新世纪大学英语第三册快速阅读 课文翻译

新世纪大学英语第三册快速阅读课文翻译

UNIT one

1.How Is New Year's Day Celebrated Around the World?

Celebrating New Year's Day is one of the oldest and most exciting customs around the world. Ringing church bells, blowing horns and ear-piercing shrieks echo throughout the world on this festive day.

Whether visiting relatives or watching New Year's Day parades at home on the TV, welcoming the New Year is always a

time of entertainment, celebration and resolution.

Since this festival marks the beginning of the year, New Year's Day is thought of as a perfect time for a "clean start" or

New Year's resolutions. People worldwide resolve to act better in the year just beginning than in the year just ended.

No day has ever been observed on so many different dates or in so many different ways. All over the world, countries

have their own special beliefs about what the New Year means to them.

While many people in the United States observe New Year's Day on January 1st by throwing parties late into the night on

the eve of December 31st, people in China celebrate this holiday for several days between January 17th and February 19th,

at the time of the new moon. Lanterns illuminate the streets as the Chinese use thousands of lanterns to "light the way" for the

New Year. The Chinese believe that evil spirits roam the earth at the New Year, so they let off firecrackers to scare off the

spirits and seal their windows and doors with paper to keep the evil demons out.

In Scotland, the New Year is called Hogmanay. In the villages of Scotland, barrels of tar are set afire and then rolled down

the streets. This ritual symbolizes that the old year is burned up and the new one is allowed to enter.

New Year's Day is also the Festival of Saint Basil in Greece. Children leave their shoes by the fireside on New Year's

Day with the hope that Saint Basil, who was famous for his kindness, will come and fill their shoes with gifts.

The Jewish New Year is called Rosh Hashanah. It is a holy time when Jews recall the things they have done wrong in the

past, and then promise to do better in the future. Special services are held in the synagogues, children are given new clothes

and New Year loaves are baked to remind people of harvest time.

Iran's New Year's Day, which is in March, celebrates not only the beginning of the new year according to the solar

calendar, but also bahar, "the beginning of spring."

On New Year's Day in Japan, everyone gets dressed in their new clothes and homes are decorated with pine branches

and bamboo —symbols of long life.

In European countries such as Italy, Portugal and the Netherlands, families start the New Year by first attending church

services. Afterwards, they visit friends and relatives. In Italy, boys and girls receive gifts of money on New Year's Day.

1.世界各地如何庆祝元旦？

庆祝元旦是全世界历史最悠久，最令人兴奋的习俗之一。

振铃教堂的钟声，吹角和刺耳的尖叫声回响在世界各地在这喜庆的日子。

无论是探亲或者看元旦游行在家里的电视上，迎接新年总是

娱乐，庆祝活动和解决问题的时间。

由于这个节日标志着一年的开始，元旦被认为是一个完美的时间为“干净启动”或

新年的决议。全世界的人们下定决心，采取行动在今年更好刚开始比在刚刚结束的一年。没有一天曾经被观察到这么多不同的日期，或在这么多不同的方式。在世界各地，各国

有自己的什么新年意味着给他们特殊的信仰。

虽然很多人在美国已故扔当事人到深夜的1月1日观察元旦

12月31日前夕，中国人庆祝这个节日为1月17日和2月19日之间的天数，

在新月的时候。灯笼照亮街道作为中国人用灯笼十万到“点燃方式”为

新年。中国人相信，邪灵漫游地球在新的一年，所以他们放鞭炮吓跑了

烈酒和密封的门窗纸，以保持恶魔出来。

在苏格兰，新年被称为除夕夜。在苏格兰的村庄，焦油桶被放火，然后滚落

街头。这个仪式象征着旧的一年燃烧起来，新一被允许进入。

元旦也是圣巴西尔在希腊的节日。孩子们把鞋子脱了新年的炉边

一天，希望圣徒罗勒，谁是著名的为他的好意，会来填补他们的鞋子相赠。

犹太新年被称为犹太新年。这是一个神圣的时候，犹太人回忆起他们在做错事

过去，然后答应做更好的未来。特殊服务在会堂里举行，孩子们得到的新衣服

新年面包是烤提醒收获时间的人。

伊朗的元旦，这是在三月份，庆祝不仅是新的一年的开始根据太阳

日历，也巴哈尔，“立春”。

在元旦在日本，每个人都被穿上了新衣服和家庭装饰用松枝

和竹- 长寿的象征。

在欧洲国家，如意大利，葡萄牙和荷兰，家庭开始新的一年，首先参加教会

服务。随后，他们参观的朋友和亲戚。在意大利，男孩和女孩收到钱元旦礼物。

2.Japanese Social Etiquette

There are many customs and social etiquette to appreciate in Japan. Here is some general advice which might be helpful

when you first arrive.

Never address individuals by their given name. The word "san" is added to the last name to show proper respect. Dress

is relatively formal and the word "no" is never heard in public. Eye contact is to be avoided and the Japanese do not like

casual body contact. Shoes are never worn inside the home. They are removed at the entrance,

which is often a small room

called a genkan, inside the front door. Slippers may be worn in the house although they are never worn on a tatami, the straw

mats traditionally used in sleeping and dining areas. Inside the home or office slippers are often changed when entering a

restroom to "toilet slippers." Generally feet are kept out of sight. Do not put them on a desk or coffee table.

The most senior person or the guest of honor sits furthest from the door. The seniority may be social status, so always

just observe and wait to be told where to be seated. It is polite to pour drinks such as beer, sake or tea for others, not for

yourself. Avoid groups of four in gifts or fruit, as the Japanese character for "four" is associated with death. Greetings in

Japan take the form of a long, low bow. Bowing is complex in Japan, and the angle of the bow is determined by the

relationship with the other person, to company rank, age and circumstances. Foreigners are not expected to understand all

the subtleties（微妙）of this custom. When meeting a person for the first time, you should bow slightly and say

hajimemashite (pleased to meet you), and if a business situation, proceed to exchange business cards, or meishi. Using both

hands, give the card with either the English or Japanese right side up to the recipient.

In Japan tipping is not expected anywhere. In fact, the rule is "no tipping." However, gift giving in Japan is a ritual. Gifts are

given to express gratitude for past or continuing favors, to show respect for a superior or in return for gifts previously

received. Always take a gift when attending someone's home for dinner or tea. That gift could be a bottle of wine, sweets, fruit

or flowers. In Japan, one is not expected to open the gift immediately in front of the giver. If you are the recipient, do not open

it unless you are asked to do so.

Money is the traditional gift at weddings and funerals. However, be careful; only numbers of three, five or ten are

acceptable, as the numbers two, four and nine are unlucky.

Don't be embarrassed about making mistakes. Just learn to say sumimasen (please excuse me) or gomennasai (I'm

sorry) which will often cover most erroneous behavior. The Japanese are very gracious about forgiving well-intended

mistakes.

2.日本社交礼仪

有许多习俗和社交礼仪在日本欣赏。下面是其中一些可能会有所帮助的一般建议

当你第一次到达。

从来没有人解决他们的名字。单词“散”被添加到姓氏以示应有的尊重。服装

相对正规的“不”字是从来没有公开审理。眼神接触是要避免和日本人不喜欢

偶然的身体接触。鞋是永不磨损的家里面。他们在门口，这往往是一个小房间中删除

叫做玄关，前门内侧。拖鞋可以在家里穿，虽然他们从来没有穿过的榻榻米，稻草

垫采用传统的睡眠区和用餐区。在家里或办公室的拖鞋，经常会进入一个当

厕所为“厕所的拖鞋。”一般的脚不停地淡出人们的视线。不要把它们放在书桌或茶几。

最高级的人或主宾坐在最远的门。资历可能是社会地位，所以总是

只是观察和等待被告知那里就座。这是礼貌倒饮料，如啤酒，清酒或茶的人，不适合

你自己。避免四个礼物或水果组，如日文字符为“四”与死亡有关。在问候

日本需要很长的，低低头的形式。弯曲是在日本复杂，并且弓的角由所确定的

与其他人的关系，为公司的等级，年龄和情况。外国人预计不会理解所有

微妙之处（微妙）这种风俗。当第一次见面的人，你应该稍微鞠躬，并说hajimemashite（高兴见到你），如果一个企业的情况下，继续交换名片，或美视。同时使用手，给该卡用英文或日文右侧到收件人。

在日本，小费不是任何地方的预期。事实上，规则是“没有小费。”不过，送礼在日本是一个仪式。礼物是

给予表达感谢过去或持续青睐，以表示对上级或换取礼品以前

好评。参加别人家吃饭或喝茶时，务必带一个礼物。这份礼物可能是一瓶酒，糖果，水果或鲜花。在日本，一个是没有预料到送礼者的面前马上打开礼物。如果您是收件人，不开它，除非你被要求这样做。

钱是传统的礼物，在婚礼和葬礼。但是，要小心;三，五年或十年唯一数字

可以接受的，因为数字二，四，九倒霉。

不要不好意思犯错。刚刚学会说sumimasen（请原谅我）或gomennasai（我

对不起），这往往会覆盖最错误的行为。日本人非常亲切约宽容用心良苦

错误。

3.Thailand Social Customs: Public Behavior Do's and Don'ts

When meeting a man for the first time, a handshake is an appropriate greeting. When meeting a woman for the first time,

it is recommended that you smile instead of shaking her hand. The best policy is to allow a Thai woman to initiate a

handshake.

Upon meeting and departure, you can use the traditional Thai greeting, or wai, by pressing your hands together as though

in prayer, keeping arms and elbows close to your body, bowing your head to touch your fingers, and saying "sawatdee".

For business travelers, rather than initiating a "wai" it may be better to only respond to one. Sometimes, it can be difficult

for visitors to discern the appropriate times to "wai", which can often cause Thais to take offense. For instance, never "wai" at

someone who is providing a service for you, such as a waiter or porter.

It is acceptable for a male to touch a monk, or hand things to a monk, but a woman is not permitted to do so. Women

should never hand a monk an object directly. The object should be given to a male to hand to the monk.

Smiling or nodding is a sufficient greeting for people you see on a daily basis. Verbal greetings such as "Good morning"

are not necessary.

When someone asks you "Where are you going?" ("Pay nay, khap?"), simple answers are sufficient as this question is

similar to "How are you?", so giving a detailed account of your plans is not expected.

Public displays of affection between the opposite sexes are socially unacceptable here. It is permissible for members of

the same sex to touch or hold hands with each other.

Never touch anyone on the head, particularly children.

The sole of the foot is considered offensive to Thais. One should never sit in such a manner that the sole of the foot is

exposed to another's sight. Many guidebooks also refer to the prohibition against "point the foot". It is best to sit with feet on

the floor or with crossed legs; feet should remain parallel to the floor.

During your visit, you will observe that Thais tend to smile constantly, living up to Thailand's reputation as the "land of

smiles". Bear in mind that a smile is not always an indication of amusement; often smiling is used to mask embarrassment,

nervousness or disapproval.

Beckon (召唤) with your palms half closed, moving them toward you. It is considered inappropriate to beckon to anyone

who is your equal or superior. The palm of your right hand must face down when beckoning someone else. Beckoning with

the palm facing up is only used for calling animals.

The back seat of a bus is reserved for monks.

Whenever you are on a bus or train and see a monk, pregnant women or young children, offer your seat.

Before people enter a Buddhist temple, hats and shoes must be removed.

Since shoes have to be left outside of a temple, they will sometimes be stolen; for these occasions, the best strategy is to

wear very old or inexpensive footwear to reduce the likelihood of theft.

NEVER walk in front of Thais praying in a temple.

Touching a Buddha is perceived as a sign of disrespect.

In the movie theatre, prior to the movie starting, all the audience must stand for the "Thai National Anthem" and a short

screening of pictures of the King. Not to stand would be disrespectful and you may be issued with a fine.

Care should also be given to the way money and stamps are treated, as they bear pictures of the King. Never lick a

stamp at the post office for this reason. There are sponges provided.

3.Thailand社会习俗：公共行为做与不该做

当第一次见面的人，握手是一种合适的问候。当第一次见面的女人，

建议你微笑摇摇手代替。最好的政策是允许的泰国女人启动

握手。

在会议和离境，则可以使用传统的泰式问候，或围，按你的双手合拢，就像

在祈祷，保持手臂和手肘靠近身体，鞠躬你的头碰你的手指，并说“sawatdee”。

对于商务旅客，而不是发起“威”，它可能是更好的只是一个回应。有时，这可能是困难

游客辨别适当的时间，以“威”，这往往??会导致泰国人见怪。举例来说，从来没有“围”在

人谁是提供服务，为您，如餐馆服务员或搬运工。

这是可以接受的男性触摸和尚，或手的东西了和尚，但女人是不允许这样做。妇女

不应该对象直接用手和尚。对象应给予男性用手去和尚。

微笑点头或者是一个足以问候你每天见人。口头上的问候，如“早上好”

是没有必要的。

当有人问你：“你要去哪里？”（“薪酬不，khap？”），简单的答案是足以作为这个问题

类似“你好吗？”，所以给你的计划的详细帐户未预期。

对异性之间的公开示爱是社会不能接受在这里。它是允许的成员

同性触摸或握住的手与对方。

切勿触摸头部，特别是儿童的人。

脚的鞋底被认为冒犯了泰国。一个不应该坐以这样的方式使脚底是

暴露在别人的视线。许多旅游指南也指禁止“点脚”。最好是在坐脚

地板或交叉双腿;脚应保持与地面平行。

在参观期间，你会发现，泰国人倾向于不断微笑，不辜负泰国美誉的“土地

微笑“记住，微笑并不总是娱乐的指示;经常微笑来掩盖尴尬，

紧张或不满。

召唤（召唤）与你的手掌半封闭，移动它们朝你。它被认为是不合适的召唤给任何人

谁是你等于或优于。你的右手手掌召唤别人时，必须朝下。与招手

朝上手掌仅用于主叫动物。

巴士后座的僧侣保留。

当你是一个公共汽车或火车上，看到一个和尚，孕妇或幼儿，提供座位。

在人们进入一个佛教寺庙，帽子和鞋必须拆除。

由于鞋已经到寺庙外留，他们有时会被窃取;对于这些场合，最好的策略是

穿得很旧的或便宜的鞋，以减少被盗的可能性。

永远走在泰国人面前祈祷在寺庙。

触摸佛像被认为是不尊重的表现。

在电影院，之前的电影开始，所有观众必须站在为“泰国国歌”和短

筛选王的照片。不要站在会不尊重，你可能会用细发出。

还应注意给予金钱的方式和邮票对待，因为他们承担着国王的照片。千万不要舔

在邮局为此邮票。有提供海绵。

UNIT 2

1.Why Do You Choose the Products You Buy?

Have you ever stopped to wonder why you choose the products you buy? What makes you pick the Uni-President

instant noodles over Master Kang?

As so many products are similar, companies must find ways to distinguish their brand from competitors' in order to

survive in the market. Creative advertising often does the trick, making one product appear more interesting than others. As

a result, companies spend huge amounts of money on complex advertising campaigns —all

aimed at appealing to the

world of the imagination.

Take Nike for example. Until it came up with the idea of using Michael Jordan to endorse its products, it was just

another sporting goods company. But by repeatedly associating the superstar with its brand, Nike capitalized on public

recognition of his talent, fame and athleticism. The insight that people around the world dream of being "like Mike" led

directly to Nike's domination in its market.

Celebrity endorsements work to increase a product's sales by encouraging consumers to make a positive connection

between a person the public trusts and admires, and the brand up for sale. Companies take this sort of association one step

further with the product tie-in. Product tie-ins are a creative way of linking a glamorous product with a less attractive one in

the hope that some of the excitement surrounding the one will spread to the other. Blockbuster movies are a common site of product tie-ins, with everything from soft drinks to video games becoming

more desirable when the logos of popular films appear on their packages. Companies try to gain even more attention by

placing the tie-ins in unexpected places. Family Mart, for example, benefited from the hit film Hero by wrapping bento with

photos featuring the movie's stars. The surprise of seeing common lunch boxes linked with the spectacular Chinese epic

made many consumers look twice —and buy the product.

1.为什么你会选择你的产品卖？

你有没有停下来想知道为什么你选择你所购买的产品？是什么让你选择了统一企业

方便面在康师傅？

由于如此众多的产品都差不多，公司必须想方设法来区分自己的品牌，从竞争对手的以

在市场中生存。广告创意经常做的伎俩，使一个产品显得比其他人更有趣。如

因此，公司花费巨资对复杂的广告活动- 所有这些都是为了呼吁

世界的想象。

就拿耐克为例。直到想出了利用迈克尔·乔丹赞同其产品的想法，这只是

另一体育用品公司。但是，通过多次与品牌相关联的超级巨星，耐克利用了公众

肯定他的才华，名气和运动能力。周围被“像迈克”的世界梦想的人领导的洞察力

直接将耐克的统治在其市场。

明星代言工作，以增加产品的销售，鼓励消费者做出了积极的连接

一个人的公众信任和敬佩的品牌出售的。公司采取这样的协会一步

进一步的产品搭配英寸产品搭售是连接一个迷人的产品有吸引力之一的创造性

希望有的围绕一个兴奋将蔓延到另一个。

电影大片是产品搭售一个共同的网站，一切从软饮料到视频游戏成为

更可取的，当流行电影的标志出现在他们的包。企业试图通过获得更多的关注

放置搭售在意想不到的地方。全家便利店，例如，从卖座电影英雄得益于包装盒饭用

照片为特色的影片的明星。看到常见的饭盒的惊喜与壮观的史诗中国链接

使许多消费者期待的两倍- 而购买该产品。

2.IKEA Delivery & Assembly Service

Door-to-Door Delivery

If your car isn't big enough, we offer a home delivery service at a reasonable extra charge. Talk to our co-worker at the

Delivery Counter by the checkouts for further details.

Service Area & Charge in Shanghai

Z 1 (within the Outer Ring Road or Minhang District)

Purchasing Value

Less than RMB5,000:

Between RMB5,000-9,900:

Between RMB9,900-19,999:

Delivery Charge

RMB 50

1% of art. value

RMB 99

Z 2 (outside the Outer Ring Road, islands excluded)

Purchasing Value

Less than RMB5,000:

Between RMB5,000-9,950:

Between RMB9,950-19,999:

Delivery Charge

RMB 100

2% of art. value

RMB 199

Group Purchasing Delivery

For purchasing amount above RMB 20,000, delivery charge will be calculated by the actual transportation cost (Z1-min.

RMB 200, Z2- min. RMB 300).

Charge for Bargain Corner & Assembled Items:

Z1 150% of delivery charge for normal art.

Assembly (Only in Shanghai)

All IKEA products are designed to be assembled by yourself with a few basic tools. However, should you wish for your

purchases to be assembled for you, then we offer an assembly service at a reasonable extra charge.

Assembly Charge

Normal furniture: 4% of article price (min. charge RMB 40)

Kitchen furniture: starts at RMB 40 per cabinet. See the Kitchen Department for details. Please go to the Information Desk for details on items that need to be attached to the wall. Assembly Arrangement

The assembly service is separate from the delivery service and will be provided one day after delivery. Please register

at the Delivery Counter for an exact service date.

For Your Attention

Please bring your orders and self-serve items packed in boxes to the Delivery Counter for registration and to confirm

the service date details.

In case of special circumstances, IKEA reserves the right to reschedule delivery times and dates.

Please make sure all the delivery items can be brought into your rooms or elevator. If delivered furniture must be taken

up stairs a charge of RMB 20 per floor will be added from the 7th floor (no charge if elevator is available for use).

Z2 150% of delivery charge for normal art.

Delivery Arrangements

We are able to offer same-day delivery if you register at the Delivery Counter before 4 pm. All deliveries registered after

4 pm will be delivered the next day.

Delivery Service

This service will be provided by an external company contracted to IKEA.

Other Cities Delivery Service

If you live by the Hu-Ning, Hu-Hang highways, a 24-hour delivery service will be provided with a minimum charge of

RMB100 (within 20 kg). You can also go to the Information Desk for detailed delivery charges to other cities.

2.IKEA交付及组装服务

门对门配送

如果你的车是不是足够大，我们提供一个合理的额外收费的送货上门服务。谈谈我们的同事在

交货计数器，由检出的进一步细节。

服务区及收费在上海

Z 1（内外环路和闵行区）

购买价值

不到5000元：

之间RMB5,000-9,900：

之间RMB9,900-19,999：

送货费用

50元人民币

本领域的1％。值

99元人民币

Z 2（外外环路，岛屿除外）

购买价值

不到5000元：

之间RMB5,000-9,950：

之间RMB9,950-19,999：

送货费用

RMB 100

2％的艺术。值

RMB 199

集团采购配送

对于购买2万元以上的金额，运费将通过实际的运输成本（Z1分钟来计算。

RMB 200，Z2-分钟。RMB 300）。

收费甩卖角及组装项目：

Z1 150％，正常分娩的艺术负责。

大会（仅在上海）

所有宜家产品的设计，自行组装了一些基本工具。但是，如果你希望你的

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3.略

U3

1. Self-image —What Is It?

You see yourself in relation to others. This may be how you see yourself physically or it may be more about the idea you

have of yourself, which could also be called your self-concept. It is very important as it affects your self-esteem and

confidence.

Your self-image includes:

?What you think you look like physically

?How your personality comes across

?What kind of person you think you are

?What you think others think of you

?How much you like yourself or you think others like you

Connection to Self-esteem

If you have a poor self-opinion, your self-esteem will be poor. How exactly are they different? Self-esteem focuses on

how you feel about yourself. Image is about how you see yourself. They are, as you can see, quite close.

Relationships

Image has to do with how people perceive you and this will affect how they relate to you. It will affect your relationships

either positively or negatively.

You may believe how you see yourself is how others see you. This cannot be true. Your view of yourself is shaped by

your unique thoughts and beliefs and you will have a distorted view. You will see yourself in a positive or negative way and

both will be biased. You may have a negative view of yourself and if so you are probably highly critical of yourself.

How to Improve Your Self-image

List things you like about yourself —include appearance, personality and skills.

?Change negative thoughts to positive thoughts by focusing on the positive ones and trying to forget the negative things

that happen to you.

?Take up an exercise program —you will feel better and look better!

?Remember good things people have said about you and note them down if you want.

?Try the powerful method of self-hypnosis (催眠). It will really help you!

?Question whether your view of yourself is accurate and examine why you see yourself like you do.

?Make any changes you think would help you, for example, clothes, appearance, hairstyle, behavior in certain

situations.

?Accept things about yourself that are true and learn to think about them in a positive way.

?Take yourself less seriously and lighten up（放松）!

?Accept criticism in a constructive way so you can improve and develop.

?Don't be limited by your internal image, step outside of it and break free, it doesn't have to control you or keep you

down. Acting differently will change how others see you and will also help to change your own attitude towards yourself

and your abilities.

?Take up challenges positively and surprise yourself!

1.自我形象- 它是什么？

你看到自己在人际交往。这可能是你如何看待自己身体也可能是更多的想法，你

有你自己的，这也可以称为你的自我概念。这是非常重要的，因为它会影响你的自尊和

信心。

你的自我形象包括：

？你以为你是什么样子物理

？怎么你的个性遇到

？你觉得什么样的人，你是

？你觉得有什么人对你的看法

？多少钱你愿意自己或你认为别人喜欢你

连接到自尊

如果你有一个贫穷的自我看来，你的自尊会很差。究竟他们有什么不同？自尊的重点

你如何对自己的感觉。图片是关于你如何看待自己。他们是，你可以看到，相当接近。

关系

图像有做与人如何看待你，这将影响他们如何与你。它会影响你的人际关系

无论是正面还是负面的。

你可以相信你如何看待自己被别人怎么看你。这不可能是真的。你对自己的观点得到了形您独特的想法和信念，你将有一个扭曲的看法。你会看到自己在一个积极或消极的方式

两者都有失偏颇。你可能有自己的负面看法，如果这样你可能非常关键的自己。

如何提高你的自我形象

名单的事情你喜欢自己- 包括外表，性格和技能。

？通过关注积极的，并试图忘记负面的东西改变消极的思想，以积极的想法这发生在你身上。

？就拿了一个锻炼计划- 你会感觉更好，更好看！

记住好的东西的人也说过你和注意下来，如果你想要的。

？尝试自我催眠的有效方法（催眠）。这将真正帮助你！

？质疑你自己的观点是否准确，检查为什么你看到自己像你一样。

？让你觉得会帮助你的任何变化，例如服装，外观，发型，在某些行为

的情况。

？接受关于自己的事情是真实的，学会思考他们以积极的方式。

？拿自己较轻和减仓（放松）！

？接受批评，以建设性的方式，因此您可以改善和发展。

？不要你的内部图像的限制，它的步骤外挣脱，它没有控制你或者让你

下来。不同的代理会改变别人怎么看你，也将有助于改变自己的态度对待自己

和你的能力。

？采取了积极的挑战和惊喜吧！

2. Self-talk

We are at the very core of every communication we engage in. Even when we are not engaged in interpersonal

communication, we are probably engaged in intrapersonal communication, i.e. communication within ourselves.

There are some fairly obvious and visible forms of intrapersonal communication, such as when we check off our

purchases on a shopping list, or keep post-it notes to remind ourselves of appointments. We also quite literally talk to

ourselves; at my age, “What am I about to do next?”or even “What the hell am I doing here?”

are becoming increasingly

common questions I ask myself. You'll hear some people speaking aloud to themselves. I recall an elderly theology

professor who never stopped talking to himself about major philosophical problems —which made it particularly interesting

watching him trying to eat his soup, though it was advisable not to get too close.

Actually, communication and medical professionals have researched the psychophysiological components of self-talk to

conclude that what people say to themselves does affect their ability to combat and ward off illnesses.

Self-talk, a part of intrapersonal communication, is a health behavior that has potentially far-reaching effects. Although it

will most likely be used by those who have a high internal locus of control and place a high value on health, it can also help

relatively healthy people in health "maintenance" programs. Self-talk is categorized as being positive or negative. As its label

implies, positive self-talk has good implications for people's mental and physical well-being. However, the negative is not all

bad. The key to using self-talk is to strive for an appropriate balance between the two.

The use of positive self-talk has been linked to the reduction of stress. Less stress, in turn, can effect other positive

health changes. Self-talk, like thoughts, is not neutral because it triggers behavior in either a positive or negative direction.

Both thoughts and self-talk are based on beliefs which are formed early in life. Beliefs shape our self-talk, which in turn affects

our self-esteem.

However, negative thinking as the "thinking of choice" may not be so bad, because it heightens people's sensitivity to the

situation they are facing. They are likely to think more clearly. Ruth Dailey Grainger in Therapy Research Institute in Miami,

Florida says, "Negative thinking, then, is the most productive, the most useful, and the healthiest thinking to adopt when risk

is high."

Instead of categorizing negative self-talk as "negative", it might be better to call it "logical and accurate" self-talk. Harriet B.

Braiker emphasizes in Psychology Today (1989) the "responsible" use of self-talk. She warns against confusing positive

inner dialogue with positive thinking, happy affirmations, or self-delusions. Logical, accurate self-talk recognizes personal

shortcomings, but also modifies them to help people define a plan of correction.

Knowing that thought patterns generated by self-talk affect health states, people can begin to control the power in their

minds by taking an active role in deciding what to think, enhancing the positive messages they send themselves.

2。自我交谈

我们在我们从事的每一通信的核心。即使我们不从事人际关系

通信，我们可能从事自我传播，即传播自己的内心。

有人内传播一些相当明显，可见的形式，比如当我们检查了我们的

一个购物清单购买，或把便条提醒自己的约会。我们也确实跟

我们自己；在我的年龄，“我要做下一个了吗？“甚至”他妈的我在这里做什么？“越来越常见的问题，我问我自己。你会听到有人大声对自己说。我想起一位老人的神学

教授不停地谈论自己的主要哲学问题，这使得它特别有趣

看他想喝汤，虽然这是最好不要靠得太近。

实际上，通信和医疗专业人员研究了自我谈话的心理生理组件

得出这样的结论：人们对自己说不影响他们的应对和抵御疾病的能力。

自我交谈，对自我交流的一部分，是具有潜在的深远影响健康行为。虽然它

将最有可能被那些控制和对健康的高价值高的内部位点的使用，它也可以帮助

在健康的“保养”程序相对健康的人。自我交谈是归类为正或负。作为其标签

暗示，积极的自我谈话对人的精神和身体健康良好的启示。然而，并不是所有的负面

坏。用自我交谈的关键是争取两人之间的适当平衡。

积极的自我对话的使用已被链接到应力减少。反过来，减少压力，可以影响其他积极的

健康的变化。自我交谈，喜欢思考，不是因为它会引发一个正的或负的方向行为中性。

思想和自我交谈是基于信仰，在生命的早期形成。信念塑造了我们的自我对话，这反过来又影响

我们的自尊。

然而，消极的想法为“思维的选择”可能不是那么糟糕，因为它增加了人们的敏感性为

他们面临的形势。他们可能会更清晰地思考。鲁思戴丽格兰杰在迈阿密治疗研究所，

佛罗里达州说，“负面思考，然后，是最有效的，最有用的，和最健康的思考时所采取的风险

高。”

而不是把消极的自我对话为“负面”，它可能会更好地称它为“逻辑和精确的“自我对话。哈丽特B.

布莉克强调今日心理学（1989）的“负责任的”使用的自我对话。她警告不要混淆阳性

内在的对话，用积极的思想，快乐的肯定，或自我妄想。逻辑，准确识别个人的自我对话的缺点，但也改变了它们帮助人们制定计划的修正。

思维模式所产生的自我谈话影响健康状态，人们可以开始控制自己的力量

思想以积极的作用在决定想什么，增强积极的消息发送自己。

3.Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Self-actualizaion needs

Esteem needs

Social needs

Safety needs

Physiological/

survival needs

One humanist psychologist who is constantly referred to in the study of communication is Abraham Maslow, who

developed the “hierarchy of needs”shown in the graphic. Maslow emphasized the human need

for self-actualization, the

realization of one's full potential as a human being. According to Maslow, before one can set about self-actualization, a person

has first to solve the problems associated with the four lower-level needs of the hierarchy:

Physiological / survival

needs: you must satisfy your physical wants before you can take the next step up the motivational hierarchy;

Safety needs:once you have satisfied your basic biological needs, you can get on with exploring your environment. It is well known, however, that a child will not begin to explore

unless it feels secure. But the drive for safety is in itself a motivator for exploration —

when you know “what's out there”in the world, your uncertainty is reduced, the world

is more predictable and “safe”;

Social needs: these are “belongingness”needs. Maslow claims that we have an innate need to affiliate with others in search of affection and love. Through empathizing (移情) with

others we learn also to see the world from different points of view;

Esteem needs: the groups we affiliate with help us to set our life's goals. They can provide us with feedback on how well we are doing in pursuit of those goals. The closer we get, the

more esteem we are likely to receive from others and feel for ourselves;

Self-actualization

needs: when we have acquired sufficient self-esteem we are confident enough to go on to realize our full potential, expressing ourselves in our own unique way.

Maslow’s hierarchy has the benefit of attempting a holistic account of human motivation, considering a range of influences

on human behavior. However, Maslow's hierarchy has been criticized for being based on his study of successful individuals

in Western society. To what extent it might apply to non-Western societies or to non-middle or upper-class individuals is not

clear. Nor is it clear why there should be five stages rather than six or eight and it is certainly not clear why he believes that

we must progress through the stages —one could think of artists, for example, who have shown scant regard for their

survival needs, or even esteem needs, appearing to jump straight to working on their self-actualization. To separate out

each of these needs in the way that Maslow does seems highly artificial.

Nevertheless, there is some empirical evidence from Maslow’s experiments with monkeys which tends to support

Maslow’s ideas.

Whatever criticisms may be made to Maslow, the notion that something like these needs seems to motivate people has

been taken on by marketers.

3.马斯洛的需求层次

自我实现的需要

尊重的需要

社会需求

安全需要

生理/

生存需要

一个以人为本的心理学家谁是不断提到在通信研究马斯洛，谁

公司开发的“层次需求”，在图形显示。马斯洛强调人类需要自我实现的

实现人的全部潜能作为一个人的。根据马斯洛，才可以着手自我实现，一个人

具有第一解决与层级的低4级的需求相关联的问题：

生理/生存

需求：必须满足你的身体要，然后才能采取下一步行动了

激励层次;

安全需求：一旦你满足你的基本生理需求，你可以得到与探索

您的环境。大家都知道但是，一个孩子会不会开始探索

除非它感到安全。但驱动器的安全，这本身就是一种动力的探索-

当你知道“什么时候会再有”的世界，你的不确定性减少，世界

更可预测的和“安全”;

社会需求：这些都是“归属感”的需求。马斯洛宣称，我们有一种与生俱来的需要

子公司与他人寻找亲情和爱情的。通过移情（移情）与

别人我们学会也能看到从不同的世界观;

尊重的需要：组，我们的会员提供帮助我们建立我们的生活的目标。他们可以为我们提供对我们做得如何在追求这些目标的反馈。我们得到的越近，

更多的尊重，我们很可能会接受别人的感受为自己;

自我实现

需求：当我们已经获得了足够的自尊，我们有足够的信心去上

实现我们的全部潜力，表达自己，在我们自己独特的方式。

马斯洛的层次有企图的整体考虑人类动机的利益，考虑一系列的影响

对人的行为。然而，马斯洛的层次一直被批评为是基于成功的个人书斋

在西方社会。到什么程度，可能适用于非西方社会或非中间或上层阶级的人是不是

清晰。也不清楚为什么应该有五个阶段，而不是六个或八个，这肯定是不明确的，为什么他认为，

我们必须经历的阶段进展- 人们可以想到的艺术家，例如，谁表现出漠视他们的

生存的需要，甚至是尊重的需要，出现直接跳转到工作对他们的自我实现。分离出

每个在马斯洛的方式做这些需求似乎高度人工化。

然而，有一个从马斯洛实验一些经验证据与猴子趋向于支持

马斯洛的想法。

无论批评，可向马斯洛，即像这些需求似乎激励人具有的概念

采取了由营销。

U4

1.Fighting Fears and Phobias

If you are walking along a dark alley late at night and a tall man wearing a balaclava（羊毛头罩）

jumps out at you, there

may be good reasons for being afraid. Your body automatically responds by pumping adrenaline(肾上腺素) into your blood

stream —your rate of breathing changes dramatically, your heart races and you have feelings of panic or terror. Your body

has entered the “fight or flight”response, getting ready either to defend yourself or run away. In these circumstances, the

benefits of this response are obvious. However, some people respond to harmless events and objects in the same way. An

excessive or unreasonable fear is called a phobia.

Phobias are extremely common, affecting people of all ages and from all walks of life. People usually manage their phobia

by avoiding the feared situation or objects. For some phobia, like the fear of toads, this might represent a minor

inconvenience. On the other hand, a social phobia could severely interfere with the ability to work or socialize. Anyone with a

phobia that causes distress or affects their quality of life should consider being treated, especially since phobias generally

respond well to treatment.

A phobia is learned association between a particular object or event and the feeling of fear. Phobia can be overcome by

relearning this association in a new positive way. Many phobics have found hypnotherapy (催眠术疗法) to be an extremely

effective treatment for their phobia.

During hypnotherapy, the therapist uses easy-to-follow instructions to gently guide the client into the hypnotic state. Stage

hypnosis gives the impression that this involves a loss of control, but this is not the case at all. The client remains in charge

of their senses throughout and can converse easily in this state. When relaxed in hypnosis, the therapist can help you change

the associations that have been learned with the feared object or situation.

The number of sessions required to overcome a phobia can vary with the complexity of the issue. For example, clients

with animal phobias, such as fear of spiders, have overcome their difficulty in two or four sessions. However, clients with

more complex fears, like social phobias, have required longer. However, in addition to helping you overcome your fear,

hypnotherapy can also leave you feeling calm, relaxed and more in control of your life.

1.战斗恐惧和恐惧症

如果你走沿着一条黑暗的小巷深夜，一个高大的男子戴着巴拉克拉法帽（羊毛头罩）跳出你，有

可能是很好的理由害怕。你的身体会自动抽水肾上腺素（肾上腺素），进入你的血液响应

流- 你的速度呼吸急剧变化，你的心脏的比赛，你有恐慌或恐惧的感觉。你的身体

已经进入了“战斗或逃跑”反应，准备或者为自己辩护或逃跑。在这些情况下，该

这种反应的好处是显而易见的。然而，有些人应对以同样的方式无害事件和对象。一个

过度或不合理的恐惧被称为恐惧症。

恐惧症是极为常见的，影响所有年龄和来自各行各业的人。人们通常管理自己的恐惧症

通过避免担心情况或对象。对于一些恐惧，就像蟾蜍的恐惧，这可能代表了一个小

不便。另一方面，一个社交恐怖症可能会严重干扰工作或社交能力。任何一个有

恐惧症，导致痛苦或者影响他们的生活质量应考虑接受治疗，特别是因为恐惧症一般

反应良好待遇。

恐惧症了解一个特定的对象或事件和恐惧的感觉之间的关联。恐怖症可通过克服

重新学习该协会在一个新的积极的方式。许多phobics发现催眠（催眠术疗法）是一个非常有效治疗其恐怖症。

在催眠治疗中，治疗师使用易于后续指令轻轻引导客户进入催眠状态。舞台

催眠给人的印象是，这涉及到控制的损失，但是这不是在所有的情况。客户端仍然负责

其感官贯穿，并且可以在此状态下容易地交谈。当在催眠放松，治疗师可以帮助你改变

已经了解到了恐惧的对象或情境的关联。

克服恐惧症需要会话的数量可以与该问题的复杂程度。例如，客户端

与动物恐惧，如害怕蜘蛛，克服了在两个或四个会话困难。然而，客户

更复杂的担忧，如社会恐怖症，都需要更长的时间。然而，除了帮助你克服你的恐惧，

催眠还可以让你感到平静，放松，更多的控制你的生活。

2.Weight-loss Myths

There are dozens of weight-loss myths that help to derail people. Here is a list of some of the most common so you can

try to avoid them:

The myth that some kinds of calories are different from others —A calorie is a calorie. If you consume 4,000 calories by

eating 1,000 grams of white sugar or 4,000 calories by eating 444 grams of fat, it is still 4,000 calories.

The myth that low-fat foods are okay or that you can eat as much as you want if it is low-fat —A product can have 0

grams of fat but still have lots of calories. Many fat-free foods replace the fat with sugar and contain just as many or more

calories as a fat-containing product.

The myth that any passive device, acupressure rings and bracelets or soaps or whatever, can help —There is no way to

burn calories but to burn them.

The myth that you can lose 54 pounds in 6 weeks —Despite what the ads say (I LOST 54 POUNDS IN 6 WEEKS

WITHOUT DIETS OR EXERCISE!!! or LOSE 10 POUNDS THIS WEEKEND!), you cannot lose a pound of fat unless you

burn off 3,500 calories. To lose 54 pounds in 6 weeks, you would need to lose 9 pounds in 7 days, or 1.3 pounds per day.

That 1.3 pounds of fat is equal to 4,500 calories, so you would have to burn off 4,500 calories per day. The only way to do that

would be to eat nothing AND run a marathon every day for 42 days. That's impossible. The only

way to lose that much weight

that quickly is either through dehydration or amputation. The ads are lying.

The myth that anything can create an "enzyme-driven fat-burning cycle" —All sorts of things, from nettle seeds to apple

pectin, are supposed to contain enzymes that create an ENZYME-DRIVEN FAT BURNING CYCLE THAT BURNS

CALORIES 24 HOURS A DAY!!! No.

What is true is that you have to eat fewer calories than you burn in a day if you want to lose weight. You can do that by

eating fewer calories than you need, or by exercising more, or both. It is true that some people burn more calories per day

than others (just as some people are taller than others, some people have to use the restroom more frequently than others,

some people lose their hair faster than others and so on —people are different). You simply have to find the number of

calories your body burns in a day and consume fewer calories than your body needs. That's not to say it's easy —the

psychology of food and eating is very powerful. But that is what you have to do. It is a mental game, and there is no way

around it. But now you know the rules of that mental game.

2.减肥神话

有减肥的神话，有助于使几十人。下面列出了一些最常见的所以你可以

尽量避免：

神话，有几种不同的热量来自他人的卡路里。如果你消耗4000卡路里热量的

吃444克脂肪，吃白砂糖1000克或4000卡路里的热量，它仍然是4000卡路里。

神话，低脂肪的食物是好的或者你可以吃的多，如果你想它是低脂-产品可以有0

克脂肪，但仍有大量的热量。多脂肪的食物代替脂肪和糖，含有同样多或更多

卡路里含有脂肪的产品。

神话，任何的无源器件，指压戒指和手镯或肥皂之类的，可以帮助没有办法

燃烧卡路里，但燃烧。

神话，你可以减掉54磅的6周，尽管广告上说（我在6周内减掉了54磅

没有饮食或运动！！！或失去10磅这个周末！），你不能失去一磅脂肪除非你

燃烧3500卡路里。在6周内减掉54磅，你需要在7天内减掉9磅，或每天1.3磅。

1.3磅脂肪等于4500卡路里，所以你会燃烧掉4500卡路里。唯一的办法就是

会不吃不喝，42天的马拉松跑的每一天。这是不可能的。失去这么多的重量，唯一的方法这是通过快速脱水或截肢。广告是撒谎。

神话什么都可以创建一个“酶驱动的脂肪燃烧循环”各种各样的事情，从荨麻种子苹果

果胶，都应该含有酶，创建一个enzyme-driven脂肪燃烧循环的燃烧

卡路里一天24小时！！！号

事实是，你吃的卡路里比你一天燃烧，如果你想减肥。你可以通过

吃的卡路里比你需要的少，或者通过做更多的锻炼，或两者。这是真的，有些人每天消耗更多的卡路里

比其他人（就像一些人比其他人，一些人比其他人更频繁地使用洗手间，

一些人失去了他们的头发比别人快等等，不同的人）。你只需要找到一些

你的身体在一天的卡路里燃烧和消耗的热量比身体需要更少的。这并不是说它是容易的

心理学的食物和饮食是非常强大的。但那是你必须做的。这是一个心理游戏，也没有办法它周围。但是现在你知道心理游戏规则。

3.Optimism Is Healthy

Chris Peterson was teaching a class in abnormal psychology at Virginia Tech when he told his students to fill out an

Attributional Style Questionnaire —a carefully designed test that determines a person’s level of optimism and pessimism.

The students also answered questions about their general health, including how often they went to a doctor.

Peterson followed the health of his students the following year and discovered that the pessimists had twice as many

infectious diseases and made twice as many trips to the doctor as the optimists.

Later, Martin Seligman of the University of Pennsylvania and two of his colleagues, using interviews and blood tests,

found that optimists have better immune activity than pessimists. Studies by other researchers show the same thing. Why?

One big factor is that “Pessimistic individuals,”as Seligman writes, “get depressed more easily and more often.”

When a person is depressed, certain brain hormones become depleted, creating a chain of biochemical events that end

up slowing down the activity of the immune system. For example, two key players in our immune systems are T cells and

NK cells.

T CELLS recognize invaders (like viruses) and make more copies of themselves to kill off the invaders. Pessimists’T

cells don’t multiply as quickly as optimists’, allowing invaders to get the upper hand.

NK CELLS circulate in the blood and kill whatever they come across that they identify as foreign (like cancer cells).

Pessimists’NK cells can identify foreign entities, but they don’t destroy them as well as optimists’NK cells.

Optimists also look at information in more depth to find out what they can do about the risk factors. In a study by Lisa

Aspinwall, PhD, at the University of Maryland, subjects read health-related information on cancer and other topics. She

discovered that optimists spent more time than pessimists reading the severe risk material and they remembered more of it.

“These are people,”says Aspinwall, “who aren’t sitting around wishing things were different. They believe in a better

outcome, and that whatever measures they take will help them to heal.”In other words, instead of having their heads in the

clouds, optimistic people look. They do more than look, they seek. They aren’t afraid to look into the situation because they’re

optimistic. Thus, for yet another reason, optimists are likely to be healthier.

新世纪大学英语4课后答案

Text A compelled 迫使destruction 破坏eternal 永恒的output 产量retreat 撤退threaten 威胁transfer 转移Text B bare 赤裸consumed 耗尽have emerged 出现hollow 空心mass 大量miracle 奇迹pile 一堆scrape擦spark 火星thereby 由此tipped 顶端trigger 触发 1. If you had had a spark of consideration for your family ,you wouldn't have taken so many stupid risks. 如果你有为你的家人多一点考虑，你就不会有那么多愚蠢的风险。 2. Due to the lack of labor force, even women in this village were compelled to work in the coal mines. 由于缺乏劳动力这个村的妇女甚至被迫在煤矿工作。 3. We went through lovely countryside with great mountains, some of them beautiful and green and wooded, while others bare and wild. 我们穿过了美丽的农村巨大的群山，其中一些美丽的绿色和繁茂的，而其他人赤裸的和野生。 4. The cleaner took off his coat and began to scrape the ashes from the furnace with his bare hands. 清洁脱掉外套，开始擦去炉上的灰烬随着他的赤裸的双手。 5. People in that area are already threatened with environmental destruction since 60% of the forest there has been destroyed. 人们已经感受到环境破坏方面的威胁，因为有60％的森林已被破坏 6. The auto company has seen a huge increase in the output of private can this year due to the improved working efficiency. 汽车公司已经看到了今年由于提高了工作效率，私人产量大幅增加。 7. Under the severe attack from enemy aircraft, the troops were forced to retreat from front. 在敌机的严厉打击下，前面的部队被迫撤退。 8. When I came up to a giraffe lying on the grasses, I found that it had been killed with a spear tipped with poison. 当我来到一个长颈鹿躺在草，我发现它已经被带毒尖矛杀死。 9. He stayed eight days in an open boat with no food, and he was still alive; his survival was a(n) miracle. 他在无遮档的小船上呆了八天,又无食物,还活下来了,这真是个奇迹。 10. Survival of the Fittest is an eternal truth of nature. 适者生存是一个自然界的永恒的真理。 11. His hear sank when he saw the fresh pile of mails, memos and telephone messages on his desk. 他听到沉没时，他看到邮件的新的一堆，在他的书桌上的备忘录和电话留言。 12. The military government refused to transfer power to a democratically elected civilian government. 军事政府拒绝将权力移交给一个民选的文官政府. 13. In that area nearly six million people are affected by the drought and the civil war, and there is a real danger of mass starvation. 在那个地区近六百万人受到干旱和内战的影响，并有大规模饥荒的一个真正的危险。 14. Postal service personnel who are severely irresponsible purposely delay sending mail, thereby giving rise to great loss of public trust. 谁是严重不负责任的邮政服务人员故意延迟发送邮件，致使公共信任的巨大损失。 15. With the increase in the number of foreign funded enterprises, various kinds of financial disputes have emerged. 随着外资企业的增加，各类经济纠纷的出现。 16. The earthquake may trigger landslides that cause great damage and loss of life. 地震可能引发的山体滑坡造 成巨大的破坏和生命损失。 17. Deforesting and global warming threaten to ruin the current and future state of our environment. 毁林和全球变暖的威胁破坏我们的环境的当前和未来的态。 18. It was reported that almost 7 million liters consumed during the 16-day beer festival in Germany that year. 据报道，每年大约7000000 公升的啤酒节的16 天在德国消耗。 19. On a bitterly cold night, the only shelter he could find was the hollow trunk of a great tree. 在一个寒冷的夜晚，他能找到的唯一的栖身之处是空心的大树的树干。

大学英语Unit 1 课文翻译

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新世纪大学英语第三册原文每段翻译U

新世纪大学英语第三册原文每段翻译U UNIT 6：Culture Shock |文化冲击| Kalervo Oberg We might almost call culture shock an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most ailments it has its own cause, symptoms, and cure. 1 我们不妨把文化冲击称为突然置身国外的人们所得的职业病。和大部分疾病一样，这种病有其独特的起因、症状和疗法。 Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. These signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situations of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to give orders to servants, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues. 2 文化冲击是因为我们失去熟悉的社会交往标记和符号而产生的焦虑所促成。这些标志或暗示包括我们应付日常生活各种情境时使用的诸多方式方法：与人会面时何时握手、该说些什么；在什么时间、以什么方式付小费；如何吩咐佣人；怎样购物；何时该接受、何时该拒绝他人的邀请；别人说的话，何时该当真，何时不该当真。这些暗示可以是语言、手势、面部表情、风俗习惯或社会行为标准。我们在成长的过程中获得了这些暗示，就像我们的语言和我们所接受的信仰一样，它们已经成为我们文化的一部分。我们所有的人都依赖成百上千个这样的暗示才能拥有宁静的心境，过上高效率的生活。 Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded you may be, a series of props have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort: a€?The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad.a€? When Americans or other foreigners in a strange land get together to complain about the host country and its people a€”you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. Another phase of

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新世纪大学英语系列教程第版综合教程答案

Unit Two Optimism and Positive Thinking Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action ■ Working with Words and Expressions 1. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ■ Answers: positive startled perspective harden shape address crises curse incredible 10) conversely 11) issue 12) response 13) prior 14) rare 15) accomplish 2. In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ■ Answers: get the hang of have lived through makes a difference have no idea concerned with slipped over ran into in reverse mull over ■ I ncreasing Your Word Power 1. D ecide whether “do ”, “make ”or “take ”is needed to complete each of the following sentences. Change the verb form where necessary. ■ A nswers: does make take do make Take done taken making ))))))))) ))))))))) ))))))))) 10) took

大学英语第一册课文翻译

新编大学英语（第二版）第一册阅读文参考译文 Unit One 以生命相赠 1 炸弹落在了这个小村庄里。在可怕的越南战争期间，谁也不知道这些炸弹要轰炸什么目标，而他们却落在了一所有传教士们办的小孤儿院内。 2 传教士和一两个孩子已经丧生，还有几个孩子受了伤，其中有一个小女孩，8岁左右，她的双腿被炸伤。 3 几小时后，医疗救援小组到了。救援小组由一名年轻的美国海军医生和一名同样年轻的海军护士组成。他们很快发现有个小女孩伤势严重。如果不立即采取行动，显然她就会因失血过多和休克而死亡。 4 他们明白必须给小女孩输血，但是他们的医药用品很有限，没有血浆，因此需要相配血型的血。快速的血型测定显示两名美国人的血型都不合适，而几个没有受伤的孤儿却有相配的血型。 5 这位医生会讲一点越南语，忽视会讲一点法语，但只有中学的法语水平。孩子们不会说英语，只会说一点法语。医生和护士用少得可怜的一点共同语言，结合大量的手势，努力向这些受惊吓的孩子们解释说，除非他们能输一些血给自己的小伙伴，否则她将必死无疑。接着问他们是否有人愿意献血来救小女孩。 6 对医生和护士的请求，孩子们（只是）瞪大眼睛，一声不吭。此时小病人生命垂危。然而，只有这些受惊吓的孩子中有人自愿献血，他们才能够得到血。过了好一会儿，一只小手慢慢地举了起来，然后垂了下去，一会儿又举了起来。 7 “噢，谢谢，”护士用法语说。“你叫什么名字？” 8 “兴，”小男孩回答道。 9 兴很快被抱到一张床上，手臂用酒精消毒后，针就扎了进去。在整个过程中，兴僵直地躺着，没有出声。 10 过了一会儿，他发出了一声长长的抽泣，但立即用那只可以活动的手捂住了自己的脸。 11 “兴，疼吗？”医生问。 12 兴默默地摇了摇头，但一会儿忍不住又抽泣起来，并又一次试图掩饰自己的哭声。医生又问是不是插在手臂上的针弄疼了他，兴又摇了摇头。

新世纪大学英语综合教程2课文翻译

陌生人的善意 1. 一年夏天，我从家乡加利福尼亚州的塔霍城开车前往新奥尔良。在沙漠深处，我碰到一个年轻人站在路旁。他一只手打出拇指向外的手势，另一只手里拿着一个汽油罐。我直接从他身边开过去了。别人会停下来的，我想。再说，那汽油罐只是个让车停下、好抢劫司机的幌子而已。在这个国家，曾有那么一段时间，你要是对需要帮助的人置之不理，大家会认为你是混蛋，而如今你要是帮了你就是笨蛋。到处潜伏着犯罪团伙、吸毒上瘾者、杀人犯、强奸犯、盗窃犯还有劫车犯，为什么要冒险呢？“我不想卷进去”已经成为全国性的信条。 2. 开过了几个州以后，我还在想着那个想搭便车的人。把他一个人留在沙漠中倒并没有让我有多么不安。让我不安的是，我多么轻易地就做出了这个决定。我甚至根本没把脚从油门上抬起来。我很想知道，现在还有人会停车吗？ 3. 我想到我此行的目的地——新奥尔良。那里是田纳西·威廉姆斯的剧作《欲望号街车》的背景地。我回想起布兰奇·杜波依斯的名句：“我总是依赖陌生人的善意。” 4. 陌生人的善意。听起来好怪。如今这年头还有谁能指望陌生人的善意吗？ 5. 要验证这一点，一个办法是一个人从东海岸旅行到西海岸，不带一分钱，完全依靠美国同胞的善意。他会发现一个什么样的美国？谁会给他饭吃、让他歇脚、捎他一程呢？ 6. 这个念头激起了我的好奇心。但谁会这么不切实际、愿意去尝试这样一次旅行呢？好吧，我想，那不如我来试试？ 7. 满37岁那个星期，我意识到我这辈子还从没冒过什么险呢。所以我决定来个观念的跨越，美洲大陆那么宽——从太平洋去大西洋，不带一分钱。要是有人给我钱，我会拒绝。我只接受搭顺风车、提供食物和让我歇脚的帮助。这将是穿越这片金钱至上的土地上一次无钱的旅行。我的最终目的地是北卡罗来纳州的“恐惧角”（即开普菲尔），它象征着我沿途必须克服的所有恐惧。 8. 1994年9月6日，我早早起床，背起一个50磅重的包，朝金门桥走去。我从背包里拿出一个牌子，向过路的车辆展示我的目的地：“美利坚”。 9. 司机们隔着挡风玻璃念出这个词，然后笑了。两个女人骑自行车经过。“有点含混，”其中一个说。一名带有德国口音的年轻男士走上前来问，“你这个‘美利坚’在哪儿？”10. 实际上，整整六个星期的时间里我试图找出答案。我搭了82次便车，行程4223英里，穿越了14个州。在旅途中，我发现其他人跟我一样有担心。人们总是在警告我当心别的某个地方。在蒙大拿州，他们叫我留神怀俄明州的牛仔，而在内布拉斯加州，人们提醒我说艾奥瓦州的人可不如他们友好。 11. 然而，在我所去的每个州，我都受到了友善的对待。我诧异于美国人执意帮助陌生人的能力，甚至于在看来与自己的最大利益相冲突时他们也绝不袖手旁观。有一天，在内布拉斯加，一辆四门小轿车在路肩停下。我走到车窗边，看到两位穿着节日盛装的瘦小老妇人。12. “我知道这年头不该带搭便车的，但这里前不着村后不着店的，不停车感觉真不好。”自称“维”的司机说。她和姐姐海伦是去内布拉斯加的安斯沃思看眼疾的。 13. 她们为我停了车，我都不知道是该亲吻她们呢还是该责备她们。这个女人是在告诉我，她宁肯冒生命危险也不愿意因为没为一个站在路边的陌生人停车而感到内疚。她们在一个高速路口把我放下时，我望着维。我们俩异口同声地说，“小心。” 14. 有一次我在雨中没能搭上便车。一名长途卡车司机停了车，他把刹车踩得那么重，车子都在草地路肩上滑行了一段。司机告诉我他有一次被搭便车的人持刀抢劫了。“但我不愿意看到有人在雨里站着。”他补充说，“现在大家都没有良心了。” 15. 然而，我发现，总体而言，人们还是挺有同情心的。艾奥瓦州一对中年夫妇为了帮我找宿营地领着我走了一个小时。在南达科他州，一个女人让我在她家住了一晚之后递给我两张

全新版大学英语综合教程3课文原文及翻译6-8

unit 6 The Last Leaf When Johnsy fell seriously ill, she seemed to lose the will to hang on to life. The doctor held out little hope for her. Her friends seemed helpless. Was there nothing to be done? 约翰西病情严重，她似乎失去了活下去的意志。医生对她不抱什么希望。朋友们看来也爱莫能助。难道真 的就无可奈何了吗？ 1 At the top of a three-story brick building, Sue and Johnsy had their studio. "Johnsy" was familiar for Joanna. One was from Maine; the other from California. They had met at a cafe on Eighth Street and found their tastes in art, chicory salad and bishop sleeves so much in tune that the joint studio resulted. 在一幢三层砖楼的顶层，苏和约翰西辟了个画室。“约翰西”是乔安娜的昵称。她们一位来自缅因州，一 位来自加利福尼亚。两人相遇在第八大街的一个咖啡馆，发现各自在艺术品味、菊苣色拉，以及灯笼袖等方面趣 味相投，于是就有了这个两人画室。 2 That was in May. In November a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia, stalked about the district, touching one here and there with his icy fingers. Johnsy was among his victims. She lay, scarcely moving on her bed, looking through the small window at the blank side of the next brick house. 那是5月里的事。到了11月，一个医生称之为肺炎的阴森的隐形客闯入了这一地区，用它冰冷的手指东 碰西触。约翰西也为其所害。她病倒了，躺在床上几乎一动不动，只能隔着小窗望着隔壁砖房那单调沉闷的侧墙。 3 One morning the busy doctor invited Sue into the hallway with a bushy, gray eyebrow. 一天上午，忙碌的医生扬了扬灰白的浓眉，示意苏来到过道。 4 "She has one chance in ten," he said. "And that chance is for her to want to live. Your little lady has made up her mind that she's not going to get well. Has she anything on her mind? “她只有一成希望，”他说。“那还得看她自己是不是想活下去。你这位女朋友已经下决心不想好了。她有 什么心事吗？” 5 "She -- she wanted to paint the Bay of Naples some day," said Sue. “她――她想有一天能去画那不勒斯湾，”苏说。 6 "Paint? -- bosh! Has she anything on her mind worth thinking about twice -- a man, for instance?" “画画？――得了。她有没有别的事值得她留恋的――比如说，一个男人？” 7 "A man?" said Sue. "Is a man worth -- but, no, doctor; there is nothing of the kind." “男人？”苏说。“难道一个男人就值得――可是，她没有啊，大夫，没有这码子事。” 8 "Well," said the doctor. "I will do all that science can accomplish. But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral procession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines." After the doctor had gone Sue went into the workroom and cried. Then she marched into Johnsy's room with her drawing board, whistling a merry tune. “好吧，”大夫说。“我会尽一切努力，只要是科学能做到的。可是，但凡病人开始计算她出殡的行列里有 几辆马车的时候，我就要把医药的疗效减去一半。”大夫走后，苏去工作室哭了一场。随后她携着画板大步走进 约翰西的房间，口里吹着轻快的口哨。 9 Johnsy lay, scarcely making a movement under the bedclothes, with her face toward the window. She was looking out and counting -- counting backward. 约翰西躺在被子下几乎一动不动，脸朝着窗。她望着窗外，数着数――倒数着数！ 10 "Twelve," she said, and a little later "eleven"; and then "ten," and "nine"; and then "eight" and "seven," almost together. “12，”她数道，过了一会儿“11”，接着数“10”和“9”；再数“8”和“7”，几乎一口同时数下来。 11 Sue looked out of the window. What was there to count? There was only a bare, dreary yard to be seen, and the blank side of the brick house twenty feet away. An old, old ivy vine climbed half way up the brick wall. The cold breath of autumn had blown away its leaves, leaving it almost bare. 苏朝窗外望去。外面有什么好数的呢？外面只看到一个空荡荡的沉闷的院子，还有20英尺开外那砖房的侧墙，上面什么也没有。一棵古老的常青藤爬到半墙高。萧瑟秋风吹落了枝叶，藤上几乎光秃秃的。

新世纪大学英语综合教程1翻译答案(全)

(1)这个婴儿还不会爬(crawl)，更不要说走了。(let alone) The baby can’t even crawl yet, let alone walk! (2)威尔声称谋杀案发生时他正在与一群朋友吃饭,但是我认为他在说谎。(claim, in one’s opinion） Will claimed he was dining with a group of friends at the time of the murder, but in my opinion he told a lie. (3)一定程度上阅读速度与阅读技巧密切相关；有了阅读技巧，你就可以更好地应对课外阅读了。(to a certain extent, relate …to …, cope with） To a certain extent the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills; and with reading skills you can cope with outside class reading better. (4)根据规则他俩都可以参加比赛。(according to） According to the regulation/rule, they both can play the game/participate in the game. (5)有些人想当然地认为日语(Japanese)中的每一个词在汉语中都有对应的词语。(assume, equivalent) Some people assume that there is a Chinese equivalent for every Japanese word. (6)我们已将所有的相关信息告知了警方。(relevant) We have passed all relevant information on to the police. (7)关于那件事你问我再多的问题也没用，因为我是不会回答你的。(it’s no use) There is no use asking me any more questions about that matter because I won't answer. (8)事先没有仔细阅读合同(contract)就签了名是吉姆的错误。(on one’s part) It was a mistake on Jim's part to sign the contract without reading it carefully. (9)他们拒绝向我们提供所需要的全部信息。(provide …with) They refused to provide us with all the information we need. (10) 这起事故与三年前发生的一起事故极为相似。(similar to) This accident is very similar to the one that happened three years ago. (11)这部影片是根据莎士比亚的戏剧改编的。(base on) The film is based on a play by Shakespeare (12)如果你的英语和电脑技能都掌握得好，那么你在谋职时就一定比别人更有优势。(have an advantage over) If you have a good command of English and computer skills, you will surely have an advantage over others in finding a job.

大学英语课文翻译及习题答案

大学英语课文翻译及习 题答案 标准化管理部编码-[99968T-6889628-J68568-1689N]

Unit 1 1. A very curious boy, Tom, is interested not only in whats but also in whys and hows. 汤姆是个非常好奇的男孩，他不仅对“是什么”感兴趣，而且也对“为什么”和“怎么会”感兴趣。 2. Happiness, according to Prof. Smith, is the ability to make the most of what you have. 据史密斯教授说，幸福就是你能充分利用你所有的一切。 3. You’d better keep the book where your 15-year-old son can’t get his hands on. 你最好把这本书放在你15岁的儿子找不到的地方。 4. The story was very funny and Bill kept laughing while reading it. 这故事非常滑稽，比尔一边读一边不停地笑。 5. High-achieving students do not necessarily put in more time at their studies than their lower-scoring classmates. 成绩优秀的学生未必比他们得分较低的同学在学习上花费更多的时间。 6. How did you manage to persuade these students to take the speed-reading course 你是怎样设法说服这些学生修读快速阅读课的 7. Working hard is important, but knowing how to make the most of one's abilities counts for much more. 用功是重要的，但知道如何充分利用自己的才能更重要得多。 8. She asked her students to think for themselves rather than telling them what to think. 她要求学生独立思考，而不是告诉他们该思考什么。 Unit 2 1. Referring to the differences between American English and British English, he said, “The United States and Britain are, after all, two different countries.” 在谈及美国英语和英国英语的差别时，他说：“美国和英国毕竟是两个不同的国家。” 2. Prof. Smith encourages his students to think for themselves. “I am just as happy,” he often says, “even if you challenge me or completely disagree with me.” 史密斯教授鼓励他的学生独立思考。他常说：“即使你们对我提出质疑或者完全不同意我的看法，我也同样高兴。” 3. We called on him to take part in our conversation about pop music, but as soon as he joined in, he introduced a new topic and referred to the NBA finals of the previous week. 我们请他参加我们关于流行音乐的谈话，但他一参加进来就引入一个新的话题，谈起了上周的NBA决赛。 4. The driver is responsible for this accident. His car knocked down a tree and a man on his bike. 司机应对这次事故负责。他的车撞倒了一棵树和一个骑车的人。

新世纪大学英语课文翻译

UNIT1 人在自然界 1) 人类生活在大自然的王国里。他们时刻被大自然所包围并与之相互影响。人类呼吸的空气、喝下的水和摄入的食物，无一不令人类时刻感知到大自然的影响。我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生存。 2) 人类不仅生活在大自然之中，同时也在改变着大自然。人类把自然资源转变为各种文化，社会历史的财富。人类降服并控制了电，迫使它为人类社会的利益服务。人类不仅把各种各样的动植物转移到不同的气候环境，也改变了他生活环境的地貌和气候并使动植物因之而发生转变。 3) 随着社会的发展，人类对大自然的直接依赖越来越少，而间接的依赖却越来越多。我们远古的祖先生活在大自然的威胁及破坏力的恐惧之中，他们常常连基本的生活物资都无法获取。然而，尽管工具不甚完备，他们却能同心协力，顽强工作，并总是有所收获。在与人类的相互作用中，大自然也发生了改变。森林被破坏了，耕地面积增加了。大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。譬如，森林被认为是野性的和令人恐惧的，因此人类便想方设法使其面积缩小。这一切都是打着“文明”的旗号进行的，所谓“文明”，就是人类在哪里建立家园，耕耘土地，哪里的森林就被砍伐。 4) 然而，随着岁月的流逝，人类越来越关注的是在何处得到和如何得到生产所需的不可替代的自然资源的问题。科学与人类改变大自然的实践活动已经使人类意识到了工业在改变地球的进程中对地质产生的重大影响。 5) 目前，人与自然以及自然与社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡，已呈现崩溃的迹象。生物圈中所谓可替代资源的问题变得极为尖锐。人类和社会的需求，即便是简单得像淡水一样的物质，也变得越来越难以满足。清除工业废物的问题也变得日益复杂。 6) 现代技术的特征是生产和使用日益丰富的人工合成产品。人们生产成千上万的人工合成材料。人们越来越多地用尼龙和其他人造纤维把自己从头到脚地包裹起来，这些绚丽的织物显然对他们无益。年轻人或许很少注意到这一点，他们更关注的是外表，而不是健康。但是上了年岁之后，他们就会感受到这种有害的影响。 7) 久而久之，这些合成物质转变成废弃物，那些原本毒性不大的物质在自然循环中变为极其有害的物质。自然科学家和哲学家如今都在问自己这样一个问题：人类对生物圈的破坏难道是无法避免的吗？

新世纪大学英语第二版综合教程1 课文翻译及答案Unit1

优等生的秘诀 1 一位研究教育的老师针对成绩优异的学生做过重点研究，发现最聪明的学生不见得总能得高分。根据这位教授、其他教育专家以及优等生们自己的观点，懂得如何充分发挥自己的潜能对于学生来说更为重要。 2 在班上名列前茅的学生之所以学习优秀，是因为他们掌握了几个基本原则。首先，优等生知道如何决定轻重缓急。他们从来不会为了打电话、看电视或者吃零食而牺牲学习时间。换言之，学习总是摆在娱乐之前。另外，优等生们总是注意随时随地学习。有位成绩优异的学生同时也是优秀的运动员，每天利用户外训练时间背生物学术语。而另一位学生则利用每天早上刷牙时间记一个新单词。所有受访的学生无一例外都认为，在什么时间学习完全是个人偏好问题。有些人在夜深人静时学习效果最好，有些人则喜欢趁着自己还能清晰地记得上课所讲的内容，一放学回家就开始学习。尽管如此，所有优等生都一致认为，如果想任何时候都表现优秀，一个主要的因素就是要持之以恒。 3 学生还必须学会有条理。举个例子，有一位优等生在学校乐队、田径队、橄榄球协会和辩论小组里都很活跃。他透露，他之所以把东西放得井井有条是因为他浪费不起到处找东西的时间。还有一位学生喜欢把当天的笔记马上整理出来并放进用不同颜色标记的文件夹里，以便临近考试时能随时用来复习。优等生们提倡的另一个技巧是有效的阅读，其中包括快速阅读，提高记忆能力以及主动提出问题以便充分理解作者的意思。 4 对于学生们来说，合理安排时间也同样重要。他们必须懂得如何根据每天的时间表和学习能力来安排做作业和项目的速度，不至于让手头的工作压得喘不过气。能制定时间表不仅让学生能够腾出更多时间来复习和完善功课，而且还能防止他们拖拖拉拉。成绩优异的学生认为，他们成功的一大秘诀就是上课时做好笔记，供复习时使用。有个学生透露，她把从课文上摘抄的内容记在笔记本的一边，把课堂笔记写在另一边。这样，就可同时复习到两方面的内容。她还透露，她不会浪费下课铃响前的几分钟跟朋友交头接耳，准备随时冲出教室。相反，她会利用这几分钟用两三句话概括那节课的要点，然后在下次上课前浏览这些笔记，加深印象。 5 老师们提倡的致胜秘诀是尽力让自己的作业整洁。有位老师说，学生交上整洁作业就已向高分迈进了一步。在课堂上大胆发言和提问也同样重要，这或许是学生澄清疑问的最好办法。课堂参与还能反映一个学生的求知欲。有个学生概括得好，“好成绩来自透彻的理解”。