上海海事大学综英语法练习

IV. Grammar

1. You had better keep the medicine _______ is inaccessible to children.

A) that B) where C) where it D) in which

2. I’m sorry I have made so many mistakes. I wish I ________.

A) didn’t B) hadn’t C) wouldn’t D) won’t

3. Obviously they didn’t see the significance of the plan. That’s ________ the problem was.

A) where B) why C) / D) how

4. If he catches you ________ his letter, he will be furious.

A) to read B) read C) reading ) to be reading

5. It was ________ he arrived home ________ he realized that he had left his keys in the office.

A) until … that B) not until … had C) until … had D) not until … that

6. They fulfilled the task in ________ it took us.

A) two-thirds time B) two-thirds times C) two-thirds the time D) the two-thirds time

7. He told me that it was in the museum ________ he had visited twice ________ he learned a lot.

A) where … that B that … where C) where … where D) that … that

8. Did you say that there was no exception ________ this rule?

A) of B) to C) from D) with

9. With hid child _______ to the care of his parents, he went abroad.

A) left B) leaving C) to be left D) to leave

10. He insisted on his name ________ in full.

A) write B) was written C) be written D) being written

11. _______ that happen, what ________ we do?

A) If … shall B) Suppose … shall C) Should … would D) Had … should

12. With a little more patience, you ________ the job better.

A) could do B) would do C) could have done D) must have done

13. All I can do now is nothing ________.

A) but waiting B) but wait C) except waiting D) only to wait

14. The living conditions there were hard; they had so much ________.

A) to put up B) for putting up C) for putting up with D) to put up with

15. The thief broke into the museum, _______ on the spot by the policemen.

A) caught B) to be caught C) only to be caught D) being caught

16. The new term will begin on September 1, ________ is reported in today’s newspaper.

A) as B) that C) what D) and

17. This ________ your first composition, I’ll ask you to write a short one.

A) is B) will be C) was D) being

18. You’ve made some progress in your study. But it still remains ________.

A) improving B) improvement C) to improve D) to be improved

19. ________ more experience, he would have done it better.

A) Given B) Giving C) To give D) Gave

20. He worked hard on the construction site with a view ________ some experience.

A) to gain B) to gaining C) for gaining D) to be gaining

21. The farmers had the tractors ________ 24 hours during the harvest season.

A) working B) work C) worked D) to work

22. ________ that you have no objection, we will have the meeting in your room.

A) If B) To be provided C) Provided D) Except

23. I ________ to meet you here.

A) didn’t expect B) hadn’t expected C) don’t expect D) will not expect

24. You ________ for another two years before you graduate from this university.

A) will be studying B) study C) will have studied D) will study

25. The meeting ________ because of his absence.

A) called off B) calls off C) was called off D) has called off

26. The higher the standard of living, the ________.

A) greater is the amount of goods consumed

B) greater amount of goods consumed

C) amount of goods is used greater

D) greater the amount of goods consumed

27. It’s essential that a photographer ________ first to use the equipment.

A) must learn B) learn C) has to learn D) would learn

28. We are given the orders that the project ________ before the end of next month.

A) has to be drawn up B) to drawn up C) shall be drawn up D) will be drawn up

29. He is working very hard for fear that he ________ behind.

A) should lag B) lags C)can lag D) could lag

30. Birds of a feather ________ together.

A) flock B) flocks C) will flock D) flocked

31. He moved at the meeting that more thoughts ________ to the reconstruction of this area.

A) will be given B) are to given C) would be given D) should be given

32. I have never read ________ than this.

A) more interesting a book B) a book as interesting

C) a more interesting book D) more interesting book

33. So ________ that nobody noticed it.

A) the noise was faint B) faint the noise was

C) faintly the noise was D) faint was the noise

34. Many a time ________ to Hangzhou, which is famous for its scenery.

A) have we been B) we have been C) did we go D) we went

35. Not only you but also he ________.

A) are to blame B) is to blame C) are to be blamed D) is to be blamed

36. “Mother, you promised to buy a bike for my birthday.”

“Well, ________.”

A) so did I B) so I did C) so do I D) so I do

37. ________ against the idea was Lily.

A) Among chief of those B) Among those chief

C) Chief among those D) Among chief those

38. Since the buses are so crowded, we ________ go home on foot.

A) should B) might as well C) had better to D) need to

39. As far as I can see, he seems ________ some progress.

A) having made B) to make C) making D) to have made

40. The book is supposed ________ by an author of the 18th century.

A) to be written B) to write C) to have been written D) to be writing

41. He has visited many countries in the world: America, Britain, Italy ________.

A) France, etc. B) and France and etc. C) and France, etc. D) France and etc.

43. We were told that two hours ________ the limit of time for the test.

A) is B) are C) was D) were

44. So far a three-fourths majority in our neighbourhood ________ to help.

A) have volunteered B) has volunteered

C) has been volunteered D) have been volunteered

45. We tried to advise him not to do ________, but he wouldn’t hear of it.

A) the impossible things B) the things impossible

C) the impossible D) nothing impossible

46. He wonders why he should always obey her if he has sufficient reason not ________.

A) to do B) doing C) doing it D) to

47. Children live, ________, in a different world from adults.

A) to speak so B) so to speak C) to speak nothing D) to speak of

48. Here is the dessert. ________?

A) Do you like some B) Would you like some

C) Do you like that D) Would you like that

49. Although your computer is most up-to-date, I’d like to use ________.

A. my own B) my own one C) my one D) old one

50. He knows _______ than I do about it.

A) not more B) much C no more D) not less

51. “May I help you with your washing?”

“Yes, it will be nice if you ________.”

A) help B) wash C) do D) would do

52. You must have visited him last week, ________?

A) mustn’t you B) didn’t you C) did you D) do you

53. Do you know ________ invented paper-making in China?

A) who was it that B) whom was it that C) who it was that D) whom it was that

54. You have to eat up ________ in your plate.

A) what left B) that left C) that is left D) what is left

55. ________ and I’ll keep you out of the classroom.

A) Play truant again B) If you play truant again

C) To play truant again D) Don’t play truant

56. ______ there, he found a great deal to interest him.

A) This being his first visit B) Never having visited

C) This being his first time to visit D) having never been before

57. He did not repay me five hundred dollars; ________ he wished to borrow another five hundred dollars.

A) in fact B) indeed C) therefore D) instead

58. He ate greedily and in a moment there was ________ to nothing left on the table.

A) near B) almost C) nearly D) next

59. I have decided to visit Beijing; ________, my wife doesn’t allow me to leave the family.

A) moreover B) however C) therefore D) thus

60. ________ comes first will be first served.

A) No matter who B) Who C) Whoever D) Those who

61. Tradition ________ salt was placed in front of the king on the table of royalty.

A) said that B) says that C) was D) had it that

62. He will be back in another five days ________ I know.

A) though B) since C) as long as D) as far as

63. The old man said, “________, they cannot grow any higher.”

A) Highly as these mountains are B) High as are these mountains

C) High as these mountains are D) Though high are the mountains

64. This is the young man from our group, ________ to help you with your experiments.

A) whose job B) whose job it is C) it is whose job D) whose is the job

65. What ________ are you planning to buy?

A) make of the air-conditioner B) make of air-conditioner

C) make of an air-conditioner D) made of air-conditioner

66. ________ thoughts are ________ best.

A) Second … / B) The second … / C) Second the … D) The second … the

67. ________ done before we could do anything.

A) Damage has been B) Damages have been

C) Damages had been D) Damage had been

68. Shanghai is ________ of China.

A) New York B) a New York C) the New York D) New York City

69. He bought four ________ of wine.

A) dozen bottles B) dozen bottle C) dozens bottles D) dozen of bottles

70. ________ a type of infectious disease, which takes a long time to get over.

A) The mumps is B) Mumps are C) Mumps is D) The mumps are

71. ________ health is better than ________ wealth.

A) The … the B) The …/ C) / … / D) / … the

72. ________ students in the school have entered for the competition.

A) A good number B) A great many C) A great deal of D) A good many

73. Stella is ________ s tudent of Mr. Jone’s.

A) a B) the C) one D. /

74. She is of ________.

A) the age as old as my mother B) the same age as my mother’s

C) the same old as my mother D) the same age as my mother

75. Do you think ________ I should enter for the competition?

A) whether B) if C) how D) that

76. When you ________ the newspapers, come back home at once.

A) sell B) have sold C) sold D) will sell

77. ________ a conscientious student, he never comes to class without preparing his lessons well.

A) To be B) To have been C) Being D) In order to be

78. I gave her ________ check.

A) fifty-dollar B) a fifty-dollar C) fifty-dollars D) a fifty dollars

79. ________ his advanced age, the old man goes for a walk every day.

A) Nevertheless B) However C) Notwithstanding D) Despite of

80. There is nothing I dislike ________ students who are lazy.

A) than B) more than C) more D) as

Key

Grammar

1. C

2. B

3. A

4. C

5. D

6. C

7. D

8. B

9. A 10. D

11. C 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. D 19. A 20. B 21. A 22. C 23. A 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. B 29. A 30. A 31. D 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B 36. B 37. C 38. B 39. D 40. C 41. A 42. C 43. D 44. B 45. C 46. D 47. B 48. B 49. A 50. C 51. C 52. B 53. C 54. D 55. A 56. A 57. D 58. D 59. B 60. C 61. D 62. D 63. C 64. B 65. B 66. A 67. D 68. C 69. A 70. C 71. C 72. B 73. A 74. D 75. D 76. B 77. C 78. B 79. C 80. B V ocabulary

1. A

2. C

3. D

4. C

5. A

6. D

7. B

8. D

9. C 10. B

11. D 12. B 13. D 14. B 15. C 16. A 17. B 18. C 19. C 20. C 21. C 22. D 23. D 24. B 25. B 26. A 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. C 36. A 37. A 38. B 39. A 40. D 41. A 42. B 43. B 44. D 45. B 46. B 47. A 48. C 49. A 50. B 51. C 52. B 53. A 54. B 55. C 56. B 57. D 58. A 59. A 60. B 61. B 62. D 63. A 64. A 65. A 66. B 67. B 68. A 69. C 70. B 71. B 72. D 73. C 74. A 75. B 76. C 77. B 78. A 79. C 80. C Section B

1. distractions

2. disastrous

3. revival

4. furious

5. profitable

6. personnel

7. installation

8. poisonous

9. pursuit 10. intelligence

11. electrical 12. ignorance 13. historical 14. uninformed 15. foreseen 16. revolutionized 17. additional 18. used 19. undoubtedly 20. Misfortunes 21. efficiency 22. childishly 23. dishonest 24. unemotional 25. distracts 26. consultation 27. sincerity 28. repetition 29. priority 30. charitable 31. resentment 32. ridiculously 33. suspicious 34. allowances 35. pressure 36. disintegrated 37. invisible 38. unwritten 39. periodic 40. climatic

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纪，由于民族语渗入学校，拉丁语教学法主要为词汇模仿法。先后提出了自觉性原则和直观性原则。这一时期的两大代表人物①惜提哈（ratch1571-163500））②夸美纽斯教学法Conienius(1592_1670) ①德国论点是通过经验与分析去学习一切。认为只从理论途径得到的记忆才是可 靠的。词汇翻译法，自觉对比法，认真教学法。 二、联结性的教学法学派 特点：经验主义的哲学观点；重视外语话语与实物，观念，概念等外部世界与思维的直接联系；侧重口头操练。 自然教学法（绝对排斥本族语的教学法） 直接教学法（自然教学法发展起来的）（一种习惯） 听说教学法 视听教学法 功能教学法（又名意念法，交际法或意念——功能—交际法 三、综合性的教学法学派，来源于直接法与翻译的综合 自觉实践法 折衷法（又是极端） 分阶段教学法 一、语法翻译法(Translation Method) The grammar translation Method(Reading Method ,classical Method ).In China, it is called old method and is probably the most widely known and has been the most widely used of all approaches to language teaching .Although there have been many developments in language teaching, especially in the teaching foreign language ,grammar-translation method in still used today in various forms .And the main drill in translation. The mains features are as the followings. 1.Classes are taught in the mother tongue,with little active use of the target lauguage. 2.Much vocabulary is taught in the form of lists of isofated words. 3.Long elaborate explanations of the intricacies of grammar are given. 4.Little attention explanations of the intricacies of grammar are given. 5.Often the only drills are exercises in translation disconnecfecl sentences from the target language into the mother tongue. 6.little or no attention is given to pronunciation. 希腊文、拉丁文、通过翻译来学习外语。 认为背诵文法规则是学习外语的捷径，使用的课本，开始是孤立的单词和孤立的语法例句，都是从希腊文和拉丁文的名著里摘引出来的。 Advontedges： 1.在外语教学里创建了翻译的教学形式； 2.在外语教学里利用文法、利用学生的理解力，以提高外语教学的效果； 3.着重阅读，着重学习原文或原文文学名著； 4.使用方便。只要教师掌握了外语的基本知识，就可以拿着外语课本教外语，不需要什么教具和设备。 Disadvanfudges： 1.忽视口语教学。在教学里没有抓住语言的本质； 2.忽视语音和语调的教学； 3.过分强调翻译，单纯通过翻译手段教外语，不利于培养学生用外语进行交际的能力，易使学生在使用外语时对翻译有依赖性；

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Process-oriented theories: are concerned with how the mind organizes new information such as habit.formation,.induction,making.inference,.hypothesis.testing.and.generalization.Condition-oriented theories: emphasize the nature of the human and physical context in which language learning takes place, such as the number of students, the kind of input learners receives, and the atmosphere.Behaviorist theory, skinner,learning process of habit formation&conditioning,a stimulus-response theory ,imitation&repetition SRR,audio-lingual method,external factors,the idea of this method is that language is learned by constant repletion and the reinforcement of the teacher. Mistakes were immediately corrected, and correct utterances were immediately praised. Cognitive theory, chomsky,learning:creative process, internal factors,students are asked to thinking and allow to create their own sentence based on their understanding of certain rules ,language is not a form of behavior, it is an intricate rule-based system and a large part of language acquisition is the learning of this system.Constructivist theory,personal construction,dewey, believes that learning is a process in which the learner constructs meaning based on his/her own experiences and what he/she already knows.Socio-constructivist theory, similar to constructivist theory, socio-constructivist theory emphasizes interaction and engagement with the target language in a social context based on the concept of “Zone of Proximal Development” (ZPD) and scaffolding.learning is best achieved through dynamic interaction between the teacher&learner&between learners Language teacher qualifications：1、a good command of spoken and written language2、formulate theory presupposition3、language background and experience4、know how languages are learnt 5、the ability to use methods in various situations6、deep understanding of cultural background7、understanding the principles of teaching.These elements can be categorized into three groups：ethic devotion，professional qualities and personal styles Communicative Competence:Hedge,:linguistic（knowledge of the language itself,its form and meaning）,pragmatic(the appropriate use of the language in social context),discourse(one ability to create coherent written text or conversation and the ability to understand it) ,strategic(strategies one employs when there is communication breakdown due to lack of resource),fluency(ability to link units of speech together with facility and without strain or inappropriate to slowness or undue hesitation) Views on language.Structural view —The founder：Saussure—The structural view of language sees language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems：1、the sound system（phonology）2、sound combinations（morphology）3、meaning for communication（syntax）—Learning the language is to learn the structural items，study the inner structure and rule of language，ignore the social functions of the language。Functional view— Representative：Johnson、marrow、swain canal (the core: grammar) —The function view not only sees language as a linguistic system but also a means for doing things—Learners learn a language in order to be able to doing things with it .Use the linguistic structure to express functions.Interactional view — Emphasis：appropriateness — Language is a communicative tool，which main use is to build up and maintain social relations between people—Learners need to know the rules for using the language in certain context—The structural view limits knowing a language to knowing its structural rules and vocabulary CLT（交际英语教学）:to help the learners acquire communicative https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9611698885.html,nguage in real life is used to perform certain communication functions; use all skills: A. Receptive skill: listening and reading B. Productive skill: speaking and writing; used in a certain social context: teach the part of language in real life rather than all the language students develop all the language skills. Traditional pedagogy (传统教学法): focus on the forms of language.

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