comprehensivePractice
题目类型题号题目内容认知分类分值答案选项数选项A选项B选项C选项D选项E 知识点编号题目
详解父题题号
B1 Do you know who Benjamin Banneker was and what he did?Benjamin Banneker was a self-educated scientist at a time when most African Americans were slaves.
Born a free black man in the British Colony of Maryland in 1731, he received some formal education, but he mostly borrowed books and taught himself science and mathematics. At 22, he borrowed a pocket watch, and without any training, figured out how to carve a working wooden clock that chimed each hour. Because of this clock, he became well known and people would visit him just to see his creation.
Banneker ran his family farm for many years, but when he was in his late 50s, a neighbor's son lent him a telescope. He became interested in astronomy, the study of the planets and stars, and again taught himself a new science. He made calculations of tides, sunrises and sunsets, and even predicted an eclipse. For several years he published an almanac of these calculations. Today, he is best known for publishing six almanacs, called "Benjamin Banneker's Almanac" between 1792 and 1797.
In the 1790s, Banneker also helped survey and lay out the land for Washington, D.C., which became the nation's capital. For a look at Banneker's amazing life, visit the Benjamin Banneker Historical Park & Museum in Ellicott, City, Maryland.
1 What was the status of most African-Americans at Banneker's time?
A. Most African Americans could have formal education.
B. Most African Americans could be self-educated.
C. Most African Americans had freedom.
D. Most African Americans were slaves.
解析：由文章第二段第一句话可以看出在Benjamin Banneker成为科学家的时候大多数非洲美国人还是奴隶。正确答案选D。
2 What subjects did Benjamin teach himself?
A. Science and mathematics.
B. Science, mathematics and astronomy.
C. Astronomy only.
D. Six Almanac. 解析：由文章第二段“taught himself science and mathematics”可以看出他教自己数学和科学，但是在成家之后“He became interested in astronomy”，他的兴趣又转向了天文学，而且又是自学，正确答案选B。
3 He became famous at the age of 22 because of _____. .
A. a watch
B. a telescope
C. a book
D. a clock 解析：由文章第二段可以看出本杰明在他22岁的时候闻名是因为他发明了钟，正确答案选D。
B1
B1-4T he word "almanac"(Line4,para3) probably means _____ .
A. a book
B. an object
C. a survey
D. a diary 解析：“almanac”中文意思为历书，年鉴，即为中国日历的意思。正确答案选A。
B1-5W hich of Mr. Banneker's works is best known?
A. Eclipse prediction.
B. Helping surveying the capital.
C. Benjamin Banneker.
D. A wooden clock. 解析：由：“Today, he is best known for publishing six almanacs, called "Benjamin Banneker's Almanac"”可以看出本杰明闻名是由于他发明了年鉴，正确答案选C。
题目类型题号题目内容认知分类分值选项数选项A选项B 选项C 选项D 选项E 知识点编号题目
详解父题题号
B2
B2-2 W hat do we know from the first paragraph ?
A. More and more people take up the habit of smoking. people than any other country.
B. There are more smoking women than smoking men in USA.
C. It is good news that more people have given up smoking.
D. The U.S. has more smoking 解析：由文章“It is encouraging to see that millions of people have given up smoking.”可以看出部分人已经戒掉烟瘾，正确答案选C。
B1
B2-2 W hat factors determine a person's smoking habits ?
A. Age, income and education.
B. Age, sex and income.
C. Occupation, income and sex.
D. Occupation, income and education. 解析：根据文章“Income, education, and occupation all play a part in determining a person's smoking habit.”可以看出决定个人烟瘾的因素包括Income, education and occupation，正确答案选D。
B1
B2-3 W hich of the following is true according to the passage ?
A. City people are less likely to smoke.
B. People in rural areas are more likely to smoke.
C. Men with higher income tend to smoke.
D. Well-educated men with high incomes are generally less likely to smoke. 解析：由文章“Well-educated men with high incomes are less likely to smoke cigarettes than men with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes”可以看出受过良好教育和由高收入的人一般抽烟的比较少，正确答案选D。
B1
B2-4 What is the smoking situation for women ?
A. The situation is quite the same for women as for men .
B. Better-educated women are likely to smoke heavily.
C. There are more women smokers with low incomes.
D. Women with higher incomes and higher education do not tend to smoke. 解析：根据文章“The situation is somewhat different for women. These more highly educated women tend to smoke more heavily”可以看出和男人不同，大部分受过良好教育的人抽烟反而厉害，正确答案选B。
B2-5 What can we say about teenaged smokers ?
A. The picture about the teenage smokers is similar to that of women smokers.
B. The situation among teenagers is quite the same with men.
C. High school students are more likely to smoke than college students.
D. Farmers'children tend to smoke more. 解析：由文章“Among teenagers the picture is similar. Children are most likely to start smoking if one or both of their parents smoke.”可以看出很多年轻人抽烟已经和成人一样了，正确答案选B。
题目类型题号题目内容认知分类分值答案选项数选项A 选项B 选项C 选项D 选项E 知识点编号题目详解父题题号
B3 On average, American kids aged 3 to 12 spend 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more than they did in 1981. They also did more household work and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet. Involvement in sports, in particular, rose almost 50％from 1981 to 1997: boys now spend an average of four hours a week playing sports; girls log half that time. All in all, however, children's leisure time dropped from 40％of the day in 1981 to 25％.
"Children are affected by the same crunch ( 危机) that affects their parents," says Sandra Hofferth, who headed the recent study of children's timetable. A chief reason, she says, is that more mothers are working outside the home. (Nevertheless, children in both double-income and "male breadwinner" households spent comparable amounts of time interacting with parents, 19 hours and 22 hours respectively. In contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers.) All work no play could make for some very messed-up kids. "Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself," says T. Berry Brazelton, professor at Harvard Medical School. Unstructured play encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships with peers, but kids aged 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it.
The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing "free time" watching television. But that, believe it or not, was one of the findings parents might regard as good news. If they're spending less time in front of the TV set, however, kids aren't replacing it with reading. Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books, the children spend just over an hour a week reading. Let's face it, who's got the time?
B3-3 According to the author, the reason given by Sandra Hofferth for the time crunch is _____.
A. partially true
B. quite convincing
C. rather confusing
D. totally groundless 解析：细节推断题。从第二段最后括号里的确切数据得知“…In contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers.”母亲去外工作的家庭中的孩子和母亲在一起的时间比单亲母亲的家庭中孩子和母亲呆在一起的时间要长，所以正确答案为D“完全没有根据的”。
B1
B3-2 According to the author a child develops better if _____.
A. he has plenty of time reading and playing
B. he is free to interact with working parents
C. he is left to play with his peers in his own way
D. he has more time participating in school activities
解析：细节理解题。从第三段第一句“Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself.”和最后一句“…allows the young to negotiate their relationships with peers.”可以看出正确答案为C“作者认为孩子如果被允许以任意的方式和同龄人去玩耍，更有利于他的发展。”
B1
B3-3 The author is concerned about the fact that American kids _____.
A. are involved less and less in household work
B. are spending more and more time watching TV
C. are engaged in more and more structured activities
D. are increasingly neglected by their working mothers 解析：细节推断题。从第三段最后一句“Unstructured play encourages independent thinking ……but kids aged 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it.”可以推断出美国孩子可能越来越多的去做那些已经有固定模式的活动，所以正确答案为C。
B1
B3-4 We can infer from the passage that _____.
A. most parents believe reading to be beneficial to children
B. efforts to get kids interested in reading have been fruitful
C. most children will turn to reading with TV sets switched off
D. extracurricular activities promote children's intelligence 解析：细节推理题。从最后一段倒数第二句“Despite efforts to…the children spend just over an hour a week reading.”所以可以看出“为了让孩子们喜欢看书而做的努力，已经收到了成效”，正确答案为B。
B3-5 By mentioning "the same time crunch"(Line 1, Para.2 ) Sandra Hofferth means _____.
A. children have little time to play with their parents
B. both parents and children suffer from lack of leisure time
C. both parents and children have trouble managing their time
D. children are not taken good care of by their working parents 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“children's leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to 25%.”和第二段的“Children are affected by the same crunch ( 危机) that affects their parents.”得知“家长和孩子都因缺少空闲时间所困扰”，正确答案为B。
B4 When you think about the things that attract millions of visitors to Washington, D.C., each year, you probably think about the monuments, the White House, the Capitol, the Library of Congress. But have you ever thought about the living things that are also a major tourist attraction?
Many Americans and international tourists make a special visit to Washington, D.C., in the spring to see the blooming pink and white Japanese cherry trees that circle the Tidal Basin and the Jefferson Memorial. The trees were originally planted as a gift from the people of Tokyo, Japan, in 1912. In 1910, a previous donation of 2,000 cherry trees had to be destroyed after they were infested with insects. Each spring, the National Cherry Blossom Festival, a two-week-long celebration, attracts tens of thousands of visitors from around the world to see the magnificent trees in full bloom.
Have you ever seen these magnificent blossoms?
B4-`1 All of the following are Washington, D.C. monuments, except_____. .
A. the White House
B. the Capitol
C. the Tidal Basin
D. the Library of Congress 解析：由文章第一段可以知道华盛顿可以纪念的有the White House, the Capitol, the Library of Congress，并没有提到答案中的the Tidal Basin，所以正确答案选C。
B1
B4-2 Which statement best expresses the main idea of the passage?
A. Historical spots in Washington, D.C. appeal to million of visitors.
B. Cherry blossom is also a major tourist attraction in Washington, D.
C. C. Many tourists came to Washington,
D.C. to visit the monuments. D. Spring cherry blossom is most famous in Japan. 解析：文章第一段提出问题，第二段第一句话就回答了原因是因为Washington, D.C.的樱花开放，正确答案选B。
B1
B4-3 The cherry trees in Washington, D.C. were a donation from_____. .
A. people of Japan
B. thousands of visitors
C. the Library of Congress
D. the President 解析：由文章原句“The trees were originally planted as a gift from the people of Tokyo, Japan”可以知道这些树是由日本人作为礼物送到美国的，因此正确答案选A。
B1
B4-4 Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "infested"(Line5,para2)?
A. being slightly infectious with those worms.
B. not spreading or swarming in a troublesome manner.
C. getting infectious from a terrible disease.
D. spread or swarmed in or over in a troublesome manner. 解析：“infested”是大批滋生的意思，根据文中的意思是大批害虫的滋生，形容生长繁殖的程度，答案ABC都言不及义，正确答案选D。
B4-5 How long does the National Cherry Blossom Festival last?
A. Two weeks.
B. Two months.
C. Four days. .
D. Four weeks 解析：由“a two-week-long celebration”可以知道这场盛会持续两个周的时间，所以正确答案选A。
B5 Most Americans believe that good education is quite necessary to democracy and social progress. Even during their colonial time the settlers attached great importance to setting up schools for their children, because these puritans were firm believers in education. They tried hard to establish enough schools for their children. The schools were not only to teach children how to read, write and calculate but also to train clergymen. The first college, Harvard, was set up in Massachusetts in 1636. Soon after, the colonial government passed a law requiring every town of more than 40 families to have a school and school master. By the mid-eighteenth century several well-known colleges were founded, including Columbia in New York and Princeton in New Jersey. They were used to train young people.
Education did not develop very fast in the South where big plantation owners did not want to build schools for the children of the poor workers and slaves. Children from rich families usually went to England for higher education. This was one the reasons why the South developed more slowly than the North.
Colonial schools laid the foundation for America educational system in which all the American schools were left to the care of communities or local authority. Compulsory education has been carried out and primary and secondary education has been open to American children free of charge for many years.
B5-1 Education in most Americans' eyes is _____.
A. quite necessary for social development and democracy
B. important only for the earliest settlers
C. good as they have many famous universities
D. the basis of working hard 解析：由第一段“Most Americans believe that good education is quite necessary to democracy and social progress.”可以看出美国人认为关于社会发展和民主政治的教育是最重要的，正确答案选A。
B1
B5-2 Which of the following was not a task of school?
A. To train clergymen.
B. To teach children how to read and write.
C. To teach children math.
D. To send children to British universities. 解析：由文章“The schools were not only to teach children how to read, write and calculate but also to train clergymen”可以看出美国学校并没有送孩子去大不列颠，正确答案选D。
B1
B5-3 The south America developed slowly because _____.
A. children in the south went to England for higher education
B. there were not many rich people in the south
C. not all rich children in the south had chances to go to school in England
D. education developed quite slowly in the south 解析：由文章第二段可以看出大农场主不愿意为那些奴隶开学校，同时有钱的家庭都把自己的孩子送到英国学习了，由此导致南方的教育发展缓慢。正确答案选D。
B1
B5-4 American educational system was built _____.
A. on the basis of colonial educational system
B. after some famous colleges were founded
C. by churches as they hoped to train more clergymen
D. when many children from rich families went to England 解析：由第三段“Colonial schools laid the foundation for America educational system”可以看出殖民地学校的建立是美国教育系统的基础，正确答案选A。
B5-5 Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Princeton University was founded around 1750s.
B. Colombia University was built in 1636.
C. Harvard University was founded by the American government.
D. A law was passed by the American government that a school should be built in every town. 解析：1636年建立的是哈弗大学不是哥伦比亚大学，答案B错误，哈弗大学并不是美国政府建立的而是puritans建立的，答案C 错误，超过40户家庭的地方都必须建立学校是由colonial government颁布的，答案D也是错误，所以正确答案选A。
B6 Modern ideas are beginning to influence the Eskimos, but not enough to make much difference to their way of life. They still spend the winter in igloos, the round huts that are built of snow frozen hard. They still travel on sleds that are pulled by dogs. The winter is too cold for hunting, so during that season they live on the stores of seal meat that they have killed in the summer. But seal meat is not the only kind of food that they eat. In summer they hunt bears and reindeer, a type of deer with long branching horns that is used for its milk, meat and skin. They also fish all the year round. The Eskimos who are hunters in summer are fishermen in winter. In winter they make holes in the ice and catch their fish through the holes that they have made. The Eskimos are adaptable. That is why they are able to live in Arctic regions.
B6-6 Which is the main topic of this passage?
A. Modern ideas are beginning to influence the Eskimos.
B. Why are the Eskimos able to live in Arctic regions?
C. The Eskimos are adaptable.
D. Eskimos' way of life has not changed very much. 解析：由文章第一句话“but not enough to make much difference to their way of life”可以看出爱斯基摩人的生活方式并没有多大变化，正确答案选D。
B1
B6-2 What is the Eskimos' major means of transportation?
A. Reindeer.
B. Sleds.
C. Boats.
D. Dogs. 解析：由文章“They still travel on sleds that are pulled by dogs”可以看出爱斯基摩人行进主要是靠狗拉的雪橇，正确答案选B。
B1
B6-3 In winter the Eskimos _____.
A. shut themselves up in igloos
B. hunt seals on ice
C. fish by making holes in the ice
D. raise reindeer for its milk 解析：根据文章“In winter they make holes in the ice and catch their fish through the holes that they have made.”可以看出爱斯基摩人冬天经常在冰上凿个窟窿抓鱼，正确答案选C。
B1
B6-4 Which is NOT included in the Eskimos' daily diet?
A. Fish.
B. Milk.
C. Animal meat.
D. Vegetables. 解析：文章提到了爱斯基摩人平常吃的有鱼，还有In summer they hunt bears and reindeer, a type of deer with long branching horns that is used for its milk, meat and skin，但是并没有提到蔬菜，而且凭常识也知道北极无法种蔬菜，正确答案选D。
B6-5 The Eskimos are able to live in Arctic regions because _____.
A. they can endure severe living conditions
B. they are strong and energetic
C. food is abundant there
D. they have ways to protect themselves from cold 解析：由文章“The Eskimos are adaptable. That is why they are able to live in Arctic regions.”可以看出因为爱斯基摩人能忍受这些生存环境所以才能在北极生活，正确答案选A。
B7 The purpose of this part of the book is to help you become more efficient in reading by speeding up the process generally. Most people can learn to cover material much faster than they do now while maintaining a high level of comprehension.
Improvement in reading efficiency has several major benefits. We need reading skills to benefit from the wealth of information that is now available in printed form. Most people get the rough outlines of their daily news from television and radio. However, the printed word still provides the in-depth coverage of topics that really produces well-informed people. Reading is also a great source of entertainment for many people. For students, it is the primary method of studying.
The time you now spend reading can be made much more productive by increasing your reading rate. For some people this will mean that they can obtain more information in the same length of time. For others it will mean that time now devoted to reading can be used in other more interesting and profitable ways.
To determine how fast you are reading, you first have to get some idea of the number of words in a given passage. Then you simply divide the number of words by the number of minutes it takes to read. That will give your rate in words per minute.
B7-1 The passage is taken from _____.
A. a story book
B. a news report
C. a report on a scientific research
D. a book on reading 解析：由“The purpose of this part of the book is to help you become more efficient in reading by speeding up the process generally.”可以看出这篇文章来源于一本关于阅读的书，正确答案选D。
B1
B7-2 Which of the following statements is NOT a benefit from reading according to the passage?
A. Reading will help readers get more information.
B. By reading readers will have a in-depth coverage of daily news.
C. Students must read so that they can master knowledge.
D. Improvement of reading helps readers get outlines of daily news. 解析：由文章可以看出文章并没有讲改进阅读可以帮助读者了解新闻的大概，正确答案选D。
B1
B7-3 This passage mainly discusses _____.
A. different kinds of reading
B. the importance of improving reading skills and how to calculate reading rate
C. reading as a source of entertainment
D. different ways to improve reading speed 解析：文章主要讲的是发展阅读技巧的重要性和如何计划阅读的速度，正确答案选B。
B1
B7-4 "reading efficiency" in Paragraph 2 means _____.
A. the average reading rate
B. the ability of reading fast with a good understanding
C. reading materials readers like
D. reading habits 解析：“reading efficiency”是阅读效率的意思，所以正确答案选B。
10.
B7-5 Reading speed can be calculated by _____.
A. counting how many words a reader has read
B. dividing the total number of words a reader read by the time he spends on reading
C. timing how many minutes a reader has read
D. asking help from the teacher 解析：由文章“Then you simply divide the number of words by the number of minutes it takes to read.”可以知道提高阅读速度可以通过分段分时间阅读，正确答案选B。
B8 A recent survey h as shown that the number of people in the United Kingdom who do not intend to get internet access has risen. These people, who are know as 'net refuseniks', make up 44％of UK households, or 11.2 million people in total.
The research also showed that more than 70 percent of these people said that they were not interested in getting connected to the internet. This number has risen from just over 50％in 2005, with most giving lack of computer skills as a reason for not getting internet access, though some also said it was because of the cost.
More and more people are getting broadband and high speed net is available almost everywhere in the UK, but there are still a significant number of people who refuse to take the first step.
The cost of getting online is going down and internet speeds are increasing, so many see the main challenge to be explaining the relevance of the internet to this group. This would encourage them to get connected before they are left too far behind. The gap between those who have access to and use the internet is the digital divide, and if the gap continues to widen, those without access will get left behind and miss out on many opportunities, especially in their careers.
B8-1 What is the finding of a recent survey in the United Kingdom?
A. The number of people who don’t intend to use the Internet is going down.
B. The vast majority of people are inclined to use the Internet.
C. Only a small number of people want to use the Internet.
D. The number of people who don’t intend to use the Internet is going up.解析：由第一句话可以明白有英国人不打算利用网络的人的数量正在增长，正确答案选D。
B1
B8-2 The expression "net refuseniks"(Line2,para1) refers to _____. .
A. people who are not accessible to the Internet
B. people who intend to get access to the Internet
C. people who don’t intend to get access to the Internet
D. people who are willing to use the Internet 解析：根据文章意思，文中这些“net refuseniks”指代的就是那些不想用网络的人，正确答案选C。
B1
B8-3 The reasons why people had no interest in getting access to the Internet lies in _____.
A. their lack of computer skills and the cost of using the Internet
B. their lack of computer skills
C. the cost of using the Internet
D. no state encouragement of using the Internet 解析：由文章第二段可以知道这些增长的人大多对英特网不感兴趣，而且不少人缺乏技术也是其中的原因，正确答案选A。
B1
B8-4 "The gap"(Line3,para4) probably exists between ______. .
A. people who have an urban life and those who have a rural life
B. People who are skillful in using the computer and those who aren
C. people who have access to and use the Internet and those who do not
D. people who are rich and those who are poor 解析：由文章第四段最后一句话可以看出“The gap”隔阂指的是那些进入并使用网络的人和那些没进入使用的人，正确答案选C。
B8-5 What will be the potential disadvantage for "net refuseniks"?
A. They will be left far behind in their careers.
B. They will miss out many chances in their careers.
C. They will not be well-informed without getting online.
D. Both A and B. 解析：由文章最后一句“those without access will get left behind and miss out on many opportunities, especially in their careers”可以知道“net refuseniks”的不利方面是远离他们的工作而且错过很多工作机会，正确答案选D.
B9 The often criticized child of the industrial age, advertising, has grown as societies have become more industrialized and, therefore, more commercialized. No modern industry or company can survive without advertising; it is the vital link between the producer and the customer. If advertising were abolished, as many people have suggested it should be, the public and the companies that advertise would suffer a considerable loss.
Most people think of television as an inexpensive source of entertainment. Television's primary purpose, however, is not to provide an entertainment service; except for government-owned networks, it exists in order to promote products for companies. Unless the television industry received income from advertising, watching television would be at least as expensive as going to the movies.
Like television, many magazines and newspapers exist primarily to sell products. In some cases, the stories, pictures, and editorials simply attract people to buy a particular publication. Once a person begins to read, there is no escaping the advertising.
Advertising not only pays for, or helps pay for, much of the mass media; it also provides the consumer with news from industry. This news functions first to influence the buyer to choose one product over another. It also informs people of new products that are important in their lives, for example, the development of salt-free butter for heart patients, or the development of tires that prevent skidding(侧滑) on wet pavement.
Advertising does not usually increase the total number of products sold; it does help determine which company sells more of which products. Its main function is to relay news from the manufacturer to the consumer. Since this is a necessary service, advertising will remain a part of people's everyday lives and a part of every company's budget.
B9-1 According to the passage, modern industry or company can't survive_____.
A. if advertising continues to exist
B. if the link between the customers and manufacturers remains good
C. if “the criticized child” dies out
D. if societies have become more industrialized 解析：由文章“No modern industry or company can survive without advertising.”可以看出现代企业和公司没有广告是无法生存的，而文章根据第一句话“The often criticized child of the industrial age, advertising”可以看出正确答案选C。
B1
B9-2 From the passage, we may figure out that "vital" means _____.
A. direct
B. important
C. only
D. visible 解析：“vital”是重要的、关键的意思，“direct”直接的，“visible”明显的，正确答案选B。
B1
B9-3 According to the passage, the main purpose of television industry is _____.
A. to make money from customers
B. to advertise for companies
C. to provide entertainment service
D. to persuade people to buy new types of televisions 解析：由文章“it exists in order to promote products for companies”和“the television industry received income from advertising”可以看出电视台盈利的方式是利用广告，所以正确答案选B。
B1
B9-4 The main function of advertising is _____.
A. promoting products for companies
B. informing public of new products
C. influencing buyers
D. all of the above 解析：由文章“in order to promote products for companies,attract people to buy a particular publication, also provides the consumer with news from industry.”可以看出广告的功能是为了提高公司产品知名度，吸引消费者，提供消费者新产品，正确答案选D。
B9-5 Which of the following is NOT true to advertising?
A. Advertising does not always increase the sales. .
B. Advertising serves to relay information from buyers to producers
C. Advertising is and will continue to be a necessary part of everyday lives.
D. It is suggested that advertising should be abolished. 解析：根据文章意思广告的作用是提供消费者信息并吸引消费者购买新产品，所以答案B的描述错误，答案选B。
B10 A nineteenth-century French dramatist remarked that the only difference between animals and human beings is that people drink when they are not thirsty and make love in any season. The sociologist's definition of the difference is more scientific: only human beings have the ability for creating and transmitting culture. More than any other species, human animals are able to surpass their biological limitations by sharing ideas and passing on what they learn to future generations.
All animals, including human beings, have certain problems in common. In order to survive as species, they must find a home, get food and provide for their young. Animals are guided by instincts that enable them to cope with these problems of existence. They respond to their environment is a fixed predictable manner: beavers build dams as homes, lions hunt for antelopes for food, and birds build nests to protect their young. Should these solutions turn out to be inadequate, animals for the most part will still go on making the same responses to the same problems. It is true that much of the behavior of higher animals is learned through direct experience. As everyone knows, dogs can be taught to overcome their instinctive dislike of cats, and parrots often learn new calls. In some cases animals have also been known to teach their offspring what they themselves have learned. Nevertheless, human beings are unique in their far greater ability to learn from experiences, to create new solutions to old problems, and most important, to use language to transmit what they have learned to future generations. While animal societies must rely on biologically inherited methods of dealing with their environment, human societies have the far greater advantage of a socially inherited culture.
B10-1 From a sociological point of view, the difference between humans and animals is _____.
A. humans drink when they are not thirsty
B. humans must find a home
C. humans can pass on their culture from generation to generation
D. humans know how to bring up their young 解析：由文章“people drink when they are not thirsty and make love in any season”可以看出人区别于动物是因为人是有意识的去做事，而动物只是凭本能，正确答案选C。
B10-2 One of the problems that both humans and animals must face is _____.
A. they have to overcome their biological disadvantages
B. they have to raise their young in whatever living conditions
C. they must share ideas when in trouble
D. they must find new solutions to difficult problems 解析：由句子“they must find a home, get food and provide for their young”可以看出无论是人类还是动物都会抚养他们的孩子，正确答案选B。
B10-3 In face of problems of existence, animals _____.
A. can think and find a plausible solution
B. only respond repeatedly in the fixed way
C. can pass on the information to their young
D. young animals can think of better ways to solve them 解析：由文章“Should these solutions turn out to be inadequate, animals for the most part will still go on making the same responses to the same problems”可以知道动物会对同样的问题做很多次回应，正确答案选B。
B10-4 Beavers can build dams as home _____.
A. because they can learn from each other
B. in an instinctive way
C. after many failures
D. after they follow other beavers 解析：由文章第二段“Animals are guided by instincts that enable them to cope with these problems of existence.”可以看出动物处于本能，“beavers build dams as homes, lions hunt for antelopes for food, and birds build nests to protect their young”，所以正确答案选B。
B10-5 Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Only humans can learn from experience.
B. Humans have much greater ability to solve problems with new methods.
C. Humans have more biological advantages than animals.
D. Humans and animals have nothing in common. 解析：动物通过学习也能掌握一定的经验，所以答案A是错误的，由文章最后一句看出答案C也是错误的，由句子“All animals, including human beings, have certain problems in common”可以看出答案D也是错误的，正确答案选B。
B11 I worked as a manager in a company for a number of years. I liked my job, and was doing well there, but our company was bought by a larger company and most of the managers at our place lost their jobs. That was when I d ecided to do something I'd always wanted to do ―become a freelance (自由撰稿的) writer. Changing professions (职业) has meant that my lifestyle has changed in a number of ways.
The main difference for me now is that I have a much more flexible (灵活的) schedule. I work about as much as I did before ―between 45 and 50 hours a week ―but my schedule is much less rigid than it used to be. Before, I worked from 8 to 5 every day, with a few extra hours on weekends. Now, however, I work when I feel like it. For instance, sometimes I work until midnight or 2 A.M., then sleep until noon. I really prefer this kind of schedule. It seems more natural to me.
I also decided that it was about time I began to pay more attention to my health. While I was working as a manager, I never exercised. I already felt tired after work, so I just came home in the evening and watched TV. However, last year I joined a health club and began to do regular exercise. As a result I have lost over 10 pounds and I feel much better. I've also started to eat more healthfully. I used to eat a lot of fast food, but now I do my own shopping. I buy lots of fruits and vegetables and cook them at home.
Of course, not all the changes have been that easy. For example, I don't feel as secure financially as I used to. When I was working as a manager, I never worried much about money. I could always count on getting my paycheck every two weeks. Working freelance, I don't have a regular paycheck. So now I have to make sure there's enough money until the next check arrives.
All in all, I really like my current lifestyle. Of course, that doesn't mean I'll never want to have a "regular" job. But for now, at least, it suits me.
B11-11 Why did the author decide to become a freelance writer?
A. He had always liked writing.
B. He was dissatisfied with his company.
C. He never liked his job as a manager.
D. He wanted to change his lifestyle.
解析：细节题。A“他喜欢写作”B“他不满意现在的公司”C“作为管理者他从来没有喜欢过他的工作”D“他想要改变他的生活方式”，从第一段“I'd always wanted to do –become a freelance (自由撰稿的) writer.”（我总是想去做——成为一个自由撰稿作家）可以看出，B、C、D和原文意思相违背，所以只有A“他总是喜欢写作”正确。
B11-11 What is the main difference the job change brought to the author?
A. He works fewer hours a week.
B. He does not have to work on weekends.
C. He can change his schedule as he likes.
D. He can work at night and sleep late.
解析：细节题。第二段都是在说作息时间表的变化和灵活多变，所以可以看出C“他能按他的喜好安排作息时间。”是正确的，正确答案为C。
B11-3 Why does the author do his own cooking now?
A. He wants to lose weight.
B. He has got lots of free time on his hands.
C. He no longer feels tired after work.
D. He wants to eat more healthfully. 、
解析：细节题。从第三段倒数第三句“I've also started to eat more healthfully.”（我也已经开始了更健康的饮食）可以得出，“他想要更健康的饮食”所以正确答案为D。
B11-4 What is his chief problem now?
A. He cannot count on his paycheck to arrive on time.
B. He has no regular work to do.
C. He has to find a publisher for his books.
D. He has to worry about money.
解析：细节题。从第四段第二句话可以看出“I don't feel as secure financially as I used to.”（我没有像过去一样感觉到财政上的无虑），所以正确答案为D“他不得不为了钱的事情担心”。
B11-5 At the end of the passage, the author indicates that _____.
A. he is going to find a regular job soon
B. he is not going to change his lifestyle in the near future
C. he will continue to write for the rest of his life
D. he will soon find out whether writing is a good career for him
解析：细节题。从最后一段可以看出“…I really like my current lifestyle …But for now, at least, it suits me.”（我真的喜欢当前的生活方式……至少到现在，这种方式是适合我的），只有B“在近阶段，他将不会去改变他的生活方式”符合原文，所以正确答案为B。