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00830 现代语言学 2002年10月试卷

00830 现代语言学 2002年10月试卷
00830 现代语言学 2002年10月试卷

全国2002年10月高等教育自学考试

现代语言学试题

课程代码:00830

第一部分选择题

Ⅰ.Directions:Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%)

1.The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that

human language is ______.

A. arbitrary

B.non-arbitrary

C. logical

D.non-productive

2.All the back vowels in English are pronounced with rounded-lips,i.e. rounded, EXCEPT ______.

3.The level of syntactic representation that exists before movement takes place is commonly termed

the ______.

A.phrase structure

B.surface structure

C.syntactic structure

D.deep structure

4.The theory of ______ accounts for the fact that noun phrases appear only in subject and object

positions.

A.Case Condition

B.Adjacent Condition

C.parameter

D.Adjacent parameters

5.The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called ______.

A.polysemy

B.hyponymy

C.antonymy

D.homonymy

6.The utterance "We're already working 25 hours a day,eight days a week."obviously violates the

maxim of ______.

A.quality

B.quantity

C.relation

D.manner

7.In first language acquisition children usually ______ grammatical rules from the linguistic

information they hear.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9e10109342.html,e

B.accept

C.generalize

D.reconstruct

8.Standardization known as ______ is necessary in order to facilitate communications.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9e10109342.html,nguage interpretation

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9e10109342.html,nguage identification

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9e10109342.html,nguage choice

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9e10109342.html,nguage planning

9.Which of the following choices is not the key biological basis for human language acquisition? ______.

A.Cerebral cortex

B.Neurons

C.Eyes

D.Angular gyrus

10.Basically all the following categories except ______ are always missing in the children's

telegraphic speech stage.

A.the copula verb "be"

B.inflectional morphemes

C.function words

D.content words

第二部分非选择题

Ⅱ.Directions:Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word,the first letter of which is already given as a clue.Note that you are to fill in ONE word only,and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%×10=10%)

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9e10109342.html,nguage exists in time and changes through time. The description of a language at some point

of time is called a _s_______ study of language.

12.An essential difference between consonants and vowels is whether the air coming up from the

lungs meets with any _o________ when a sound is produced.

13.The morphemes that cannot be used by themselves, but must be combined with other

morphemes to form words are called _b________ morphemes.

14.XP may contain more than just X.For example,the NP "the boy who likes his puppy" consists of

Det,N and S,with Det being the _s________,N the head and S the complement.

15.According to Searle's classification of illocutionary acts,"to suggest that someone should see the

doctor" should fall into the category of _d________.

16.Hyponymy is the relationship which obtains between specific and general lexical items.The

word that is more general in meaning is called _s________.

17.Vowels can be nasalized.The vowel nasalization rule is an _a________ rule,which,for the most

part, is caused by articulatory or physiological process in which successive sounds are made identical, or more similar, to one another.

18.One mark of an informal style is the frequent occurrence of _s________ words and expressions,

which make sense only to the people of particular social groups and serve as a mark of membership and solidarity within a given social group.

19.The brain is divided into two roughly symmetrical halves, called _h________, one on the right

and one on the left.

20.Linguists often use the term native language or mother tongue instead of first language, and

_t________ language instead of second language in second language acquisition literature.

Ⅲ.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version.(2%×10=20%)

21.( )Human capacity for language has a genetic basis,i.e. we are all born with the ability to

acquire language and the details of a language system are genetically transmitted.

22.( )A general difference between phonetics and phonology is that phonetics is focused on

the production of speech sounds while phonology is more concerned with how speech

sounds distinguish meaning.

23.( )Only words of the same parts of speech can be combined to form compounds.

24.( )Sentences are not formed by randomly combining lexical items, but by following a set

of syntactic rules that arrange linguistic elements in a particular order.

25.( )The same semantic feature occurs in one part of speech only. For example, "female"

occurs only in nouns such as "mother", "woman" "girl" "tigress" and so on but not in

other parts of speech.

26.( )According to Searle's classification of illocutionary acts, inviting, ordering, advising,

promising and apologizing all fall into the category of directives.

27.( )New words may be formed from existing words by subtracting an affix thought to be

part of the old word; that is, ignorance sometimes can be creative. Thus "peddle" was

derived from "peddler" on the mistaken assumption that the "-er" was the agentive

suffix.

28.( )Women in Western countries at least appear to be more status-conscious and sensitive to

the social significance of certain linguistic variables.

29.( )The case of Genie confirms that the language faculty of an average human degenerates

after the critical period and consequently, most linguistic skills cannot develop.

30.( )Conscious knowledge of linguistic rules does ensure acquisition of the rules and

therefore an immediate guidance for actual performance.

Ⅳ.Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration.

(3%×10=30%)

31.narrow transcription

32.stem

33.derivational affixes

34.grammatical relation

35.predication

36.semantic narrowing

37.nonstandard languages

38.linguistic taboo

39.angular gyrus

40.interlanguage

Ⅴ.Answer the following questions.(10%×2=20%)

41.Explain with examples the three notions of phone, phoneme and allophone, and also how they

are related.

42.Explain what is sense and what is reference with examples.

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全国 2018 年 1 月自学考试现代语言学试题 课程代码: 00830 I . Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. ( 2%×10=20% ) 1. The language behavior of particular persons on particular occasions is determined by many other factors over and above their linguistic ______. () A. system B. structure C. competence D. performance 2. When we pronounce the long vowels [i:] or [u:], our ______, which is a bony structure at the end of the windpipe, is in a state of tension. () A. larynx B. hard palate C. glottis D. vocal cords 3. The word “ manuscript ” is a two-morpheme cluster which contains ______. () A. two roots B. a root and a prefix C. a root and a suffix D. a root and a free morpheme 4. The grammatical knowledge is represented through Phrase Structure Rules,which state explicitly all and only the possible combinations of the ______ of a language, for example, in English, NP→ ( Det ) (Adj) N (PP) (S).) A. phrases B. clauses C. sentences D. constituents 5. The view that the meaning of a linguistic form is defined as the“ situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer ” was proposed by ______. () A. Plato B. Ogden and Richards C. John Firth D. Bloomfield 6. According to John Austin's theory of speech act, a(n) ______ act is the change brought about by the utterance. () 1

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