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必修2第六章习题练习

必修2第六章习题练习
必修2第六章习题练习

习题练习

一、重力加速度和第一宇宙速度的计算

1、若某物体在火星表面做自由落体运动的时间是在地球表面同一高度处自由落体运动时间的1.5倍,已知地球半径是火星半径的2倍。

(1)求火星表面重力加速度g1与地球表面重力加速度g2的比值。

(2)求出在火星表面发射载人航天器的最小速度v1与地球上卫星最小发射速度v2的比值。

答案:(1)(2)

2.(多选)已知地球的质量为M,月球的质量为m,月球绕地球运行的轨道半径为r,周期为T,万有引力常量为G,则月球绕地球运转轨道处的重力加速度大小等

于( )

A. B. C. D.r

3.(多选)已知地球半径为R,质量为M,自转角速度为ω,地面重力加速度为g,万有引力常量为G,地球同步卫星的运行速度为v,则第一宇宙速度的值可表示

为( )

A. B. C. D.ωR

4.(2014·清远高一检测)关于宇宙速度的说法,正确的是( )

A.第一宇宙速度是人造地球卫星运行时的最大速度

B.第一宇宙速度是地球同步卫星的发射速度

C.人造地球卫星运行时的速度介于第一宇宙速度和第二宇宙速度之间

D.第三宇宙速度是物体逃离地球的最小速度

5.地球的第一宇宙速度约为8km/s,某行星的质量是地球质量的2倍,半径是地球半径的8倍,则该行星的第一宇宙速度约为

A.2 km/sB.4 km/sC.16 km/sD.32 km/s

二、中心天体质量和密度的计算

5.(临沂市重点中学2013~2014学年高一下学期联考)进入21世纪,我国启动了探月计划——“嫦娥工程”。同学们也对月球有了更多的关注。

(1)若已知地球半径为R,地球表面的重力加速度为g,月球绕地球运动的周期为T,月球绕地球的运动近似看做匀速圆周运动,试求出月球绕地球运动的轨道半径;

(2)若宇航员随登月飞船登陆月球后,在月球表面某处以速度v0竖直向上抛出一个小球,经过时间t,小球落回抛出点。已知月球半径为r,万有引力常量为G,试求出月球的质量M月。

答案:(1)3gR2T2

4π2(2)

2v0r2

Gt

6、(2014·襄阳高一检测)经过近7年时间,2亿千米在太空中穿行后,美航天局和欧航天局合作研究出的“卡西尼”号土星探测器于美国东部时间6月30日抵达预定轨道,开始“拜访”土星及其卫星家族,这是人类首次针对土星及其31颗已知卫星最详尽的探测。若“卡西尼”号土星探测器进入环绕土星上空的圆轨道飞行,已知土星半径为R,探测器离土星表面高度为h,环绕n 周的飞行时间为t 。求土星的质量M 和平均密度ρ(球体体积公式V=)。

7.(寿光一中2014~2015学年高一下学期检测)若有一艘宇宙飞船在某一行星表面做匀速圆周运动,设其周期为T ,引力常量为G ,那么该行星的平均密度为( )

A .GT 23π

B .3πGT 2

C .GT 24π

D .4πGT 2

8.有一宇宙飞船到了某行星附近(该行星没有自转运动),以速度v 绕行星表面做匀速圆周运动,测出运动的周期为T ,已知引力常量为G ,则下列结论正确..

的是( ) A .该行星的半径为v T B .该行星的平均密度为3πGT 2 C .该行星的质量为2v 3T g πD .该行星表面的自由落体加速度为2πv T

9.(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)假设地球可视为质量均匀分布的球体。已知地球表面重力加速度在两极的大小为g 0;在赤道的大小为g;地球自转的周期为T,引力常量为G 。地球的密度为

( )

A. B. C. D.

10.天文学家新发现了太阳系外的一颗行星,这颗行星的体积是地球的4.7倍,质量是地球的

25倍。已知某一近地卫星绕地球运动的周期约为1.4h,引力常量G=6.67×10-11N ·m 2/kg 2,由

此估算该行星的平均密度约为( )

A.1.8×103kg/m 3

B.5.6×103kg/m 3

C.1.1×104kg/m 3

D.2.9×104kg/m 3

三、人造卫星

11.(多选)2013年6月11日,我国航天员王亚平、聂海胜和张晓光乘坐“神舟十号”载人飞船顺利进入太空。与“神舟九号”相比,“神舟十号”的轨道更高,若宇宙飞船绕地球的运动可视为匀速圆周运动,则“神舟十号”比“神舟九号”的( )

A.线速度小

B.向心加速度大

C.运行周期大

D.角速度大

12、(多选)(2011·广东高考)已知地球质量为M,半径为R,自转周期为T,地球同步卫星质量为m,引力常量为G,有关同步卫星,下列表述正确的

是( )

A.卫星距地面的高度为

B.卫星的运行速度小于第一宇宙速度

C.卫星运行时受到的向心力大小为G

D.卫星运行的向心加速度小于地球表面的重力加速度

13.(多选)图中的甲是地球赤道上的一个物体,乙是“神舟十号”宇

宙飞船(周期约90min),丙是地球的同步卫星,它们运行的轨道示意

图如图所示,它们都绕地心做匀速圆周运动。下列有关说法中正确的

是( )

A .它们运动的向心加速度大小关系是a 乙>a 丙>a 甲

B.它们运动的线速度大小关系是v 乙

C.已知甲运动的周期T 甲=24h,可计算出地球的密度ρ=

D .已知乙运动的周期T 乙及轨道半径r 乙,可计算出地球质量M=

14.(多选)(2014·中山高一检测)发射地球同步卫星时,先将卫星发射至近地圆轨道1,然后经点火,使其沿椭圆轨道2运行,最后再次点火,将卫星送入同步圆轨道3,轨道1、2相切于Q 点,轨道2、3相切于P 点,如图所示。则卫星分别在1、2、3轨道上正

常运行时,以下说法正确的是( )

A.卫星在轨道1上经过Q 点时的速度等于它在轨道2上经过Q 点时的

速度

B .卫星在轨道1上经过Q 点时的速度小于它在轨道2上经过Q 点时的

速度

C.卫星在轨道1上经过Q 点时的加速度大于它在轨道2上经过Q 点时

的加速度

D .卫星在轨道2上经过P 点时的加速度等于它在轨道3上经过P 点时

的加速度

15、一物体静置在平均密度为ρ的球形天体表面的赤道上。已知万有引力常量G,若由于天体自转使物体对天体表面压力恰好为零,则天体自转周期为( )

A.(

B.(

C.(

D.(

16.(12分)我国执行首次载人航天飞行的“神舟五号”飞船于2003年10月15日在中国酒泉卫星发射中心发射升空。飞船由“长征-2F ”运载火箭先送

入近地点为A 、远地点为B 的椭圆轨道,在B 点实施变轨后,再

进入预定圆轨道,如图所示。已知飞船在预定圆轨道上飞行n

圈所用时间为t,近地点A 距地面高度为h 1,地球表面附近的重

力加速度为g,地球半径为R,求:

(1)飞船在近地点A 的加速度a A 为多大?

(2)远地点B 距地面的高度h 2为多少?

四、双星问题

17.银河系的恒星中大约四分之一是双星。某双星由质量不等的星体S 1和S 2构成,两星在相互之间的万有引力作用下绕两者连线上某一定点C 做匀速圆周运动。由天文观测得其周期为T ,S 1到C 点的距离为r 1,S 1和S 2的距离为r ,已知万有引力常量为G 。由此可求出S 2的质量为( )

A .4π2r 2(r -r 1)GT 2

B .4π2r 31GT 2

C .4π2r 3GT 2

D .4π2r 2r 1GT 2

18.月球与地球质量之比约为1∶80,有研究者认为月球和地球可视为一个由两质点构成的双星系统,它们都围绕地月连线上某点O 做匀速圆周运动。据此观点,可知月球与地球绕

O 点运动线速度大小之比约为( )

A .1∶6400

B .1∶80

C .80∶1

D .6400∶1

新人教版 高一英语必修一unit2同步练习及答案

一.单项填空 ( )1.—Sorry,sir.I didn’t quite follow you.—________.I’ll explain it to you later. A.Don’t worry B.Come on C.That’s right D.Don’t mention it ( )2.—We are going there by________sea. —Don’t you think it too slow?Why not take________train? A.the;/ B.the;the C./;/ D./;the ( )3.Ten minutes later,a bus________and everybody got on it. A.came up B.added up C.looked up D.put up ( )4.As you can see,the number of cars on our roads________rising these days. A.was keeping B.keep C.keeps D.were keeping ( )5.Every minute must be made full use of________spoken English. A.to practise B.practising C.practise D.practised ( )6.She understood what I was talking about,________it was the first time we had spoken together. A.whether B.even though C.as though D.since ( )7.My uncle knows several foreign languages,________English,French and Japanese. A.for example B.for instance C.such as D.that is ( )8.As the project________at the meeting,it drew our attention. A.comes up B.was coming up C.came up D.had come up ( )9.—What do you think______an important part in their lives?—Friends. A.plays B.takesw C.makes D.acts ( )10.This tree,among the tallest in the world,is________to a small area in southeastern Africa. A.present B.native C.official D.latter 第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分) A large cat arrived at a farm where many mice lived.None of them dared go outside for fear of being __1__by the cat. The mice decided to hold a __2__ to find a way of stopping themselves from being in__3__.One day,when the cat was out,mice of all ages__4__into the meeting room. “Let’s build a big trap,”one mouse__5__.When this idea was__6__,another said,“What about poisoning(毒死)her?”But __7__knew where to buy the poison.One young mouse,whose mother had become t he cat’s food,__8__said,“Let’s cut her teeth,so she can do no more harm.”But the meeting did not accept his__9__. At last,one mouse,__10__than the rest,jumped onto a table.Waving a bell,he called for__11__,“Be quiet!We’ll tie this bell to the cat’s tail,so we’ll always know__12__ she is!We’ll have__13__ to escape,and the slower and weaker mice will hear her coming and be able to__14__!”Hearing the words,everyone got__15__ and they congratulated him on his good idea. “We’ll tie it so tightly(紧紧地)that it will never__16__!” “She’ll never be able to walk__17__ again!Why,the other day,she suddenly appeared right in front of me!Just imagine...” However,the wise mouse said,“We must__18__who is going to tie it on her tail.”There was not a sound in the room.Nobody was__19__ enough to put the plan into action.The meeting ended without any decision being made. It’s often very__20__to have bright ideas,but putting them into practice is a more difficult matter. ( )1.A.trained B.taught C.caught D.invited。

高一化学必修2第三章测试题附答案

高一化学必修2 第三章测试题 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分; 一、选择题(本题包括10小题,每小题2分,共20分。每小题只有一个 ....选项符合题意。) 1.下列物质中,不属于高分子化合物的是() A .酶 B 天然橡胶 C 淀粉D硬脂酸甘油酯 2、中小学生使用的涂改液中含有挥发性的有毒溶剂,应告诫学生不要使用,减少对身体的毒害及对环境的污染,该溶剂所含的一种有毒成份可能是() A. 乙醇 B 乙酸 C 三氯乙烯D甘油 3、下列变化中,属于物理变化的是: A.煤的干馏B.石油的分馏C.石油的裂化D.铝热反应 4、去年3月11日杭甬高速公路萧山路段一辆运送化学物品的槽罐车侧翻,罐内15t苯泄入路边300m长的水渠,造成严重危险,许多新闻媒体进行了报道,以下报道中有科学性错误的是()A.由于大量苯溶入水中渗入土壤,会对周边农田、水源造成严重污染 B.由于苯是一种易挥发、易燃的物质,周围地区如果有一个火星就可能引起爆炸C.可以采取抽吸水渠中上层液体的办法,达到部分清除泄漏物的目的 D.处理事故时,由于事故发生地周围比较空旷,有人提出用点火焚烧的办法来清除泄漏物,但由于苯燃烧会产生大量的黑烟扩大污染,所以该办法未被采纳。 5、能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色,但不能跟溴水反应褪色的是() A.聚乙烯 B.乙烯 C.甲苯 D.裂化汽油 6.相同物质的量浓度的下列物质的稀溶液中,pH最小的是() A、乙醇 B、乙酸 C、氯化钠 D、碳酸 7.用分液漏斗可以分离的一组混合物是 A、溴苯和水 B、乙酸乙酯和乙酸 C、溴乙烷和乙醇 D、乙醇和水8.下列物质属于纯净物的是() A.苯B.天然气C.汽油D.煤 9.氯仿可用作全身麻醉剂,但在光照条件下,易被氧化成生成剧毒的光气(COCl2): ?光2HCl+2COCl2为防止发生医疗事故,在使用前要先检查是否变2CHCl3 +O2?→

高一化学必修2第三章第三节乙醇与乙酸练习题(附答案) 郭其炫

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最新英语必修一unit2句子翻译练习

Module 2 Unit 1 1.除非我们净化我们的环境,否则人类可能将无法生存。(clean up, survive) 2.这时目前为止我所看过的最好的电影中的一部。 3.他已决定去巴黎渡假,而不去伦敦。( rather than ) 4.我家门前的漂亮新车是我邻居的,不是我的。( belong to ) 5.她给我们食物和衣服,没有要求任何回报,这一切都让我们很感 激。(in return; which; grateful ) 6.他那么粗鲁地和老板说话,难怪会被解雇。( no wonder ) Keys: 1. Unless we clean up our environment, human beings may not survive. 2. This is one of the best films that I have ever seen. 3. He has decided t o go to Paris for his holiday rather than London. 4. The beautiful new car in front of my home belongs to my neighbour not me. 5. She gave us food and clothes and asked for nothing in return , which made us very grateful. 6. He talked so rudely to his boss. No wonder he was fired.

Module 2 Unit 2 1. 当午餐的铃声敲响的时候, 学生们一个接一个走出教室。(one after another) 2. 经理不在时, 他负责这个商店. (in charge of) 3. 他最终向警察承认他也加入了犯罪活动。(admit, take part in, crime) 4. 他训练了很长的一段时间,所以获得比赛的胜利是他应得的。(deserve, so) 5. 在大部分西方国家,商店明码实价,不能讨价还价。(bargain) Keys: 1.When the bell rang for lunch the students came o ut of classroom one after another. 2.He was left in charge of the shop while the man ager was away. 3.He finally admitted to the police that he had take n part in the crime as well. 4.He’s been training for a long time,so he deserved to win the race.

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