构词法练习
构词法练习
1.I wrote him a letter to show my ________( appreciate )of his thoughtfulness.
2.The first tomb was built at the _____(begin) of the 15th century.
3.Painting is a ______(create) process.
4.For our homework tonight, we have to write a _____( describe) of the street where we live.
5.The _____ (discover) of gold on their land made the people rapidly rich.
6.I’d just like to ____(emphasis) how important it is for people to learn foreign languages.
7.My grandfather is as __(energy) as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing at all.
8.The first lesson was very _______(enjoy)----I liked it a lot!
9.These discoveries proved the ___(exist)of a human species who lived in the area between 700,000 and 200,000 years ago.
10. A smile is the universal ___________(face) expression---it is intended to put people at ease.
11. Those who change mobile phones frequently will pay a heavy price for being
________________(fashion).
12. The committee is discussing the problem right now. It will _______(hope) have
been solved by the end of next week.
13. The accused man proved his __________(innocent)of the crime.
14. The government’s new scheme is designed to help the _________(job).
15. The days start to __________(long) in March.
16. __________(Luck), Peter didn’t get the job.
17. The old man had no child so he suffered a lot from _________(lonely)
18. Stop your ______________(mean) chatter, boys. You are wasting time.
19. How lucky he was! He won the lottery(彩票) and now he is a
__________(million).
20. They had the ___________(fortune) to be hit by a violent storm.
21. He lives in a __________ (mountain) district，where traffic is extremely inconvenient.
22. I am so full that I couldn’t eat another ____________(mouth).
23. We must pay special attention to the ___________(mystery) stranger.
24. Try to act ____________(nature) , even if you are tense.
25. Public spending ___________(necessary) affects the economy.
26. After the race, I felt my heart beating ___________(violence).
27. The baby was sleeping __________(peace).
28. He showed us ___________(person) around the factory.
29. It gives me great _________(please) to welcome our speaker.
30. _________(Polite) costs nothing and gains everything.
31. The ____________(popular) of professional sports has been increasing steadily.
32. You’ll have a ____________(profession) photographer with you to take photographs.
33. She has the right ____________(qualify) for the job.
34. Large ___________(quantity) of fish have been caught.
35. We shouldn’t have __________(race) discrimination.
36. The price of this dress is ____________(reason). I can’t afford it.
37. Easter is an important __________(region) and social festival in Christian countries.
38. It goes without ________(say) that the proposal will be accepted.
39. I left eleven years later, with my school leaving certificate, and a _(scholar) to study at Oxford.
40. During _________(science) experiments, she explains exactly what is happening
and as a result my work is improving.
41. There is no __________(similar) between Tom and me.
42. His bad behavior cost his mother many __________(sleep) nights.
43. Anger left him __________(speech).
44. It was a race against time to stop people dying from ___________ (starve).
45. Difficulties __________(strong) the mind, as labor does the body.
46. A positive outlook is vital to dealing _________(success) with the crisis in
adolescence and old age in our life.
47. It is a colorless, odorless and ________ (taste) gas, slightly heavier than air.
48. He knew he had behaved badly and he seemed ________ (true) sorry.
49. This wounded soldier was ___________ (conscious) from his loss of blood
50. It's_________ (believe)that the event repeated itself years later in the same place.
51. Overpopulation is a ________(universe) problem.
52. More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great
___(vary) of goods.
53. The _______(arrive)of migrant workers into the capital had seen Beijing’s
population reach 17.4 million.
54..Besides, many newspapers are printed daily and can offer the
readers__(rely)information.
55. Girls make up only a small_____(percent) of students in computer science classes.
56. I live in Hollywood. You may think people in such an________(attract), fun-filled
place are happier than others. Maybe that is because you haven’t noticed the
_________(happy)they’ve concealed from you.
57. Ma also accepted a pair of pandas from China. In 2006, Taipei Zoo applied (申请)
to host the pandas, Tuantuan and Yuanyuan, from the mainland. But the Taiwan government didn't allow their____________(apply).
58. Firstly, it _________(able)the Chinese people to know more about the outside
world and promote ___________(friend)and mutual understanding.
59. Loss and ___(separate)are often what you find behind a child acting out in school.
60. By saving money, people give themselves more__________(secure).
61. Star sapphires and other ___________(value) jewels worth a total of one million
dollars are on show behind glass.
62. .If time could be turned back, allow me to take you back to December 26, 2004.
___________ (tradition), it is a time for family gathering, a time for
___________(celebrate).
63. Because of the __________(popular) of TV and computers, they are getting much
less exercise than before.
64. “I would have no _________(object),” said the wolf, “if I could only get a place.”
65. Some people have the feeling that nothing can be done about their poor
reading ________(able).
65.An ounce of luck is better than a pound of__________(wise).
66. Researchers in Italy examined the tail wagging ___________(behave)of 30 dogs,
catching their responses to a range of stimuli(刺激物) with video cameras.
67. Another_______________(convenience) feature of the EoL is that you’ll be able
to pick the level of detail you want to see to match your interests, age, and
knowledge.
68. Health problems are ________(close)connected with bad eating habits and a lack
of exercise.
69. You may _______(like)some types of food because they do not look, smell or
taste very nice.
70. What is more, it is true that computers can make________(decide), but they need
detailed instructions and programs prepared by humans to operate.
71. Then they chose three Broadway tunes that focused on race, ________(equal)and
social justice, the themes of the book.
72. As I lined up for the start I glanced at the flag. It moved ______(gentle)now.
73. Some people have the feeling that nothing can be done about their poor reading
ability (能力). They feel ________(hope)about it.
74. An important new study into teenage attitudes surprisingly shows that their family
life is more_________(harmony) than it has ever been in the past.
75. The____________(inform)gained helped up in determining where special
attention should be paid in our course.
76. In the following account, she recalls the job that challenged
her ___________(imagine))and skill but left her flying high.
77. A thousand words will not leave so deep an ___________(impress)as one deed.
78. And I included only those books over a hundred pages in_________(long).
79. Keep your eyes wide open before____________(marry), and half shut afterwards.
80. Reading comprehension can’t be____(dependent)from the knowledge of writing.
81. ______________(music)often called him Pops, as a sign of respect for his
influence (影响) on the world of music.
82. The northern city of Turin passed a law in April to give pet ________(own)fines
of up to ＄598 if they do not walk their dogs three times a day.
83. So far, scientists have named about 1.8 million living species(物种),and that’s just
a small number of what ___________(probable)exists on Earth.
84. Men can do nothing without its____________(permit), and it fastens its young
round people's wrists so that everywhere men go they are still under its control.
85. The best __________(prepare)for good work tomorrow is to do good work today.
86. He answered me ____________(rude)and said he would not come back.
87. As his university was aware of the _________(significant)of his work, they gave
him free time to do this research.
88. Cuzco is a lively city where both Indian and __(Spain)culture and art can be seen.
89. The best time to visit NZ is from November to April---summer time in
the ________(south)hemisphere.
90. Jo went to New York and became __________(succeed)in her writing and had
the ____________(satisfy)of seeing her work published there.
91. _________(like)other camp programs that include horses as a small part of their
program, at Shadow Ridge horses ARE the program!
92. The smell is, as usual, almost_________(bear), being a mixture of sweat, seal oil fat, and dirty underwear.
构词法练习（自查答案）：
1. appreciation
2. beginning
3. creative
4. description
5.discovery
6. emphasize
7. energetic
8. enjoyable
9. existence 10. facial 11. fashionable 12. hopefully 13. innocence 14. jobless 15. lengthen 16. unluckily
17. loneliness 18. meaningless 19. millionaire 20. misfortune 21. mountainous 22. mouthful 23. mysterious
24. naturally 25. necessarily 26. violently 27. peacefully 28. personally 29. pleasure 30. Politeness 31. popularity
32. professional 33. qualification 34. quantities 35. racial 36. unreasonable 37. religious38. saying 39. scholarship
40. scientific 41. similarity 42. sleepless 43. speechless 44. starvation 45. strengthen 46. successfully 47. tasteless 48. truly 49. unconscious 50. unbelievable 51. universal 52. variety 53. arrival 54. reliable 55. percentage
56. attractive / happiness 57. applications 58. enables /friendship 59. separation60. security 61. valuable 62.Traditionally / celebrations 63. popularity 64. objection / ability 65. wisdom 66. behaviour 67. convenient 68.closely 69.dislike
70.decisions71.equality72. gently 73. hopeless 74.harmonious https://www.wendangku.net/doc/977118127.html,rmation
76.imagination 77. impression 78. length 79. marriage 80. independent 81.Musicians 82.owners 83. probably 84.permission
85.preparation 86.rudely 87.significance 88.Spanish 89.southern 90.successful
91.Unlike 92.unbearable
构词法专项复习练习答案
构词法专项复习练习答案 一、根据要求写单词： 1．写出下列单词的形容词： 二、连线成词： un come key wide tri agree side out dis ordinary net board en build news ware extra friendly tax paper sub legal shop work il cycle web site in rich note keeper mis way through road non work hard payer re understand team work over smoker nation book 三、翻译下列句子（用上所提供的词的正确形式）： 1．整个赛季他平均每场比赛得五十多分。（average） He averaged over 50 points a game for an entire season.
2． 她通过了驾驶考试并取得了驾驶执照。（permit ） She has passed the driving test and got a driving permit. 3． 洪水使成千上万人无家可归。（home ） The flood made thousands of people homeless. 4． 这小孩眼巴巴地看着巧克力蛋糕。（eye ） The child was eyeing the chocolate cake. 5． 他梦想为NBA 效劳。（dream ） He dreamed of playing for the NBA. It ’s your mouth! When you get down to the interview, try and speak clearly. Don ’t show a bad impression. If the interviewer asks you a difficult question ., ‘Can you use a fax machine ’), give an （., ‘No, I ’m afraid not, but I can soon learn.’）.Besides, your gestures and your body language say a lot. For example, smiling gives a much more positive impression than Remember, most companies are looking who dress well and prefer people who will work well with all their colleagues in the office
构词法练习题100道
派生词专项训练100题 1.I wrote him a letter to show my___(appreciate) of his thoughtfulness. 2.The first tomb was built at the___(begin) of the 15th century. 3.Painting is a ___(create) process. 4.For our homework tonight, we have to write a ___(describe) of the street where we live. 5.The ___ (discover) of gold on their land made the people rapidly rich. 6.I’d just like to ___ (emphasis) how important it is for people to learn foreign language. 7.My grandfather is as___(energy) as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing at all. 8.The first lesson was very___(enjoy)---I like it a lot! 9.These discoveries proved the___(exist)of a human species who lived in the area between 700,000 and years ago. 10.A smile is the universal___(face) expression---it is intended to put people at ease. 11.Those who change mobile phones frequently will pay a heavy price for being___(fashion). 12.The committee is discussing the problem right now. It will___(hope) have been solved by the end of next week. 13.The accused man proved his___(innocent) of the crime. 14.The government’s new scheme is designed to help the___(job). 15.The days start to___(long) in March. 16.___(Luck), Peter didn’t get the job. 17.The old man had no child so he suffered a lot from___(lonely). 18.Stop you ___(mean) chatter, boys. You are wasting time. 19.How lucky he was! He won the lottery and now he is a ___(million). 20.They had the ___(fortune) to be hit by a violent storm. 21.He lives in a ___(mountain) district, where traffic is extremely inconvenient. 22.I am so full that I couldn’t eat another ___(mouth). 23.We must pay special attention to the___(mystery) stranger. 24.Try to act___(nature), even if you are tense. 25.Public spending___(necessary) affects the economy. 26.After the race, I felt my heart beating___(violence). 27.The baby was sleeping___(peace). 28.He showed us ___(person) around the factory. 29.It gives me great___(pleasure) to welcome our speaker. 30.___(polite) costs nothing and gains everything. 31.The___(popular) of professional sports has been increasing
初中英语构词法练习题
初中英语构词法练习题 1.That man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job. A.care B.careful C.careless D.carelessness 2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai. A.die B.dead C.died D.death 3.The child looked________at his brother who was badly wounded. A.sadly B.sadness C.sadly D.sad 4.He is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a ________. A.chemistry B.chemical C.chemist D.physician 5.The three- ________chair isn’t suitable for a young ch ild.He may fall off. A.legging B.legged C.legs D.leged 6.Stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world. A.lead B.leader C.leading D.leadership 7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked________about at his classmates. A.proud B.proudly C.pride D.pridely 8.To everyone’s ________，the girl finished the job quite well. A.satisfied B.satisfactory C.satisfying D.satisfaction 9.—What are you doing here? —Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English. —You can write________passage in English? A.600 words；a 600-words B.600-word；a 600-words C.600 words；a 600-word D.600 words；a 600-words 10.No one should enter the spot without the________of the police. A.permit B.permission C.permitting D.permittence 11.You must come with us to the police ________.Our head is waiting for you. A.headquarters B.headline C.headmaster D.headache
现代汉语中的造词法和构词法
现代汉语中的造词法和构词法。 一、造词和造词法 （一）造词概说 1.造词 所谓造词就是指创制新词，是解决一个词从无到有的问题。 2.人们的造词活动 人们的造词活动就是人们为新事物、新现象命名的行为（不限人、地）。 （二）造词法 1.含义：创制新词的方法。 2.汉语的造词法： （1）音义任意结合法——就是用某种声音形式任意为某种事物命名的方法（现已少用，多是单纯词）；如：手、足、蜻蜓 （2）摹声法 ①摹仿自然界事物发出的声音来造词。 a.根据事物发出的声音给事物命名；如：猫、布谷 b.根据事物发出的声音创制新词，以描写该事物的性状的；如：嗯、哎呀、哗哗、轰隆隆 ②摹仿外语词的声音来造词（一般称为音译词）；如：咖啡（coffee）、沙发（sofa） （3）音变法——通过语音变化的方式产生新词。
①儿化韵造词；如：盖--盖儿尖--尖儿 ②改变读音造词；如：好（三声）--好（四声） （4）说明法——通过对事物加以说明从而产生新词的造词方法。 ①情状；如：国营、胆怯 ②性质特征；如：方桌、石碑、丁字尺 ③用途；如：雨衣、牙刷、洗衣粉、书桌 ④领属；如：树叶、羊毛、鞋带 ⑤颜色；如：红旗、绿豆、白云 ⑥数量；如：三秋、六书、八卦 ⑦通过注释的方法进行说明。 a.用所属物类注释说明；如：菊花、芹菜、吉普车 b.用单位名称注释说明；如:人口、马匹 c.用事物情状进行注释说明；如：静悄悄、恶狠狠、光秃秃 ⑧运用语言中习用的虚化成分，对原有词的意义做某些改变以说明事物。如：聋子、甜头、黑乎乎 （5）比拟法——用现有材料，通过比拟、比喻等手段创制新词的方法。 ①整个词就是一个完整的比喻，属于借喻，不出现本体，只出现喻体。如：鸡眼、猫眼 ②新词的一部分是比喻成分；如：雪花、瓜分、木马、刀子嘴
构词法练习答案
构词法练习答案： 各位，前面的构词法小练1---40题我是前几年自己做的答案找不到了。大家自己做了相互对一下吧。第二部分有答案还有我当时自己对应补充的一些词汇保存下来了。都附在后面你们对应着看吧，也许有个别题中间有删减了对不上的请见谅哦。 构词法练习1（易）自查答案： 1. appreciation 2. beginning 3. creative 4. description 5.discovery 6. emphasize 7. energetic 8. enjoyable 9. existence 10. facial 11. fashionable 12. hopefully 13. innocence 14. jobless 15. lengthen 16. unluckily 17. loneliness 18. meaningless 19. millionaire 20. misfortune 21. mountainous 22. mouthful 23. mysterious 24. naturally 25. necessarily 26. violently 27. peacefully 28. personally 29. pleasure 30. Politeness 31. popularity 32. professional 33. qualification 34. quantities 35. racial 36. unreasonable 37. religious38. saying 39. scholarship 40. scientific 41. similarity 42. sleepless 43. speechless 44. starvation 45. strengthen 46. successfully 47. tasteless 48. truly 49. unconscious 50. unbelievable 51. universal 52. variety 53. arrival 54. reliable 55. percentage 56. attractive / happiness 57. applications 58. enables /friendship 59. separation60. security 61. valuable 62.Traditionally / celebrations 63. popularity 64. objection / ability 65. wisdom 66. behaviour 67. convenient 68.closely 69.dislike 70.decisions71.equality72. gently 73. hopeless 构词法易补充词汇： 2.beginner 3.creation; creativity 8.enjoyment 12. hopeless 13.lucky 20.unfortunately 25.necessity 26.personality 27. pleasant 28.impolite 29.professor 30.qualifiable; qualified 35. racialism, racialist 37. religion 42. sleepy; asleep 47. tasty 50. unbelievable, belief 52. various 56. attraction 57. applicant; applicative, appliance 58.friendly, friendliness, friendless 61. invaluable, priceless, valueless, worthless 65. wiser 67. inconvenient 68. closed 69. unlike 71. equalize, equalization 72. gentleness https://www.wendangku.net/doc/977118127.html,rmed 76. imaginative
构词法练习及其答案
高考能力测试构词法W o r d F o r m a t i o n 一．合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。 方式：1. 直接写在一起。 2. 用连字符(-)连接。 3. 由两个分开的词构成。 (1)合成adj
(2)合成动词 (3)合成n (4)合成 adv however, maybe, wherever, whenever, forever (5)合成代词whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, myself, something, anything, （6）合成介词 inside在……里
date, hand, study, 2. 形容词转化为动词 perfect完美的——使完善 3.名词转化为形容词(副词) front前面——前面的 4.形容词转化为名词 chief 主要的——首领 训练要旨：构词法是英语学习的一个重点，也是近年来常考的项目。特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中，对词汇掌握的要求越来越高。检测 构词法，在阅读理解中，已不把这种词汇看作生词，而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习，应该具备的一种能力。如有的 生词，只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的,只是加上了前缀或后缀，再者或是合成词等，命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。 1.That man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A.care B. careful C. careless Dcarelessness 2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai. A. die B. dead C. died D. death 3.The child looked_______ at his brother who was badly wounded. A. sadly B. sadness C. sadly D. sad
构词法练习及其答案(可编辑修改word版)
高考能力测试构词法 Word Formation 一．合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。 方式：1. 直接写在一起。 2. 用连字符(-)连接。 3. 由两个分开的词构成。 合成动词 二、派生 Derivation (5)合 成 代 词 whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, myself, something, anything, （ 6） 合 成 介 词 inside
三、转化Conversion: 指一个词不变化词形，而由一种此类 转化为另一种词类或几种词类。 1.名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话—打电话, mirror 镜 子—像镜子一样反映, drink 喝—饮料, record 录音—记录, name, date, hand, study, 2.形容词转化为动词perfect 完美的——使完善 3.名词转化为形容词(副词) front 前面——前面的 4.形容词转化为名词chief 主要的——首领 训练要旨：构词法是英语学习的一个重点，也是近年来常考的项目。特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中，对词汇掌握的要求越来越高。检测构词法，在阅读理解中，已不把这种词汇看作生词，而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习，应该具备的一种能力。如有的生词，只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的,只是加上了前缀或后缀，再者或是合成词等，命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。 1.That man was enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A.care B. careful C. careless Dcarelessness 2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his is heavier than Mount Tai. A. die B. dead C. died D. death 3.The child looked at his brother who was badly wounded. A. sadly B. sadness C. sadly D. sad 4.H e is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a . A. chemistry B. chemical C. chemis D. physician 5.T he three- chair isn’t suitable for a young child. He may fall off. A. legging B .legged C. legs D.leged 6.Stephenson became the railway engineer in the world. A. lead B. leader C. leading D. leadership 7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked about at his classmates. A.proud B.proudly C.pride D. pridely 8.To everyone’s , the girl finished the job quite well. A.satisfied B.satisfactory C.satisfying D.satisfaction 9.—What are you doing here? —Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about in English. —You can write _passage in English? A.600 words；a 600-words B.600-word；a 600-words C.600 words；a 600-word D.600 words；a 600-words 10.No one should enter the spot without the of the police. A.permit B.permission C.permitting D.permittence 11You must come with us to the police .Our head is waiting for you.A.headquarters B.headline C.headmaster D.headache 12.Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it .A.intend B.intention C.intentionally D.intentional 13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a smile. A.practice B.practise C.practical D.practiced 14.The ordered him to pay a $100 fine. A.judger B.judgment C.judge D.judgement 15.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the news about Iraq War? https://www.wendangku.net/doc/977118127.html,tely https://www.wendangku.net/doc/977118127.html,test https://www.wendangku.net/doc/977118127.html,ter https://www.wendangku.net/doc/977118127.html,tter 16.The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in . A.longer B.length C.long D.longing 17.To my ，I passed the exam easily. A.joy B.joyful C.joyless D.joyness 18.Canada is mainly an country. A.English-speaking B.speak-English C.spoken-English D.English-spoken 19.How he is! He is always acting .He is really a . A.foolish；foolishly；fool B.fool；foolish；fool C.foolish；fool；fool D.foolishly；foolish；fool
英语构词法练习题答案
英语构词法练习题 一、基础练习 A：名词后加“y”变成形容词 sun---( sunny ) wind ---( windy ) cloud ---( cloudy ) rain ---( rainy ) snow ---( snowy ) fun---(funny ) health ---( healthy ) noise ---( noisy ) salt---( salty ) luck ---( lucky ) sleep ---( sleepy ) sand ---( sandy ) B：名词后加“-ful” “-less”变成形容词 care ---( careful )_( careless ) use---_(useful )( useless ) colour---( colourful ) ( colourless ) help---( helpful ) ( helpless ) hope ---( hopeful )_( hopeless ) harm ---(harmful ) ( harmless ) success---( successful ) wonder---(wonderful ) peace---( peaceful ) sleep ---(sleepless ) home---(homeless ) value---(valueless ) C：名词后加“-ern”变成形容词 east--( eastern )west ---( western )south---( southern ) north---(northern ) D：名词后加“-al”变成形容词 person---( personal )education---(educational )tradition---(traditional) medicine---( medical ) music ---(musical ) nature---( natural ) E：名词后加“-ly”变成形容词 friend---( friendly ) love---(lovely ) week---( weekly ) F：名词后加“--ous”变成形容词 danger---( dangerous mystery---( mysterious ) fame---( famous ) G：名词后加“-en”变成形容词 wool---( woolen ) wood--( wooden ) gold---( golden ) H：名词转化为形容词的不规则变化 energy---( energetic) athlete---( athletic ) hunger---(hungry ) pride---( proud ) death---( dead ) science---( scientific ) anger---( angry ) Africa---(African ) America---(American ) Asia---( Asian ) Australia---( Australian ) I：动词变名词 ①work---__worker_(工作者) sing---_singer___(歌手) teach---____teacher__(教师) drive---___driver____(司机) write---_writer_(作家) dance---_dancer(舞蹈家) win---____winner__(获胜者) run---___runner___(赛跑者) swim---__swimmer(游泳者)act---___acter(演员) collect---collector(收藏家) direct---___director(主管) visit---__visitor(参观者) invent---_inventor(发明家) translate---____translator(翻译家) ②educate---____education(教育) describe---__description(描述) predict---prediction(预言)
构词法详细讲解
造词法和构词法 ? 教学目的和要求： ? 1.了解造词法和构词法的区别； ? 2.认识造词法的基本原理，熟悉造词法的种类和词的结构类型； ? 3.能够熟练地对词进行造词法分析和构词法分析； ? 4.了解构词法和构形法的区别。 教学重点和难点: 重点：造词法的类型、构词法的类型 难点： ? 构词法和造词法的区别 ? 造词法辨析和构词法辨析 ? 构词法和构形法的区别 ? 一、关于构词法与造词法 ? 二、造词法 ? 三、构词法 ? 四、构形法 一、关于构词法与造词法 ? 构词是指词的内部结构问题，它的研究对象是已经存在（创造出来）的词。构词法指的是词的内部结 构规律的情况，也就是语素组合成词的方式和方法。 ? 造词就是指创造新词，它是解决一个词从无到有的问题。造词法就是创造新词的方法。 ? 构词法，是指构词的法则，也即词的构成方式，是从静态的角度，对现有词内部语素间的结构关系进 行考察分析的结果。 ? 造词法，指的是创造新词的方法，是从动态的角度，对词的来源的一种发生学研究。 有些词，如果不了解其造词方法，对于其构词法的分析也会造成偏误，如： 瓜分：像切瓜一样地分割或分配。 造词法：比喻式 鲸吞：像鲸鱼一样地吞食。 构词法：偏正式 （一）什么是造词法 造词就是创造新词，也就是给事物现象命名。造词法就是创造新词的方法。 造词法的研究包括两个方面的内容： 一是用什么语言材料造词，用来造词的语言材料主要是语素，也可以是音节。 骄阳、阳光 （骄、阳、光：语素） 玻璃（玻、璃：音节） 二是用什么方法造词。 国内学者从不同的角度，依据不同的方法，对汉语造词法进行了大量的研究，提出了不同的主张。 ? 孙常叙《汉语词汇》（1956.12） ? 任学良《汉语造词法》（1981） ? 武占坤、王勤《现代汉语词汇概要》（1983.7） ? 刘叔新《汉语描写词汇学》（1990.11） ? 葛本仪《现代汉语词汇学》（2001.4） 孙常叙《汉语词汇》（1956.12） 1.语音造词方法——象声造词 2.语义造词方法——变义造词（引申变义、转化变义）和比拟造词 雪花、汗珠 造词法：修辞法（比喻式） 构词法：补充式
一轮复习高中英语基本构词法及练习题
英语构词法中的派生法 派生法：在词根加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。 一、前缀前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性（除少数前缀外）； 后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。 (1) 表示否定意义的前缀常用的有： dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un- 。 disable disadvantage disagree disappear disapprove disclose discolour disconnect discontinuous discontinue discount discourage disorder illegal impossible inaccurate inactive inadaptable inapplicable inconstant inconvenient incredible incurable independent ineffective informal invisible irregular irremovable irrespective irresponsible misfortune misguide midinterpret mislead misread mistrust misunderstand misuse nonmetal noncooperation noninvolvement unable unacceptable unaware unbalance unbreakable uncertain unchangeable uncomfortable undecided unemployed undetermined undeveloped unearth uneconomical unfold unpack untie (2) 表示其他意义的前缀常用的有： a.前缀anti anti-fascist anti-gas anti-imperialist anti-Japanese War b.前缀auto autobiography autography c.前缀bi- bicentury bilingual
构词法练习及其答案
高考能力测试构词法Word Formation 一．合成Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。 方式：1. 直接写在一起。 2. 用连字符(-)连接。 3. 由两个分开的词构成。 (4)合成adv however, maybe, wherever, whenever, forever (5)合成代词whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, myself, something, anything, （6）合成介词inside在……里二、派生Derivation
三、转化 Conversion : 指一个词不变化词形，而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。 1. 名词和动词之间的转化telephone 电话—打电话, mirror 镜 子—像镜子一样反映, drink 喝—饮料, record 录音—记录, name, date, hand, study, 2. 形容词转化为动词 perfect 完美的——使完善 3.名词转化为形容词(副词) front 前面——前面的 4.形容词转化为名词 chief 主要的——首领 训练要旨：构词法是英语学习的一个重点，也是近年来常考的项目。特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中，对词汇掌握的要求越来越高。检测构词法，在阅读理解中，已不把这种词汇看作生词，而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习，应该具备的一种能力。如有的生词，只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的,只是加上了前缀或后缀，再者或是合成词等，命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。 1.That man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A.care B. careful C. careless Dcarelessness 2.The soldier died for saving the child ，so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai. A. die B. dead C. died D. death 3.The child looked_______ at his brother who was badly wounded. A. sadly B. sadness C. sadly D. sad 4.He is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a ________. A. chemistry B. chemical C. chemis D. physician 5.The three- ________chair isn’t suitable for a young child. He may fall off. A. legging B .legged C. legs D.leged 6.Stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world. A. lead B. leader C. leading D. leadership 7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem ，Jack looked_______about at his classmates. A.proud B.proudly C.pride D. pridely 8.To everyone ’s ________, the girl finished the job quite well. A.satisfied B.satisfactory C.satisfying D.satisfaction 9.—What are you doing here? —Oh ，my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English. —You can write______ _passage in English? A.600 words ；a 600-words B.600-word ；a 600-words C.600 words ；a 600-word D.600 words ；a 600-words 10.No one should enter the spot without the________of the police. A.permit B.permission C.permitting D.permittence 11You must come with us to the police _______.Our head is waiting for you.A.headquarters B.headline C.headmaster D.headache 12.Letting that animal escape was no accident ；you did it ________.A.intend B.intention C.intentionally D.intentional 13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a________smile. A.practice B.practise C.practical D.practiced 14.The_______ordered him to pay a $100 fine. A.judger B.judgment C.judge D.judgement 15.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the________news about Iraq War? https://www.wendangku.net/doc/977118127.html,tely https://www.wendangku.net/doc/977118127.html,test https://www.wendangku.net/doc/977118127.html,ter https://www.wendangku.net/doc/977118127.html,tter 16.The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________. A.longer B.length C.long D.longing 17.To my ________，I passed the exam easily. A.joy B.joyful C.joyless D.joyness 18.Canada is mainly an________country. A.English-speaking B.speak-English C.spoken-English D.English-spoken 19.How________ he is! He is always acting________.He is really a ________. A.foolish ；foolishly ；fool B.fool ；foolish ；fool C.foolish ；fool ；fool D.foolishly ；foolish ；fool 20.The necklace that she lost is very expensive.It’s of great ________. A.valuable B.value C.valueless D.unvaluable
第二讲现代汉语的构词法和构形法
第三讲现代汉语的构词法和构形法 一．词的构成单位——语素 1．语素的含义 语素，也叫词素，如前所述，一般定义为语言中最小的音义结合体，是构词的材料。有的学者将语素和词素分别解说，认为应该严格区分语素同词素。如刘叔新先生就指出：“词素应就词的构造成素、即一个词能够划分出的小于词的构成单位而言。它是词或词干的直接组成成分。语素的含义则广阔得多；指的是语言中一切最小的（本身不能再分成两个的）音义结合单位，包括最简单的、不能划分出不同构造成分来的词……、词内可以划分出的最小音义结合单位……，以及句子结构中有一定语气和音调形式的句调和有一定关系意义的特定词序……。因此，语素包括了词素，但是很多语素却并非词素。”“一个词，要是本身不能划分出不同的构造成分来，是个最小的音义结合单位，那么它当然是个语素，却不能说是个词素——那样说在逻辑上或公理上显然通不过去。词素是比词小的、构造词或词干的直接成分，一个词不能够同时说它是词素。所谓‘单词素词’的说法，当然也很不合逻辑。”1刘先生这里所说的“语素”和“词素”的内涵同目前学界通用的“语（词）素”的内涵有所不同：被刘先生重新定义了的“语素”不仅函概所有的音义结合体，还包括句调和词序；而同样被重新定义了的“词素”仅指“一个词能够划分出的小于词的构成单位”2。这样界定“语素”、“词素”作为一种探索未尝不可，但却不能就依此指责学界“语素”、“词素”不分，同样也不能依此断言“单词（语）素词”的说法是“很不合逻辑”的，因为所用术语的内涵有所不同。我们倒觉得，把“走”、“读”、“回”、“家”叫做“单语（词）素词”没有什么不好；而若按刘先生的意见管它们叫做“语素”，管“走读”、“回家”中的“走”、“读”、“回”、“家”叫做“词素”，反而会纠缠不清，徒增麻烦。何况在语言学中，处于构成关系中的上下级语言单位发生重合的现象又哪里仅体现在词的层面，都知道句子是由词构成的，句子和词为上下级语言单位，可不是照样有大量的“独词句”3存在吗？我们是否也应赋予这些能独立构成句子的词以一个“词”以外的名称呢？ 2．语素的确认 由于汉语中，语素、音节以及记录语素、音节的汉字往往一致，但也有不一致的时候，所以，碰到一个汉字或一个音节的时候，是语素还是语素的构成部分，是需要作一下鉴别的，这便是语素的确认问题。 关于语素的确认，以往一般采用的是所谓的“替换法”。关于“替换法”，黄伯荣、廖序东《现代汉语》（增订二版）（上册）有一段颇有代表性的说明，兹录如下：确定语素可以采用替换法，用已知语素替代有待确定是否语素的语言单位。“蜡烛”中的“蜡”和“烛”可以为别的已知语素所替代。……可见“蜡”和“烛”各是一个语素。须注意的是两种替代缺一不可。例如“蝴蝶”中的“蝴”，虽然可以为其他语素所替代，如“粉蝶、彩蝶”等，“蝶”却不能为别的已知语素所代替，即“蝴~”不能换填其他语素。因此“蝴蝶”只是一个语素。“蝶”在别的组合“粉蝶、彩蝶”中仍是一个语素。采用替代法还要注 1刘叔心《汉语描写词汇学》第64~65页，商务印书馆，1990。 2这种观点可能源之于吕叔湘先生。吕先生曾指出：“语素可以定义为‘最小的语音语义结合体’。也可以拿‘词素’做最小的单位，只包括不能单独成为词的语素。”见吕叔湘《汉语语法分析问题》第15页，商务印书馆，1979。 3这里所说的“独词句”同语法学中所说的“独词句”有所不同：语法学中所说的“独词句”指的是非主谓句中“无主句”以外的各种句子，有的由偏正词组等构成，有的由一个词构成；而这里所说的“独词句”仅指由一个词构成的句子。