
10.
【正确答案】 B
11.
【正确答案】 A
12.
【正确答案】 B
13.
【正确答案】 A
14.
【正确答案】 C
15.
【正确答案】 C
16.
【正确答案】 B
17.
【正确答案】 A
18.
【正确答案】 B
19.
【正确答案】 C
20.
【正确答案】 D
21.
【正确答案】 A
22.
【正确答案】 B
23.
【正确答案】 C
24.
【正确答案】 A
25.
【正确答案】 C
26.
【正确答案】 B
二、综合题。
1.
【正确答案】 A William Bl ake’s “Songs of Innocence”.
B Here means “sweep”, it is the child’s lisping attempt at eh chimney sweeper’s street cry.
C his poems emphasize the tone of joy, laughter, love and harmony. His language in many poems is plain and direct. His poems often carry the lyric beauty with immense compression of meaning. Symbolism in wide range is also a distinctive feature of his poetry.
2.
【正确答案】 A “ I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” by William Wordsworth.
B like a cloud flying over valleys and mountains, I was a grove of daffodils at the side of a lake. How beautiful they were, fluttering and dancing in the wind, this poem typically depict the author’s respect for nature.
C The Romanic Period.
3.
【正确答案】 A the power of the wind, even the vegetation at the bottom of the sea grow grey when it comes.
B the poem expresses his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality.
C Percy Bysshe Shelley.
4.
【正确答案】 A in poetry writing, the romanticist employed new theories and innovated new techniques, for example, the preface to the second edition of the “Lyrical Ballads” acts as a manifesto for the new school.
B the romanticist not only extols the faculty of imagination, but also elevate the concepts of
spontaneity and inspiration.
C they regarded nature as the major source of poetic imagery and the dominant subject.
5.
【正确答案】“Byronic hero”: a pound, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin. With immense superiority in his passion, and powers, this Byronic hero would carry on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society, and would rise single—handedly against any kind of tyrannical rules.
6.
【正确答案】 The west wind is both a destroyer and a preserver. It destroys the dead leaves, the symbol of old rotten society; it preserves the seeds, the symbol of new—born things and a new world.
7.
【正确答案】 A Jane Austen is one of the most important Romantic novelists in English literature. She creates six influential novels.
B her main literary concern is about human beings in their personal relationships. She makes trivial daily life as important as the concerns about human belief career and salient social event. This is what makes her important in English literature.
C Jane Austen has brought the English novel , as an art of form, to its maturity because of her sensitivity to universal patterns of human behavior and her accurate portrayal of human individual.
D she describes the world from a woman’s point of view, and depicts a group of authentic and common women.
英美文学学习方法
《英美文学选》学习方法首先我想与大家谈论一下参考书，我看见网上有人询问是否有 什么好的参考书。我总共买了二本参考书，用处不大，浪费时间不少。只有把课本彻底看透， 你才能掌握主要脉络。仔细对照，你可以看出参考书上无非也是从书上copy过来，只能让你 看一遍参考书，又看一遍书本。我能理解大家想偷机取巧的想法，参考书必定是比课本薄得 多，看上去象精选集，但事实并非如此，实际考题说明一切。考题不会超大纲，答案自然都 在书上。只不过来年考题会从越来越偏僻角落去选择，所以课本也就越发重要。我现在都能 想象出题老师得意笑容，我出的题难什么，都在书上。 当我看完第一遍书时，其过程实在是艰涩痛苦，捏着厚厚书真觉得苦海无涯，望也望不 到出头之日。但奇妙的感觉在后面，当我第二，三，四遍看完，当然到后面是以翻看形式了， 书本捏在手上变得越来越薄了。我认为以课本为基础，在自己脑海中形成的超薄精选集才是 正直实用有效的参考书，在网上是下载不到，书店里也买不到。你所需要做的是把这课本看 懂，读透，翻烂。i dont want to say this is only choice, but it actually is, and an most direct and efficient way. don’t find too much resources, which cant easy your job, but increase your burden. 我看见许多人说背不出，或怎样背。大家都是这条路上过来的难兄难弟，多半白天要上 班，晚上要背书，有段时间我近似绝望，怀疑自己提早进入老年痴呆症，健忘症。我不断弄 混名字，作品，时期，英美不分。就现在考题看来，题型已不是单纯浅显记忆题，而是在此 基础上的综合理解题，在今年的部分选择题，简答题里都是这样。如果不掌握最基本的（纯 粹背的），pass是绝无希望。 我的方法是建立一个树枝结构。复习开始时面对的最大困惑是东西太多，无从下手，而 且更糟是前背后忘记，忘得比背得快，简直是没天理，花下去的时间精力似乎打了水漂。当 然要让每个作家都能象对shakespeare一样一听就有个大概印象，没有充足广泛阅读量是无 法做 英美文学是综合学科，要通过或考好，是需要日常对英美历史背景熟悉，对大量着作的 阅读，研究体会的。死记硬背真的只是应付考试的，原始而无意义手段，而且对来年的考题 是没办法应付的噢！ 以下还有一些小窍门，希望有帮助： 1.先复习美国文学，后英国文学； 2.美国文学可先从现实主义阶段开始，英国文学可先从维多利亚阶段开始； 3.去年考过题还会再考； 4.诗中解释较多的话，找那些能反映主题的解释多背背；明年多半是课本没有的解释了， 考你的对诗理解程度了， 5.对各阶段时期特征多花功夫复习； 6.明年的理解题，综合题，比较题必然多，例如： 1).二个阶段思想，风格比较，举例说明； 2).描述一个阶段思想，风格特点，举例说明； 3).比较二个同一，不同阶段诗人，剧作家，小说家，举其作品说明； 4).详细说明一个术语，一种写作方式，风格，主义如何运用，举代表人物，作品说明， （eg, this year question: what is allegory concerned with its implying meaning?) 刁钻复杂的题人人都可猜，我并非想例出一点希奇古怪的题扰乱你们的思路。这次四月 考试，我是充满信心拿高分，对每位作家或诗人我都仔细复习到了，但题目仍是出乎我意料 之外，我觉得不公平是题型已不是去年直白而水平的出题方式，是一种纵向综合题型。我想 提醒明年要参加考试的同学，决不要把每个作家或时期独立复习，如果可能的话，在对每位 作家或时期有一定熟悉的程度，作一点纵向的比较，不但能加深理解，对你们明年考试决对
自考英美文学选读要点总结第一章
Chapter I The Renaissance Period Definitions of the Literary Terms: 文艺复兴时期的界定 1. The Renaissance: The Renaissance marks a transition from the medie val to the modern world. Generally, it refers to the period between the 14 th & 17th centuries. 历史文化背景It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture & literature. From Italy the movement went to emb race the rest of Europe. The Renaissance, which means "rebirth" or "reviva l," is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the re-discovery of ancient Roman & Greek culture, the new discoverie s in geography & astrology, the religious reformation & the economic expa nsion. The Renaissance, therefore, in essence is a historical period in whic h the European humanist thinkers & scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that e xpressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, & to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church. 2. 文艺复兴到英国比较晚的原因The Renaissance was slow in reaching Englan d not only becaus e o f England?s separation from the Continent but also be cause of its domestic unrest. It was not until the reign of Henry VIII that the Renaissance really began to show its effect in England. With Henry VII I?s encouragement the Oxford reformers, scholars and humanists introduc ed classical literature to England. 15th century, began the English Renaissa nce, which was perhaps England?s Golden Age, especially in literature. 人文主义H umanism: Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. It sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the ancient author s and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its consci ous, intellectual side, for the Greek and Roman civilization was based on s uch a conception that man is the measure of all things. Through the new l earning, humanists not only saw the arts of splendor and enlightenment, b ut the human values represented in the works. Renaissance humanists fou nd in the classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see th at human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfections, and that the world they inhabited was thei rs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy. Thus, by emphasizin g the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the bea uty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wond ers. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the b est representatives of the English humanists. The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimi lation.
英美文学选读-英国-新古典主义时期-练习题汇总
1. The 18th-century England is known as ( ) (浙0710) A. the Age of Puritanism B. the Age of Reason C. the Era of Capitalism D. the Age of Glory 2. English Enlighteners in the 18th century held ________ as the yardstick for the measurement of all human activities and relations. （一）1 A. property B. education C. emotion D. reason 3. In the Enlightenment Movement, the progressive representatives intended ______. (浙0810) A. to call the people to fight against poverty and hardship B. to tell people to economize and to accumulate wealth C. to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas D. to instruct people to obtain their present social status through hard work 4. As to education, the enlighteners thought that ______. （浙0310） A. human beings were limited, dualistic, imperfect, and not capable of rationality and perfection through education. B. universal education was unnecessary. C. if the common people were well educated, there would be great chance for a democratic and equal human society. D. most of the human beings were perfect themselves, so only a few needed further education. 5. Why did the enlighteners regard education the major means to improve the society and the people? ( ) (浙0710) A. Because most of the human beings were perfect themselves, so only a few needed further education. B. If the common people were well educated, there would be great chance for a democratic and equal human society. C. Because universal education was limited , dualistic, imperfect, and unnecessary. D. Because human beings were not capable of rationality and perfection through education. 6. About reason , the enlighteners thought _____. （浙0210） A. reason or rationality should be the only, the final cause of any human thought and activities B. reason couldn't lead to truth and justice C. superstition was above reason and rationality D. equality and science is contrary to reason and rationality 7. In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about the tendency of ( ) A. realism B. puritanism C. neoclassicism D. romanticism 8. Which of the following statements about Neo-Classicism and Enlightenment Movement is true? A. The Enlightenment was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the
英美文学选读要点总结精心整理3
英美文学选读要点总结精心整理3 I). Washington Irving华盛顿.欧文 11. He is regarded as Father of the American short stories.他是美国浪漫主义文学代表作家之一,美国短篇小说之父。 12. With the publication of The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Irving won a measure of international fame on both sides of the Atlantic.1819年至1820年，欧文出版了《见闻札记》，该书为欧文获得了欧美两大洲的文学荣誉。 13. A History of New York---He parodies or imitates Homer.《纽约史》在多方面模仿了荷马。 14. Like the two famous personae he created, Diedrich Knickerbocker and Geoffrey Crayon, Irving remained a conservative and always exalted a disappearing past.他所创造的两个人物Diedrich Knickerbocker和Geoffrey Crayon和他一样，都停留在对过去的事情的津津乐道上。 15. We hear rather than read, for there is musicality in almost every line of his prose. We seldom learn a moral lesson because he wants us amused and relaxed.他的作品行文优美流畅，犹如音乐。他的作品寓教于乐，给人以轻松安逸之感，如入梦境。 16. He is worth the honor of being“the American Goldsmith”for his literary craftsmanship.在创作艺术方面他堪称是“美国的近匠”。 17. “rip van winkle”—Here, Irving’s pervasive theme of nostalgia for the unrecoverable past is at on ce made unforgettable.“瑞普.凡.温克尔”---欧文在此表达了对一去不复返的东西十分依恋，笔触生动，令人难忘。 (II). Ralph Waldo Emerson拉尔夫.华尔多.爱默生 18. New England Transcendentalism, which is unanimously agreed to be the summit of the Romantic period in the history of American literature.在美国浪漫主义时期的文学中，新英格兰的超验主义是不可或缺的。 19. Emersonian Transcendentalism is actually a philosophical school which absorbed some ideological concerns of American Puritanism and European Romanticism, with its focus on the intuitive knowledge of human beings to grasp the absolute in the universe and the divinity of man.爱默生的超验主义实际上是在吸收美国清教思想，强调人类具有本能的掌握宇宙绝对真理和人的神性而形成的一个哲学流派。 20. In his essays, Emerson put forward his philosophy of the over-soul, the importance of the individual, and Nature.爱默生的文章提出了超灵哲学,个人及自然的重要性。 21. Emerson id a ffirmative about man’s intuitive knowledge, with which a man can trust himself to decide what is right and to act accordingly.爱默生相信人的直觉知识。人类可以利用自己的直觉决定是非并采取相应得行动。 22. The ideal individual should be a self-reliant man.一个理想的个人应是自助自立的人。 23. “Go back to nature, sink yourself back into its influence and you’ll become spiritually whole again.”“回到自然中去吧，沉浸在自然的影响中吧，你将重新获得精神的完整。” 24. In 1845, a great transcendentalist work Walden was born.1845年，写成了超验主义的伟大作品《沃尔登》。
自考英语本科英美文学选读教你投机取巧过英美文学整理加强版
美文学这门科目庞大之极，堪称英本自考之最。自己一个人看那么厚的一本书，不用说能不能看下来，能记住多少实在不好说！ 我在复习的时候，总结了一些规律，与大家分享，望对你有用，帮你顺利通过！ 1.题型分析： 一般来讲，肯定是这种类型：a.单项选择题（40道，40分） b.引文简析（无非就是问问作者是谁，出自哪个作品，主题意象什么的，4道，16分）c.简答题（4道，24分）d.论述题（无非就是分析加读后感，20分） 经验：你应该可以看出来了，重点当然是单选了，分数大，又好得分，实在不行还可以蒙。建议尽可能把书看一遍，但不要看作者生平，那肯定不会考。有个印象就可以了，不用去背，如果你汉语文学功底好，可以省去不少时间。 2.比例分析 据本人统计，历年来英美文学的国考试卷中英国文学占52%，美国文学占48%。（2003年4月例外，其中英国部分58%）其中，可以看出 单选题：前22题肯定为英国部分，其余为美国部分。 大题部分：基本上是一人一半，各占50% 经验：书上共652页，英国411页，美国241页。英国作家共38位，美国15位。其中，美国部分中，诗歌作品也比较少，比较好确认。结论：死学美国，顺带英国。 3.内容分析 历年命题的趋势逐渐由课文内容向选读作品转移，选读的比重越来越大。 经验：课文内容作到大体了解，但要特别重视作家艺术特色。选读部分加大力度，多注意书上的注释及选文大意和某些细节，尽量作到能用英语复述。实在不行，也至少作到能用汉语复述。 4.真题解析及预测 自学考试的一大特点就是重复率高，所以历年试题是必惫的复习材料，不可缺少。有人说：“一套真题等于3套模拟题！”这话绝对没错。所以要花大力气在上面。记得我考那回就有一道10分大题和前一年的一模一样。 注：马克吐温的《哈克贝里费恩历险记》的分析在2000~2002年中，连续考了三次。 经验：注意历年真题，尤其是去年的。去年的10分大题大致如下： a.《傲慢与偏见》中的三种婚姻 b.《白鲸》选文作品复述几分析象征意义。 ================================================ 4月14日]投机取巧教你过英美文学[压题篇] 本文是投机取巧过英美文学的最后一篇，收录北京市2004年4月10日英美文学考试的试题(除选择题外)，是我在北京自考论坛处网友处所得，特此对提供帮助的朋友表示感谢。 二、1、Thomas Gray：Elegy in the Country Churchyard的第一段 2、Yeats的Down by the sallen garden，考的是他俩站在河边，那个女孩*在他肩头，他觉得自己年轻懵懂，而且泪流满面。 3、Emyly Bronte的Whuthering Heights里面Hethcliff在他lover临死之前的那段表现，还问了narrator 是谁 4、Emlily Dikinson的I Heard a Fly Buzz--When I died，问那个blue Buzz是什么意思
英美文学选读(自考)Chapter1
自学考试 英美文学选读 Selected Readings In English And American Literatures Part one: English literature An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature 1. The Old English poetry that has survived can be divided into two group: the religious group and the secular one. The poetry of the religious group is mainly on biblical themes………In addition to these religious compositions, Old English poets produced the national epic poem, Beowulf, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. 2. Romance which uses narrative verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds is a popular literary form in the medieval period. R omantic love is an important part of the plot in romance. 3. I t is Chaucer alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life in his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales. Geoffrey Chaucer is the greatest writer of this period. I n short, Chaucer develops his characterization to a higher artistic level by presenting characters with both typical qualities and individual dispositions. Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace the Old English alliterative verse. Chaucer dominated the works of his15th-centtruy English followers and the so-called Scottish Chaucerians. For the Renaissance, he was the English Homer. Chapter 1 The Renaissance Period
自考英美文学选读 第一章 文艺复兴时期(英国)(课文翻译)
英美文学选读翻译（英语专业自考） 第一部分：英国文学 第一章文艺复兴时期 文艺复兴标志着一个过渡时期,即中世纪的结束和现代社会的开始。一般来说,文艺复兴时期是从十四世纪到十七世纪中叶。它从意大利兴起,伴随着绘画、雕塑和文学领域的百花齐放,而后文艺复兴浪潮席卷了整个欧洲。文艺复兴,顾名思义即重生、复苏,是由一系列历史事件激发推动的,其中包括对古希腊罗马文化的重新发现。地理天文领域的新发现,宗教改革及经济发展。因此,文艺复兴从本质上是欧洲人文主义者竭力摒弃中世纪欧洲的封建主义,推行代表新兴城市资产阶级利益的新思想,并恢复早期宗教的纯洁性,远离腐败的罗马天主教廷的一场运动。 文艺复兴浪潮影响到英国的速度比较慢,不仅因为英国远离欧洲大陆,而且还因为其国内的动荡不安。乔叟去世后的一个半世纪是英国历史上最动荡不安的时期。好战的贵族篡取了王位,使英国走上自我毁灭之路。著名的玫瑰之战就是极好的例子。后来理查三世的恐怖统治标志着内战的结束,在都铎王朝的统治下英国的民族情感又成长起来。然而直到亨利八世统治期间(1509-1547),文艺复兴的春风才吹入英国。在亨利八世的鼓励下,牛津的改革派学者和人文主义者们将古典文学引入英国。基于古典文学作品及《圣经》的教育重获生机,而十五世纪就被广泛传阅的文学作品则更加流行了。自此,英国的文艺复兴开始了。英国,尤其是英国文学进入了黄金时代。这个时期涌现出莎士比亚、斯宾塞、约翰逊、锡德尼、马洛、培根及邓恩等一大批文学巨匠。但英国的文艺复兴并未使新文学与旧时代彻底决裂,带有十四、十五世纪特点的创作态度与情感依然贯穿在人文主义与改革时代。 人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。它源于努力恢复中世纪产生的对古希腊罗马文化的尊崇。人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以"人"为中心,人是万物之灵。通过这些对古代文化崭新的研究,人文主义者不仅看到了光彩夺目的艺术启明星,还在那古典作品中寻求到了人的价值。在中世纪的社会中,个人完全隶属于封建统治,没有独立和自由可言;在中世纪的神学理论中,人与周围世界的关系仅仅是人消极适应或消极遁世,不允许追求快乐,以备死后灵魂得以超脱。然而人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到了充足的论据,来赞美人性,并开始注意到人类是光荣的生命,人自己可以不断发展,至善至美,而且人们生存的世界是属于他们的,供他们怀疑、探索以及享受。由此,人文主义者通过强调人类的尊严、强调今生今世的重要性,喊出了他们的信仰,即人类不仅有权利在今生今世美好生活,而且还有能力完善自我,创造奇迹。人文主义遍布英国思想领域的。标志是荷兰学者伊拉斯谟先后到牛津大学与剑桥大学讲授古典文化研究。托马斯·漠尔、克利斯朵夫·马洛和威廉·莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。
自考英语本科英美文学选读教你投机取巧过英美文学[整理加强版]
如对您有帮助，请购买打赏，谢谢您！ 美文学这门科目庞大之极，堪称英本自考之最。自己一个人看那么厚的一本书，不用说能不能看下来，能记住多少实在不好说！ 我在复习的时候，总结了一些规律，与大家分享，望对你有用，帮你顺利通过！ 1.题型分析： 一般来讲，肯定是这种类型：a.单项选择题（40道，40分）b.引文简析（无非就是问问作者是谁，出自哪个作品，主题意象什么的，4道，16分）c.简答题（4道，24分）d.论述题（无非就是分析加读后感，20分） 经验：你应该可以看出来了，重点当然是单选了，分数大，又好得分，实在不行还可以蒙。建议尽可能把书看一遍，但不要看作者生平，那肯定不会考。有个印象就可以了，不用去背，如果你汉语文学功底好，可以省去不少时间。 2.比例分析 据本人统计，历年来英美文学的国考试卷中英国文学占52%，美国文学占48%。（2003年4月例外，其中英国部分58%）其中，可以看出 单选题：前22题肯定为英国部分，其余为美国部分。 大题部分：基本上是一人一半，各占50% 经验：书上共652页，英国411页，美国241页。英国作家共38位，美国15位。其中，美国部分中，诗歌作品也比较少，比较好确认。结论：死学美国，顺带英国。 3.内容分析 历年命题的趋势逐渐由课文内容向选读作品转移，选读的比重越来越大。 经验：课文内容作到大体了解，但要特别重视作家艺术特色。选读部分加大力度，多注意书上的注释及选文大意和某些细节，尽量作到能用英语复述。实在不行，也至少作到能用汉语复述。 4.真题解析及预测 自学考试的一大特点就是重复率高，所以历年试题是必惫的复习材料，不可缺少。有人说：“一套真题等于3套模拟题！”这话绝对没错。所以要花大力气在上面。记得我考那回就有一道10分大题和前一年的一模一样。 注：马克吐温的《哈克贝里费恩历险记》的分析在2000~2002年中，连续考了三次。 经验：注意历年真题，尤其是去年的。去年的10分大题大致如下： a.《傲慢与偏见》中的三种婚姻 b.《白鲸》选文作品复述几分析象征意义。 ================================================ 4月14日]投机取巧教你过英美文学[压题篇] 本文是投机取巧过英美文学的最后一篇，收录北京市2004年4月10日英美文学考试的试题(除选择题外)，是我在北京自考论坛处网友处所得，特此对提供帮助的朋友表示感谢。 二、1、Thomas Gray：Elegy in the Country Churchyard的第一段 2、Yeats的Down by the sallen garden，考的是他俩站在河边，那个女孩*在他肩头，他觉得自己年轻懵懂，而且泪流满面。 3、Emyly Bronte的Whuthering Heights里面Hethcliff在他lover临死之前的那段表现，还问了narrator 是谁 4、Emlily Dikinson的I Heard a Fly Buzz--When I died，问那个blue Buzz是什么意思
《英美文学选读》模拟试题(1)答案
《英美文学选读》模拟试题（一） 一、单项选择题 1.The excerpt from Chapter 10 of Sons and Lovers ends with the conflict between Paul and his mother. The conflict is possibly caused by Paul and his mother’s different views towards _____. A. Paul’s father B. art C. life D. Paul’s brother 2.The _____ can be regarded as one of the themes of Joyce’s story “Araby”. A. loss of innocence 在所有有關童年故事中，孩子都是同叔叔同姨媽同住，父母則不在身邊—這便是一種象征，象征父母與孩子之間骨肉親情的隔絕和一種正常關系的缺 失. B. childish love C. awareness of harsh life D. false sentimentality 錯誤的多愁善感 3.After reading “Araby”, one more feel the story has a _____ tone. A. joyous B. harsh C. solemn D. painful 4.In “Araby”, Joyce’s diction evokes a sort of _____ quality that characterizes the boy on this otherwise altogether ordinary shopping trip. A. religious B. moral C. sentimental D. vulgar 5.The major concern of _____ fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature. A. D. H. Lawrence’s B. J. Galsworthy’s C. W. Thackeray’s D. T. Hardy’s 6.The mission of _____ drama was to reveal the moral, political and economic truth
英美文学选读复习要点中英文对照
e to order, reason and rules.启蒙者主张理性是任何人思想与行动的唯一缘由。他们大力提倡秩序，理性及法律。 5. As a matter of fact, literature at the time, heavily didactic and moralizi ng, became a very popular means of public education.其实，当时的文学作品种充满了说教与道德理念，就已经成为大众教育的良好工具。 6. Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great wr iters like John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, the two pioneers of familiar essays, Jonathan Swift, Daniel Defo e, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Henry Fielding and Samuel Johnson.英国著名的启蒙主义文学家有约翰.德莱顿，亚历山大.蒲柏，约瑟夫.艾迪森与理查.斯蒂尔（这两位是现代散文的先驱），乔纳森.斯威夫特，丹尼尔.迪福，理查.B.谢立丹，亨利.费尔丁和塞缪尔.约翰逊。 7. In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works.在文学领域，启蒙主义运动还使人们重新对古典时代的著作产生兴趣。 8. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.他们认为理想的艺术应基于秩序，逻辑，确切及情感控制的基础上，而文学作品的价值评判标准应该看它是否为人文主义服务。 9. Thus a polite, urbane, witty, and intellectual art developed.由此一种温文尔雅，充满灵性的知识分子文学艺术发展起来。 10. Neoclassicists had some fixed laws and rules for almost every genre of literature.在几乎所有的文学形式中，新古典主义者们都设定了创作的规矩与条框。 11. Drama should be written in the heroic Couplets (iambic pentameter r hymed in two lines); the three unities of time, space and action should b e strictly observed; regularity in construction should be adhered to, and t ype characters rather than individuals should be represented.戏剧必须用英雄体偶剧（抑扬五音步的押韵双行诗）写就；时间，地点，事件三要素必须要
英美文学选读笔记整理版英国Romantic
Chapter 3 ------------The Romantic Period(英国） Romanticism refers to an artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on the individual's expression of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions. Historical background: Rousseau’s ideas provided guiding principles for the French Revolution (1789-1794) The primarily agricultural society had been replaced by a modern industrialized one. Political reforms and mass demonstrations shook the foundation of aristocratic rule in Britain. Cultural background 1.Inspiration for the romantic approach initially came from two great shapers of thought, French philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau and German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Rousseau established the cult of the individual and championed the freedom of the human spirit. Goethe and his compatriots extolled the romantic spirit as manifested in German folk songs, Gothic architecture, and the plays of English playwright William Wordsworth. 2. The Romantics saw man essentially as an individual in the solitary state and emphasized the special qualities of each individual’s mind. Romanticism actually constitutes a change of direction from attention to the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit. 3. In the works of the sentimental writers, we note a new interest in literatures and legends other than those of Greece and Rome. It was in effect a revolt of the English imagination against the neoclassical reason. Features of the romantic literature 1.Expressiveness: Instead of regarding poetry as “a mirror to nature”, the romantics hold that the object of the artist should be the expression of the artist’s emotions, impressions, or beliefs 2. Imagination: Romantic literature puts great emphasis on the creative function of the imagination, seeing art as a formulation of intuitive, imaginative perceptions that tend to speak a nobler truth than that of fact, logic, or the here and now. 3.Singularity: Romantic poets have a strong love for the remote, the unusual, the strange, the supernatural, the mysterious, the splendid, the picturesque, and the illogical. 4. Worship of nature: Romantic poets see in nature a revelation of Truth, the “living garment of God”. 5.Simplicity: Romantic poets tend to turn to the humble people and the everyday life for subjects, employing the commonplace, the natural and the simple as their materials 6.The Romantic period is an age of poetry. The Romantic period is also a great age of prose. The major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen and Walter Scott. Gothic novel was one phase of the Romantic Movement. Its principal elements are violence, horror, and the supernatural Willam Blake Points of view: 1. Politically Blake was a rebel, mixing a good deal with the radicals like Thomas Paine. He strongly criticized the capitalists’cruel exploitation. He cherished great expectations and enthusiasm for the French Revolution and regarded it as a necessary stage leading to the millennium predicted by the biblical prophets. 2. Literarily Blake was the first important Romantic poet, showing a contempt for the rule of reason, opposing the classical tradition of the 18th century, and treasuring the individual’s imagination. His works: Poetical Sketches (1783) Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1790) Songs of Innocence (1809) Songs of Experience (1794) 1. Songs of Innocence (1809)