新视野大英1教案(Unit 4)(1)

Section A

Heroes among us

I. Warming-up activities

1.Who is the greatest hero in your mind? And Why?

?Huang Jiguang, Qiu Shaoyun, Dong Cunrui… (combat heroes who sacrificed their own lives to fulfill the operational mission)

?Wu Juping (the most beautiful mother), Zhang Lili (the most beautiful teacher)…(civilian heroes who risked their own lives to save others in modern times)

2. What makes a hero in your eyes?

? A good heart

?The readiness to lend a hand to people in trouble

?The courage to risk one’s own life to help others in danger

?The determination to fight for his own country and people

II . Background information

1. Joseph John Campbell was an American mythologist, writer and lecturer, best known for his work in comparative mythology and comparative religion. His famous book The Hero with a Thousand Faces retells dozens of stories and explains how each represents the hero’s journey.

2. Katniss Everdeen is a fictional character and the protagonist of Suzanne Collins' The Hunger Games trilogy.

3. Frodo Baggins is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings. III. Analysis of the whole text structure

Text A is an essay on people’s view about what makes a hero. It is pointed out that in the past the word “hero” wa s reserved for those who performed acts of courage beyond the call of duty or for great leaders, while today heroes can be ordinary people like us. Besides, first responders, whose duty is to rush toward danger, are also heroes, even when their efforts failed to bring about desirable effects. Hopefully, we will also act heroically when circumstances call on us. This text can be roughly divided into four parts.

Part I — (Para.1)

Today the word “hero” becomes more common and is used to refer to both victims and survivors of all kinds of difficulties and tragedies.

Part II — (Paras. 2-4)

Both Daniel and Dory are civilian heroes as they acted instinctively with courage and grace when situations call for.

Para. III — (Paras. 5-12)

First responders are heroes no matter they succeed in their effort to save people or get injured or killed in their efforts.

Para. IV — (Para. 13)

The stories of heroes help remind us that ordinary people can do extraordinary things and, being inspired by them, we can also be heroes when circumstances call on us to act heroically.

IV. Language focus

1)Practical phrases

1.apply pressure to / on 按压，给…施加压力

你可以按压伤口让血流的慢些。

You can apply pressure on the injury to make the blood bleed slower.

2. shield sb. from sth. 使……免受……

保护祖国不受侵略是军人的职责。

It is the duty of servicemen to shield their country from invasion.

3. be/get caught up in 被卷入；陷入

那些被卷入游行示威的学生的安全必须得到保证。

The safety of those students caught up in the demonstration must be guaranteed.

4. reserve sth. for sb. / sth. 保留；预留

这个问题必须留待进一步讨论。

This question must be reserved for further discussion.

5. relate to sth. / sb. 理解；认同

我知道他的求职申请被拒后他很沮丧。我能理解他的感受。

I know he was very frustrated when his job application was rejected. I can relate to that.

6. make sense of sth. 理解，弄懂某事

我无法搞懂他为什么在最后一刻放弃比赛。

I can’t make any sense of his giving up the competition at the last minute.

7. give authority to授权

合同授权研究人员使用实验室里的任何东西。

The contract gives authority to research members to use anything in the laboratory. 8. count on 依靠；指望

他们决定不依靠外援来缓解饥荒。

They decided not to count on foreign aid to relieve the famine.

2) Functional patterns

1. It used to be that …

用于表达“过去的某一习惯或情况现在已不存在”，表示与目前习惯或情况有所不同。

Eg:在过去，只有享受至高无上权利的皇家才能使用龙的形象。

It used to be that the image of dragon could only be used by royal families that enjoyed the supreme power.

2. Sb./ Sth. is …. So is sb./sth. else./ So are some other people/some other things.

用于表达“两个人或事物之间的相似之处”。

在你的人生中，通过不懈努力取得的成功是宝贵的财富。同样，帮助你逐步走向成熟的人生挫折也是财富。

Eg:Success that you achieve through painstaking efforts is seen as valuable asset in your life. So are the setbacks that help you to become mature gradually.

3. Sb. do sth., especially when….

用于表达“某人最有可能做某事的一种条件”。

Eg:我喜欢回忆过去，特别是当孤寂来袭之时。

I love recalling the past, especially when loneliness strikes.

4.Sb. do sth. by… . Perhaps, even more importantly, sb. do sth. by…

用于表达“对于某人而言更为重要的行为方式”。

Eg:我们通过传授知识培养学生，也许，更为重要的是，我们通过传授学习方法培养学生。

We cultivate students by imparting knowledge. Perhaps, even more importantly, we cultivate students by teaching them learning methods.

3) Language appreciation

a. In an era of heightened heroism, the word hero has become more common. (Para. 1, L1)

在一个英雄主义发扬光大的时代，“英雄”一词已经变得更加常见。

b. He spoke tender words of sympathy, telling her that he would find her husband and her parents and that everything would be fine. (Para. 2, L5)

他用温柔体贴的话语安慰她，告诉她他会把她的丈夫和父母找来，告诉她一切都会好的。

c. … when Dory heard shots ring out he immediately fell on top of his wife to shield her from the hail of bullets. (Para. 3, L2)

一听到枪声，多利马上扑在妻子身上为她挡住扫射过来的子弹。

d. In Toronto, Canada, downtown life stopped when more than 11,000 police and other emergency responders marched solemnly through the streets to honor policeman, Sergeant Ryan Russell, a 35-year-old “good man and good cop”, who believed de eply in his commitment to protect and serv

e. (Para. 6, L1)

在加拿大多伦多市，11,000多名警察和其他应急人员肃穆地在大街上游行，纪念一位具有高度保护和服务意识的“好男人和好警察”、35岁的瑞安·罗素警佐。当时整个市中心的其他活动都停止了。

e. He made the choice not to be bitter, and worked hard as South Africa’s first black president to establish harmony and helped society reconcile its conflicted past. (Para. 7, L4)

他没有抱怨，作为南非第一位黑人总统，他努力奋斗，致力于创建和谐国家，促进社会化解以往的矛盾。

V.Theme exploration

Critical thinking

1.How do you define a hero?

Tips :In my view, a hero is someone who:

? is brave o r even risks their life in face of danger;

? saves others in trouble;

? shows great courage when others hesitate or fear;

? sacrifices themselves for others.

2. Do you think people who give their life to save their family members should be considered heroes? Why or why not?

Tips :Yes, people who give their life to save others should certainly be considered heroes, no matter whom they save — whether it is their family member or a stranger. By rescuing others, they demonstrate extraordinary courage and demonstrated the rare qualities of a hero. These heroic qualities include:

●putting themselves in danger to protect others;

●fearing no danger or death; and

●never regretting their own loss.

3. What do you think we should do to honor heroes?

Tips: To honor heroes, we can:

? spread their names and stories in legends, stories, media, songs, movies, etc.;

? put up monuments for commemoration;

? name different places after heroes;

? set up a special day to remember them;

? take good care of them and their families;

? give them special honors; and

? call on society to learn from them.

VI.Writing devices

1)Sentence writing

Attributive clause introduced by “who”：

Giving a detailed description to a person is sometimes necessary when you are relating a story, or narrating an event. In this case, attributive clause introduced by “who” serves the purpose quite well. It helps to achieve completeness and vividness of your description.

Example:

1) These are civilian heroes, who acted instinctively with courage and grace when caught up in extraordinary circumstances.

2) A soldier who runs through gunfire to rescue other military personnel is seen as a

hero.

Appreciation

And finally, there are the multitudes of men and women whose name never appear in the history books — those who marched and those who sang, those who sat in and those who stood firm, those who organized and those who mobilized — all those men and women who through countless acts of quiet heroism helped bring about changes few thought were even possible.

2)Paragraph writing : Question--- Example--- Conclusion

Sample paragraph:

What is culture shock? (Question) When he first visited the US, Mr. Li was confused on a bus: He meant to give his seat to an elderly man, but the man seemed annoyed and refused to take the seat. Later his American friends explained to him that in the US it is not advisable, and even offensive, to offer your seat to elderly people. This is very different from China, where people are encouraged to do so. (Example) Sample paragraph:

From the example we can see that culture shock is the feeling of confusion and anxiety when you encounter situations where the cultural norms in your culture no longer apply. (Conclusion)

Section B A hero’s aspiration

I.Text comprehension

1.Why did Jonda’s pulse quicken while she was driving? (Para. 1)

The car ahead of her was in trouble.

2.Why did Jonda fail to save the teenager many years ago? After this issue, what happened to Jonda? (Paras.1-2)

Because the car was on fire and she could not get near it. She became very sensitive to signs of potential accidents.

3. What did Jonda mean by “This is too much, too familiar”? (Paras. 5)

This reminded her of the terrible accident involving that teenager mentioned in para.1.

4. Why did Jonda have to work quickly when she tried to save Sandy? (Para. 7) Water rushed up to her waist/cold/ encased in ice/ lose the feeling and collapse.

5.Why did Sandy ask Jonda to tell her grandchildren that she loved them? (Para. 8-11) Because she thought she was going to die.

6.Why does Jonda feel she has much to be grateful for too? (Para. 15)

Jonda feels she has much to be grateful for too, because finally, she is healed and free of the acute nightmares of her past.

II. Further discussion

1. Do you think that police officers like Jonda should be blamed for failing to save victims of accidents?Why or why not?

Tips: No, I don’t think so. Although it is the duty of police officers to save victims in accidents, they should not be blamed for failing to save them on some occasions. It would be unfair to blame them as situations may become out of their control.

Sometimes they themselves may get injured or even die in their efforts to save those in danger. However, there is no point risking their lives when there is obviously no way to save the victim.

2. What do you think is the best way to free a person from a sense of guilt?

It is painful to feel guilty for having failed to save or help others. To help a person free from the sense of guilt, we can:

? let them know that they have tried their best;

? let them know that what happened is not their fault;

? tell them that similar things have happened to others, too.

3. Do you think it worthwhil e to give one’s own life for other people? Why?

I think it depends on the situation. If you know your sacrifice will save another person’s life, it is undoubtedly worthwhile even if you have to risk your own life. Nonetheless, if you clearly know that your efforts won’t save them even at the cost of your own life, then it is not a good idea to give up your own life. Maybe a better andmore practical way is to ask more people for help. This way, you will not only save the victim, but also avoid unnecessary casualties.

III.Culture exploration

1. What are the differences between American and Chinese heroism?

However, heroes are covered with a layer of idealism in Chinese culture. In the circumstance of altruism and nationalism in Chinese culture, what is extremely amplified is the loyalty and devotion to the nation and leaders, and the sacrifice of individuals. The heroes die for the interest of the country or community. Thus, heroes in China cannot have private desire. For thousands of years, rulers defined the concept and model of heroes, so heroes tended to be godlike, perfect and supernatural.

2.What causes the differences between American and Chinese heroism?

The keywords that distinguish Chinese values from American values on heroism are collectivism and individualism. As early as in elementary school Chinese students are taught that personal interest should give way to that of collective group. While in America, kids are trained to treat themselves as separate individuals who should be responsible for their own life from early ages.

IVPractical phrases

1. live in terror of sb. / sth. 一直很害怕某人/ 某物

2. turn off不再听；不再想

3. a string of一连串，一系列（事件等）

4. beat sb. to sth. 抢在…前面

5. bring sth. to a halt使停止，使停住

6. fill up with挤满；占满

7. break through (sth.) 冲破；突破

8. let go of (sth.) 放手，松开（某人或某物）

VAssignment

1)Look for a real story about a hero by yourself. Then think about the following

questions.

a.Who is the hero?

b.What did the person do to make a hero?

c.What qualities does the hero possess?

2)Work in groups. Share your story with your group members and decide:

a.Which story is the most impressive? And why?

b.Are there any qualities that the heroes share?

c.If so, what are they?

3)Write an unforgettable story of yourself.

a.You should pay attention to the key points as follows :

?When，where and who：

one day I was doing… when suddenly…

?How/why/what：

suddenly/immediately/ while/ when/just at this moment

?Result:

at last/ however/ fortunately /luckily/ to one’s surprise

?Feelings:

personally/ I think…

b.You may use the following expressions in your writing.

?Everyone has an unforgettable memory.

?I still remember the whole process vividly.

?It did not last very long, but it impressed me so deeply that I would…

?Whenever I look back on what happened that day, I think it is right to…

?I will cherish all these memories forever.

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