语法宝典
基本规则
一定要把句子读完！！！从未划线部分判断单复数，时态等！！！
1.Grammar，Meaning，Concision
2.判断顺序：主谓一致，平行，代词指代，修饰语，时态.语态.虚拟，比较，习惯用语。
逻辑含义，语义很重要！！！！
3.拿到一个句子，首先找主谓，判断是否一致，不仅是主句主谓，从句主谓也很重要。可
以通过未划线部分进行判断
4.看到and及其他平行标志词找平行，注意现在分词和过去分词可以平行（注意逻辑思维：
是动作的发出者还是动作的承受者）
注意可能有多重平行。逗号逗号and是平行结构的标志，yet也是平行标志
5.代词指代必须清晰，首先单复数要与所指代的东西一致，which/it不能指代前面整句话
或整件事情this/that/these/those不能裸奔。同一句中相同代词必须指代同一事物，代词和不定代词不能同时出现。代词优先指代句子主语。this单独不能指代，但是this/that+名词这种指代方式，也是正确的
6.修饰语的位置要特别注意。尤其是时间状语，不能出现可以向前修饰也可以向后修饰的
情况。修饰成分尽量靠近中心语
7.时态要对句中表时间的词敏感，并且多通过未划线部分判断。过去完成时敏感，必须要
有明确的过去动作与之对应。规律实验结果等用一般现在时。时态不能随意变化。
现完：在过去的某个时间点所发生的事情延续到今，对现在所产生的影响。Last，past 跟大段时间连用，ever since，in the last century
8.主动优于被动。
9.句子重心不得随意改变。
10.only等极端词位置不能随意改变
11.Recommend/advise/demand/insist/mandate/propose/suggest等表示命令的词汇用虚拟语气
+that+从句主语+动词原形，should需省略
12.看到suggest需看主语是否是人，是人用虚拟，省略should，不是人，表示“表明”
13.读题干时没有意识到虚拟语气，看到选项中出现would也要想想是否虚拟
14.比较对象必须对等且具有可比性，比较要从结构上及逻辑含义上保持平行。
15.分词开头，逗号+主语划线，立刻想逻辑主语问题。分词结构的主语应是主句的主语。
16.情态动词不得随意添加或丢失
17.不得随意改变原句意思。包括将因果关系改为并列关系等
18.only应放在它用来限制的对象旁边
19.which引导非限定性定语从句前面应有逗号。相应的，that引导限定性定语从句前面不
能有逗号。
20.although一般引导一个有主语和动词的分句。
21.ing逻辑思维normally be expected to modify the first clause，describing or extending its
meaning。But/and表并列，Although 表示出主从关系，也含有转折让步含义
22.分号两边需是完整的句子。逗号不能连接两个完整的句子
23.从句优于介词，表达丰富意思，尤其是内容很长出现多个介词结构时，应用that从句
24.句末同位语优先（逗号后可以+ing结构或+名词同位语结构，概括性新名词句末同位语
优选，状语与同位语比较，优选同位语）
25.表目的，优选不定式，for doing 错，in order to 不简洁
So that 表目的+句子，需要情态动词
26.all…each划线部分前半段用all，后半段用each，句末优选each
27.插入语可先忽略不看
28.前面一段话对后面的影响用ing或同位语。Which或不定式是明显错误
29.SVO，doing两种情况。一是做伴随，doing修饰S 二是表结果，doing修饰SVO
30.两个定语从句并列，引导词不要省，that从句+and+that 从句
31.副词没有连接句子的功能
32.which的五个用法：
（1）逗号或介词后
（2）就近修饰逗号前的名词，逗号后which是很好的选择
（3）Which/it不能指代前面整件事
（4）宾语后which不指主语
（5）介词+which优选
33.新名词出现有可能是正确答案
34.介词尽量补出
35.否定句中的列举用or连接
36.有些动作不能同时发生，比如destroy和damage，注意不能用and连接
37.如果就近修饰逻辑正确，用定语从句，如果错误，用with状语，可跳跃修饰
38.with介词后不适宜接过长内容或过复杂结构。With不能接独立的句子
39.同形动词优于名词
40.相同成分才能省略
41.并列主句and前才使用逗号
42.比较结构丢掉修饰语，看核心词
43.定语从句比doing更加清楚就近修饰
44.even though/although/while都引导让步状语从句，表虽然，尽管，即使等概念，是用来
引导哪些表面上看与主句逻辑上不相符，但实际上有一定逻辑关系的从句。
45.be to do和be going to 永远错，表示主观色彩
46.from…to …连接两个数字时，中间不能加入up 或down
47.double 和increase ，opposition 和against，orbit 和around，gain 和achieve，with 和
include，annual和a year，with by 和use ，by the name of和be known as ，rise raise increase grow和soar，sum和total，regain和gain，enable to 和be able to ，attempt 和try，other than 和opposite，drop和decrease，sufficient和enough，including和among，have to 和require及近义词，then 和late，so 和in order to 用在一句话中语义重复
48.动词>形容词>抽象名词>分词，动名词>从句
49.注意判断句子是否缺少谓语动词
50.uncompanied是不好的表达，不如not accompanied清晰
51.关于什么的增长，一般用法是increase in sth 而不是increased sth
敏感的词：
1.表示法律法规的law后要接V ing
2.Continue不能用于进行时和复合时态。
3.Earlier in the year是更早的时间，需用过完。
4.Like/Unlike A, B A,B是同类名词Like一般用来比较人。
5.举例用such as，不用like
6.表原因优选because，due to不能放在句首，since表因果较弱
顺序：because/since>because of/due to/on account of/as a result of/owing to
7.表能力优选can
Be able to/can>ability of sb to do >capable of doing>capability
注意be able to be done错being able to 错
Ability +to do 类似于be able to capability基本都错
8.not…but>rather than>instead of
9.介词+which>where
In which>where，但in which不>when
10.perhaps>maybe，更正式，用于书面表达较好
11.有些词看似复数，其实单数：diabetes，citrus
12.有些词看似单数，其实复数，phenomena
13.句中出现expectation等表示期望的词时，需注意时态。
14.被动词汇：based，closed，worried，compared，aimed，intended
15.whether or not 啰嗦
16.so+adj>such+抽象名词
17.so…as to不能加句子
18.such n. 该名词在前面一定要出现过
19.seeming和seemingly同时出现，优选seemingly
20.significant重要的significantly 极大的。一般选择significantly
21.看到抽象名词，优选that引导的同位语从句
22.as a result of ，consequently，ultimately，thus，then，eventually顺接词汇和and连用不
用doing，doing表同时。
23.副词短语放在句首清楚有效
24.表达名词性，抽象名词优于动名词
25.aggravating使人恼火aggravate 使恶化
economic经济的economical抠门的
know as 被认为是known to be 被承认
loss of 失去loss in 贬值
mandate 命令have a mandate 拥有选举权
native of （人）来自native to 物种起源于
range of 多种的ranging 变化
rise 上升raise（工资）上涨
26.as +句子表示像（侧重比较动作）
as+名词表作为
Like+名词表示像（人的行为举止）
27.act like 好像act as 作为，表功能
act like:to behave or comport oneself and describes the action of a person
act as:describes the function of a thing
28.Once 优先使用完成时
29.B 介词A >A B结构
30.强调副词不能随意添加
31.X costs twice as much to maintain as Y> X costs twice as much as maintaining Y
32.try to do 努力，表未来，表目的用不定式try doing 尝试正确
try and do口语化不好try that错误
33.不是所有that of 都优选，要看是否有指代且是否多余
34.even though/although优选连词结构+句子
35.any other 优选，比较要把自己排除在外
36.where，there同时出现敏感
37.两个谓语动词需要用and连接
38.would 和will相比，语气上显得不确定
39.should在GMA T中表示“道德上的义务”，而不是“好像”
40.while表示同时性，出现需注意逻辑含义
41.前面出现过的动词，后面只能用do和did代替，或重复前面出现过的词
42.Just as A do，so B do 就如同A…B…
43.双重所有格一定错
44.excepting通常在否定句中
45.现在分词表示重复的动词，定语从句表示一次
46.similar to 不能放句首
47.like改为seem，as 改为as if 错
48.all…not 错，改为not all
49.adj.+n>n. that be adj
50.time +when 具体时间+when age + in which date+at which
51.enough to 基本错
52.by doing与by+noun. 在语法上都正确，但前者强调动作，后者强调结果，在GMA T
语法中，通常是by+noun.是正确表达方式
53.as be the case with…连接比较对象。常见的错误用法有：as it be; than be the case; as in/with
the case of等
54.not so much that…as that…与其说…不如说…
55.one与another搭配；some和others搭配；each和the other搭配；each other和others搭配
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9714082877.html,ly的用法十分灵活：（=that is to say, along with）. 它是副词，后面不能直接加句子
57.the fact 后用of无法完全解释fact的内容，应该用that引导的同位语从句
58.Predict是要搭配will的。。除了用在过去时态中，would用在虚拟里（与现实相反），不用
在肯定语境中。
59.“will + 动词原型”除了表示将来时，还可以表示常常发生的事情。
60.遇到长划线或全划线句子首先找出主谓
61.If x happened，then y would happen
Y will happen if x happens first
If x happens，y will happen
Once x had happened，then y happened
62.x is to y what A is to B
正确用法：
1.in contrast with X,Y in contrast to X,Y Unlike A, B
2.attempt to do（attempt 动词名词同形）
3.estimated to be estimated at错
4.means/methods +to 对+of 错
5.tell/convince/persuade sb that
6.the same to X as to Y
7.depend on 后应跟whether，而不是if
8.seem to do
9.argue for
10.advocate是及物动词，直接跟宾语
11.X happened so that Y could happen
If X happen，then Y would happen
Once X had happened，then Y happened
If X happens, Y will happen
12.seek to do
13.target at
14.between…and
15.more…than…
16.pronounce A B consider A,B make A,B
Pronounce as/to be 错
17.be required to do
Requeire sb to do
Require that
Require of sb that（用虚拟语气）
18.the ability of sb to do sth
19.either from…or from或form either…or…
20.at fault for
21.date…from…
22.X is to Y what a is to b
23.restriction on
24.be expected to do
25.not only X…but also Y
平行结构。但也要注意句意是否是转折，有可能是递进用but also即可
26.appear to
27.be allowed to do
28.date at
29.attribute x to y
30.not…but…严格对称
31.distinguish between X and Y
Distinguish A from B
32.not X，but rather Y表现一个反差
33.be likely to do
34.conceive of…as
35.aid…in doing
36.link sth with sth
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9714082877.html,pare to 比喻，比作（不同类）
Compare with 比较（同类）
38.倍数表达：as …as +倍数
五倍以上采用times
62.persuade sb to do sth
63.begin…as…
64.A as varied as B
65.immune to 不受影响
immue from 受保护
66.subsitute X for Y对
substitute X in place of Y错
67.rates for 对rate of 对
68.believe sth to be
believe that+宾语从句
69.help （to）do
help sb （to）do
helpful in doing
70.begin/depict/regard/percieve/represent/be acclaimed/be prized/think of/see/view…as
71.at pole，at point ，at equator
72.prohibit sb from doing prohibit sth forbid sb to do forbid sth 正确
prohibit/forbid that 错误
56. except 同类except for 不同类排除在外
Besides 包括
73.according to 根据
in accordance with 与…一致
57. encourage sb to do encourage sth 正确
encourage sth to be done和encourage doing 错误
58.make sth sth make sth adj. Make sth done 正确
59.keep sth under control
Be in control of
60.order sb to do sth
Order sth to be done
Order that +宾语从句+虚拟语气
61.credit sb with doing
Be credited with doing
62. be intended for somebody/something表示书、电影、药品等专为...而设计或制造。
63. assist (somebody) with/in something, assist in doing something
64. announce to do/be sth.错
65.not X,but rather Y
66.attribute X(the effective) to Y(a cause)
X(the effect) is attributed to Y(the cause)
不好的选项：
1.倒装句不好尤其是从句不能倒装
2.名词+ having done 做定语一定错
3.名词+that be +done不好
4.there be +抽象名词
5.being基本错，但也存在正确的可能。名词+being+doing敏感
6.and also不好
7.所有格不接ing
8.GMA T不喜欢that从句放句首
9.in that敏感。表原因优选because。For也可接受。
In that is stilted and overly formal
10.try and 不好
11.excepting of 不存在
12.it is unlikely that
13.more…as
14.as…than
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9714082877.html,pare/base出现主动形式
16.instead of
17.prohibit to do /that
18.forbid from doing sth
19.because of /on account of/despite of
20.lower 修饰动词
21.as much or more as
22.quanlifying
23.more…rather than
24.promise of doing
25.without nor
26.with none of
27.present 和now同时出现
28.must 和mandate同时出现
29.there have done
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高中英语所有语法专题大汇总 高中阶段的英语学习，其实就是学语法、记单词和研究并熟练题型。其中，语法是大多数同学最头疼的问题，原因在于其内容之繁杂和零散，因此，老师将高中英语所有语法专题总结在一起，供大家系统学习。（老师以过来人的身份告诉你哦，高中是系统学习语法的最佳时机，到了大学，就主要是以背单词为主了！） 专题一定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词，相当于who/that…not 例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况
仁爱英语中考语法专题复习题集锦
动词 ( ) 1. -- How long may I ______ your book? --For a week. But you must n’t ______ it to others. A. borrow; lend B. keep; lend C. lend; borrow D. keep; borrow ( ) 2. It won’t ______ them much time to fly to Beijing from Shanghai. A. spend B. use C. take D. pay ( ) 3. Mr. Wang ______ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning. A. mustn’t be B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t ( ) 4. –Do you like the music the Moonlight Sonata? --Yes, it ______ really beautiful A. feels B. sounds C. listens D. hears ( ) 5. Lily finished _______ the book yesterday. A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads ( ) 6. Mrs. Brown isn’t here. She has to ______ her baby at home. A. look at B. look for C. look like D. look after ( ) 7. I have to go now. please remember to _______ the lights when you leave. A. turn off B. turn down C. turn up D. turn on ( ) 8. Susan’s parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It _______ be very expensive A. must B. can C. mustn’t D. can’t ( ) 9. –It’s too hot. Would you mind _______ the door? -- _______. Please do it now. A. to open; OK B. opening; Certainly not C. opening; Of course D. to open; Good idea ( ) 10. I want to _______ this book for a month. A. borrow B. keep C. lend D. get ( ) 11. –How many times _______ you _______ to Beijing this year? --Three times. A. have; been B. had; been C. have; gone D. had; gone ( ) 12. What a nice bag! But she _______ only thirty dollars for it A. cost B. took C. spend D. paid ( ) 13. Cotton _______ nice and soft. A. is felt B. is feeling C. feel D. feels ( ) 14. I think this is the best way to solve the problem. Do you _______ me? A. play with B. hear of C. agree with D. get on well with ( ) 15. –Guess who is coming to supper. – I don’t know. _______ me. A. Speak B. Say C. Tell D. Tell ( ) 16. Please _______ your phones here with you tomorrow. A. take B. bring C. carry D. lift ( ) 17. Don’t _______ your lessons. We’ll help you. A. worry B. worried about C. be worried about D. be afraid ( ) 18. The window is broken. Try to _______ who broke it. A. find out B. find C. look D. look for ( ) 19. He could _______ neither French nor German. So I ______ with him in English. A. speak; talked B. talk; told C. say; spoke D. tell; talked ( ) 20. The ticket is on the floor. Would you please _______ for me? A. pick it up B. pick up it C. pick up them D. pick them up ( ) 21. If you don’t know a word, you must _______ the word in a dictionary. A. look up B. look down C. look over D. look out ( ) 22. It’s time for class. We’d better _______. A. stop to talk B. to stop to talk C. stop talking D. to stop talking ( ) 23. There was a strange sound outside. Mary went out and _______ around, but she _______ nothing. A. looked; saw B. saw; saw C. watched; looked D. looked; find ( ) 24. The woman _______ the child quickly and took him to hospital. A. put on B. dressed C. had on D. was wearing ( ) 25. –Oh, you painted the walls yourself? --Yes. It was not hard. The whole work didn’t _______ much. A. want B. cost C. spend D. pay ( ) 26. --_______ all your things, Tom! I hate them here and there. –OK, Mum. A. Put up B. Put on C. Put down D. Put away ( ) 27. Yuki loves wearing strange hats because she wants people to _______ her. A. believe B. control C. notice D. visit ( ) 28. _______! It’s the music of Mozart. Be quiet. A. Hear B. Sound C. Sing D. Listen ( ) 29. –The room is so dirty. _______ we clean it? -- Of course. A. Will B. Would C. Do D. Shall ( ) 30. We must do something to stop people from _______. A. to throw litter about B. to throw litter into C. throwing litter about D. throwing litter into 时态和语态