纺织品竞争力分析外文翻译

毕业论文外文文献翻译

毕业设计（论文）题目绍兴纺织品出口竞争力分析翻译（1）题目中国纺织工业的国际竞争优势翻译（2）题目中国纺织品的政策建议系经贸系

专业国际经济与贸易

姓名赵超越

班级10090812

学号10908237

指导教师李淑贞

中国的纺织工业国际竞争优势1

摘要

通过改革开放的政策，凭借要素禀赋优势中国纺织工业在全球纺织市场的份额持续增长超过20年。本文认为，目前中国纺织行业竞争优势仍然是基于传统因素的比较优势，这可能由于国际纺织产业的技术不断地升级，国际竞争比以前更激烈。中国加入WTO后，有一些弊端，如产业和贸易结构，贸易壁垒对中国纺织业发展的阻碍。如何加快产业结构升级，提升中国纺织工业的国际竞争优势，是中国纺织行业发展的首要任务。

纺织工业一直是中国经济的支柱，得益于其在要素禀赋和市场规模的优势。纺织部门的贸易额在过去25年（从改革开放）增长了27.11倍。 2005年，纺织品出口占了中国出口总额的15.4％，占了世界总出口的纺织品24.4％，而中国纺织品的生产和出口都位居世界前列。

尽管如此，中国纺织工业正面临着各种各样的困难，比如过度依赖资源，技术含量低和附加值低，复杂的贸易结构和出口市场的高度集中等对中国纺织品有越来越多的贸易制裁，特别值得一提的是，因为中国在这个行业的竞争优势被限制。本文旨在通过深入的调查中国纺织行业的竞争优势，并带来了相应的建议。

一、中国纺织工业的国际竞争优势

鉴于国际竞争优势关系的因素，纺织行业的发展仍然受劳动力成本和技术的决定。相比较而言，服装业是高强度劳动，而在纺织行业，尤其是在化纤行业，资本和技术正在成为越来越重要的因素。中国纺织行业显示了材料供应，劳动力成本，产品质量，与上下游的兼容性，明显的出口竞争优势积极促进规模经济和成本的影响。但是，随着发达国家新技术持续投资于他们的纺织工业，廉价劳动力优势在发展中国家是倾向于被通过不断提高生产效率在发达国家削弱。纺织行业在发达国家从而可以维持较高的利润，而同时降低了生产。在本节中，中国纺织行业的竞争优势进行分析，并比较其对口发达国家和发展中经济体将会作出修改。

1.中国纺织行业的竞争优势的基础

目前中国纺织行业的竞争优势在很大程度上取决于其雄厚的工业基础和廉价的成本。在与国外同行相比，中国的纺织行业呈现出以下几方面，预计在不久的

1Mauricio Gigli，中国纺织

将来竞争优势依然存在。

（1）要素禀赋的优势

如劳动力和相关材料的供应充裕，是中国纺织行业必不可少的主要因素。其中，最重要的优点是人力资本。其中两个中国劳动力资源的主要特点，就是其低廉的价格以及卓越的品质。中国工人的平均受教育期为10年，这是发展中国家的中等水平，与发达经济体相比有大约四年的滞后，但中国工人的工资远远低于其他国家的水平。中国在纺织行业已经获得了太多的经济利益，劳动力供给的比较优势没有丧失，而这种优势是纺织行业的进一步发展的动力。

第二个特点是它的可持续性。城市化的扩张以及中国提高高等教育将为纺织行业带来越来越多的优越性，但价格低廉的人力资源，因此人力资本存量的上升将保证工人为中国纺织行业未来发展的技术支持的供应。

（2）市场规模的优势

虽然国内市场吸收纺织生产量的70％以上，中国人均消费量远远低于世界平均水平。中国是世界上最大和增长最快的发展中国家，其经济蓬勃发展和提高人民生活水平带来的需求扩大无论在纺织产品的数量和质量。这表明一个巨大的潜在国内市场，所以有极好的发展机遇，中国纺织行业的竞争环境。这样的优势并没有在其他发达国家或发展中国家存在。在另一方面，加入WTO将中国纺织行业在短期内面临各种保护，但它并不妨碍中国的不可逆转的融入世界市场。此外，纺织品配额在2005年取消，无疑是有利于中国纺织行业赢得更大的国外市场准入，这是一个难得的机会对建设规模扩张和产业升级有所帮助。

2.中国纺织行业的竞争优势和的发达国家之间的比较

与发达国家的纺织工业相比，中国的纺织行业目前的竞争优势主要源于劳动力供应和自然资源禀赋的比较优势。纺织产品是中国最具竞争力和大宗出口，得益于更廉价的劳动力成本和较完整的产业链。发达国家的纺织业就在于利用雄厚的资金，研发，品牌和成熟的销售渠道。来自中国的纺织产品，目前主要占据低或中等质量的市场，而那些在欧洲或美国生产的主要是占据世界顶级市场。由于中国是一个主要的生产商和纺织产品的主要消费国，生产和消费的巨大潜力将打开中高端服装，这反过来又增强双方纺织工业之间的相互依存关系。

3.中国纺织行业的竞争优势和其他发展中国家的比较

中国纺织行业也同时在对比其他发展中国家同行特殊优势和劣势。中国纺织行业的优势体现在产业和市场规模，吸引外国直接投资等领域。在这一部分，我们将首先简要介绍纺织行业在其他一些发展中经济体的竞争优势。

（1）主要发展中国家的总体情况

印度是一个强大的竞争对手，中国的纺织行业。它拥有一个庞大而竞争激烈的纺织行业，并已成为世界第三大棉纺织品供应商。印度纺织工业的份额在总生产商产量高达20％，它占据印度的聚集出口的25％。印度也是在欧洲市场的第三大出口国和第四大纺织品供应商到美国。印度拥有设备齐全的部门，如纺纱，织布，印染等行业。从WTO的一份报告指出，在“后配额时代”中，纺织产品从印度到美国将会由4％上升到15％。巴基斯坦是另一个主要的棉花供应商，世界排名第四，并显示强大的实力。

（2）中国特殊优势

中国的出口量远远超过这些发展中国家纺织品出口的总和，出口增长，主要在世界市场份额方面。因此，我们可以得出结论，除了低要素成本和市场规模，中国在产业集聚和外国直接投资的吸引力拥有特别的竞争优势。

正如产业组织的现代理论，集聚是产业发展的内在规律，以及一个有效措施进行资源分配和提高生产要素的利用率。就目前而言，从范围，由产业集聚进一步在中国纺织行业规模效应带来经济效益。中国成功地通过规模扩张，资源配置优化，生产专业化和提高生产力产业集聚获得了在纺织行业竞争优势。这些影响是最明显的在中国东部近海工业区，特别是长江，太湖和珠江三角洲。

（3）中国与其他发展中国家之间的差距在纺织行业

中国落后于其他发展中国家大多在以下几个方面。第一个缺陷是中国的出口合作伙伴的方式汇集，特别是一些发达国家，中国最大的四个出口市场是香港，日本，欧盟和美国，其中占中国纺织品出口的50％以上。如此沉重的市场集中度很容易会因目标市场严格的监视或贸易纠纷。其次，政策扶持在中国纺织行业有待加强。例如，印度正在实施的残留纺织材料生产的特定政策，这目前还没有提供给中国企业。中国政府和企业应该进行持续的努力和合作。

二、国际贸易壁垒对中国纺织工业

中国出口的纺织品和服装产品在遭受贸易壁垒，这严重抑制了其对竞争优势发挥。在中国纺织工业的缺陷是由于贸易壁垒造成的，但贸易保护主义也有原因。因经济或政治利益，很多纺织品进口国愿意并能够对中国纺织品的限制，以满足他们在低成本的目标。

1.目前针对中国纺织行业贸易壁垒

（1）回顾近期贸易壁垒对中国纺织产品

于2004年4月8日，尼日利亚政府决定禁止41个产品，其中大部分是纺织品和服装产品的进口。于2004年6月3日，哥伦比亚定制征收进口除了那些从安第斯集团国家的袜子的价格限制。土耳其决定推出保障，以免纺织品和服装产品自中国的一部分在2004年12月23日，并开始对42类中国纺织品和服装产品对2005年2月1日配额。

（2）对中国纺织产品贸易壁垒的特点

首先，贸易壁垒对中国纺织产品是大批量，多品种，宽范围的。从2004年4月至2005年5月，19显着的贸易争端是针对中国的纺织品和服装产品推出，其中的形式从出口禁令，自定义价格垄断，维护，关税配额，特别的保护和监控等范围，而类覆盖几乎包括中国的整个纺织行业。其次，明显的上升趋势中显示的中国纺织品贸易争端的频率。中国纺织工业在2004年最重要的争议是三种，其中炒到16的2005年首五个月相当惊人的水平。第三，引发纠纷不仅涉及发达国家，如美国，但也有不少发展中国家，如墨西哥，阿根廷和巴西。

2.中国纺织行业的瓶颈

（1）严重依赖于要素禀赋优势

大多数中国出口的纺织品和服装产品集中在低或中等质量的，在世界市场这说明中国很大的价格优势，由于廉价的劳动力，但在质量和品种较少的竞争优势。

第一个方面，中国纺织产品在结构上相似，缺乏多样性和低技术，这使得中国纺织产品容易被模仿。中国的纺织品和服装产品具有很强的替代产品，均来自于其他发展中国家，因而不善于竞争优势和弱势贸易壁垒。在第二个方面，日益加剧的竞争低技术含量，低附加价值的纺织品市场趋于迫使世界上的出口商妥协，而进口商希望获得其他政治或经济利益，由于治或经济原因，所以一些发达国家往往会对某些产品，某些歧视性政策国际贸易规则框架政。

（2）中国国内企业间的激烈的竞争

在'薄利多销翻身“的传统，在中国企业以及在中国的外汇积累迫使许多出口企业政府长期的出口补贴削减价格，以达到他们的出口目标，并因此招致反倾销措施。有些公司甚至不惜零利润价格出售产品，以获得出口补贴或缺点。乱七八糟的定价活动是最有可能遭受美国和其他国家产生贸易限制。此外，中国仍然有待加强对经济转型的方式和政策透明度。

高浓度出口中国四大最有分量的纺织品出口市场是香港（中国），日本，欧盟和美国，这在总吸收中国纺织产品出口的70％。中国纺织品出口到非洲，拉丁美洲，中东和其他100多个国家在增加，然而聚集份额占仅12％，这比日本的更小。出口的高地域集中度相当可能诱发贸易保护主义的目标国家/地区，

提高贸易争端的可能性，这是有害于中国纺织行业的长远发展。

3.发达国家的保护主义

（1）从进口国的国内产业压力

中国已成为纺织品和服装产品世界最大的出口国，凭借它在纺织行业的快速发展，其特点在于扩大规模，增加产量国和贸易顺差收入来源之一。发达国家考虑到他们的政治选举或保护国内产业从而倾向于寻找借口对中国的纺织品和服装产品进口限制，。因此，贸易保护必然作为他们的长期战略。中国作为世界上最大的纺织品出口国，作出相应承担其贸易限制的冲击。此外，中国是世界上最大的社会主义国家，在不同的政治制度和其他发达国家的意识形态工作，这很可能是另一个借口歧视或障碍。在另一方面，中国加入WTO，政府或企业有足够的经验足够长的时间致远在保护国内产业的国际贸易规则框架下。这是贸易争端诱饵。

（2）保护过渡

此外，技术性贸易壁垒和其他非关税保护措施，包括环境标准，技术标准，在包规则及标签和劳动工资，等等，都还可以向发达国家为他们对纺织工业的保护。举例来说，许多发达国家制定的标准对环境的保护（如技术标准，染料，纺织纤维及纤维加工环境，安全标准的纺织产品和标准生产的情况下的标准），工资标准，劳动权利等。这些复杂的标准，很可能是被发达国家用来从其他国家的进口限制。

（3）利用在中国人民共和国加入特殊物品和条款的协议

尽管配额从2005年1月1日取消，中国仍然面临着一些特殊的物品和条款，其中两个普遍采用的限制。一个是对中国纺织产品特别保障措施。截至2008年12月31日中国进口伙伴授予中国纺织品的产品，其中配额是最初被取消数量限制，存在或市场扰乱威胁“的条件和原产于中国的产品在被破坏“，在工作组对中国加入WTO（ 241-242 ）的报告指出。像美国，欧盟，韩国，日本，加拿大和印度等国根据这一条款相继制定法规。其他条款是特殊的安全防范措施。根据第16条，对特定产品过渡性保障机制对中国人民共和国的入世议定书，进口商被授予采取针对中国产品的限制，如果是后者引起市场扰乱“，直到2013年。除了以上提到的因缘，值得注意的是，不仅有出口商和他们的进口商之间，也有出口商之间的矛盾和冲突。中国在出口快速增长，从其他纺织品出口商产生怨恨。在这些国家的一些商业协会已经征求欧洲国家和美国对中国纺织品的配额延长。同时，一些发达国家正在寻求在保护最不发达国家的经济利益的借口下针对中国的贸易保护。

China’s Textile Indust ry International Competitive Advantage12 Abstract

The share of China’s textile industry in global textile market has kept expanding for more than 20 years by full utilization of its advantage in factor endowment since the Reform and Opening Policy. This paper argues that current competitive advantage of China’s textile industry is still based on traditional factor comparative advantage, which may be weakened since the technology of international textile industry is upgrading continually and the international competition is more intensely than before. After China’s entrance to WTO there are some difficulties such as indisposition of industry and trade structure, trade barriers to Chinese textile industry. How to accelerate industry structure upgrading and enhance international competitive advantage of China’s textile industry is the primary issue for the development of China’s textile industry.

Textile industry has long been a pillar to China’s economy thanks to its advantage in factor endowment and market scale. Trade volume of textile sector has increased by 27.11 times during the past 25 years (from the Reform and Opening). In 2005, textile export took up 15.4% of China’s total export and 24.4% of the world’s total export in textile, and the production and export of Chinese textile products are both the largest in the world.

Nonetheless, China’s textile industry is facing various difficulties, such as excessive resource reliance, low technology and value added, indisposition in trade structure and highly concentrated export markets, etc. More and more trade sanctions against China’s textile products are particularly noteworthy as they cast tight restrictions on China’s competitive advantage in this industry. This paper aims at an in-depth investigation to competitive advantage of China’s textile industry and brings corresponding suggestions.

I. International Competitive advantage Of China’s Textile Industry

In view of the relation of factor and international competitive advantage, the development of textile industry is still determined by labor cost and technology. In comparison, garment industry is labor intensity, while in textile industry, particularly in

1 Mauricio Gigli，China Textile

the chemical fiber sector, capital and technology is becoming more and more important. China’s textile industry shows apparent scale economy and cost effects in material supply, labor cost, product qualities, compatibility between up and down stream, which contribute to its vigorous export competitive advantage. But as developed countries are persistently investing new technologies into their textile industry, advantage of cheap labor in developing countries is tend to be weakened by continuously improving productivity in developed countries. Textile industry in developed countries thus can maintain higher profit while at the same time reduce production. In this section, competitive advantage of China’s textile industry will be analyzed, and comparisons to its counterparts in both developed and developing economies will be made.

1.Foundation of competitive advantage of China’s textile industry

The competitive advantage of present China’s textile industry is in a large part depends on its solid industrial foundation and cheap cost. In comparison with its overseas counterparts, China’s textile industry shows competitive advantage in the following aspects, which are expected to still exist in the near future.

(1) Advantage in factor endowment

The abundant supply of primary factors such as labor and related materials is essential to China’s t extile industry.

Among them, the most important advantage is human capital. There are two main features in Chinese labor resource, the first of which is its low price as well as superior quality. Average education period of Chinese workers is ten years, which is the medium level of developing countries and around four years’lag compared with those in developed economies, yet wage of Chinese worker is well below those of other countries. China has gained much economic benefits in textile industry without loss of the comparative advantage in labor supply, and such an advantage is a driving force for textile industry’s further development.

The second feature is its sustainability. Expansion of urbanization and improving higher education in China will provide more and more superior but low price human resource for textile industry, so the rising human capital stock will guarantee the supply of worker and technological support for future development of China’s textile industry.

(2) Superiority in market scale

Although domestic market absorbs over 70% of aggregative textile output,

consumption per capita in China is far below the world’s average. China is the largest and fastest growing developing country; whose vigorous economic development and improving living standard bring expanding demand both in quantity and quality for textile products. This indicates a tremendous potential domestic market, so there are excellent development opportunity and competition environment for textile industry of China. Such an advantage does not exist in other developed or developing countries. On the other hand, entrance to WTO will expose China’s textile industry to various protections in the short run, yet it does not hamper China’s irreversible integration into the world market. Moreover, abolishment of textile quota in 2005 undoubtedly is helpful for China’s textile industry to win greater foreign market access, and helpful to construct a precious opportunity for scale expansion and industry upgrade.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9810866143.html,parison between competitive advantage of textile industry of China and developed countries

In comparison with developed countries’textile industry, present competitive advantage of China’s textile industry largely stems from comparative advantage in labor supply and natural resource endowment. Textile products are China’s most competitive and staple exports, thanks to cheaper labor cost and comparatively integrated industrial chain. Advantage of developed countries’textile industry lies in abundant capital, R&D, brand and matured marketing channel. Textile products from China therefore largely take up just low or medium quality market while those produced in Europe or U.S. mainly occupy the world’s top market. As China is both a major producer and a major consumer of textile products, her great potential in production and consumption opens an immense market of medium and top apparel and textile, rudimental textile material and textile machinery from developed countries, which in turn enhance interdependence between textile industries of both sides.

3. Comparison between competitive advantage of textile industry of China and other developing countries

China’s textile industry also shows both specific superiority and inferiority in contrast to its counterparts of other developing c ountries. The advantage of China’s textile industry is embodied in industrial and market scale, FDI attraction and other fields. In this part we will first cast a brief introduction to competitive advantage of textile industry in some other developing economies.

(1)General status of major developing countries

India is a powerful competitor to China’s textile industry. It owns a huge and highly competitive textile industry and has become the world’s third largest cotton textile supplier. Indian textile ind ustry’s share in total manufacturer output is up to 20%, and it occupies 25% of India’s aggregative export.India is also the third largest exporter in European market and the fourth largest textile supplier to U.S.. India possesses well equipped sectors such as spinning, weaving, printing and dyeing. One report from WTO indicates that textile products from India to u.S. will rise from 4% up to 15% during the ‘post quota era’. Pakistan is another major cotton supplier, who is the No. 4 in the world and shows powerful strength.

(2)Particular advantage of China

China is well ahead of the above developing countries in textile export in terms of aggregative export, export growth, and world market share. We can therefore conclude that besides low factor cost and market scale, China enjoys particular competitive advantage in industrial agglomeration and FDI attraction.

As pointed out by modern theory of industrial organization, agglomeration is an inherent law in industrial development as well as an effective measure for resource allocation and factor utilization. For the time being, economy of scale effect in China’s textile industry from economy of scope, which is further brought by industrial agglomeration, is becoming increasingly prominent. China’s success i n scale expansion, optimization of resource allocation, production specialization and productivity enhancement gained by industrial agglomeration is the key to her competitive strength in textile industry. These effects are most notable in China’s east off shore industry zones, especially in Yangtze River, Tai Lake rim and the Zhujiang delta.

(3) Gap between China and other developing countries in textile industry

China falls behind other developing countries mostly in following aspects. The first fl aw is China’s export partners are pooled in some particular developed countries, as China’s biggest four exporting markets are Hong Kong, Japan, EU and U.S., which take up more than 50% of Chinese aggregative textile export. Such a heavy market concentration is easy to incur rigorous surveillance or trade disputes from target markets. Secondly, policy support to China’s textile industry needs to be strengthened. For instance, India is implementing particular policies on rudimental textile material

production, which is not currently available to Chinese firms yet. Chinese government and firms ought to carry out persistent effort and cooperation.

II. International Trade Barriers to Chinese Textile Industry

Textiles and apparel products suffer the heavies t trade barriers in China’s export, which badly inhibits its exertion on competitive advantage. Deficiencies in China’s textile industry are certainly responsible for such heavy barriers, yet trade protectionism is also liable. On account of economic or political interests, many head textile importing countries are willing and able to cast restriction against China’s textile products to meet their targets at small costs.

1.Current trade barriers against China’s textile industry

(1) Retrospect to recent tra de barrier to China’s textile products

On April 8th, 2004, Nigerian government decided to forbid import of 41 products, the majority of which were textiles and apparel products. On June 3rd, 2004, Columbian custom imposed price restriction on importing socks except for those from the Andes Group countries. Turkey decided to launch safeguard against part of textiles and apparel products from China on December 23rd, 2004 and began to impose quotas on 42 categories of Chinese textiles and apparel products on February 1st, 2005.

(2)Features of the trade barriers to China’s textile products

Firstly, trade barriers to China’s textile products are large in quantity and variety, and wide in scope. From April, 2004 to May, 2005, 19 remarkable trade disputes were launc hed against China’s textiles and apparel products, the forms of which ranged from export prohibition, custom price fixing, safeguard, tariff to quota, special protection and surveillance, etc., while the category coverage almost included China’s whole textile industry. Secondly, apparent rising trend is shown in the frequency of Chinese textile trade dispute. The important disputes of China’s textile industry during 2004 were three, which scrambled to quite astonishing level of 16 in the first five months in 2005. Thirdly, dispute initiators involve not only developed countries such as U.S., but also quite a number of developing countries, such as Mexico, Argentina and Brazil.

2.Bottlenecks of China’s textile industry

(1)Heavily based on factor endowment advantage

The majority of China’s export in textiles and apparel products concentrates in low or medium quality ones, which shows in world market China’s great price advantage due to cheap labor but less competitive advantage in quality and variety.

On the first hand, Chinese textile products are similar in structure, lack of variety and low in technology, which make Chinese textile products easy to be imitated. China’s textiles and apparel products are highly substitutable to products fro mother developing countries, thus are weak in competitive advantage and vulnerable to trade barriers. On the second hand, increasingly intensified rivalry in world’s low-tech and low value added textile market tends to force exporters to compromise, while importers hope to obtain else political or economic benefits, so some developed countries tend to impose discriminating policies on some products for some political or economic reason within framework of international trade rules.

(2)Cutthroat competition among Chinese domestic firms

The ‘small profits but quick turnover’tradition in Chinese enterprises along with government’s long term export subsidy for foreign exchange accumulation forces many export firms in China cut price in order to reach their export target, and therefore incur anti-dumping measures. Some firms even sell products at zero profit prices in order to gain export subsidy or drawbacks. Mess in pricing activities is most likely to incur trade restrictions from U.S. and other countries. Additionally, China is still on the way of economic transition, and policy transparency needs to be strengthened.

(3)High export concentration

China’s four most weighty textile export markets are Hong Kong (China), Japan, EU and U.S., which absorb 70% of China’s textile product export in total. China’s textile export to Africa, Latin America, the Middle East and other more than 100 countries is increasing, yet the aggregative share accounts only for 12%, which is even smaller than that of Japan. High geographic concentration of export is rather likely to induce trade protectionism in target countries/regions and enhance the likelihood of trade disputes, which are harmful to long run development of China’s textile industry.

3.Protectionism in developed countries

(1)Pressures from domestic industries of import countries

China has become one of the world’s largest exporters and trade surplus earner in textiles and apparel products by virtue of her rapid progress in textile industry, which is marked by expanding scale and increasing output. Developed countries thereby tend to seek excuses for import restriction against China’s textiles and apparel products on account of their political elections or protection to domestic industries. Trade protection is therefore necessarily employe d as their long term strategy. China, as the world’s largest textile exporter, consequentially bears the brunt of their trade restriction.

Moreover, China is the world’s largest socialistic country and operates under different political system and ideologies from other developed countries, and this is likely to be another excuse for discrimination or obstacle. On the other hand, China’s stay in WTO is not long enough for either her government or firms to win sufficient experience in protecting domestic industries under international trade rule framework. This is a more bait for trade disputes.

(2) Protection transition in developed countries

Moreover, technical trade barriers and other non-tariff protection measures, including environmental standards, technical standards, rules in package & label and labor wage, etc., are additionally available to developed countries for their protection towards textile industry. For instance, many developed countries enact standards on environment protection (such as technical standards for dye, standards for textile fiber and fiber processing environment, security standards for textile products and standards on producing circumstances), wage standard, labor rights and so on. These complex standards are likely to be employed by developed countries to restrict import from other countries.

(3)Utilization of special articles and clauses in the Protocol on the Accession of the People’s Republic of China

Despite the fact that quota are canceled from Jan 1st, 2005, China is still facing restrictions from some special articles and clauses, two of which are commonly adopted. One is the special safeguard measure to Chinese textile products. Till December 31st, 2008 China’s import partners are granted to turn back to quantitative restriction against Chinese textile products, to which quota have been originally canceled, on condition thereof existence or threat of market disruption”and ethe role of products of Chinese origin in that disruption”, as stated in the Report of the Work ing Party on the Accession of China (241-242). Countries like U.S., EU, Korea, Japan,

Canada and India handmade legislations in succession according to this clause. The other clause is the special safeguard measure.According to Article 16, on transitional product-specific safeguard mechanism, of the Protocol on the Accession of the People’s Republic of China to the WTO, importers are granted to take restrictions against Chinese products if the latter micromarketing disruption”till 2013.

Besides the above mentioned causations, it is noteworthy that there are contradictions and conflicts not only between exporters and their importers but also between exporters. China’s rapid growth in export has incurred resentment from other textile exporters. Some commercial associations in these countries have already solicited European countries and U.S. for prolonged quota against textile products from China. Simultaneously, some developed countries are seeking excuses for trade protection against China under veil of interest of the least developed economies.

中国纺织品的政策建议23

摘要

纺织品和服装产品的配额结束于2005年1月1日，根据协议对纺织品和成衣，以及全球纺织品贸易应转向自由贸易管理制度。扩大全球市场，从而扩大中国的纺织产品，但在这一领域的竞争正日益加剧。因此，如何在“后配额时代”期间，正确理解国际竞争格局，通过优化程序实现和潜在的比较优势和竞争优势，发展路径，探索战略，以促进今后的生产和出口，从而达到这一支柱产业的可持续发展，是一个至关重要的问题，以配件供应争辩说，对纺织行业的依赖，中国有效地实施三大战略才是未来发展的关键。

1.从简单的规模扩张转向扩大高附加值产品，促进核心竞争优势

行业结构的优化，提高人力资本存量和技术是先决条件，在中国的纺织行业要实现可持续发展，竞争优势，技术创新以及产业升级。从目前来看，产品与客户和低附加值提供的材料受到了广大中国的纺织产品。因此，有必要对中国的纺织行业摒弃传统的追求数量和规模，并更加重视提高附加值，提升核心竞争优势。

2.中国的出口市场，也是中国企业国际化战略的多样化

中国的纺织品出口市场主要集中在香港，日本，欧盟和韩国。高密度的出口市场，使中国的纺织产品在很大程度上依赖于几个主要市场，因而容易受到突然燃起的贸易争端。中国纺织企业应该抓住机遇开拓非洲，拉丁美洲和东欧等新兴市场，中国纺织行业应该保持其市场多元化战略，并不断开拓新的出口市场，并加强在“后配额传统市场时代“，以保持出口平稳发展。国际化战略指的是纺织企业在中国可以购买或建造生产，销售的纺织品企业在其出口市场，以跳贸易壁垒对中国纺织产品，并减少中国纺织品和进口国之间的贸易争端的频率。“国际化”不仅是在开放过程中的发展战略，也是企业的重要国际竞争的竞争手段。

配额的取消“后配额时代降低出口成本，激励出口商的积极性，这导致了三个”大幅增加“中国纺织产业，即急剧上升的生产，出口和就业。这些增加可能会损害中国的整体出口，如果政府未能跟上出口秩序，因此产生的贸易争端与主要进口国。虽然官方的干扰，被广泛聘用在中国计划时代，控制了出口，市场的方法，其中包括汇率，缺点和出口关税，应主要由政府通过在当前市场经济对

2 Movius, Lisa ，中国化工报道

规范市场秩序和纺织品出口。

此外，政府和行业协会应该分析协议纺织品及成衣，以找出中国的纺织品出口好手段，改善与其他国家的政策合作，探讨纺织品进口国的贸易政策，引入灵活的措施来刺激出口和解决贸易争端，通过WTO框架与其他WTO成员内谈判。中国政府和行业协会要积极努力建立政府指导产业预警系统，涉及政府，行业协会和企业。政府和行业协会也应构建工业信息中心和数据库。为了克服技术性贸易壁垒，政府和企业应提供纺织企业提供援助。

The Policy Suggestions of China’s Textile24

Abstract

Quota in textiles and clothing products comes to end on January 1st, 2005, according to Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC), and global textile trade should turn to free trade administration system. An enlarged global market is thereby accessible to China’s textile pr oducts, yet rivalry in this sector is increasingly intensified. Hence, how to correctly comprehend the international competition pattern during the ‘post quota era’, program developing path through realized and latent comparative and competitive advantage, explore strategies to foster future production and export, so as to reach continuable development in this pillar industry, is a critical issue to China.We argue that keys for China’s future development of textile industry lie in effective implementation of three strategies.

1.Turn from simple scale expansion to expansion of high value-added products and promote kernel competitive advantage

Optimization of industry structure, enhancement in human capital stock and technology are preconditions to continuable development, competitive advantage, technology innovation as well as to industrial upgrade in China’s textile industry. For the time being, products with materials supplied by clients and with low added value are the majority of China’s textile products. It is therefore imperative for China’s textile industry to abandon traditional pursuit in quantity and scale, and to place greater emphasis on enhancing added value and upgrading kernel competitive advantage.

2.Diversification of China’s export markets and internationalization strategy of China’s firms

China’s textile export markets are concentrated in Hong Kong, Japan, EU and Korea. High concentration in export markets makes China’s textile products rely heavily on several major markets, and thus vulnerable to suddenly kindled trade disputes. Textile firms of China ought to hold opportunities to exploit newly emerging markets in Africa, Latin America and East Europe etc. China’s textile industry should keep on its market diversification strategy, and exploit new export markets as well as

2 Movius, Lisa，China Chemical Reporter

strengthen traditional markets in the ‘post quota era’, in order to maintain smooth export development. The internationalization strategy refers to that textile firms in China can purchase or construct producing or sales textile corporations in their export markets, in order to jump the trade barriers to Chinese textile products and reduce the frequency of trade disputes between China and textile import countries. ‘Internationalization’is not only a developing strategy during the opening process, but also firms’important competing instrument in international competition.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9810866143.html,ernment’s effective regulation and establishment of industrial early-warning system

Cancellation of quota in the ‘post quota era reduces export cost and inspires exporters’enthusiasm, which leads to three ‘sharp increases’of China’s textile industry, namely, sharp increases in production, export and employment. These increases may impair China’s holistic export if the government fails to keep export ing order and therefore incur trade disputes with major importing countries.While official interferences were widely employed in Chinese Planning Era to control over export, market method, which includes exchange rate, drawbacks and exporting tariff, should mainly be adopted by the government in current market economy to regulate market order and textile export.

In addition, the government and industry associations ought to analyze Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) to find out good means for Chin a’s textile export, improve policy cooperation with other countries, investigate trade policies of textile importing countries, introduce flexible measures to stimulate exports, and settle trade disputes through negotiation within WTO framework with other WTO members. Chinese government and industrial associations should make active effort to establish a government-guided industrial early-warning system which involves government, industrial associations and firms. Government and industrial associations should also construct industrial information centers and databases. In order to overcome technical trade barriers, government and enterprises should provide textile enterprises with assistance, especially in information collection toward technology statutes, technique standards and assessing procedures.