2009年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

北京有色金属研究总院

2009年博士研究生招生英语考试试题

（请将答案写在答题纸上）

1.Words and Sentence Structures. There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part.

From the choices after each sentence, choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. (15%)

(1). Good-quality titanium containing only a small amount of residual oxygen has

been successfully produced and scaled industrial levels.

a) up b) down

c) by d) to

(2). My Life shows us the progress of a remarkable American, who, through his own

enormous energies and efforts, made the journey from Hope, Arkansas, to the White House.

a) likely b) unlikely

c) possible d) impossible

(3). It is time for America to replace politicians with statesmen who look ______ the

next generation ______ the next election.

a) to……instead of b) at……instead of

c) to……against d) at……against

(4). Hurricane Katrina continues to rumble along the south coast, although this time

it’s not expected to land.

a) hit b) shatter

c) arrive d) board

(5). With little question the U.S. is in the grips of a recession, investors this week will

lean on a stream of earnings and economic reports exactly how prolonged and painful the downturn might be.

a) help to determine b) helping to determine

c) to help determine d) to help determining

(6). China's middle-class moms and blue-collar pensioners were among the world's

most avid and successful investors last year. Now their record is lost fortunes, broken families and protest.

a) between b) among

c) one of d) three of

(7) What goes up must come down. After a record-breaking 10-year boom for

commodities, it was inevitable that prices would have to retreat ----- especially _______ global financial turmoil and sagging economic growth.

a) facing b) faced up to

c) on the face of d) in the face of

(8) The history proves that advances of culture depend upon the opportunities ______

a social group to learn from the experience of their neighbors.

a) presented to b) presented by

c) to present d) to be presented by

(9) It is deadly but common ______ to believe that by displaying and vaunting your

gifts and talents, you are winning the master’s affection.

a) inscription b) discerption

c) disperception d) misperception

(10) The impact of the West on India was quite different from its impact on Russia. In

the case of Russia, the West ______ decisive cultural and economic influence, but Russia remained politically and militarily independent.

a) affected b) infected

c) exerted d) exercised

2.Reading Comprehension. Each passage in this part is followed by some

questions or unfinished statements. Read the text carefully and decide on the best ONE from given choices. (30%)

(A)

A shortcut method to produce metallic titanium from its oxide involves seeking a qualified reductant R to remove oxygen as according to Equation TiO2 + 2R = Ti + 2RO. Thermodynamically, oxygen should have a stronger affinity to R than to titanium, but reductants such as aluminum and carbon pollute the titanium produced. Only calcium and rare earth metals can reduce the residual oxygen to less than 1,000 mass ppm. Direct reduction using calcium was proposed before the development of the Kroll process, but its industrial application was difficult. Calcium forms a CaO film on the surface of the titanium particles, and this layer physically hinders the successive reduction and deoxidation by calcium.

(1) What can be inferred from the text on the affinity of oxygen to aluminum?

a) It’s stronger than the affinity of oxygen to titanium.

b) It’s weaker than the affinity of oxygen to titanium..

c) It’s stronger than the affinity of oxygen to carbon.

d) It’s weaker than the affinity of oxygen to carbon.

(2) What’s the problem of direct reduction using calcium?

a) The affinity of oxygen to calcium is too strong.

b) The affinity of oxygen to calcium is too weak.

c) The formation of film which prevents further reduction and deoxidation.

d) The formation of film which is not physiologically successive at deoxidation. (B)

As Isaac Newton dominated seventeenth century science with his discovery of the laws governing the bodies of the universe, so Charles Darwin (1809-1882) dominated nineteenth, for he discovered the laws governing the evolution of man himself.

The concept of evolution, however, was by no means new with Darwin: it had been propounded and applied in various fields of science. Jean de Lamarck (1744-1829) had earlier challenged the traditional notion of the immutable fixity of species created at one time and existing ever since. Instead he envisioned a comprehensive evolution from worm to man, and sought to explain the process of evolution with the theory of acquired characteristics. Horses acquired their speedy legs from the need to run fast, giraffes their long necks from the need to feed on tall branches. And any such body changes are handed on by hereditary processes to be the starting point for the next generation.

(3) What does this passage talk about?

a) Isaac Newton.

b) Charles Darwin.

c) The concept of evolution

d) Various fields of science.

(4) What did Charles Darwin (1809-1882) dominate nineteenth century for?

a) His discovery by himself.

b) His discovery of his own laws.

c) His discovery of laws about the universe.

d) His discovery of laws on man’s evolution.

(5) According to Jean de Lamarck, how do giraffes develop their long necks?

a) They develop longer necks from need and give this acquired characteristic to the

later generations.

b) They acquire their long necks from hereditary processes and further develop this

characteristic by the need to feed on tall branches.

c) They develop this characteristic as a result of the natural process in the evolution

from worm to man.

d) They develop this characteristic as a result of the natural process in the further

evolution starting from horses.

(C)

The “new intellectual horizons,”then, explain not so much the origins of European expansion before 1500, as its impetus and irresistible power after 1600. The later, however, is vastly significant in its own right. The fact remains that there was an intellectual ferment in Western Europe and that it had no counterpart in the rest of Eurasia. This is a fundamental difference of enormous import.

In China, Confucianism continued to dominate society. Its esteem for age over youth, for the past over the present, for established authority over innovation made it an unequaled instrument for the preservation of the status quo in all its aspects. The resulting atmosphere of conformity and orthodoxy, precluding the possibility of continued intellectual development, helps to explain why China fell behind the West in technology, despite its brilliant initial achievements in developing paper, printing, gunpowder, and the compass. These early inventions were not followed by the formulation of a body of scientific principles.

(6) Which of the following could be well attributed to the “new intellectual

horizons”?

a) The origins of European expansion before 1500.

b) The impetus and irresistible power of the expansion after 1600.

c) The own right of the origins of European expansion before 1500.

d) The own right of the impetus and irresistible power of the expansion after 1600.

(7) Which of the following is respected by Confucianism according to the author?

a) domination.

b) youth.

c) authority.

d) innovation.

(8) What is the purpose of the author in mentioning China’s Four Great Inventions?

a) to support the esteem of established authority over innovation.

b) to give examples of unequaled instruments.

c) to show that intellectual development was discontinued.

d) to show the formulation of a body of scientific principles

(D)

Elastic wave energy at ultrasonic frequencies has been successfully harnessed over the past 35 years, largely one must say by the ingenuity and empirical inventiveness of practitioners of non-destructive testing, as a valuable interrogating probe for locating internal planar defects in plates, forgings, and welds. Emphasis has been directed, during this period, towards the production of simple, portable, reliable instrumentation, which is now very widely used for site inspection of fabricated

structures, for quality control of volume production components, and for regular in-service maintenance inspection of plant and machinery. Much has been achieved in a relatively short time, so that ultrasonic non-destructive testing is now as widely and confidently called for in standards and manufacturing codes of practice as is the complementary, but much longer established, technique of radiography, which is, of course, more suited to the detection of internal volumetric defects.

(9) Which sector of technology has led the progress in the application of ultrasonic

wave?

a) non-destructive testing.

b) ultrasonic frequencies

c) valuable interrogating probe.

d) internal planar defects in plates, forgings, and welds.

(10) Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an application of “simple, portable,

reliable instrumentation”?

a) production emphasis.

b) site inspection.

c) maintenance inspection.

d) quality control.

(11) As implied by the text, which is more mature, the ultrasonic non-destructive

testing or radiography?

a) ultrasonic non-destructive testing.

b) radiography.

c) the same.

d) not implied.

(E)

Nineteenth century Russia presents the tragic spectacle of an underdeveloped country attempting to modernize itself, but with inadequate results and disruptive repercussions. The great apostle of modernization was Count Sergei Witte, Minister of Finance between 1892 and 1903. In a report to the Tsar in February, 1900, he warned of the need for rapid industrialization in words strikingly similar to those Stalin would speak a quarter century later:

International competition does not wait. If we do not take energetic and decisive measures so that in the course of the next decades our industry will be able to satisfy the needs of the Russia and of the Asiatic countries which are --- or should be --- under our influence, then the rapidly growing foreign industries will break through and in the Asiatic countries mentioned above and drive their roots into the lead to political and cultural backwardness as well.

Witte tried desperately to attain the desired industrialization. He introduced the gold standard, granted subsidies to certain industries, gave concessions to foreign

capitalists, floated substantial loans abroad, and erected high protective tariffs. Russian industry did forge ahead under these stimuli, but the country as a whole remained patently and painfully backward in comparison with the West. The census of January, 1897, revealed all the familiar symptoms of underdevelopment --- high rates of illiteracy and of infant mortality, low per capita mileage of roads and railways, and equally low agricultural and industrial productivity.

(12) In what aspect does the author compare Sergei Witte to Stalin?

a) their ages.

b) their positions.

c) their words.

d) their relations with Tsar.

(13) What does Sergei Witte really worry toward the Asiatic countries?

a) development.

b) influence.

c) growth.

d) politics.

(14) Which of the following aspects is NOT mentioned to illustrate the state of

underdevelopment?

a) transportation.

b) death of children.

c) per capita growth rate.

d) education.

(15) Which of the following statements is correct according to the text?

a) Industrialization proceeded smoothly due to Sergei’s desperate effort.

b) Russian industry forged ahead of the West due to patent protection.

c) Sergei’s effort did not win support from the Tsar and the common people.

d) Sergei’s effort did not ultimately improve Russian competitiveness.

3.Context Translation. Read the following text and translate the underlined

sentences into Chinese. (15%)

As recession spreads around the world, the global production networks that arose with the globalization of the world economy have become sources of cutbacks and job losses. ①Postponing purchases of new winter coats in the United States means job losses in Poland or China, and these losses then translate into reduced demand for American or German machine tools.

Unemployment and reduced sales then feed back into new losses in banks’ loan portfolios, further weakening the battered financial sector. ②As a result, anxiety, hopelessness, and anger are spreading, as what was a financial crisis becomes an

economic and human crisis. Unchecked, it could become a security crisis.

③The argument for a strong fiscal stimulus is overwhelming and several countries have already announced measures, but there is a need to evaluate what they all amount to in reality. For example, some constitute "new" money, while others represent existing commitments brought forward. We also need to assess the quality of these packages.

④Of course, fiscal stimulus does not mean just throwing money at the problem. There needs to be a strategy, priorities must be weighed, and empirical evidence analyzed. We should also remember that what growth there is in the world economy in 2009-2010 will come mostly from developing economies. Policies supporting their growth are critical to prospects in the advanced economies, too.

The automobile industry is a good example. Measures to keep the industry afloat in one country look like unfair competition to others. But the answer is not to let a collapse in the world’s car industry fuel a deeper recession. ⑤The answer is to coordinate a global recovery package, which creates the opportunity to point recovery in the direction of a new generation of fuel-efficient and low-carbon-emission vehicles and green jobs.

4.Chinese-to-English Translation. (20%). There are 5 sentences in this part.

Read the Chinese carefully and translate them into English.

金属和非金属的使用时间和人类进入文明的时间一样长。

我觉得英语比数学简单多了，而且考试分数总比数学高多了。

继苏联和美国之后，中国成为第三个把人送入太空的国家。

我们相信，中国人将用大约十年的时间就能制造出大型飞机。

地震后，营救工作很艰难，以至于战士们和医生们坚持工作好长时间，但是他们从没放弃。

5.Writing (20%)

随着经济形势的恶化和就业压力的加剧，找工作难已经成为一个普遍的社会问题。请以“More Jobs”为题论述政府应增加工作岗位的原因和应采取的具体措施，字数以200字左右为宜。

Answer Sheet 1.Words and Sentence Structures. (15%)

2.Reading Comprehension. (30%)

3.Context Translation. (15%)

①

②

③

④

⑤

4.Chinese-to-English Translation. (20%)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

5.Writing. (20%)

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