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I.Reading Comprehension(40%)

Passage1

Microwaves are a type of electromagnetic radiation;they are a very mild form of electrical or magnetic wave that moves through space.Unlike X-rays and gamma rays,which are very powerful rays of radiation,microwaves are rather weak and are much more like the waves of radiation used in radio broadcasting.

In microwave ovens,the use of microwaves with which most people are familiar,the waves are produced by an electronic tube called a magnetron. Microwaves produce heat in any food placed inside the oven by causing the water in the food to vibrate rapidly and thus heat up.Food that have more water in them take less time to cook and probably have more of their nutrients left intact when cooked in a microwave oven.

Microwaves do not pass through metal,so the microwaves are retained within the oven.Microwaves pass immediately through g]ass,paper,and plastic with no effect on these materials or on the microwaves;nothing inside the microwave oven is heated except the food itself,so cooking process is much more efficient than in conventional ovens.Sometimes a pan or container is heated because it is touching the hot food,though:some users of microwave oven have been burned by hot food,by hot pans,or steam escaping from the

food.No documented case of radiation burns from a microwave oven has ever been reported.

Actually,we know very little about how microwave radiation might affect human beings.Obviously,if microwave can cook a roast by exciting the water molecules in the meat,they could do the same thing to human flesh.Human being could be burned by prolonged exposure to high levels of microwaves. But scientists are more concerned about the effects of low level microwave exposures,such as might result from a leaking microwave oven.

No research has yet been performed on people who have been exposed to low level microwave radiation.Some experiments have keen performed on animals,but the results are very difficult to interpret.As the eyes are particularly sensitive,rabbits exposed to low level microwaves were checked for the growth of cataracts,and none were found.On the other hand,some animals seem able to sense microwave radiation and try to escape from it immediately.In others,microwave radiation causes the body to react as if defending itself against a decease.These responses lead some scientists to think that microwave radiation is harmful,though in some yet undiscovered way.

1.The purpose of this passage is to discuss______.

A.the beneficial use of microwaves

B.the harmful effects of microwaves

C.the modern methods of cooking

D.the use and possible harmful effects of microwaves

2.Microwaves are______.

A.absolutely safe at low levels

B.very efficient for cooking

C.cancer-causing in people with weak eyes

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/929444123.html,pletely understood by scientists

3.We can conclude from this passage that______.

A.the heat created in microwave ovens is very difficult to control

B.food tastes better when cooked in a microwave oven

C.food cooked in microwave ovens is probably more nutritious than food cooked in more conventional ways

D.most research on the effects of microwaves on human beings has been restricted to the study of low level microwave radiation

4.The author’s tone is______.

A.objective

B.sarcastic

C.negative

D.skeptical

5.As used in the3rd paragraph of this passage,the word“documented”means______.

A.numbered

B.recorded

C.legal

D.believable

【答案与解析】

1.D文章前半部分讨论了微波在microwave ovens中的运用，后半部分论述了在low

level microwave exposures中，微波可能对人体造成的影响。故综合来看，选项D的说法比较全面。故答案为D。

2.B根据文章第三段对微波特性的叙述，作者得出“cooking process is much more

efficient than in conventional ovens”，故选项B正确。从最后一段实验的动物的反应来看，一些科学家认为“microwave radiation is harmful”，故排除选项C；

由于“No research has yet been performed on people”，因此选项C的说法没有根据；选项D的说法明显错误。

3.D选项A和B在文中并未涉及；文章第二段最后一句指出“Food that have more

water…in a microwave oven”，即对于在微波炉中烹饪的食物，所含水分越多，熟的越快，并且越有营养，而不是选项C所说的与传统的方法相比，在microwave ovens中烹饪的食物更有营养；至于选项D，文章第四段指出“scientists are more concerned about…a leaking microwave oven.”，即科学家们更加关心low level microwave radiation对人体的影响，故选项D正确。

4.A作者讲述的是有关microwave的客观事实，因此答案为A。sarcastic讽刺的。

negative否定的，消极的。skeptical怀疑性的。

5.B根据本句中的“case”和“report”判断，选项B正确。documented备有证明文

件的。recorded有记录的。numbered有限的，时日无多的。legal法律的，法定的，合法的。believable可信的。

Passage2

Two system of weights and measures exist in the U.S.today:the U.S. Customary System and the International System of Units(IS,after the initials of System International).IS,commonly referred to as the metric system,is actually a more complete,coherent version of it.Throughout U.S.history,the Customary System(inherited from,but now different from,the Imperial System)has been customarily used;a plethora(过多)of federal and state legislation has given it,through implication,standing as the primary weights and measures system.The metric system,however,is the only system that Congress has ever specifically sanctioned.An1866law reads:

It shall be lawful throughout the United States of America to employ the weights and measures of the metric system;and no contract or dealing or pleading on any court,shall be deemed invalid or liable to objection because the weights or measures expressed or referred to therein are weights or measures of the metric system.

Since that time,use of the metric system in the U.S.has slowly and steadily increased,particularly in the scientific community,in the pharmaceutical industry,and in the manufacturing sector—the metric system is now predominantly used.

On Feb.10,1964,the National Bureau of Standards(now known as the National Institute of Standards and Technology)issued the following bulletin:

Henceforce it shall be the policy of the National Bureau of Standards to use the units of the International system(IS),as adopted by the1lth General Conference on Weights and Measures(October1960),except when the use of these units would obviously impair communicator or reduce the usefulness of a report.

On Dec.23,1975,Pres.Gerald R.Ford signed the Metric Conversion Act of 1975.It defines the metric system as being the International System of Units as interpreted in the U.S.by the secretary of commerce.

The Trade Act of1988and other legislation declare the metric system the preferred system of weights and measures for U.S.trade and commerce,call for the federal government to adopt metric specifications,and mandate the Commerce Dept.To oversee the program,the conversion process is currently underway:however,the metric system has not become the system of choice for most American daily use.

The following seven units serve as the base for the International System: length-meter;mass-kilogram;time-second;electric current-ampere; thermodynamic temperature-kelvin;amount of substance-mole;and luminous intensity-candela.

6.Two systems of weights and measures used in the U.S.are______.

A.the U.S.Customary System and the metric system

B.the International System and the metric system

C.the Imperial System and the metric system

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