国际航运业务英语与函电

Lesson 1

1.Business letter have two purpose: to inform, and to organize

2.The general principle for the effective business letter-writing can be summed up in the “three C`s”. in the other words, letters should be :clearness、conciseness、courtesy、correctness、completeness、consideration(the “you”attitude)

Lesson 2

A business letter in English generally consists of eight main parts:

1.Heading (Letterhead)

2.Date ：英（日月年）；美（月日年）

3.Inside Name and Address

4.Salutation(称呼)

5.Subject Line (Caption)

6.Body of letter

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9b8875700.html,plimentary Close

Salutation close

英式：Dear Sirs/Sir/Madam yours faithfully

Dear Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms Smith yours sincerely

美式：Gentlemen sincerely/truly yours

8.Signature

Lesson 3 applications

When you write an application letter, as a rule,

The first step is to state you relevant information and requirements to the party concerned in clear and straightforward sentence.

The second step is to put in your request to them for assistance with courtesy.

The last step is to express your desire that the above mentioned request will be fully complied with without delay.

Lesson 5 personal injury and death

The report of personal injury and death should include the following points:

1.The exact time and place of the accident and identity of the

persona injured

2.The conditions at the time of the accident and explanation

of whether they brought about the accident

3.Description of the accident and nature of injuries, stating

the treatment administered to the injured person on board and/or shore

4.Analysis of the cause of the accident, ascertaining where

the responsibility lies

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9b8875700.html,s of the witnesses to the accident, including

crewmembers, if any, and a drawing or photograph of the area where the accident occurred

Lesson 7 cargo work

The chief officer should take into consideration the following principles in the handing of stowage and carriage of cargo 1.The most efficient use of space:

This is means that every cubic foot of ship`s space must be utilized to the best advantage and the broken stowage reduced to the minimum

2.The highest possible port speed

The distribution of cargo in the holds must be such as to assist correct and speedy cargo handling. It is customary to stow the cargo in reverse order of the intended discharge to avoid rearrangements of the consignments, and will not affect the ship`s stability, trim or strength

3.The safety of the cargo

4.The safety of ship and crew

Lesson 8 cargo damage

There are various kinds of cargo damage:

1.Original damage: is a damage to cargo, which originally

occurred before the shipment.

2.Stevedore damage: refers to the damage to cargo, which

occurs as a result of rough handling of cargo by stevedores at the handling or discharging port.

3.Heavy weather damage: mainly refer to water damage to cargo,

which often results form the heavy weather encountered by the ship either in loading operation an dock or on the voyage at sea

4.Sweat damage: sweat is condensation, which forms on the

ship`s side or on the surface of cargo within spaces due to the fluctuations of temperature on a long voyage

5.Pilferage(theft): is one of the causes of cargo shortage or

loss, which frequently occurs in loading or discharging operations

6.Inherent nature or vice of goods:

Lesson 9 port of regulations and agencies Generally,the business scope of a shipping agency includes the following:

1.Attending to the procedures for ship`s entry into and

departure form a port and arranging for pilotage , ship`s berthing, customs declaration formalities for inward and

outward shipment

2.Arranging marine survey, ship`s repair and fumigation;

cleaning and sweeping of cargo holds and supply of bunkers, fresh water, provisions, store, ect

3.Arranging shipments, booking space, applying for

supervision of loading/discharge, inspection, testing, weighting or measuring of cargo

4.Subject to authorization, signing bills of lading and

issuing documents relevant to handing/taking over of cargo or containers and arranging settlements of cargo claims 5.Attending to procedure for cargo operations, including

stuffing/unstuffing, transshipment and combined transportation of containers

6.Attending to marine casualties and salvage; arranging

medical treatment, replacement and repatriation for crewmembers

7.Attending to chartering, purchase/sale,

delivery/redelivery and handing/taking over of ships;

signing charter parties and purchase/sale contracts

8.On behalf of entrusting parties, calculating and collecting

freight; attending to settlement of despatch money or demurrage

Lesson 10 shipping documents

The circulation of the relevant shipping documents can be illustrated as follows:

1.The shipper (or consignor) makes an application to a

shipping company or its agent for the shipment of goods by filling up a booking note

2.After the acceptance of booking note, the shipping company

issues a shipping order(S/O)to the shipper, advising him of when and where to deliver the goods alongside the named ship 3.The shipper, on the strength of the S/O, goes through the

customs declaration formalities for outward goods and gets the goods ready for shipment

4.The agent prepares a loading list for the ship according to

the S/O(counter-foil)

5.The chief officer works out a stowage plant. A number of

copies are sent to the tally company and stevedoring company through the agent for the arrangement of loading and discharge

6.The chief tallyman checks all goods loaded on board against

the tally sheets and signs the S/O

7.The chief officer, by reference to the tally, endorses the

S/O, which then automatically becomes the mate`s receipt

(M/R) to be issued to the shipper after loading

8.After paying for the freight(prepaid), the shipper turns

over the M/R to the shipping company or agent in exchange for the B/L

9.The shipper sends the B/L and other relevant documents to

the bank for negotiation of payment

10.The agent makes out for the ship a suitable number of

copies of the export manifest (M/F) and freight manifest(F/M), which are required by the customs at the local port as well as other port of call

11.The consignee secures the B/L form the bank by effecting

the payment for goods

12.The consignee presents the B/L to the shipping company

or agent in exchange for the delivery order(D/O), by which he takes delivery of goods at the warehouse

Lesson 11 collision of ships

1.Collision of ships, in term of fault liability, can be classified into three categories: collision caused by fault of one party, collision caused by mixed fault and collision caused by no fault

2.A collision report including the following items:

1)The exact time of collision

2)The position, heading, and speed of each vessel at the

time of collision

3)Weather conditions(e.g. visibility, wind, sea and swell,

ect,)

4)An estimate of angle of collision to the other vessel

5)What actions taken by own vessel to avoid collision

6)The extent of damage caused to both vessels and the cargo

as far as known

7)The names of witness to the collision

8)General information (e.g. name, nationality, port of

registry, voyage, ect.) of both vessels

Lesson 13 charter party

1.Charter parties are diversified into three principal

categories: voyage charter, time charter and bareboat (demise) charter

2.The voyage charter is, in essence, a contract of

affreightment covering the movement a particular cargo from one designated port to another, at a stipulated rate of freight (charter hire) for each ton of the goods actually transported. The shipowner is responsible for all details of vessel operation. The charterer, in addition to putting the cargo within reach of the loading gear, must arrange for

the berthing places at port of loading and discharge, and quite often also must contract with stevedores to handle the cargo. Payment for the ship`s services must be made in accordance with the provisions of the charter-party

3.The time charter is one under which the shipowner places the

services of a ship at the disposal of the charterer for a specified period of time, or rather hires out to the charterer the entire shipping space of a ship for the carriage of cargo on time basis, Unlike the revenue earned under the voyage charter, which is calculated on the tonnage value of the cargo, the time charter hire is calculated on the carrying capacity of the ship plus running cost of the ship, excluding wages. So the larger the ship, the more the charterer pays

4.The bareboat (demise) charter is one under which the

shipowner transfers operational control of the ship to the charterer. The vessel must be seaworthy and full equipped at the time she is delivered to the charterer. During the chartering period, the burden and responsibility of operation are assumed by the charterer. The shipowner periodically receives the agreed payment which, as in the time charter, is based upon the deadweight tonnage of the

ship

Lesson 14 sea protest and general average

1.A note of sea protest is a declaration or deposition by the

master, made under oath, giving full particulars regarding heavy weather or other incident, which may have caused damage to the vessel or cargo during the voyage.

2.A ship has met with any of the following circumstances in

the course of the voyage, it is advisable for the master to note a sea protest:

1)Whenever during the voyage ship encounters conditions of

wind and sea, which may result in damage to cargo

2)When form any cause ship is damaged, or feared to be

damaged

3)When through stress of weather it has not been

practicable to adopt normal precautions in the matter of

ventilation of perishable cargo

4)When cargo is shipped in such a condition as likely to

suffer deterioration during the voyage (but, in this case, protest will not be effective unless B/L was endorsed to

show the condition of cargo at the time of shipment)

5)In all case of General Average

3.A general average acts when, and only when, any

extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure is voluntarily and reasonably made or incurred in the time of peril for the purpose of preserving the property imperiled in the common adventure.

4.Particular average is a term applied to any accidental loss,

less than a total loss of vessel and cargo, by a peril which is not of a general average nature

信函:（less3）

Write a application to Immigration Office in the port of Yokohama, Japan, requesting twenty-four landing permits

for the crew members of your ship on your arrival at the said port

如下：

M.V. “XXX”

Port of Yokohama

10 August, 2000 The Immigration Office

Port of Yokohama, Japan

Dear Sirs,

Re: Crew List Visa

In accordance with the regulations of Japan Government, any Chinese seamen in and with the ship sailing for a Japan port must get Crew List Visaed by the Japan Embassy or Consulate in the last port of call in order that they can

get landing permits when the ship arrives at the Japan port.

Manned with 24 Chinese seamen, my ship is bound for the port of Yokohama after completion of discharging at this port. I am hereby writing to ask you to take our Crew List

to Japan Consulate for Visa, we enclose herewith 4 copies

of Crew List and shall be must obliged if you would kindly management this matter without delay.

Yours truly, (Signed)

Master of M.V. “TAI HE”

信函翻译：

致亚丁港（port of Aden）“ABC”船务代理行

代理先生：

申请验船师

请您安排劳氏（Lloyd`s）验船师尽快来我船检查并证实甲板属

具等（deck fitting）在本航次从新加坡至亚丁港途中遭遇风暴

期间受损的程度。并再安排一位货物检验师在卸货之前来检查和

确认所有船舱内所装货物的状况。

望迅速办理此事，不胜感激。

“泰河”轮船长谨启

（签名）

亚丁港20_年8月10

日

M.V. “TAI HE”

Port of Aden

10 August, 2000

ABC Shipping Agency

Port of Aden

Dear Sir/Agent

Re: Application for Surveyors

Would you be kind enough to arrange for a Lloyd’s surveyor

to come on board my vessel as soon as possible to inspect and verify the extent of the damage to our deck fittings etc. which occurred during the storm we encountered on the present voyage from Singapore to Aden. Please also arrange

for a cargo surveyor to inspect and confirm the condition

of the cargo in all holds before breaking bulk.

Your immediate attention to this matter will be much appreciated.

Yours faithfully,

(Signed)

Master of M.V. “TAI HE” （lesson 5）

Write a short report on an account based on the following

outline

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9b8875700.html,, age, nationality, rank/rating of the injured, ect;

2.When, where and how the accident happened;

3.What has been done to help the injured

Re: Accident of a Stevedore

I regret to inform you that at about 7a.m. on 15 February

2000, while loading at your port, one stevedore by the name

of Hillman, aged 34, accidentally fell from the hatchway

of No.3 hatch tweendeck into lower hold, and seriously

injured his head and became unconscious at that moment. The

occurrence was reported to me instantly. Being given

first-aid treatment by ship’s doctor, the injured person,

accompanied by the doctor, was taken by an ambulance to the

near hospital for treatment. While the next day the ship’s

doctor phoned me that unfortunately the aforesaid stevedore

had died of the extremely serious injury in five hours after

the operation.

So far as I know, the aforesaid mishap was solely due to

his own fault. I hereby state that my ship is not in any way responsible for it. Thank you for your kind attention to this matter.

上海海事大学国际航运业务英语20132014A卷

上海海事大学试卷 2013-2014学年第二学期期末考试 《国际航运业务英语》（A卷） ⅠSingle Choice (1’ X10=10) 1 According to UCP 600, the “beginning” of a month in the letter of credit shall be construed as (D). A the 1st to the 10th B the 1st to the 5th C the 1st to the 15th D the 1st to the 3rd 2 The (A) is the party who concludes a contract with the carrier for carriage of goods by sea or deliver the goods to the carrier involved in the contract. A shipper B receiver C surveyor D adjuster 3 Regular services between/among fixed seaports are (B). A tramp services B liner services C supply chain services D multimodal transport services 4 To the individual shippers, the NVOCC serves as a (B) while to the actual carrier, he acts as a ( ). A shipper/shipper B carrier/shipper C shipper/carrier D carrier/actual carrier 5 According to (D), FOB means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at the named port of shipment or producers the goods already so delivered. A INCOTERMS 1980 B INCOTERMS 1990 C INCOTERMS 2000 D INCOTERMS 2010 6 (C) usually means that that the vessel is put at the disposal of the charterer for a long period of employment without any crew. A Voyage chartering B Non-seaman chartering C Bareboat chartering D Time chartering 7 If the L/C simply stipulates an expiry date without a shipment date, it means that (D). A two dates are not the same B expiry date is earlier than shipment date C two dates are the same D shipment date is earlier than expiry date 8 When one of the original bills of lading is surrendered to the carrier for taking delivery of goods, the others become (C). A valid B wrong C invalid D effect 9 The follow abbreviations are usually used to represent certain types of freight containers except (D). A DC B HQ C BC D MR 10 (B) is an important standard charter party for time chartering. A GENCON B NYPE C SCANCON D BARECON ⅡDecided whether the following statements are true of false, write “T” for true and “F” for false (1’ X10=10) 1 In terms of dry bulkers, a 120000 DWT ship is usually deemed as an Aframax one. F

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