北京周报双语新闻1401
党的十八大明确提出“两个百年”、“两个全面”的奋斗目标，为教育事业改革发展指明了方向。习近平总书记在新一届中央领导集体中外记者见面会上把教育列为人民期盼“七个更”之首，李克强总理在国务院第一次全体会议上强调要编织一张包括义务教育在内的覆盖全民、保障基本民生的安全网，这对教育工作提出了新的更高要求。
实现十八大提出的奋斗目标，全面建成小康社会、顺利实现现代化，基础在教育、重点在农村。从一定意义上说，农村教育是兴国之基、惠民之要，关乎经济社会发展全局，关乎社会公平正义。九年义务教育是人生连续受教育时间最长的阶段，是打牢人生基础的关键阶段，对人的发展和未来幸福具有决定性影响。在义务教育阶段，农村学校占全国85%以上，农村学生占全国70%以上，覆盖了同龄学生的大多数。因此，办好农村教育，直接关系2020年教育现代化目标的实现。农村义务教育还是城乡统筹发展的连接点，只有为数以亿计的农村孩子提供公平而有质量的义务教育，才能缩小城乡差距，实现社会公平；才能为工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化同步发展提供人才支撑，全面建成小康社会。习近平总书记在十八大之后到河北阜平考察时讲，“下一代要过上好生活，首先要有文化。义务教育一定要搞好，让孩子们受到好的教育”。可以说，农村义务教育重中之重的地位怎么强调都不为过。
近年来，国家为发展农村义务教育办了一系列大事实事好事，既加大投入、加强建设，又深化改革、完善机制，在推进公平和提高质量上都迈出了重要步伐。城乡免费义务教育全面实现。农村中小学生均公用经费标准大幅提高。中央和地方投入3000多亿元实施的校舍安全工程，让学校成为最安全、家长最放心的地方。营养改善计划从最贫困地区起
The report to the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) set forth the goals that we must work towards in the years ahead. These goals include completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the time the CPC celebrates its centenary (2021); and turning China into a mod-ern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious by the time the People’s Republic of China (PRC) marks its centennial (2049). In addition to completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, the report also proposed the goal of deepening China’s reform and opening up in an all-round way. These targets have provided us with a clear direc-tion for the reform and development of education. In the first meeting of the newly elected Party leadership with the Chinese and foreign press, General Secretary Xi Jinping listed better education as the first of seven major public expectations. More -over, Premier Li Keqiang also highlighted the establishment of a safety net that cov-ers all the people and ensures their basic wellbeing, including education, during the first full session of the State Council. Therefore, in order to meet these new expecta -tions, more will be required of our initiatives in education.
Education and rural areas hold the key to achieving the goals established by the report to the 18th National Congress of the CPC, which include accomplishing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and realizing the modernization of the country. In a certain sense, rural education can be viewed as the foundation for the rejuvenation of the nation, and the key to ensuring the well -being of the people. As such, rural education has an important bearing on China’s overall social and economic development, and also on social fairness and justice. As the longest continuous stage of education that we attend, nine-year compulsory education lays down key foundations in our lives, having a decisive influence on our future and happiness. In China, rural schools account for over 85 percent of all schools providing compulsory education, while rural students account for more than 70 percent of students in compulsory education. Therefore, the provi-sion of sound education in rural areas will ensure our success in the modernization of education by the year 2020. Rural compulsory education also represents a key link in the coordination of rural and urban development. Only by providing fair and quality education for China’s hundreds of millions of rural children will we be able to narrow the development gap between urban and rural areas and safeguard social fairness. And only by doing that will we be able to train the talent we need to achieve the simultaneous progression of industrialization, IT application, urbaniza-tion, and agricultural modernization, and thereby complete the building of a mod-erately prosperous society in all respects. During a visit to Fuping County, Hebei Province, following the 18th National Congress of the Party, General Secretary Xi Jinping said, “If we want the next generation to live a better life, we must educate them well. We need to deliver a good performance in compulsory education, so that our children can receive a quality education.” Therefore, the importance of compulsory education in rural areas is something that cannot be overemphasized.
In recent years, the Chinese Government has carried out a series of large-scale, practical, and beneficial programs to promote the development of compulsory education in rural areas. By increasing expenditure, enhancing development, deep -ening reform, and improving mechanisms, we have been able to make significant advances with regard to the fairness and quality of rural compulsory education. For example, free compulsory education has been achieved in all urban and rural areas; public expenditure per student in rural primary and middle schools has been increased by a significant margin; the central government and local governments
Providing Better Compulsory Education
For Rural Children
让农村孩子接受更好的义务教育
Liu Yandong
刘延东
步，已经惠及3000多万学生。特岗计划、国培计划、免费师范生培养计划等提高了农村教师队伍整体素质，绩效工资、周转房建设、职称评定改革等措施改善了农村教师待遇。农村义务教育面貌发生了历史性变化，呈现出健康发展的新局面。
2011年，我国全面普及九年义务教育（以下简称“普九”），解决了适龄儿童少年“有学上”的问题。“普九”完成后，义务教育发展向何处去？十八大报告、政府工作报告和国务院第一次全体会议都提出了明确要求，即推进义务教育均衡发展，让所有孩子不仅“有学上”，而且“上好学”。各级党委政府、各有关部门要按照中央的要求，把均衡发展作为义务教育的战略任务，明确路线图和时间表，确保到2020年基本实现区域内义务教育均衡发展的目标。
义务教育均衡发展承载着群众对公平教育和优质教育的双重期盼，比实现“普九”更为复杂、难度更大。推进均衡发展首先要从最广大的农村开始，这是因为历史形成的城乡二元结构带来的城乡差距，使农村成为我国社会事业和教育发展最薄弱的地方。因此，一个地方教育办得好不好，首先要看义务教育抓得怎么样；义务教育好不好，首先要看农村义务教育办得怎么样。在党中央、国务院的关怀重视下，2012年财政性教育经费占国内生产总值的比重实现4%，总量达到2万多亿元，占财政支出的20%，各级党委政府、各级财政部门为此作出了很大努力，成果来之不易。当前，在经济下行、财政增收大幅度减少的情况下，中央仍把教育投入作为刚性支出，提出继续增加但要用好的要求，体现了中央对教育的特殊重视，社会对此也高度关注。各级党委政府要以高度的责任感使命感，对农村义务教育倾注更多的精力，投入更大的财力，把钱用在刀刃上，向边远贫困地区和民族地区倾斜，做到雪中送炭，织好网、补短板、兜住底、促公正。本届政府任期内，要进一步加大支持力度，努力实现义务教育办学条件改善、教育质量提升、城乡差距缩小，让老百姓感受到实实在在的变化，为亿万农村孩子成长成才奠定坚实基础。
第一，坚持不懈巩固提高“普九”水平“普九”是新中国的一项世纪工程，取得的成就举世瞩目。目前，我国小学净入学率达到99.85%，初中毛入学率达到102.1%，九年义务教育巩固率达到92%，小学和初中的辍学率一直低于国家控制线（小学1%、初中3%）。但也要看到，我国义务教育城乡差距还比较大，贫困、边远、民族地区差距更大，部分地区“普九”水平低、不稳定，巩固提高的任务相当艰巨，决不能因为全面完成了
have allocated more than 300 billion yuan ($49.4 billion) in funding to improve the safety of school buildings, making school the safest place for children and set-ting parents’ minds at ease; since being launched in China’s most impoverished areas, schemes to provide better nutrition for rural students have already benefited more than 30 million students; the overall quality of the rural teaching workforce has been improved through several initiatives, namely, a plan to place university graduates in special teaching positions in rural schools in western regions, a na-tional plan to train primary and middle school teachers, and a policy of free tuition for teacher-training students; and benefits for rural teachers have been improved through measures such as introducing performance-based pay, providing tempo-rary housing at subsidized rates or for free, and reforming the accreditation system for teaching professionals. Owing to these efforts, we have managed to change the face of compulsory education in rural areas. Now, compulsory education in rural areas is showing new signs of sound development.
The universal coverage of nine-year compulsory education, which was achieved in 2011, has ensured that all children are able to attend school. But now that universal coverage has been achieved, what will our next goal be in the de -velopment of compulsory education? In fact, clear requirements for the develop-ment of compulsory education have already been set out in the report to the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the report on the work of the government, and at the first full session of the State Council. In other words, our next requirement is to promote the balanced development of compulsory education. By balancing the development of compulsory education, not only will we guarantee that all children are able to attend school, we will also ensure that they are able to receive a qual-ity education. Therefore, in accordance with the requirements of the CPC Central Committee, Party committees, governments, and related departments at all levels are required to view the balanced development of compulsory education as a strategic task, formulate clear roadmaps and timeframes for these initiatives, and ensure that the balanced development of compulsory education on a regional basis can be attained by the year 2020.
The balanced development of compulsory education embodies the expecta -tions of the public for fair and quality education. For this reason, balancing the development of education is a more arduous and complex task than attaining the universal coverage of nine-year compulsory education. Efforts to promote the balanced development of compulsory education must begin in our vast rural ar-eas. This is because China’s urban-rural gap, a result of the dualistic urban-rural structure that has emerged in China over the long term, has caused the develop-ment of education and other social programs to be the weakest in rural areas. In ascertaining how well education has been implemented in any given local area, what we need to look at first is how well compulsory education has been handled. And in ascertaining how well compulsory education has been implemented, what we need to look at first is how well rural compulsory education has been handled. With the close attention and care of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, government expenditure on education was able to reach 4 percent of the GDP in 2012, standing in excess of 2 trillion yuan in total, or 20 percent of overall government expenditure for that year. This hard-earned result can be attributed to the efforts of Party committees, government authorities, and financial departments at all levels. At present, the central government still views spending on education as fixed expenditure, even though our economic growth is coming under increas -ing downward pressure and the growth of fiscal revenue has declined significantly. Moreover, the government will continue to increase government expenditure on education, although it has also required that education funding must be used more effectively. These commitments bear testament to the special importance that the central government attaches to education. This has also been the subject of signifi -cant public attention. Guided by a strong sense of responsibility and mission, Party committees and local governments at all levels must devote more energy to com-pulsory education in rural areas, increase the level of spending that goes to rural compulsory education, and ensure that this money is used where it is needed. By tilting government expenditure towards outlying poverty-stricken areas and ethnic minority areas, they must come to the aid of those in need, weave a solid safety net, address weak areas, provide basic guarantees, and promote fairness. During the current term of government, we must step up our efforts to improve conditions in schools offering compulsory education, raise the quality of education, and nar-row the gap between urban and rural areas. Through these efforts, we must seek to achieve tangible change that can be felt by the public, and lay down solid founda-tions for the healthy development of hundreds of millions of rural children.I. We will make continued efforts to improve nine-year compulsory education
The universalization of nine-year compulsory education was a major under -taking that began with the founding of the PRC in 1949. The results that we have gained in this regard have captivated the world. At present, the net enrollment ratio
“普九”任务，就有松口气的思想。
义务教育是宪法和义务教育法规定的、所有适龄儿童必须接受的教育，具有强制性、免费性、普及性。提供义务教育是政府法定职责，让子女接受义务教育是家长法定义务。当前，一些地方辍学现象仍然存在。过去学生辍学主要是因为家庭经济困难，现在情况更为复杂。少数家长觉得读书无用，让孩子辍学务工；个别地区学生因上学路远不便而辍学；有的学生因厌学而辍学；有的家庭监护责任不到位，造成一些留守儿童逃学离校。这些现象都须引起高度重视。教育规划纲要提出，到2015年义务教育巩固率提高到93%，2020年提高到95%。这是硬指标、硬约束，必须确保。一是政府责任不能减。控辍保学实行属地化管理，要纳入地方政府和教育部门的政绩考核指标。学生在什么地方辍学，所在地政府及相关部门就有责任促其返学。二是学校工作要做实做细。加强管理，改进教学，以父母之心育人，帮助孩子成长成才。对学习困难、厌学逃学的学生，要注重培养学习兴趣，增强学习信心。三是全社会要形成合力。对没有尽到责任的家长，要督促改正。对非法使用童工，出现一起查处一起。对流浪儿童，要动员社会力量，多措并举，坚决减少以至消除儿童流浪现象。
巩固提高义务教育普及水平特别需要关注两个群体，就是留守儿童和流动儿童。留守儿童因与父母长期分离，关爱不足，容易导致心理、情感、行为、学习等方面的问题。流动儿童也面临入学和融入城市问题。要通过大力改善受教育条件，给予他们更多的关心和体贴。寄宿制学校要优先接纳留守儿童，城市公办学校要为流动儿童提供更多入学机会，同时构建社会关爱服务机制，加强心理辅导和健康教育。要让学校成为留守儿童温暖的家，城市成为流动儿童成长的乐土，老师成为最亲近的人，让孩子们学习有劲头、生活更快乐。
结合贯彻中央改进工作作风、密切联系群众的八项规定，教育部要研究制定开展“普九”成果“回头看”活动。这项活动要与深入推进义务教育均衡发展结合起来，与教育督导结合起来，与发挥社会各界的监督作用结合起来。通过“回头看”活动，摸清底数，发现问题，采取有效措施，切实巩固“普九”成果，推进义务教育水平有新的提高。第二，科学合理布局农村学校
近十年来，为适应农村人口流动和学生分布的变化，各地对农村学校进行了布局调整，改善了办学条件，提高了办学效益和质量。但一些地方也存在盲目撤并、过急过快的情况，部分学生上学路程变远，安全隐患增加，家庭经济负担加重。针对这
for primary school is 99.58 percent, the gross enrollment ratio for junior middle school is 102.1 percent, and the retention rate of nine-year compulsory education is 92 percent. In addition, the proportion of children dropping out of primary and ju -nior middle school has dropped below 1 percent and 3 percent respectively, the red line set by the government. However, the development gap between urban and ru-ral areas in compulsory education is still considerable, with impoverished regions, outlying regions, and ethnic minority regions lagging even further behind. Some areas are only just managing to provide and maintain the provision of compulsory education for all children, and still have a great deal to do in order to bolster and build on what has already been achieved. Therefore, we cannot let up in our efforts just because we have achieved universal access to compulsory education.
In accordance with the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China and the Law on Compulsory Education, all children of the prescribed age must attend compulsory education, which should be obligatory, free of charge, and universal. The government is legally obliged to provide compulsory education, while par-ents are legally obliged to ensure that their children attend compulsory education. Despite these provisions, however, the problem of children dropping out of school is still present in certain regions. In the past, most school dropouts were the result of families experiencing financial difficulties. However, the situation now is more complicated. A small number of parents, believing that school is pointless, force their children to leave school and find a job. In certain areas, some children drop out of school because the distance between school and home is too great. Some children drop out due to a lack of interest, while in some families, a lack of ad-equate supervision results in unattended children playing truant. These problems demand a high level of concern. China’s outline for the reform and development of education states that the retention rate of nine-year compulsory education should reach 93 percent by 2015 and 95 percent by 2020. This is a binding and non-negotiable target that must be met. First, the responsibility of the government should not be reduced. The responsibly for controlling the drop-out rate should be assumed by the government in the place of schooling, and ensuring attendance in school should be integrated into the performance appraisals of local governments and education authorities. Where a child drops out of school, the local government and related departments are obliged to arrange for that child’s return to school in the same area. Second, schools must be run practically and meticulously. Manage -ment in schools needs to be strengthened, teaching standards need to be improved, and schools should nurture students’ talents with a strong sense of responsibility. With regard to students who experience learning difficulties, or who play truant due to a lack of interest, schools should place an emphasis on stimulating their interest and building up their confidence in learning. Third, concerted efforts need to be made throughout society. Negligent parents should be urged to fulfill their responsibilities. Any and all cases involving the illegal employment of minors will be investigated and followed up resolutely. In addition, all sectors of society should be called upon to take various measures to reduce the number of vagrant children living on the streets, with a view to eradicating this phenomenon entirely.
In our efforts to bolster and improve the coverage of compulsory education in China, there are two groups that deserve special attention: children who move around with their parents, and children who stay behind in the countryside while their parents leave in search of work. Owing to their long-term separation from their parents, children whose parents leave the countryside in search of work often lack the care and affection that they need. In some cases, this may cause them to experience psychological, emotional, behavioral, and learning problems. Children who move around with their parents encounter difficulties getting into school and integrating into cities. Therefore, we need to show greater care for these children by engaging in a major effort to provide better access to education. Boarding schools should give priority to children whose parents do not live at home. Government-run schools in cities should offer more places to children that have moved into the city along with their parents. At the same time, we should put a social care and services mechanism in place to provide stronger mental and health guidance for these children. Through these efforts, we need to make our schools warm homes for children whose parents have left in search of work; we need to make our cities happy places to grow up for children who migrate with their parents; and we need to make our teachers the closest people that these children have, thereby ensuring that they are able to find interest in learning and live happily.
In line with the eight requirements of the CPC Central Committee with regard to improving styles of work and maintaining close ties with the people, the Min -istry of Education should make plans to look back on the achievements that have been made in our effort to provide nine-year compulsory education for all. These activities should be carried out alongside efforts to promote the balanced develop-ment of compulsory education, alongside efforts to inspect and oversee education, and alongside efforts to encourage the involvement of various social sectors in the supervision of education. By looking back on what we have achieved, we will be in a better position to ascertain the current situation, identify problems, and take
effective measures to solve those problems. In turn, this will allow us to effectively consolidate our achievements in the universalization of nine-year compulsory edu-cation and bring about new rises in the standard of compulsory education.
II. We need to plan the distribution of rural schools
in a scientific way
Over the past decade, local governments have made adjustments to the lay-out of schools in rural areas in accordance with changes that have occurred in the distribution of China’s rural population and rural students. These initiatives have helped to improve conditions in schools, and have raised efficiency and standards of quality in the running of schools. However, some local governments have gone too far too soon, acting blindly in the shutting down and merging of rural schools. As a result, some students must now travel further in order to get to school. In addition to increasing potential safety risks, this has also placed families under a heavier fi-nancial burden. In response to these issues, the General Office of the State Council issued a set of specific guidelines on adjusting the layout of rural schools in 2012. As a result, the blind merging and shutting down of schools in rural areas has been effectively curbed. Local governments are required to continue implementing these guidelines, thereby creating favorable conditions for rural children to get to school safely and conveniently.
First, we must strictly standardize administrative procedures for adjusting the layout of rural schools. Local governments should promptly formulate dedicated plans on the distribution of rural schools offering compulsory education. At the same time, the Ministry of Education should step up its oversight over govern-ments in this regard and ensure that local plans are registered as soon as possible. Prior to the registration of these plans, no more primary and junior middle schools in rural areas are permitted to be merged or shut down. Where schools do in fact need to be merged or closed, the relevant procedures must be strictly observed. In these cases, authorities must hear the opinions of all relevant parties, carry out thor-ough deliberations, report to higher bodies, and seek the approval of the provincial government. The forced merging or shutting down of schools must be stopped.
Second, we need to step up our efforts to promote boarding schools. Working in collaboration with the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Education should formulate a set of standards and measures concerning the development of boarding schools in rural areas as soon as possible. These boarding schools should be equipped with the necessary facilities, such as dormitories, canteens, toilets, and bathrooms, and staffed with a full contingent of administrative and service personnel. Working on this basis, the Ministry of Education must strive to address the shortage of boarding schools in rural areas as well as the inadequate facilities in these schools during the current term of government.
Third, we should ensure the sound running of the necessary village primary schools and rural learning centers. In line with the principle of ensuring schools have whatever they need, we must work to improve conditions in village primary schools and learning centers, implement the project to equip all learning centers with digital facilities, and give priority to village primary schools and learning cen-ters in the provision of top resources. At the same time, we should train more teach-ers who are able to teach multiple subjects in addition to their own subject of focus, so as to address the problem of village primary schools and learning centers not being able to provide the full range of subjects. Performance pay schemes should be tilted towards teachers that teach several subjects. Village schools and rural learning centers may also adopt other measures to improve their teaching contingents, such as sharing teachers with other schools and the recruiting of volunteers.
Fourth, we cannot allow for any letup in our efforts to promote safety and disaster prevention education in schools. Emergency drills and exercises should be carried out as a part of routine management in schools, with a view to enhancing the ability of students to avoid personal injury. For many students in rural areas, the road between school and home is a long one. For this reason, local governments are required to take comprehensive measures to develop public transportation in rural areas, and should adopt various approaches to the provision of school buses and services in accordance with local conditions. Education, public security, and transportation departments should collaborate in order to ensure safe passage for students traveling to and from school.
III. We should promote the standardization of schools in accordance with local conditions
Promoting the standardization of schools represents an important aspect of our efforts to balance the development of compulsory education. Placing our focus on the renovation of weak schools, we must devote major efforts to promoting stan-dardization in schools, and set ourselves the target of essentially turning all weak schools in rural areas around over the next five years or so. Through these efforts, we will gradually ensure that rural children are able to enjoy the same basic school-些问题，国务院办公厅2012年专门印发文件规范农村学校布局调整，盲目撤并现象得到有效遏制。各地要进一步把文件精神落实好，创造条件让农村学生安全便捷上学读书。
一是严格规范布局调整程序。各地要抓紧制定农村义务教育学校布局专项规划，教育部要加强对各地的指导，尽快完成规划备案工作。完成备案之前，暂停农村中小学校撤并。确需撤并的学校必须严格履行程序，听取各方面意见，充分论证，逐级上报至省级政府审批，坚决制止强行撤并。
二是加强寄宿制学校建设。教育部要会同发展改革委、财政部等部门，尽快研究制定加强农村寄宿制学校建设的标准和措施，配足宿舍、食堂、厕所、洗浴等必需设施，配齐管理服务人员，力争本届政府任内基本解决农村寄宿制学校数量不足、必需设施不完备问题。
三是办好必要的村小学和教学点。要按照“缺什么补什么”的原则，改善村小学和教学点办学条件，实施好“教学点数字资源全覆盖”项目，优先向村小学和教学点输送优质资源。要培养更多一专多能的教师，解决好村小学和教学点开课不齐不足的问题。对承担多门课程的教师，绩效工资要予以倾斜。还可以采取走教、志愿者支教等多种方式改善师资条件。
四是安全教育和防范工作时刻不能放松。在学校日常管理中，要做好突发事件和自然灾害的应急演练，提高学生防范人身伤害的能力。不少农村学生上下学路途远、时间长，政府要统筹发展农村公共交通，根据当地实际，多种形式逐步提供校车服务。教育、公安、交通等有关部门要积极配合，为有通勤需要的学生打造一条“绿色通道”。
第三，因地制宜推进学校标准化建设
学校标准化建设是推进义务教育均衡发展的重要内容。要继续以薄弱学校改造计划为抓手，大力推进标准化建设，力争用5年左右的时间基本消除农村地区义务教育薄弱学校，逐步让农村孩子也能和城里孩子一样享受基本教学环境和生活条件。
学校标准化建设主要包括三个方面。一是标准化的教学设施。对每所学校的校舍、师资、实验设施、教学仪器、图书资料、音体美器材等，要按国家基本标准进行配备。标准化建设是保基本，并不是要和城市最好的条件去比，更不能追求豪华。二是保障学生健康安全的生活条件。宿舍、食堂、盥洗、厕所等满足学习生活的基本需求，形成适宜学生健康成长、和谐安全的校园环境。三是科学有序的管理制度。树立以人为本的现代管理理念，在学生、教师、财物等方面形成完善的管理制度，提
升管理服务的科学化水平。教育部要会同相关部门研究制定学校标准化建设的指导意见。需要强调的是，各地情况千差万别，自然资源和经济社会发展水平不同，标准化建设一定要因地制宜，从实际出发，防止盲目攀比。
第四，提高农村义务教育质量
提高农村义务教育质量的根本在于遵循教育规律，全面实施素质教育。就是要做到育人为本、立德树人，增强学生的社会责任感；就是要鼓励实践、激发创新，改变重知识传授、轻能力培养的状况；就是要尊重个性、因材施教，不放弃每一个孩子，让学生健康活泼、全面发展。在农村学校推进素质教育，要结合实际，扬长避短，探索多样模式，走出一条符合农村孩子成长特点的质量提升、内涵发展的新路。
一是大力开展“中国梦”主题教育活动。“中国梦”主题教育活动已在教育系统率先开展，要结合不同年龄段孩子的特点，把“中国梦”教育引向深入，引导孩子们把个人梦融入国家梦、民族梦，树立国家好、民族好、大家才会好的思想。农村学校更应从自身特点出发，让孩子们从家乡的变化中、从党和政府对农村孩子的关怀中，培养爱家乡爱祖国的情怀，深入理解“中国道路”。要以生动活泼的方式，普及中华优秀传统文化，阐述改革开放的时代精神，加强社会主义核心价值观教育，让孩子们自觉传承“中国精神”。要激励孩子把理想抱负化为实际行动，励志图强、艰苦奋斗、成才报国，共同凝聚“中国力量”。让每个孩子共同享有人生出彩的机会，共同享有梦想成真的机会，共同享有同祖国和时代一起成长与进步的机会。
二是按照能力为重的要求深化课程和教学改革。义务教育阶段是人的品格、个性和创造力形成的最重要阶段。国家规定的课程要确保开足开好，不能降标准、打折扣。在此基础上，突出教学方法创新，增强教学的针对性实效性和吸引力感染力，提高课堂教学效果，保护好培养好学生的好奇心、求知欲、想象力。各地要根据当地自然和人文资源，建立一批有特色的社会实践基地，开发富有乡村特色的地方课程和学校课程，延伸学习的“第二课堂”。要积极创造条件，让农村孩子到博物馆、艺术馆、科技馆开拓视野，与城市孩子结对交流，在社会交往和适应能力上得到更多的锻炼。
三是加强农村学校的体育和艺术教育。要强化学生的体育、科学、艺术教育，提高科学素质，培养审美情趣和艺术修养。现在，青少年体质下滑的问题依然严峻，体育仍是学校教育的一块短板。实现“健康中国”必须从孩子抓起。要开展符合农
ing environment and living conditions as urban children.
Standardization in schools involves three aspects. The first is the standardiza -tion of school facilities. School buildings, teachers, experimental facilities, teaching tools, books, and equipment for PE, music and art classes should all be provided in line with basic government standards. Standardization is about ensuring minimum requirements; it is not about competing with the best equipped schools in cities, or pursuing luxuries. The second aspect of standardization relates to the health and safety of students in school. We must ensure that dormitories, canteens, bathrooms, and toilets are able to meet the basic demands of students, with a view to creating harmonious and safe school environments that are ideal for the healthy and safe growth of students. The third aspect of standardization in schools pertains to sound management. We need to establish a modern managerial approach that puts people first, develop sound measures for the management of students, teachers, and prop -erty, and work constantly to make management in schools more advanced. The Ministry of Education will be required to collaborate with other departments in forming guidelines on the standardization of schools. However, what needs to be emphasized is that conditions vary widely in different parts of the country, with dif-ferent areas boasting different natural resources and levels of economic and social development. Therefore, we must approach standardization on the basis of actual local conditions, and take care to avoid making straight comparisons.
IV . We should continue to improve the quality of rural compulsory education
The key to improving the quality of compulsory education in rural areas lies in showing respect for the essence of education and taking comprehensive steps to promote the development of all-round education. This comes down to three aspects: First, we must ensure that the cultivation of people and the cultivation of moral in-tegrity come first, so as to establish a strong sense of social responsibility in our stu -dents; second, we should encourage participation in practical activities and stimulate creativity among students, so as to address a situation in which too much emphasis is placed on the imparting of knowledge, and too little is placed on the cultivation of ability; and third, we should respect the unique personalities of each individual stu-dent, apply different techniques for different students, and ensure that students are able to grow in a healthy and well-rounded manner, being sure never to give up on a single child. In setting out to promote all-round education in rural areas, we need to take local realities into consideration, play to local strengths, and experiment with a diverse range of implementation models. By doing so, we will strive to develop a new approach to raising the quality and expanding the depth of rural education, one that is tailored specifically to the traits of children in rural areas.
First, we should launch activities themed around the “Chinese Dream.” Education has been the first field to see the launch of activities themed around the “Chinese Dream.” Taking into consideration the traits of children at different ages, we need to deepen education related to the “Chinese Dream,” guide children in incorporating their own dreams into the dreams of the country and people, and help them to establish the notion that only when the country and nation are well off can everybody be well off. Rural schools should take advantage of their own conditions, helping children to foster love for their hometown and their mother-land, as well as a deep understanding of the “Chinese Road,” by showing them the changes that have taken place in their hometown, and making them aware that the Party and government care for them. In addition, we should make China’s fine traditional culture known to all students in an active and vivid fashion, explain the contemporary spirit of reform and opening up, and step up our efforts to teach core socialist values, thereby allowing school children to consciously embrace and carry forward the “Chinese spirit.” We should encourage children to fulfill their ideals through their own actions, and inspire them to work hard and repay the country with their talents, so that they may come together to form “China strength.” We should ensure that every child has the opportunity to lead a fantastic life, to fulfill their dreams, and to grow and progress along with their motherland and the times.
Second, we need to continue with curriculum and teaching reforms, placing the focus on cultivating the abilities of students. Compulsory education is a vital stage in the formation of one’s character, personality, and creativity. Therefore, we must ensure that all subjects stipulated by the government are taught in full with no compromise in quality. On this basis, we should place an emphasis on the explora -tion of new teaching methods which are able to make teaching more targeted, more effective, and more appealing, which give full play to the role of classroom teach-ing, and which not only cultivate but also protect the curiosity, desire for knowl-edge, and imagination of students. Local governments should make full use of the natural and cultural resources in their localities to develop social activity centers for students and introduce courses that boast rural features, thereby taking learning beyond the classroom. In addition, we should provide rural students with more op-portunities to visit museums, art galleries, and science and technology museums, and allow them to mix with students from urban areas. This will not only broaden
their horizons, but will also allow them to develop their social skills and become more adept at adapting to unfamiliar surroundings.
Third, we need to enhance physical education and art teaching in rural schools. Efforts must be made to enhance physical education, science, and art teaching in rural schools, with a view to raising the scientific knowledge, aesthetic taste, and artistic attainment of rural students. Physical education is still insufficient in schools, with declining physical fitness among students still being a serious problem. There-fore, if we are to realize our goal of a “healthy China,” we must start by improving the physical fitness of children. By organizing sporting activities that match rural conditions, we need to give PE classes back to students, and encourage participation in physical activities. Education and health departments should step up their col-laboration by arranging routine physical examinations in rural primary and junior middle schools and keeping records to monitor the health and fitness of rural stu-dents. Art education is still generally lacking in rural schools. Therefore, by making full use of local culture, folk arts, and national cultural heritage, we should encour-age teachers to teach at multiple schools and take on extra classes in their free time, and develop simple but effective teaching models that are able to foster students’ interest and attainment in art. At the same time, we should train more art and PE teachers, mobilize people from various social sectors to engage in teaching, encour-age retired teachers, student volunteers, and folk artists to teach in rural schools, and adopt various means of increasing PE and art resources in rural schools.
V. We need to properly implement the plan to improve
the nutrition of rural students
The plan to improve the nutrition of rural students is a major public wel-fare policy that the central government has introduced in education. Since being launched more than a year ago, the plan has brought about notable results. So far, the central government has devoted 55 billion yuan to trial schemes covering al-most 100,000 schools in 699 poverty-stricken counties (including 19 county-level regiment-farms administered by the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps). The number of students that have benefited from the scheme stands at 23 million. In addition, 15 provincial governments have launched their own trial nutritional schemes in over 30,000 schools covering 481 counties, coming to the benefit of more than 8 million students. This means that nutritional schemes for rural students are now being implemented in over one third of China’s counties, with over one quarter of the country’s rural students enjoying subsidies for better nourishment. At no time in Chinese history has planned intervention to improve student nutrition been carried out on such a scale. The World Bank, the World Food Program, and Partnership for Child Development rated the plan highly after conducting a joint survey, agreeing unanimously that other countries can learn from China’s experi-ences.
It is a good thing that our plan to improve student nutrition has been launched in the country’s most poverty-stricken areas first. This is because the plan has been formulated well, setting a good standard, addressing the crux of the problem, and taking target at the weakest areas. However, there are also difficulties involved in introducing this plan in the country’s most poverty-stricken areas. This is because all 699 of the counties involved in the trials are located in central and western China, with 368 being ethnic minority counties, 431 being national-level poverty-stricken counties, and 54 being border counties. These are all counties that feature high levels of poverty over an extended area. Moreover, these areas have weak infrastructure, with many schools being located in areas that are difficult to access. This makes it difficult for schools to purchase food. In addition, many schools are poorly equipped to provide meals for students. Another difficulty is the issue of how we can keep this scheme going. This is not a one-off; it is a scheme that must be expanded in the future, committed to on a long-term basis, and improved constantly.
Children are vital to the future of the country and the nation. Only when our children are able to eat well will the minds of the government and society be at ease. The central government is committed to improving the nutrition of rural students. In doing so, it will begin by helping those most in need, and by address-ing the most pressing matters, no matter how difficult this may be. However, there have been some problems in the implementation of the plan in a small number of areas. These problems include perfunctory operation, a lack of modes for meal provision, insufficient supporting funds from local governments, backward man-agement, and food safety incidents. Though these are only isolated cases, they cannot be neglected. Therefore, local governments and the relevant departments must refine their management in order to ensure that the scheme is a success. First, we must ensure that student nutrition is improved. We should adopt new ways of thinking, make use of local ingredients, and choose meal provision modes in line with local conditions. At the same time, where conditions permit, and where there is an actual need to do so, school canteens may be built as an alternative to sourcing meals externally. The building of canteens should be tied into the standardization of schools, and canteens should be built according to practical standards. Second, 村特点的体育活动，把体育课真正还给学生，让学生动起来、跑起来。教育部门与卫生部门要加强协作，在农村中小学开展定期体检，建立学生健康与体能监测档案。艺术教育薄弱的问题在农村学校还比较普遍，要统筹区域内乡土文化、民间艺术、民族文化遗产等资源，鼓励教师走教和兼职，探索简便实用的艺术教育模式，培养学生艺术爱好和艺术素养。要加强体育、艺术类教师的培养培训，调动社会支教的积极性，动员退休教师、大学生志愿者、民族民间艺人等到农村学校支教，多种形式扩大农村体育、艺术教育资源。
第五，把营养改善计划这项民心工程办好实施营养改善计划，是中央教育惠民的一项重大决策，启动一年多来取得了明显成效。目前，国家试点已覆盖699个集中连片特困县（含新疆生产建设兵团19个团场）、近10万所学校，惠及2300万学生，中央财政已累计投入550亿元。同时，还有15个省份481个县开展了地方试点，覆盖3万多所学校，惠及800多万学生。统算起来，全国有超过三分之一的县实施了营养改善计划，超过四分之一的农村义务教育学生享受营养补助政策。如此大规模对学生营养进行科学干预，在我国历史上是空前的。世界银行、联合国世界粮食计划署和儿童发展伙伴组织联合考察后给予高度评价，一致认为中国经验值得其他国家学习与借鉴。
营养改善计划从最贫困地区起步，是一件好事。好就好在计划内容好、起点选择好，抓在了关键处，抓住了薄弱点。但这也是一件难事，难就难在试点集中在困难地区，699个县都在中西部，有368个民族县、431个国家级贫困县、54个边境县，贫困面大、贫困程度深。难就难在基础薄弱，不少学校交通闭塞，食品采购困难，供餐条件简陋。难还难在好事如何可持续，这不是一朝一夕的事，将来还要扩大覆盖面，必须持之以恒，越办越好。
孩子是国家和民族的未来，孩子吃好了，政府才能安心，社会才能放心。实施农村学生营养改善计划中央是下了决心的，要帮就先帮最困难的群体，要做就先做最紧迫的事情，再难也要办好。现在少数地方在实施中出现一些问题，如简单化操作、供餐模式单一、地方资金不配套、管理跟不上、食品安全事件时有发生等，这些问题虽是局部性的，但决不能掉以轻心。各地各部门要精细化管理，把好事办好。一要确保营养改善。创新思路，就地取材，因地制宜选择供餐模式，确有需要又有条件的地方可以逐步以食堂供餐替代校外供餐。食堂建设要与学校标准化建设结合起来，实用即可。二要保障食品安全。营养改善计划环节多、链条
we must ensure food safety. The plan to improve the nutrition of rural students is a long chain consisting of many links spanning from the farm to the dinner table. As such, monitoring this process can be very difficult. Therefore, all participants must be both prudent and strict in their implementation of the scheme, and take resolute action to prevent major cases of food poisoning. In cases where a problem does occur in a certain link in the chain, those responsible will be held accountable. Third, we must guarantee the security of funds. We must strictly prohibit the ap-propriation of funds, so as to ensure that funds earmarked for the nutrition of rural students are used for that purpose alone. Moreover, we should ensure that funding is only allowed to increase, not decrease. Local governments should tie their exist-ing subsidization policies in with the plan, and parents should still be required to cover a reasonable proportion of the cost, so as to prevent the crowding out effect. Fourth, we must remain committed to transparency. Transparency and openness are compulsory requirements for the implementation of the plan. Local govern-ments are required to include the plan in the range of government affairs that they make public. This will aid the public in staying informed about and supervising the plan as it is implemented, which in turn will help to prevent the occurrence of corruption. In addition, we should work faster to establish a nationwide student information management system, so as to ensure that no students are left out by the plan, and that no subsidies are claimed fraudulently.
The decision by the central government to launch this plan in regions where poverty exists over extended areas represents only an initial step. We hope that lo-cal governments proceed with and gradually expand the scope of trial schemes to improve the nutrition of students attending compulsory education in their localities. In such cases, the central government will provide incentives in the form of reward funds for rural areas and poverty-stricken areas. In consideration of local conditions, local governments should formulate schemes for the sharing of costs between the government, households, and other sectors of society. The Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Finance should collaborate with the relevant provincial and mu-nicipal governments to draw up specific schemes for efforts to improve the nutrition of rural students in compulsory education during the term of the current govern-ment. Nutrition improvement schemes should gradually be expanded to cover all students in compulsory education. Moreover, these schemes should be tailored to students in different areas. For instance, in cities, rational nutrition schemes should be designed to address the problem of over nutrition and obesity, thereby ensuring that students receive the nutrition they need while they are growing.
VI. We need to attract outstanding teachers to rural areas, keep them content in their jobs, and allow them to demonstrate their teaching skills
Teachers are the key to narrowing the urban-rural gap in education and im-proving the standard of education in rural areas. In recent years, the government has stepped up its efforts to encourage excellent teachers to take up long-term teaching positions in rural areas. However, there is still a considerable gap in the overall standard of teachers in urban and rural areas. Many rural schools still face the problem of keeping hold of excellent teachers. In response to these problems, the State Council issued the Guidelines on the Strengthening of the Teaching Workforce in the year 2012. At the same time, the Ministry of Education and four other departments have also promulgated documents pertaining to teachers in rural compulsory education. The key now is to ensure that these documents are properly implemented.
First, we should make teaching in rural schools more appealing. In working to keep teachers in their jobs, we should continue to emphasize teachers’ career devo-tion and their sense of belonging in addition to ensuring that they receive adequate benefits. On this basis, we should encourage more outstanding teachers to base themselves in rural areas. In terms of pay, we should tilt policy in favor of rural teachers, ensure that teacher salaries are not lower than the average salary of local public servants in the area in question, and continue to raise teacher salaries on a progressive basis. With regard to professional accreditation, we should develop spe-cial provisions for teachers who teach in rural primary schools and learning centers on a long terms basis, so as to give them a better chance of being awarded senior professional titles. In addition, we should adopt more solid measures with regard to housing funds, social insurance, and temporary housing in order to address the worries of rural teachers. The No.1 Decree issued by the CPC Central Committee in 2013 clearly demanded that special funds should be allocated to subsidize teachers in rural primary schools and learning centers located in regions where poverty exists over extended areas. Therefore, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Fi-nance are required to formulate an implementation plan as soon as possible in order to ensure that this scheme is launched by the autumn term of 2013.
Second, we need to develop a multiple-channel mechanism for the supple-mentation of rural teachers. We should continue to expand the scope of our schemes to bolster the rural teaching workforce, such as the free tuition scheme for 长，从农田到餐桌，监管难度大，各方面一定要慎之又慎，层层把关，坚决防止重大食物中毒事件的发生。哪个环节出了问题，都要追究责任。三要强化资金安全。资金要严格落实专款专用，严禁挪作他用。要做“加法”不能做“减法”，原先地方政府实施的政策性补助要衔接好，应由家长合理负担的部分不能撤出，避免挤出效应。四要坚持阳光操作。透明公开是计划实施的硬要求，要纳入当地政务公开范畴，便于群众知晓和社会监督，促进营养改善计划廉洁运行。要加快建立实名制学生信息管理系统，全国联网，保证每一个该享受补助的学生不被遗漏，每一笔补助资金不被冒领。
中央在集中连片贫困地区实施这个计划只是起步。希望各地就义务教育学生的营养改善开展试点，逐步扩大范围，中央财政通过对农村、贫困地区安排奖补资金予以鼓励。要从各地实际出发，研究制定成本在政府、家庭、社会之间怎么分摊。教育部、财政部要会同有关省市，提出本届政府任内农村义务教育学生营养改善的具体工作方案。营养干预应逐步做到对义务教育阶段学生的全覆盖，针对学生的不同情况进行科学干预。如城市要针对营养过剩、小胖子多等问题，科学设计营养干预办法，使营养摄入与身体成长相协调。
第六，让农村优秀教师进得来、留得住、教得好缩小城乡教育差距、提高农村教育水平，关键在教师。近几年，国家加大力度，吸引优秀人才到农村长期从教。但城乡教师队伍整体素质差距依然较大，优秀教师“稳”和“留”的问题一直困扰着农村学校。2012年国务院印发了《关于加强教师队伍建设的意见》，教育部等五部委也专门针对农村义务教育教师出台了文件，关键在于落到实处。
一要提高农村教师职业吸引力。坚持以事业留人、感情留人、适当的待遇留人，让更多的优秀教师扎根在农村。在工资待遇上，对农村教师要给予必要倾斜，把“不低于公务员平均工资水平”的要求落实到位，并逐步提高。在职务职称上，对长期在村小学和教学点任教的教师，给予特殊的制度安排，使他们有更多机会晋升高级职称。在住房公积金、社会保险和周转房上，要再做几件实事，为农村教师解决后顾之忧。2013年中央一号文件明确要求设立专项资金，对连片特困地区乡村学校和教学点的教师给予生活补助，教育部、财政部要抓紧拿出落实方案，争取从2013年秋季学期开始实施。
二要健全多渠道的师资补充机制。国家的免费师范生计划、国培计划、特岗计划要继续扩大规模，并支持鼓励地方实施相应项目，中央财政予以奖补。特岗计划服务期满后愿意留下的教师，要保
证入编入岗。城乡教师校长轮岗交流要形成制度、
扩大范围，城市名校要与薄弱学校结对子，鼓励建立学校联盟，探索集团化办学，提倡对口帮扶，实施学区化管理。
三要加大教师培训力度。农村教师知识结构和教学能力不足，教学方法相对落后，科学、综合实践、信息技术、音体美等学科教师紧缺，是制约教育质量提高的瓶颈。教师培训要注重实效性和针对性，加强紧缺薄弱学科教师和民族地区双语教师培训，提高实施新课程的教学技能。2015年之前，所有农村教师要轮训一遍，让他们有机会开阔视野、更新教育理念。
对一些地方存在的代课教师问题，2011年教育部等四部委下发了相关文件，但各地落实进度还不平衡，少数地方问题比较突出，群体性上访事件时有发生。教育部等相关部门要加强指导，各地要按照文件要求，把这件事妥善处理好。
办好农村义务教育，要加强党对教育工作的领导，真正把教育放在优先发展的战略位置，牢固树立“再穷不能穷教育，再苦不能苦孩子”、“抓教育就是抓发展，投入教育就是投资未来”的思想。办好农村义务教育，是各级政府一项极为重要的职责，也是建设服务型政府需要加强的内容。要按照中央转变职能、转变作风的要求，健全政府统筹、齐抓共管的机制，教育、财政、发展改革、编制、人力资源社会保障等部门要履职尽责、密切配合，及时研究解决农村义务教育改革发展的重大问题和群众关心的热点问题。教育信息化和教育督导是加强农村义务教育的两大支撑保障。信息化对促进教育公平和提升教育质量具有重要意义，教育部要与工业和信息化部、电信企业加强合作，结合“三网融合”的进程，加快农村学校信息化步伐，建成网络条件下的基本教学环境和教育管理平台，实现“校校通、班班通”，使边远地区师生能够零距离使用优质教育资源，同时也使边远地区的教师通过观摩优质课程资料，提高自身的教学水平。2012年，国务院颁布了《教育督导条例》，成立了国务院教育督导委员会。各地要落实《教育督导条例》，健全督导机构，加强督学队伍建设。要将农村义务教育作为教育督导工作的优先和重点领域，及时督导重大问题，加强动态监测，建立问责机制，并纳入政府绩效考评体系，促进农村义务教育发展再上新台阶。
办好农村义务教育，影响深远，责任重如泰山。我们要在以习近平同志为总书记的党中央坚强领导下，积极进取，扎实工作，为实现亿万农村孩子的人生梦想、实现中华民族伟大复兴的“中国
梦”作出新的贡献！
n 文章原载：《求是》2013年第12期
teacher-training students who assume rural teaching positions, the national plan to train primary and middle school teachers, and the scheme to place university grad-uates in special teaching positions in rural schools in western regions. In addition, we should also encourage local governments to launch corresponding schemes, with awards and subsidies from the central government budget. College students wishing to stay on as teachers in rural schools in western regions should be guar-anteed an official teaching position. At the same time, we should also develop provisions for teacher and headmaster exchanges between urban and rural schools, and progressively expand the scale of these exchange activities. Renowned schools in urban areas should pair with weak schools. We should encourage the establish-ment of school alliances, explore the possibilities of running schools using a group model, and call for the provision of dedicated support. In addition, we should take measures to administer education resources on the basis of school districts.
Third, we should step up our efforts to train teachers. Bottlenecks hindering us in our attempts to raise the quality of rural education include the insufficient knowl -edge structures and teaching skills of rural teachers, backward teaching methods, as well as a lack of teachers in science, integrated activities, IT, music, PE, and art. Therefore, our initiatives in the training of teachers should be geared more towards responding to this situation and producing practical results. Specifically, we need to step up the training of teachers that are in short supply as well as bilingual teachers in ethnic minority areas, and enhance the ability of our teachers to implement the new curriculum. Moreover, we must ensure that all rural teachers undergo a round of teacher training by the year 2015, which will give them the opportunity to widen their vision and learn about new concepts in education.
In setting out to make rural compulsory education a success, we must strengthen the leadership of the Party in our education initiatives, and ensure that education is genuinely treated as a developmental priority of strategic significance. We need to establish the notion that no matter how poor we are, we can never neglect education; and that no matter how tough things are, we can never allow children to suffer. At the same time, we need to realize that addressing education is the same as addressing development, and that spending in education is the same as investing in the future. Delivering a sound performance in the provision of com-pulsory education in rural areas is an extremely important duty of governments at all levels. This is also an area that needs to be strengthened in our efforts to make the government more service-oriented. In line with the requirements set forth by the central government on the transformation of government functions and work styles, we need to improve a mechanism whereby the government plays an overall coordinating role while the various departments engage in joint administration. Departments in charge of education, finance, development and reform, staffing, and human resources and social security should fulfill their respective duties, coop -erate with each other, and promptly solve major issues and major concerns of the public pertaining to the reform and development of rural compulsory education. The application of IT and the carrying out of inspections and oversight represent two major supporting foundations for the development of compulsory education in rural areas. The application of IT has an important role to play in promoting fairness and raising the quality of education. Therefore, the Ministry of Education should strengthen its cooperation with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology as well as telecommunications enterprises. Taking advantage of the integration of telecommunication networks, cable television networks, and the Internet, it should accelerate the application of IT in rural schools, and establish a basic, Internet-enabled teaching environment and a platform for education man-agement. In this way, schools and classes will be able to communicate with one another over the Internet. Moreover, teachers and students in remote border areas will be able to access quality education resources, and teachers in these areas will also be able to hone their teaching skills by observing excellent teaching materials online. In 2012, the State Council issued the Regulations on Inspections and Over-sight in Education, and set up a commission on education inspection and oversight. Local governments are required to fully implement the Regulations on Inspections and Oversight in Education, bolster inspection organizations, and assemble strong teams of inspectors. They should identify compulsory education in rural areas as the priority area for inspection, promptly oversee the handling of major issues, strengthen dynamic monitoring, establish accountability systems, and incorporate the inspection and oversight of education into government performance appraisals. By taking these initiatives, we will be able to promote new advances in the devel-opment of rural compulsory education.
The sound provision of compulsory education in rural areas is an endeavor of great significance and a task of huge responsibility. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee, with Xi Jinping as the General Secretary, we must forge ahead proactively, work in a pragmatic fashion, and continue to make new contributions so that the dreams of hundreds of millions of rural children may be fulfilled, and the “Chinese dream” of national rejuvenation may be realized. n
(Source: Qiushi )
100个最常用的公示语-2015-10-19 中国日报网双语新闻
100个常见公共场所的英语标示 第一类：No + ( )-ing /n. 1.禁止吸烟No Smoking 2.请勿乱扔杂物No Littering 3.请勿随地吐痰No Spitting 4.请勿摄像No Filming 5.严禁明火No Open Flame 6.禁止拍照No Photo 7.谢绝参观No Admittance 8.请勿入内No Admittance 9.儿童禁入No Admittance for Children/ Adults Only 10.禁止打手机No Cellphone 11.游人止步No Visitors 12.禁止入内No Entry 13.禁止堆放易燃物品No Flammable Materials 第二类：n./ Noun Phrases + Prohibited 14.严禁携带危险物品Dangerous Articles Prohibited 15.禁止黄、赌、毒Pornography, Gambling and Drugs Prohibited 第三类：Caution /Danger + n./ adj. 16.小心地滑Caution Slippery/ Caution Wet Floor 17.小心烫伤Caution Hot 18.小心玻璃Caution Glass 19.小心辐射Caution Radiation 20.高压危险Danger High Voltage 第四类：adj./ n. + Area 21.公众区Public Area 22.贵宾区VIP Area 23.等候区Waiting Area 24.吸烟区Smoking Area 25.办公区Administrative Area 第五类：n. + Only 26.非公莫入Staff Only 27.贵宾通道VIP Only 28.残疾人专用Disabled Only 第六类：(Please) + Imperative Sentence 29.节约用水Please Save Water 30.节约用纸Please Save Paper 31.请勿坐靠Please Stand Clear 32.排除等候Please Line Up 33.贵重物品，随身保管Please Don’t Leave Your Valuables Unattended 34.通讯工具调至静音Please Mute Cellphones 35.爱护公共设施Please Protect Public Facilities 36.请勿践踏草坪Please Keep Off the Grass 37.保持肃静Quiet Please 38.小心台阶Mind the Step 39.谨防扒窃Beware of Pickpockets 40.随手关门Keep Door Closed 41.请勿触摸Don’t Touch 42.小心碰头Watch Your Head 43.敲击报警Push for Alarm 44.熄灭烟头Put Out Your Cigarettes 45.紧急情况，敲碎玻璃Break Glass in Emergency 第七类；n./v./adj. 46.入口Entrance 47.来宾登记Registration 48.收款台Cashier 49.洗手间Toilet 50.终点站Terminus 51.咖啡馆、小餐馆Café 52.留言栏Suggestions 53.旅游纪念品Souvenirs 54.桑拿Sauna 55.医务室Clinic 56.自动扶梯Escalator 57.推Push 58.拉Pull
英语电子信息资源网站列表
英文信息资源网站列表 国内英文新闻网站 1. 双语新闻（声音、文字文件）：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,/1697/index_1.html 2. 新浪英文版：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,/index.html 3. 英语听力特快：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,/ 4. 英语新闻在线：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,/index.php 5. VOA 慢速英语: https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html, 6. 新华社新闻英文版: https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,/english 7. 中国日报英文版：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html, 8. 中国国际广播电台英语学习网站https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,/08english/ 9. 中国日报英语点津网https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,/language_tips/index.html 国外知名英文报刊网站 1. Newsweek 《新闻周刊》https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,/ 2. New Scientist 《新科学家》https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,/ 3. Time 《时代周刊》https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,/ 4. Washington Post《华盛顿邮报》https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,/ 5. the New York Times (纽约时报)(https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,) 6. 21st Century Online(21世纪英语报）(https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,) 7. Economist(经济学家）(https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,) 8. Chicago Tribune news（芝加哥论坛报）(https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,) 9. Detroit News（底特律新闻） (https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,) 10.《美国新闻》(https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,) 11. USA Today(今日美国) (https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,) 12. Wall Street Journal(华尔街报) (https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,) 13. Guardian（英国卫报） (https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,) 14. Berliner Morgenpost International摩根邮报http://www.berliner-morgenpost.de 15. The Independent (独立报) https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html, 16. Financial Times (金融时报) https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html, 17. The Mirror (镜报) https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html, 18. The Times (泰晤士报) https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html, 19. Birmingham Post-Herald（伯明翰邮报）https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html, 20. Irish Post (爱尔兰邮报) (https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,) 21. La Tribune Interactive(经济金融日报) ( https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,tribune.fr) 22. The Herald (先驱报) (https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,) 23. International Herald Tribune(国际先驱论坛日报) https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html, 24. Reader's Digest（读者文摘) (https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,) 25. Business Week（商业周刊） (https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,) 26. History Today（历史杂志） ( https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,) 27. Esquire （绅士杂志） (https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,) 28. The American Spectator（美国观察者） (https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,) 29. Fashion UK（英国时尚杂志） (https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,/fashionuk) 30. Marketing Week（行销周刊） (https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html,)
RFI - 中国媒体因奥运新闻禁令未能揭露三鹿事件
RFI - 中国媒体因奥运新闻禁令未能揭露三鹿事件 发表日期21/09/2008 更新日期21/09/2008 14:59 TU 深圳质检局工作人员九月十九日把检查所得的毒奶粉倒在地上 路透社三鹿牌毒奶粉事件公开爆发后，海内外就有相当多的舆论怀疑当局不至于迟至九月份才发现了毒奶粉。为什么当局对这一事件拖而不报、迟迟不报呢？原来的确是因为北京开奥运会，毒奶粉事件才未能及时揭露。本台特约记者曹国星就此发来了报道：七月底，中国媒体就得到了三鹿牛奶可能导致婴儿肾结石的线索，遗憾的是，因为奥运期间，中国官方中宣部发布了禁止报道任何食品安全有关的负面新闻的禁令。这项调查被迫中止。 这是近日，中国最受欢迎的新闻周报《南方周末》编辑在一篇发表在网站上的编辑手记中透露的。由于新闻封锁，中国失去了提前两个月揭露真相，减少损失的可能。 早在七月底的时候，南方周末的记者禾风就接到了消息，三鹿的毒奶粉所致的结石婴儿大量出现，在湖北武汉同济医院住院的有二十余名。当这位记者向湖北湖南江西一些医院了解情况时，医生们已高度怀疑三鹿有问题，他们提醒每一个
来就医院就症的孩子家属不要用三鹿。 但由于新闻禁令，这篇报道在奥运会结束前无法刊出，南方周末的这位编辑说，"我万分心焦，我已经意识到这是一个巨大的公共卫事灾难，有很深的罪恶感与挫败感。他说，他只得尽已所能，对周围所能知道的有婴幼孩子的朋友与熟人打招呼，叫他们别给孩子用三鹿奶粉。 这项调查在奥运结束后才重新开始，《南方周末》记者禾风先后跑了湖北、湖南、广东数地，接触了数十名家长，给全国的多个省份多家医院打电话，最后终于基本确证，三鹿奶粉与婴儿结石之间的因果关系。 在这个过程中，有多个追问不休的家长，他们要为孩子的受害讨一个说法，有多个正义感的医生，为记者提供一手的证据。 但在9月13日，由于不明原因，这个稿还是被撤了下来。当夜，由于之前东方早报和甘肃媒体的报道，三鹿公司终于承认了问题奶粉，并公开召回。第二天，南方周末编辑部把这篇《结石婴儿的艰难追凶路》此稿放到了南方周末网与南方都市报上。
中英双语新闻：各种效应的英文怎么说
中英双语新闻：各种效应的英文怎么说 效应”的原义是“物理的或化学的作用所产生的效果”，也可泛指“某个人物的言行或某种事物的发生和发展在社会上所引起的反应或效果”。英语的对应词是effect。自然界和人间社会存有各式各样的效应。其中“温室效应” (green-house effect)是我们最常见的一种大气保温效应，与地球变暖(global warming)相关。例如： 1. The term “greenhouse effect” has two commonmeanings. There is a natural greenhouse effect that keeps the Earth’s climate warm and habitable.There is also a man-made greenhouse effect, which is the enhancement of Earth’s naturalgreenhouse effect by the addition of greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels (mainlypetroleum, coal, and natural gas). “温室效应”这个词有两个基本意思：一个是使地球气候保持温暖和适宜居住的自然温室效应;另一个是人为温室效应，即因为燃烧化石燃料(主要是石油、煤和天然气)造成温室气体增多而导致的地球自然温室效应增强。 2. Earth’s natural greenhouse effect is critical to supporting life. But human activities, primarilythe burning of fossil fuels and clearing of forests, have intensified the natural greenhouse effect,causing global warming. 地球的自然温室效应对维持生命是至关紧要的，但是人类活动，主要是燃烧化石燃料和砍伐森林，已加剧了这种自然温室效应，引起世界变暖。 与我们生存环境密切相关的另一种自然效应是“城市热岛效 应”(urban heat island effect)。例如：
中国日报网英语点津
据十一届全国人大三次会议大会发言人李肇星介绍，会议期间将重点审议全国人大常委会关于提请审议《选举法修正案(草案)》的议案，并指出选举法修正案草案规定的城乡按相同人口比例选举人大代表，将更好地实现人人平等、地区平等、民族平等的原则。 请看《中国日报》的报道： The draft amendment to the Electoral Law has proposed equal electoral rights for urban and rural citizens, which, if passed, will "expand people's democracy and safeguard their rights to be the masters of their own destiny", Li Zhaoxing, spokesman for the third session of the 11th NPC, told reporters at a press conference on Thursday. 十一届全国人大三次会议发言人李肇星上周四在记者发布会上表示，《选举法修正案(草案)》提出城乡居民应享有相同的选举权。该修正案通过后将“扩大人民民主，保障人民当家作主的权利”。 文中的amendment to the Electoral Law就是指“选举法修正案”，而draft amendment就是指“修正案草案”。此次《选举法》修改，一个重点就是城乡拟按相同人口比例选举人大代表，并且享有相同的electoral rights(选举权)。城乡居民选举将有望实现equal representation(同票同权)。 Amendment在这里指“修正案”，例如First Amendment就常用来指“美国宪法第一修正案”，而draft在这里则表示“草案”。此外，draft还常用来指“征兵，选拔”，例如：John was drafted into the Army last year. (约翰去年被应征入伍。) 全国人大新闻发言人李肇星本周四在新闻发布会上称，2010年我国国防预算将比上年预算执行数增长7.5%。与前几年相比，国防费用增幅有所下降。 请看新华社的报道： China plans to increase its defense budget by 7.5 percent in 2010, only about half of last year's planned growth of 14.9 percent, a parliament spokesman said here on Thursday. 全国人大发言人(李肇星)本周四称，中国2010年国防预算的增幅计划为7.5%，增幅仅为去年计划增幅14.9%的一半。 文中的defense budget就是指“国防预算”，而在实际花费之后则会形成defense expenditure/spending(国防开支)。该预算在fiscal expenditure(财政支出)中所占的比例与去年持平。我国一直奉行defensive national defense policy(防御性国防政策)，逐步提高military transparency(军事透明度)，每两年发布一次white papers on national defense(国防白皮书)。 每年各国政府都会制定fiscal year(财政年度)中的各项预算。家庭内部还可以制定family budget(家庭预算)。现在年轻人的消费观念已经发生了转变，采用budget plan/divided payments(分期付款)的方式买车也越来越流行了，但这并不代表一定会铺张浪费，很多人还是会选择购买一辆budget car(便宜的车)。 3月3日在向政协大会做工作报告时，中共中央政治局常委、全国政协主席贾庆林表示，将高度重视收入差距过大引发的影响社会稳定的因素，努力促进社会公平正义。
China Daily 双语新闻
这些年过的春节年味儿越飘越淡 The Spring Festival travel rush, witnessed by tens of thousands people going home, gets more and more frightening every year. Firecrackers are more extravagant. The Spring Festival eve dinner gets even more delicious. However, most Chinese people feel that the atmosphere of Spring Festival, or Nianwei, is fading. How come? Why we feel less excited than before when we mention the Spring Festival? 虽然春运潮一年比一年猛，鞭炮和礼花一年比一年热烈，年夜饭一年比一年丰盛，很多国人却感到年味儿越来越淡了。年味儿为什么会变淡？我们提到过年时为什么不再有儿时的期盼和兴奋？ 年味儿是什么味？ What is Nianwei? What kind of atmosphere is it? It is the excitement and expectation on the way home; it is the smile on parents’ faces when we arrive; It is the happiness of the whole family sitting together chatting; it is our toast to our elders at dinner; It is the smell of fireworks going off outside; it is the jiaozi (dumpling) for the Spring Festival eve dinner that mom has been busy preparing; It is the enjoyment of going to the temple fair and watching the dragon dance, a scene that drags us back to childhood; it is the friendly ambiance in which everyone says “Happy New Year” no matter whether they know each other or not; It is the red lanterns hanging everywhere… Nianwei, the Spring Festival atmosphere, is happiness, peace and reunions… 什么是年味？ 年味是回家途中的激动与期盼，是踏入家门时爸妈的笑脸； 是全家团圆的喜乐气氛，是晚辈孝敬长辈围坐在桌前敬的那一杯酒； 是屋外烟花闪耀飘进鼻内的一股幽香，是妈妈忙前忙后做的一顿年夜饭中的饺子；是逛庙会看着舞龙仿佛又回到童年的一种享受，是甭管认识不认识，见面都说过年好的那种友好感觉； 是满大街挂满了红灯笼充满了祝福话语的那种气氛。。。。。。 “年味”是喜庆、是平安、是团圆。。。。。。 过年习俗 Cleaning: In Chinese, the pronunciation of “尘”（dust）and “陈”（stale things）are the same, so cleaning the dust before the Spring Festival eve means kicking poverty and bad luck out of the house. The tradition embodies people’s hope to bid farewell to the old and usher in the new. 扫尘：按民间的说法，因“尘”与“陈”谐音，新春扫尘有“除尘布新”的涵义，其用意是要把一切穷运、晦气统统扫出门。这一习俗寄托着人们破旧立新的愿望
英语新闻一则
Israel launches strikes near Damascus city Updated: 2013-05-06 09:08 ( China Daily/Agencies) 最新消息：2013-05-06中国日报 Israeli strikes hit a military target outside Damascus on Sunday, the Jewish state's second reported raid on Syria in three days, with residents saying the attack felt like an earthquake and turned the sky red. 周日，以色列以大马士革为军事目标发动了攻击，这是这个犹太国家近三天内第二次对叙利亚发动突袭，，据当地居民所说，本次袭击就像一场地震一般，把天空都染红了。 A senior Israeli source said the aerial assault took out Iranian weapons destined for the Lebanese militant group Hezbollah, which is allied to the Syrian government. 据一位以色列高层声称，本次空袭是为了打击由伊朗运来并计划输送给黎巴嫩真主党的武器，这也与叙利亚政府有关。 And a diplomatic source in Beirut told AFP three sites were targeted, including a military facility, a nearby weapons depot and an anti-aircraft unit in Sabura, west of Syria's capital. 一位来自贝鲁特的外交人士告诉法新社记者三个目标地点，包括一处军事研究中心和附近一个弹药库还有一组位于叙利亚首都西部的防空部队。 The official SANA News Agency said Israel had targeted the military research center at Jamraya in the Eastern Ghouta region, without giving details on casualties or damage. 叙利亚国家电视台证实，以色列确实把位于Ghouta东部的杰姆拉亚地区的军事研究中心作为目标，目前并没有人员伤亡和财产损失的详细资料。 "This new Israeli aggression is a clear attempt to alleviate the pressure on the armed terrorist groups after our army beat them back in several regions and after the army's victories on the road to recovering security and stability in Syria," SANA said.
中华人民共和国成立70年热词回顾(中英文翻译版-双语版)
中华人民共和国成立70年热词回顾（中英文版） 1.新中国People’s Republic of China 2.抗美援朝War to resist US aggression and aid Korea 3.好好学习，天天向上study hard and make progress every day 4.简体字simplified Chinese 5.五年计划five-year plan 6.全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress 7.粮票food coupon 8.公私合营public-private partnership 9.广交会Canton Fair 10.人民公社the people’s commune 11.妇女能顶半边天women hold up half the sky 12.归国华侨returned overseas Chinese 13.铁人王进喜Iron Man Wang Jinxi 14.铁饭碗iron rice bowl 15.学习雷锋learn from Lei Feng 16.东方红The East is Red 17.六五式军服65-style military uniforms 18.红宝书quotations from Chairman Mao 19.氢弹hydrogen bomb 20.知青educated youth 21.红旗渠The Red Flag Canal
22.两弹一星two bombs and one satellite 23.乒乓外交Ping-pong Diplomacy 24.一个中国原则one China policy 25.结婚三大件three popular must have items 26.兵马俑Terra-Cotta Warriors 27.珠穆朗玛峰（8848）height of Mount Qomolangma（8848 m） 28.粉碎四人帮Smash the gang of four 29.大包干all round contract system 30.改革开放the reform and opening-up policy 31.经济特区special economic zone 32.下海venture into business 33.中国日报CHINA DAILY 34.中国特色社会主义Socialism with Chinese Characteristics 35.春节联欢晚会Spring Festival Gala 36.身份证ID card 37.炒股investment in the stock market 38.女排精神The Spirit of the Chinese Women’s Volleyball Team 39.三北防护林Three-North Shelter Forestation Project 40.科学技术是第一生产力Science and technology constitute primary productive force 41.希望工程Project Hope 42.亚运会the 11th Asian Games
中国日报双语版2015-08-08
【Highlights】 >Wei Jianxing dies at 85 中纪委原书记尉健行病逝 >BJ has most wealthy singles 高薪单身贵族北京最多 >Ivy League hot for Chinese 美大学受中国游客青睐 >Late PM in child-sex scandal 英前首相被指性侵儿童 >UK math paper too hard 苏格兰数学题难哭考生 >Vanity Fair's best-dressed 名利场'2015最佳着装出炉、泰勒·斯威夫特上榜列第2 >Cake made of gorilla feces 猩猩粪便蛋糕:非洲风味 >New 'bubble nails' craze 泡泡美甲成最新潮流(图) 【Top News】 >Wei Jianxing dies at 85 中纪委原书记尉健行病逝 Wei Jianxing, former head of the Central Commission forDiscipline Inspection of the Communist Party of China (CPC), diedof illness in Beijing at 8:00 am on Friday, according to astatement from the CPC Central Committee. Wei, 85, was praised inthe statement as an excellent Party member, a time-tested and loyalcommunist soldier, a proletarian revolutionist, statesman and anoutstanding leader of the Party and the State. 中共中央发消息称，中国共产党的优秀党员，久经考验的忠诚的共产主义战士，无产阶级革命家、政治家，党和国家的卓越领导人，中央纪律检查委员会原书记尉健行同志，因病医治无效，于7日上午8时在北京逝世。享年85岁。 >BJ has most wealthy singles 高薪单身贵族北京最多 Beijing has most wealthy single people earning more thanRMB50,000 a month, followed by Shenzhen, Shanghai and Guangzhou,according to a survey by one of China's leading matchmakingwebsites https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9711817447.html, with 80m users. Most wealthy single men work inthe manufacturing, Internet and financial industries while wealthysingle women work in finance and education, the survey revealed.More than half said they were "waiting for true love", while 22.9%said that they were too busy to date. 中国领先相亲网站之一珍爱网对8000万会员进行的调查显示，月收入在5万以上的单身贵族中，北京所占的人数最多，其次是深圳、上海和广州。调查显示，男性单身贵族多从事制
新闻学习——路透社新闻手册之常见文体形式
新闻学习——路透社新闻手册之常见文体形式
路透社新闻手册之常见文体形式 即时观点（Instant View） 即时观点有两种。他们是被设计用来为客户迅速提供来自分析家和主要决策者，对于重大政治事件或者金融现场的突发重大新闻，或者对于一个公众预期事件（比如经济数据的发布）观点的文章组织形式。 第一种即时观点是以直接引语的形式，汇编来自不少于3位分析家的各种类型的观点。即时观点应当像一般的报道一样随时升级。其以电头开始，简要描述所要分析的事件或是数据。对每位评论人都要注明其姓名、职务和所在组织。 对于经济或者金融新闻的第一条即时观点应当在事件发生的15分钟内到达客户的电脑屏幕，其余的应当在30分钟内完成。 第二种即时观点是在数据发布或者新闻事件之后，为客户提供的一个“一站式”信息、观点的集合。 做好即时观点的关键是速度，这要求我们紧盯重要事件，以最快的速度成文。在新闻事件发生之后，我们有最多15～20分钟的“时间窗”，在此期间，市场将会持续关注此事件。 第二种“即时观点”应当像这样： 即时观点1—鲁里坦尼亚工业产品增长路透社，2004年10月1日—鲁里坦尼亚工业产量在8月份环比增加了1.4%，高于预期，从而加强了分析家们对于利率可能提升的预期。 ●要点： ☆鲁里坦尼亚负责数据发布的数据官说，强劲的汽车生产加强了8月份的汽车出口。 ☆分析家认为该数据增强了11月份央行会议中提升利率的可能。 ●评论： 约翰．Q．庞蒂特，分析家，繁荣银行，鲁里坦尼亚：“我们认为这一数据
明确意味着央行将会在下一次会议中，采取紧缩政策。” 乔．H．马尼，交易员，国际银行，鲁里坦尼亚：“这明显表明经济在各个层面过热了。鲁里坦尼亚的利率很快将会再次提升。汽车工业的数据表明消费者需求没有减少的迹象，央行将会很快采取措施。“ ●市场反应： 数据公布之后，美元对鲁元汇率从8.95下降到了8.7。鲁元升值来源于市场的加息预期。 ●背景： ☆鲁里坦尼亚经济在过去几年中，以每年6%～8%的速度增长。分析家认为央行想要达到通货膨胀的目标是不能获得支持的。 ☆过去2个月绝大多数的经济数据都支持对于零售业增长的预期。 要闻综合（Highlights） 要闻综合是一种在迅速发展的新闻事件中（比如公布预算、货币政策新闻发布会，或是国际事件比如国际货币组织会议、七国集团会议等），向客户传递关键发言和事实的有效形式。这种形式能给客户迅速带来新闻，而不需要强迫他们浏览很多琐碎消息。 这种形式不能与“世界新闻集萃”混淆，“世界新闻集萃”是每天多次对世界范围内重要的政治和综合新闻进行摘录，有时该工作由编辑进行，有时是由计算机系统自动编辑的。 “要闻综合”也可以用于当人们在各种场合发言的时候，比如财政部长在高级别会议上的讲话。我们的客户可以直接通过查询关键词发现有价值的信息。“要闻综合”不必成为新闻报道的替代。如果想使用“要闻综合”的形式，记者应当事先向相关的编辑咨询。 例如： 电头，2月××（路透社）-商业必须学会承受强劲的潮流，并且不能指望来自政策制定者的安慰，欧洲央行总裁吉恩．克劳德周四这样告诉议会。下面是他每两年在欧洲议会之前的陈述…… 要在现场新闻发布会上使用“要闻综合”，要求快而高效，但是比较消耗人力：需要一个人负责记录文字，第二个人负责核对检查；根据实际情况，你也许要至少三个人来提供发言引用；在后方需要一位辅助编辑来进行汇总、归
政府工作报告中16个热词的英文翻译(两会热词打卡)
政府工作报告中16个热词的英文翻译（两会热词打卡） 政府工作报告 Government W ork Report 第十三届全国人民代表大会第二次会议（the second session of the 13th National People's Congress）5日上午在人民大会堂开幕。 根据会议议程，李克强代表国务院向大会作政府工作报告。 双语君（微信ID：Chinadaily_Mobile）第一时间为大家整理了政府工作报告双语精华版。 下面，双语君为大家再上一波干货，供大家学习记忆↓↓↓ 1全面建成小康社会 building a moderately prosperous society in all respects
对标全面建成小康社会任务，扎实推进脱贫攻坚和乡村振兴。 We will make solid progress in poverty alleviation and rural revitalization and move closer to completing the tasks of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. 2第一个百年奋斗目标 the first Centenary Goal 今年是新中国成立70周年，是全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标的关键之年。 This year is the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. It will be a crucial year for us as we endeavor to achieve the first Centenary Goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. 3政务服务“好差评”制度
china daily双语新闻：在美代购豪车倒卖中国遭罚没,检方撤诉
china daily双语新闻：在美代购豪车倒卖中国遭罚没， 检方撤诉 A luxury car exporter’s nearly two-year legal battle to recover a Porsche Cayenne and $120,786 seized by United States authorities has ended with federal prosecutors in South Carolina agreeing to return the property and drop a civil forfeiture lawsuit. 为了夺回被美国*查扣的一辆保时捷卡宴(Porsche Cayenne)和120786美元（约合75万元人民币）资金，一名豪华汽车出口商打了近 两年的官司。现在官司结束了，南卡罗来纳州的联邦检察官同意退还 那些财产，并撤销民事罚没诉讼。 The deal with the exporter, Alibek Turkayev, follows at least a dozen other similar settlements. In nine states, federal prosecutors have reached agreements with other small companies involved in buying luxury cars in the United States and reselling them overseas, mainly in China, for a big profit. 在与这位名叫阿力别克·图尔卡耶夫(Alibek Turkayev)的出口商 达成妥协之前，已经发生了至少十几宗类似的和解案例。九个州的联 邦检察官都与其他小公司达成了协议。这些公司为了赚取巨额利润， 在美国购买豪车，再将其转卖至海外，主要是中国。 In many of those cases, federal authorities in South Carolina, Florida, Georgia and Ohio settled the disputes by returning all of the seized cars. In one of the bigger settlements, federal prosecutors in South Carolina agreed in January to return 57 luxury cars and hundreds of thousands of
中国日报双语新闻每日1词
【每日1词】四六级高频词速记(五月汇总版) 2014-05-30 中国日报网双语新闻 【每日1词】#exaggerate# I'm not exaggerating - it was the worstmeal I've ever eaten in my life. 此处exaggerate (英[?ɡ'z?d??re?t]美[?ɡ'z?d??ret])意思是？ A.夸张 B.欺骗 C.隐瞒 ------------------------------ 答案：A.夸张 句意：这是我这辈子吃过的最糟糕的一顿饭——我一点儿没夸张。 [解析] 除"夸张、言过其实"外，动词exaggerate还有"使……更显眼"的意思：--That dress exaggerates my thinness. 那条裙子显得我更瘦了。 名词exaggeration： --To say she is beautiful is anexaggeration, but she does have nice eyes. 说她漂亮有些夸张了，但她的眼睛的确很好看。 【每日1词】#mop#
She mopped the kitchen floor. 此处mop (英[m?p]美[mɑp])意思是？ A.拖地 B.扫地 C.打蜡 ------------------------------ 答案：A.拖地 句意：她把厨房地板拖了。 [解析] 任何跟"拖地"差不多的动作，都可以用mop： --mop the hallway 拖一拖走廊 --mop the spilled water 把弄洒的水擦干 --mop her forehead with a towel 用毛巾擦额头 还有名词mop，指"蓬乱的头发(像拖把头似的有木有)"：--a mop of dark hair 乱蓬蓬的一团黑发 【每日1词】#jail#
2019翻译硕士考研-改革开放40周年双语热词
CHINADAILY改革开放40周年双语热词 万元户ten-thousand-yuan household 存款在10000元以上的家庭a household with deposits of over10,000yuan 大款tycoon,fat cat 傍大款gold digging 衣食靠山"breadwinner" 暴发户upstart,new money 炫耀式消费showing-off consumption 百万富翁millionaire 亿万富豪billionaire 某人有两个逗号someone has two commas-他是个百万富翁someone is a millionaire 落地扇floor fan 土豪nouveau riche(new rich),rich guy 欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主rural landlords oppressing the tenant farmers and servants 花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的有钱人rich men who lavish and flash money about 煤老板coal boss 煤炭开采业coal mining industry 粗放型经济增长模式the extensive mode of economic growth 富二代rich second generation,silver-spoon kid 继承巨额财产的富家子女rich children who inherit huge amounts of property
娇生惯养spoiled 傲慢自大arrogant and self-willed 炒房客real estate speculator 非法集资illegal fund-raising 高净值人士high-net-worth individual(HNWI) 可投资资产investable assets 良好教育well-educated 有机食品organic food 企业家entrepreneurs 金领gold collars 创二代second generation entrepreneur 出生于上世纪八十年代的新一代创业群体a new generation of entrepreneurs born in the 1980s 个人的兴趣爱好personal interests 接手了家族产业中某个的相对独立的部分take over a relatively independent part of the family businesses