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计算机英语第三版课后习题答案

Unit One/Section A

I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1.Charles Babbage;Augusta Ada Byron

2.input;output

3.VLSI

4.workstations;mainframes

5.vacuum;transistors

6.instructions;software

7.digit;eight;byte

8.microminiaturization;chip

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1.artificial intelligence人工智能

2.paper-tape reader纸带阅读器

3.optical computer光计算机

4.neural network神经网络

5.instruction set指令集

6.parallel processing并行处理

7.difference engine差分机

8.versatile logical element通用逻辑元件

9.silicon substrate硅衬底

10.vacuum tube真空管

11.数据的存储与处理the storage and handling of data

12.超大规模集成电路very large-scale integrated circuit

13.中央处理器central processing unit

14.个人计算机personal computer

15.模拟计算机analogue computer

16.数字计算机digital computer

17.通用计算机general-purpose computer

18.处理器芯片processor chip

19.操作指令operating instructions

20.输入设备input device

III.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,making

changes if necessary:

We can define a computer as a device that accepts input,processes data,stores data,and

produces output.According to the mode of processing,computers are either analog or digital.

They can also be classified as mainframes,minicomputers,workstations,or microcomputers.

All else(for example,the age of the machine)being equal,this categorization provides some

indication of the computer’s speed,size,cost,and abilities.

Ever since the advent of computers,there have been constant changes.First-generation

computers of historic significance,such as UNIVAC(通用自动计算机),introduced in the

early 1950s,were based on vacuum tubes.Second-generation computers,appearing in the

early 1960s,were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes.In third-generation

computers,dating from the 1960s,integrated circuits replaced transistors.In fourth-generation

computers such as microcomputers,which first appeared in the mid-1970s,large-scale

integration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip.Fifth-generation

computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches

to computing,including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.

IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:

计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。语音识别的改进将使计算机的操

作更加容易。虚拟现实，即使用所有人类官能与计算机进行交互的技术，也将有助于创建更好的人机接口。人们正在开发其他的奇异计算模型，包括使用生物机体的生物计算、使用具有特定属性的分子的分子计算，以及使用遗传基本单位DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）存储数据和执行操作的计算。这些都是可能的未来计算平台的例子，而它们迄今还能力有限或完全属于理论范畴。科学家们研究它们，是因为嵌入硅中的电路的微小型化受到物理限制。还有一些限制与甚至最微小的晶体管也会产生的热量有关。

Unit One/Section B

I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1.experimentation

2.interfacing

3.interdisciplinary

4.microprocessor

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1.artificial neural network人工神经网络

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/997175567.html,puter architecture计算机体系结构

3.robust computer program健壮的计算机程序

4.human-computer interface人机接口

5.knowledge representation知识表示

6.数值分析numerical analysis

7.程序设计环境programming environment

8.数据结构data structure

9.存储和检索信息store and retrieve information

10.虚拟现实virtual reality

Unit One/Section C

I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1.format

2.synchronization

3.virtual

4.multimedia;third-party

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1.data field数据字段，数据域

2.learning curve学习曲线

3.third-party solution第三方解决方案

4.Windows Media Player Windows媒体播放器

5.开始按钮Start button

6.指定输入区designated input area

7.手写体识别系统handwriting-recognition system

8.字符集character set

Unit Two:Computer Architecture

Unit Two/Section A

I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1.input;output;storage

2.Basic Input/Output System

3.flatbed scanners;hand-held scanners

4.LCD-based

5.dot-matrix printers;inkjet printers

6.disk drives;memory

7.volatile

8.serial;parallel

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1.function key功能键，操作键

2.voice recognition module语音识别模块

3.touch-sensitive region触敏区

4.address bus地址总线

5.flatbed scanner平板扫描仪

6.dot-matrix printer点阵打印机（针式打印机）

7.parallel connection并行连接

8.cathode ray tube阴极射线管

9.video game电子游戏

10.audio signal音频信号

11.操作系统operating system

12.液晶显示（器）LCD(liquid crystal display)

13.喷墨打印机inkjet printer

14.数据总线data bus

15.串行连接serial connection

16.易失性存储器volatile memory

17.激光打印机laser printer

18.磁盘驱动器disk drive

19.基本输入/输出系统BIOS(Basic Input/Output System)

20.视频显示器video display

III.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,making

changes if necessary:

CD-ROM stands for compact disc read-only memory.Unlike floppy and hard disks, which use magnetic charges to represent 1s and 0s,optical discs use reflected light.On a

CD-ROM disc,1s and 0s are represented by flat areas and bumpy(高低不平的)areas(called

“pits”)on its bottom surface.The CD-ROM disc is read by a laser that projects a tiny beam of

light on these areas.The amount of reflected light determines whether the area represents a 1

or a 0.

Like a commercial CD found in music stores,a CD-ROM is a“read-only”disc.

Read-only means it cannot be written on or erased by the user.Thus,you as a user have

access only to the data imprinted(压印)by the publisher.

A single CD-ROM disc can store 650 megabytes(兆字节)of data.That is equivalent to

451 floppy disks.With that much information on a single disc,the time to retrieve or access

the information is very important.An important characteristic of CD-ROM drives is their

access rate.

IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:

调制解调器是在模拟和数字信号之间进行转换的设备。计算机使用的是数字信号，

这种信号由离散单元组成，通常用一系列1和0表示。模拟信号是连续变化的；声波就是

模拟信号的一个例子。调制解调器经常用于实现计算机之间通过电话线的互相通信。调制解调器将发送端计算机的数字信号转换成可通过电话线传输的模拟信号。信号到达目的地后，另外一个调制解调器重构原来的数字信号，供接收端计算机处理。如果两个调制解调器可同时互相发送数据，那么它们采用的就是全双工工作方式；如果一次只有一个调制解调器可以发送数据，那么它们采用的则是半双工工作方式。

Unit Two/Section B

I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1.graphical

2.file;scheduler

3.virtual

4.slice

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice

versa:

1.interrupt handler中断处理程序

2.virtual memory虚拟存储（器），虚存，虚拟内存

3.context switch上下文转换，语境转换

4.main memory主存（储器）

5.bit pattern位模式

6.外围设备peripheral device

7.进程表process table

8.时间片time slice

9.图形用户界面graphical user interface

10.海量存储器mass storage

Unit Two/Section C

I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1.repository

2.central;sub-systems

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/997175567.html,work

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/997175567.html,yered或abstract machine

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1.code generator代码生成程序，代码发生器

2.abstract machine抽象机

3.program editor程序编辑程序，程序编辑器

4.configuration item配置项

5.计算机辅助设计CAD(computer-aided design)

6.数据冗余data redundancy

7.指挥与控制系统command and control system

8.视频压缩与解压缩video compression and decompression

Unit Three:Computer Language and Programming

Unit Three/Section A

I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1.artificial;instructions

2.low-level;high-level

3.machine

4.machine

5.functional;logic

6.statement

7.module

8.digital

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1.storage register存储寄存器

2.function statement函数语句

3.program statement程序语句

4.object-oriented language面向对象语言

5.assembly language汇编语言

6.intermediate language中间语言，中级语言

7.relational language关系（型）语言

8.artificial language人工语言

9.data declaration数据声明

10.SQL结构化查询语言

11.可执行程序executable program

12.程序模块program module

13.条件语句conditional statement

14.赋值语句assignment statement

15.逻辑语言logic language

16.机器语言machine language

17.函数式语言functional language

18.程序设计语言programming language

19.运行计算机程序run a computer program

20.计算机程序员computer programmer

III.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,making

changes if necessary:

A programming language is a language used to write instructions for the computer.It lets

the programmer express data processing in a symbolic manner without regard to machine-specific details.

The difficulty of writing programs in the machine language of 0s and 1s led first to the

development of assembly language,which allows programmers to use mnemonics(助记符)

for instructions and symbols for variables.Such programs are then translated by a program

known as an assembler into the binary encoding used by the computer.Other pieces of system

software known as linking loaders(连接装入程序)combine pieces of assembled code and

load them into the machine’s main memory unit,where they are then ready for execution.The

concept of linking separate pieces of code was important,since it allowed “libraries”of

programs to be built up to carry out common tasks—a first step toward the increasingly

emphasized notion of software reuse.Assembly language was found to be sufficiently

inconvenient that higher-level languages(closer to natural languages)were invented in the

1950s for easier,faster programming;along with them came the need for

compilers,programs

that translate high-level language programs into machine code.As programming languages

became more powerful and abstract,building efficient compilers that create high-quality code

in terms of execution speed and storage consumption became an interesting computer science

problem in itself.

IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:

面向对象程序设计语言，如C++和Java，基于传统的高级语言，但它们使程序设计

员能够从合作对象集而非命令列表的角度进行思考。诸如圆之类的对象具有像圆的半径一类的属性，以及在计算机屏幕上绘制该对象的命令。一个对象类可以从其他的对象类继承特征。例如，定义正方形的类可以从定义长方形的类那里继承直角等特征。这一套程序设计类简化了程序设计员的工作，带来了更多“可复用的”计算机代码。可复用代码使程序设计员可以使用已经设计、编写和测试的代码。这使得程序设计员的工作变得比较容易，并带来更加可靠和高效的程序。

Unit Three/Section B

I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1.objects

2.platform-independent

3.multithreading

4.runtime

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1.native code本机（代）码

2.header file头标文件；页眉文件

3.multithreaded program多线程程序

4.Java-enabled browser支持Java的浏览器

5.malicious code恶意代码

6.机器码machine code

7.汇编码assembly code

8.特洛伊木马程序Trojan horse

9.软件包software package

10.类层次class hierarchy

Unit Three/Section C

I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1.subscript;index

2.fixed

3.histogram

4.two-dimensional

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1.bar chart条形图

2.frequency array频率数组

3.graphical representation图形表示

4.multidimensional array多维数组

5.用户视图user(’s)view

6.下标形式subscript form

7.一维数组one-dimensional array

8.编程结构programming construct

Unit Four:Software Development

Unit Four/Section A

I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1.application;operating

2.assemblers

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/997175567.html,piler

4.interpreter

5.debugger

6.loop

7.device driver

8.John von Neumann

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1.inference engine推理机

2.system call系统调用

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/997175567.html,piled language编译执行的语言

4.parallel computing并行计算

5.pattern matching模式匹配

6.memory location存储单元

7.interpreter program解释程序

8.library routine库程序，程序库例行程序

9.intermediate program中间程序，过渡程序

10.source file源文件

11.解释执行的语言interpreted language

12.设备驱动程序device driver

13.源程序source program

14.调试程序debugging program

15.目标代码object code

16.应用程序application program

17.实用程序utility program

18.逻辑程序logic program

19.墨盒ink cartridge

20.程序的存储与执行program storage and execution

III.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,making

changes if necessary:

A compiler,in computer science,is a computer program that translates source code into

object code.Software engineers write source code using high-level programming languages

that people can https://www.wendangku.net/doc/997175567.html,puters cannot directly execute source code,but need a

compiler to translate these instructions into a low-level language called machine code.

Compilers collect and reorganize(compile)all the instructions in a given set of source

code to produce object code.Object code is often the same as or similar to a computer’s

machine code.If the object code is the same as the machine language,the computer can run

the program immediately after the compiler produces its translation.If the object code is not

in machine language,other programs—such as assemblers,binders(联编程序),linkers,and

loaders(加载程序)—finish the translation.

Most computer languages use different versions of compilers for different types of

computers or operating systems,so one language may have different compilers for personal

computers(PC)and Apple Macintosh computers.Many different manufacturers often produce

versions of the same programming language,so compilers for a language may vary between

manufacturers.

IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:

在软件中，错误是指导致程序发生故障或产生不正确结果的编码或逻辑错误。较轻

微的错误，如光标表现异常，会造成不便或带来挫折，但不会对信息产生破坏性影响。

较严重的错误会导致程序“中止”（对命令停止反应），可能使用户别无选择，只能重新启动程序，结果致使任何前面已经做好但尚未保存的工作丢失。两种情况无论是哪一种，程序员都必须凭借称为调试的过程，发现并改正错误。由于错误对重要数据的潜在危险，商用应用程序在发行前要经过尽可能全面的测试与调试。程序发行后发现的较轻微错误在下一次更新时改正；较严重的错误有时可用称为补丁的特殊软件加以修补，以规避问题或减轻其影响。

Unit Four/Section B

I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1.Machine

2.developers;components

3.CORBA

4.runtime

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1.messaging model消息接发模型

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/997175567.html,mon language runtime通用语言运行时刻（环境）

3.hierarchical namespace分层名称空间

4.development community开发界

5.CORBA公用对象请求代理（程序）体系结构

6.基本组件base component

7.元数据标记metadata tag

8.虚拟机virtual machine

9.集成开发环境IDE（integrated development environment）

10.简单对象访问协议SOAP（Simple Object Access Protocol）

Unit Four/Section C

I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1.heterogeneous

2.asynchronous

3.bridges

4.openness

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1.procedure call过程调用

2.fault tolerance容错

3.homogeneous system同构系统

4.autonomous agent自主主体

5.路由算法routing algorithm

6.异构型环境heterogeneous environment

7.多址通信协议multicast protocol

8.通信链路communication(s)link

Unit Five:Software Process

Unit Five/Section A

I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1.off-the-shelf

2.exclusive

3.cascade

4.requirements;integration

5.throwaway

6.immediate;stable

7.reuse-oriented;framework

8.software;compromises

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1.system specification系统规格说明

2.unit testing单位（或单元、部件）测试

3.software life cycle软件生命周期（或生存周期）

4.system validation testing系统验证测试

5.evolutionary development process演化开发过程

6.simple linear model简单线性模型

7.program unit程序单元

8.throwaway prototype抛弃式原型

9.text formatting正文格式编排，文本格式化

10.system evolution系统演变

11.系统设计范例system design paradigm

12.需求分析与定义requirements analysis and definition

13.探索式编程方法exploratory programming approach

14.系统文件编制system documentation

15.瀑布模型waterfall model

16.系统集成system integration

17.商用现成软件commercial off-the-shelf(或COTS)software

18.基于组件的软件工程component-based software engineering(CBSE)

19.软件维护工具software maintenance tool

20.软件复用software reuse

III.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,making

changes if necessary:

There are three different types of software maintenance.Firstly,there is maintenance to

repair software faults.Coding errors are usually relatively cheap to correct;design errors are

more expensive as they may involve rewriting several program components.Requirements

errors are the most expensive to repair because of the extensive system redesign that may be

necessary.Secondly,there is maintenance to adapt the software to a different operating

environment.This type of maintenance is required when some aspect of the system’s

environment such as the hardware,the platform operating system or other support software

changes.The application system must be modified to adapt it to cope with these environmental

changes.And thirdly,there is maintenance to add to or modify the system’s functionality.

This type of maintenance is necessary when the system requirements change in response to

organizational or business change.The scale of the changes required to the software is often

much greater than for the other types of maintenance.In practice,there isn’t a clear-cut

distinction between these types of maintenance.When you adapt the system to a new

environment,you may add functionality to take advantage of new environmental

features.

Software faults are often exposed because users use the system in unanticipated ways.

Changing the system to accommodate their way of working is the best way to fix these faults.

IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:

软件过程比较复杂，而且像所有其他的智能和创造性过程一样，依靠人们作出决定

和判断。由于需要判断和创造性，使软件过程自动化的尝试只取得了有限的成功。计算机辅助软件工程工具可支持软件过程的某些活动。然而，至少是在未来几年内，不可能实现更广泛的软件过程自动化，使软件能够接替参与软件过程的工程师来从事创造性设计。

计算机辅助软件工程工具的有效性有限，原因之一是软件过程多种多样。不存在理

想的过程，而且许多组织机构发展了自己的软件开发方法。这些软件过程不断演变，以利用组织机构中的人员的能力和开发中的系统的具体特点。对于一些系统来说，需要的是一个高度结构化的开发过程，而对于另外一些系统来说，一个灵活敏捷的过程很可能更为有效。

Unit Five/Section B

I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1.entity

2.duration

3.data;process或process;data

4.implemented

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1.check box复选框，选择框，校验框

2.structured design结构化设计

3.building block积木块，构建模块，构件

4.database schema数据库模式

5.radio button单选（按）钮

6.系统建模技术system modeling technique

7.模型驱动开发model-driven development

8.数据流程图data flow diagram

9.下拉式菜单drop-down(或pull-down)menu

10.滚动条scroll bar

Unit Five/Section C

I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1.problem

2.consequences

3.design

4.specific;general

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1.procedural language过程语言

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/997175567.html,mon design structure通用设计结构

3.class and object interaction类与对象交互

4.design constraint设计约束

5.设计模式design pattern

6.可复用软件reusable software

7.面向对象的系统object-oriented system

8.继承层次inheritance hierarchy

Unit Six:Database

Unit Six/Section A

I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1.flat

2.data

3.application;administrators

4.conceptual

5.tables

6.fragmented;replicated

7.structured

8.entity-relationship;attributes

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1.end user最终用户，终端用户

2.atomic operation原子操作

3.database administrator数据库管理员

4.relational database model关系数据库模型

5.local data本地数据

6.object-oriented database面向对象数据库

7.database management system(DBMS)数据库管理系统

8.entity-relationship model(ERM)实体关系模型

9.distributed database分布式数据库

10.flat file平面文件

11.二维表two-dimensional table

12.数据属性data attribute

13.数据库对象database object

14.存储设备storage device

15.数据类型data type

16.数据插入与删除data insertion and deletion

17.层次数据库模型hierarchical database model

18.数据库体系结构database architecture

19.关系数据库管理系统relational database management system(RDBMS)

20.全局控制总线global control bus

III.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,making

changes if necessary:

A database is any collection of data organized for storage in a computer memory and

designed for easy access by authorized users.The data may be in the form of text,numbers,or

encoded graphics.Small databases were first developed or funded by the https://www.wendangku.net/doc/997175567.html,ernment for

agency or professional use.In the 1960s,some databases became commercially available,but

their use was funnelled(传送)through a few so-called research centers that collected

information inquiries and handled them in batches.Online databases—that is,databases

available to anyone who could link up to them by computer—first appeared in the 1970s.

Since their first,experimental appearance in the 1950s,databases have become so important

that they can be found in almost every field of https://www.wendangku.net/doc/997175567.html,ernment,military,and

industrial databases are often highly restricted,and professional databases are usually of

limited interest.A wide range of commercial,governmental,and nonprofit databases are

available to the general public,however,and may be used by anyone who owns or has access

to the equipment that they require.

IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:

在关系数据库中，表的行表示记录（关于不同项的信息集），列表示字段（一个记

录的特定属性）。在进行搜索时，关系数据库将一个表中的一个字段的信息与另一个表中的一个相应字段的信息进行匹配，以生成将来自这两个表的所要求数据结合起来的另一个表。例如，如果一个表包含EMPLOYEE-ID、LAST-NAME、FIRST-NAME和

HIRE-DATE字段，另一个表包含DEPT、EMPLOYEE-ID和SALARY字段，关系数据库

可匹配这两个表中的EMPLOYEE-ID字段，以找到特定的信息，如所有挣到一定薪水的雇员的姓名或所有在某个日期之后受雇的雇员所属的部门。换言之，关系数据库使用两个表中的匹配值，将一个表中的信息与另一个表中的信息联系起来。微型计算机数据库产品一般是关系数据库。

Unit Six/Section B

I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/997175567.html,mit

2.scheduler

3.shared;exclusive

4.wound-wait

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1.nonvolatile storage system非易失性存储系统

2.equipment malfunction设备故障

3.wound-wait protocol受伤―等待协议

4.exclusive lock排它锁，互斥（型）锁

5.database integrity数据库完整性

6.共享锁shared lock

7.数据库实现database implementation

8.级联回滚cascading rollback

9.数据项data item

10.分时操作系统time-sharing operating system

Unit Six/Section C

I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1.data access

2.bridge;native或native;bridge

3.pooling

4.try;catch

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1.base class基（本）类

2.data library数据（文件）库

3.data access stack数据存取栈

4.database-specific functionality数据库特有的功能

5.默认设置default setting

6.异常处理程序exception handler

7.β测试beta testing

8.桥接提供程序bridge provider

Unit Seven:Computer Communications

Unit Seven/Section A

I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1.telegraph

2.dots;dashes

3.media

4.point-to-point

5.analog

6.digital

7.text-based

8.modem

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1.microwave radio微波无线电

2.digital television数字电视

3.DSL数字用户线路

4.analog transmission模拟传输

5.on-screen pointer屏幕上的指针

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/997175567.html,puter terminal计算机终端

7.radio telephone无线电话

8.cellular telephone蜂窝电话，移动电话，手机

9.decentralized network分散型网络

10.wire-based internal network基于导线的内部网络，有线内部网

11.光缆fiber-optic cable

12.传真机fax machine

13.无线通信wireless communications

14.点对点通信point-to-point communications

15.调制电脉冲modulated electrical impulse

16.通信卫星communication(s)satellite

17.电报电键telegraph key

18.传输媒体transmission medium(或media)

19.无绳电话cordless telephone

20.金属导体metal conductor

III.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,making

changes if necessary:

Data communications is the process of transmitting and receiving data in an orderly way

so the data that arrives at its destination is an accurate duplication(复制)of the data that was

sent.When data travels a short distance,such as when you send data from your computer to

your printer,it is referred to as local communications.When data travels a long distance,the

communication is referred to as telecommunications;the prefix(前缀)“tele”is derived from a

Greek word that means“far”or“far off.”

The difference between a short distance and a long distance is somewhat arbitrary(武断

的).For example,if your computer sends data to a printer in the next room,it is regarded as

local communications;if you phone the person in the next room,you are transmitting data

over a telecommunications device.However,the same basic communications concepts apply

to both local communications and telecommunications.

Basic data communications concepts are the building blocks for understanding how data

travels on a communications system.These concepts come in handy(派得上用处)when you

install,configure,or upgrade a local area network.In addition,these concepts help you set up

modems,fax machines,and cellular data transfers.

IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:

个人计算机使用电信来提供传输链路，用于传送音频、视频、文本、软件和多媒体

服务。许多专家认为，这些服务的结合将带来用户对新一代高速、宽带网络的需求。当前，这些音频、视频和文本服务大多通过现有的电话连接使用因特网传送。有些计算机使用综合业务数字网或数字用户线路直接连接到电话网的数字部分，但这要求在用户处有专门的设备。此外，电话及有线电视公司还必须对其线路进行升级，以使其能够进行高速数据传输。在许多地点，有高速数据传输需求的公司和个人现在可选择从电话公司得到数字用户线路服务，从有线电视公司得到光缆调制解调器服务。

Unit Seven/Section B

I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1.controller

2.main;CPU

3.digital;voice

4.parallel;serial或serial;parallel

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1.bit map位图，位映象

2.parallel port并行端口

3.direct memory access(DMA)直接存储器存取

4.universal serial bus通用串行总线

5.general-purpose register通用寄存器

6.电路板circuit board

7.串行通信serial communication

8.数码照相机digital camera

9.存储映射输入/输出memory-mapped I/O

10.有线电视cable television

Unit Seven/Section C

I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1.Transfer

2.cells

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/997175567.html,bel

4.integrated

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1.high-definition TV高清晰度电视

2.frame relay帧中继

3.data rate数据（速）率

4.metropolitan area network城域网

5.机顶盒set-top box

6.多模光纤multi-mode fiber

7.协议堆栈protocol stack

8.虚拟路径标识符VPI(virtual path identifier)

Unit Eight:Computer Networks

Unit Eight/Section A

I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1.MAN

2.open;closed

3.bus

4.token

5.Ethernet

6.client/server

7.equals;temporary

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/997175567.html,work

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1.file server文件服务器

2.carrier sense载波检测，载波监听

3.protocol suite协议组，协议集

4.peer-to-peer model对等模型

5.bus topology network总线拓扑网络

6.inter-machine cooperation机器间合作，计算机间合作

7.Ethernet protocol collection以太网协议集

8.proprietary network专有网络

9.utility package实用软件包，公用程序包

10.star network星形网络

11.局域网local area network(LAN)

12.令牌环token ring

13.无线网络wireless network

14.封闭式网络closed network

15.环形拓扑结构ring topology

16.客户机/服务器模型client/server model

17.网络应用程序network application

18.进程间通信interprocess communication

19.打印服务器print server

20.广域网wide area network(WAN)

III.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,making

changes if necessary:

Computers can communicate with other computers through a series of connections and

associated hardware called a network.The advantage of a network is that data can be

exchanged rapidly,and software and hardware resources,such as hard-disk space or printers,

can be https://www.wendangku.net/doc/997175567.html,works also allow remote use of a computer by a user who cannot physically

access the computer.

One type of network,a local area network(LAN),consists of several PCs or workstations

connected to a special computer called a server,often within the same building

or office

complex.The server stores and manages programs and data.A server often contains all of a

networked group’s data and enables LAN workstations or PCs to be set up without large

storage capabilities.In this scenario(方案),each PC may have“local”memory(for example,

a hard drive)specific to itself,but the bulk of storage resides on the server.This reduces the

cost of the workstation or PC because less expensive computers can be purchased,and it

simplifies the maintenance of software because the software resides only on the server rather

than on each individual workstation or PC.

IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:

在计算机科学中，网络是指由通信设备连接在一起的一组计算机及其相关设备。网

络可采用电缆等永久性连接，或者采用通过电话或其他通信链路而实现的临时性连接。

网络可以小到由少数计算机、打印机以及其他设备构成的局域网，也可以由分布在广大地理区域的许多小型与大型计算机组成。计算机网络无论大小，其存在的目的均在于为计算机用户提供以电子方式进行信息通信与传送的方法。有些类型的通信是简单的用户到用户消息；有些称为分布式过程，可能涉及数台计算机，以及在执行任务中分担工作量或进行协作。

Unit Eight/Section B

I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1.terminator

2.sub-central

3.tree;central

4.mesh

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1.routing path路由选择通路

2.dual-ring topology双环形拓扑结构

3.extended star topology扩展星形拓扑结构

4.backbone network基干网，骨干网

5.mesh topology网格拓扑结构

6.同轴电缆coaxial cable

7.逻辑拓扑结构logical topology

8.无冲突连网环境collision-free networking environment

9.树形拓扑结构tree topology

10.目的地节点destination node

Unit Eight/Section C

I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1.repeater

2.data-link

3.gateway

4.router

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1.destination address目的地址

2.performance degradation性能退化（或降级）

3.four-interface bridge 4接口网桥

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/997175567.html,mon bus公共总线，公用总线

5.数据链路层data-link layer

6.协议转换器protocol converter

7.开放式系统互连OSI(Open Systems Interconnection)

8.物理地址physical address

Unit Nine:The Internet

Unit Nine/Section A

I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1.research

2.ICANN或the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

3.router;gateway

4.temporary/dial-up;permanent/dedicated

5.ISP或Internet service provider

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/997175567.html,work;host

7.decimal

8.mnemonic

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1.cell phone蜂窝电话，移动电话，手机

2.IP address网际协议地址，IP地址

3.autonomous system自主系统

4.dial-up connection拨号连接

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/997175567.html,work identifier网络标识符

6.binary notation二进制记数法

7.mnemonic name助记名，缩写名

8.Internet-wide directory system因特网范围的目录系统

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/997175567.html, server名称服务器

10.Internet infrastructure因特网基础结构

11.助记地址mnemonic address

12.网吧cyber cafe

13.宽带因特网访问broadband Internet access

14.顶级域名top-level domain(TLD)

15.因特网编址Internet addressing

16.点分十进制记数法dotted decimal notation

17.因特网服务提供商Internet service provider(ISP)

18.专用因特网连接dedicated Internet connection

计算机英语第三版课文翻译

第一单元：计算机与计算机科学课文A：计算机概览一、引言计算机是一种电子设备，它能接收一套指令或一个程序，然后通过对数字数据进行运算或对其他形式的信息进行处理来执行该程序。要不是由于计算机的发展，现代的高科技世界是不可能产生的。不同类型和大小的计算机在整个社会被用于存储和处理各种数据，从保密政府文件、银行交易到私人家庭账目。计算机通过自动化技术开辟了制造业的新纪元，而且它们也增强了现代通信系统的性能。在几乎每一个研究和应用技术领域，从构建宇宙模型到产生明天的气象报告，计算机都是必要的工具，并且它们的应用本身就开辟了人们推测的新领域。数据库服务和计算机网络使各种各样的信息源可供使用。同样的先进技术也使侵犯个人隐私和商业秘密成为可能。计算机犯罪已经成为作为现代技术代价组成部分的许多风险之一。二、历史第一台加法机是法国科学家、数学家和哲学家布莱斯.帕斯卡于1642年设计的，它是数字计算机的先驱。这个装置使用了一系列带有10个齿的轮子，每个齿代表从0到9的一个数字。轮子互相连接，从而通过按照正确的齿数向前转动轮子，就可以将数字彼此相加。17世纪70 年代，德国哲学家和数学家戈特弗里德.威廉.莱布尼兹对这台机器进行了改良，设计了一台也能做乘法的机器。法国发明家约瑟夫―玛丽.雅卡尔，在设计自动织机时，使用了穿孔的薄木板来控制复杂图案的编织。在19世纪80年代期间，美国统计学家赫尔曼.何勒里斯，想出了使用类似雅卡尔的木板那样的穿孔卡片来处理数据的主意。通过使用一种将穿孔卡片从电触点上移过的系统，他得以为1890年的美国人口普查汇编统计信息。 1、分析机也是在19世纪，英国数学家和发明家查尔斯.巴比奇，提出了现代数字计算机的原理。他构想出旨在处理复杂数学题的若干机器，如差分机。许多历史学家认为，巴比奇及其合伙人，数学家奥古斯塔.埃达.拜伦，是现代数字计算机的真正先驱。巴比奇的设计之一，分析机，具有现代计算机的许多特征。它有一个以一叠穿孔卡片的形式存在的输入流、一个保存数据的“仓库”、一个进行算术运算的“工厂”和一个产生永久性纪录的打印机。巴比奇未能将这个想法付诸实践，尽管在那个时代它在技术上很可能是可行的。 2、早期的计算机模拟计算机是19世纪末开始制造的。早期型号是靠转动的轴和齿轮来进行计算的。用任何其他方法都难以计算的方程近似数值，可以用这样的机器来求得。开尔文勋爵制造了一台机械潮汐预报器，这实际上就是一台专用模拟计算机。第一次和第二次世界大战期间，机械模拟计算系统，以及后来的电动模拟计算系统，在潜艇上被用作鱼雷航线预测器，在飞机上被用作轰炸瞄准具的控制器。有人还设计了另一个系统，用于预测密西西比河流域春天的洪水。 3、电子计算机第二次世界大战期间，以伦敦北面的布莱切利公园为工作地点的一组科学家和数学家，制造了最早的全电子数字计算机之一：“巨人”。到1943年12月，这个包含了1500个真空管的“巨人”开始运转了。它被以艾伦.图灵为首的小组用于破译德国用恩尼格码加密的无线电报，他们的尝试大部分是成功的。除此而外，在美国，约翰.阿塔纳索夫和克利福德.贝里早在1939年就在艾奥瓦州立学院

计算机专业英语教程(第四版)习题答案解析

计算机专业英语（第四版）课后习题答案 Unit 1 [Ex 1] 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. T 9. T 10. F [Ex 2] 1. input, storage, processing, and output 2. power; speed; memory 3. central processing unit 4. internal; primary; memory 5. keyboard; central processing unit; main memory; monitor [Ex 3] A. 1. F 2. D 3. G 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. E 8. H B. 1. user 2. monitor 3. data 4. keyboard 5. data processing 6. information 7. computer 8. memory [Ex 4] 1. input device 2. screen, screen 3. manipulates 4. instructions 5. retrieve 6. code 7. hard copy 8. Function [Ex. 5] 新处理器开始IT技术的新时代 New Processors Open New Era of IT Technologies Last week, Intel introduced to the public in Russia and other CIS countries a family of processors Intel Xeon E5-2600. They are more powerful and reliable and, importantly, are very economical in terms of energy consumption. Their presence opens a new era in the field of IT technologies and means that the cloud technology is getting closer. These processors are primarily designed for servers, data centers (DPC) and supercomputers. The emergence of this class of devices is not accidental. According to the regional director of Intel in Russia and other CIS states Dmitri Konash who spoke at the event, the market of IT-technology is developing so rapidly that, according to forecasts, by 2015 there will be 15 billion devices connected to the Internet, and over 3 billion of active users. 上周，英特尔公司向俄罗斯和其它独联体国家的公众推出了英特尔Xeon E5-2600系列处理器，它们更加强大可靠，尤其是在能量消耗方面更加经济实惠。它们的问世意味着IT技术领域开始了一个新时代，标志着云技术距离我们越来越近。这些处理器主要是为服务器、数字处理中心和超级计算机设计的。这种处理器的出现并非偶然。根据英特尔公司俄罗斯和其他独联体地区负责人Dmitri Konash就此事发表的看法，IT技术市场的发展速度极快，根据预测，到2015年与英特网连接的设施将有150亿，用户超过30亿。 [Ex 6] 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. F Unit 2 [Ex 1] 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. F [Ex 2] 1. sizes, shapes, processing capabilities

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[单选,共用题干题]Atransportlayerprotocolhasseveralresponsibilities,Oneistocreateaprocess-to-processprogram-to- programcommunication;TCPusesport1toaccomplishthis.Anotherresponsibilityofatransportlayerprotocolistocreatea2anderror- controlmechanismatthetransportlevel.TCPusesasliding3protocoltoachieveflowcontrol.Itusestheacknowledgmentpacket,time- out,andretransmissiontoachieve4control.Thetransportlayerisalsoresponsibleforprovidingaconnectionmechanismfortheapplicationprogram.Theapplicationprogramsends5ofdatatothetransportlayer.空白（1）处应选择（） A.A.numbers B.connection C.diagrams D.resources 传输层协议有多个职责。一是创建进程到进程（程序到程序）的通信，由TCP使用端口号来完成；另一个职责是在传输层创建流和差错控制机制。TCP利用滑动窗口协议来实现流控制。它使用确认分组、超时、重传机制来完成差错控制。传输层也负责为应用程序提供连接机制，应用程序将数据流发送到传输层，发送端的传输层负责建立于接收端之间的连接。

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