浙江高考英语二轮全程练习第三部分阅读理解技法与文体演练课时20阅读理解文体技法(3)_议论文

阅读理解文体技法(3)——议论文

Ⅰ.阅读理解文体技法演练

【精要提示】议论文也是一种运用十分广泛的文章体裁。阅读议论文必须把握文章的论点、论据和论证。此外，还要把握文章的结构和语言。

议论文的解题策略：

(1)互推法

在议论之后，总会再列举一些具体的例子来支持观点；或在一些例子之后，总要抒发一些议论。考生在理解议论时，可以借助文中所给的实例，从而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的议论；或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义，相互推断。

(2)推理法

推理法对推理判断题非常有用。考生一定要明白，推理的结论一定是原文有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。如有原句出现，则是客观事实，不是推理判断的答案。推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等对文章进行推理判断。考生要由文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，要能透过现象看本质。

【高考经典练】

(2015·江苏卷，D)

Freedom and Responsibility

Freedom's challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic.We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.

Some 2，500 years ago Greece discovered freedom.Before that there was no freedom.There were great civilizations，splendid empires，but no freedom anywhere.Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies，one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.

In Greece，in Athens(雅典)，a little city in a little country，there were no helpless masses.And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed，and the unwritten，which must be obeyed if free men live together.They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert.The Athenians never thought that a man

was free if he could do what he wanted.A man was free if he was self－controlled.To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom.They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair.Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens，not because it was forced on him from the outside，but because the city was his pride and his safety.The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.

But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers.It cannot be discovered once for all.If people do not prize it，and work for it，it will go.Constant watch is its price.Athens changed.It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance，a spiritual change which affected the whole state.It had been the Athenian's pride and joy to give to their city.That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds.There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work.Now instead of men giving to the state，the state was to give to them.What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object，ideas of freedom and self－reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing.Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.

Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility.There could be only one result.If men insisted on being free from the burden of self－dependence and responsibility for the common good，they would cease to be free.Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom.It is to be had on no other terms.Athens，the Athens of Ancient Greece，refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.

But，“the excellent becomes the permanent，” Aristotl e said.Athens lost freedom forever，but freedom was not lost forever for the world.A great American，James Madison，referred to：“The capacity(能力) of mankind for self－government.” No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek.Athens was not in the farthest background of

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