ENGLISH BOOK7 课后习题答案 (黄源深,朱种毅主编)

Lesson Eight

1.Discuss the metaphor of drama used by Cowley to describe the role of an old

person.

The author compares the old life to a drama, elderly people play a new role in it that must be improvised. That is because old age gives nobody any mental preparation to get oneself ready for it. What’s more, t he infirmities are likened to a prompter, reminding them of the fact that they are old and should behave like old people. This metaphor vividly shows the state of getting into the old age. And the author suggests that one has to act and response to old age although getting old may happen suddenly to him or her.

2.What is the implication of the metaphor?

The author uses this image of the captain who stands on the bridge of the ship and bravely defy against the overpowering force of the sea to analogize the elderly who refuse to surrender and stand up to the old age. He expresses his admiration for the captain as well as those old people. He implied that one should accept old age as a series of challenges instead of giving in.

3.H ow does the author explain and illustrate “the vices of age”? Does he offer

any explanation for the formation of such vices?

The author gives specific explanations for the three vices of age he listed--avarice, untidiness and vanity:

●Firstly, he explains avarice as the old people’s paranoiac insistence of hoarding

money through exemplification. He also discusses the reason for it-- the accumulation of money, which is regarded as a form of power by the elderly, can give them a sense of comfort.

●And secondly, as for untidiness, the author uses the story of Collyer to illustrate

the old persons’ habit of accumulating junks as well as the bad consequence of i t, and points out two reasons for the formation of it---laziness and their belief that things including their bodies, which were once useful, should be preserved.

●Finally, with regard to vanity, the author uses several examples of an athlete, a

physician, a judge and others to explain why it forms--with less expectation for the future, the elderly yearn for recognition of what they have been.

4. Tell how the tone and figures of speech used by Cowley describe the pleasure of sitting still.

1)The pleasure of sitting still is expressed in a tone of positive. The author

appreciates the relaxation, peace and tranquility of sitting still.

2)The figures of speech used by the author includes

●Analogy: draw an analogy between an old man sitting still and a snake on a

sun-warmed stone

●transferred epithet: a delicious feeling of indolence “delicious” is often used to

modify food, but here it is transferred to modify people’s feeling of indolence

●rhetorical question：but why, do they work so hard when the most they can hope

for is a longer obituary?

●Contrast: contrast between old people’s relaxation and young people’s suffering

of the competition with others

●Rhyme: scrounging and gouging

●Specific details

5. What are the physical compensations of old age and how does Cowley illustrate them?

1)Physical compensations are like dozing in the sun and the satisfaction of a few of

the simplest needs such as eating and sleeping.

2)Cowley illustrates them by exemplification, analogy, contrast and so on.

3)When it comes to illustrating the pleasure of sitting still, the author uses analogy

and contrast.

4)In order to illustrate the pleasure of eat and sleep, the author uses the example of

an old woman in nursing house who can only look forward to meals and sleep.

However, to young people, sleep is a mere interruption of their work.These are physical compensations of old age

6. Show how the analogy used in the poem “Terminus” helps convey its theme. 1)By analogizing one’s life to a voyage, the god of bounds to destiny, the finality

of life to the shore, one’s ambitions to the branches and roots, one’s horizons to the firmament, the author suggested some disadvantages of aging.

2)The god of destiny brings infirmity and senility which is a kind of restraint,

leaving elderly people unable to exert their strength and continue with their ambitions.

3)What’s more, he limit s old people’s imagination and creativity and finalizes

their death.

7. What does the writer think of giving up?

1) The writer thinks giving up is the greatest temptation of age. The givers-up

see no reason for working. They decide that their efforts are useless.

2) The author thinks that he hasn’t the right to blame them, not being able to put

himself in their shoes.

3) He sympathizes with their problems and understand their reasons for giving

up, but he admires those who accept old age as a series of challenges and make

some accomplishment.

8. What is the implication of the quotation from Paul Claudel as given in the last paragraph?

W hen a person gets into his old age, his body doesn’t function as well as before.

But if he has finished what he wants to say and do, he may still feel astonishingly well even with the infirmities brought by old age. Therefore, we ought to seize the chance to fight for our dreams when we are still young. And even when we get into our old age, we should accept old age as a series of challenges, try to outwit every new infirmity, overcome obstacles by force of will. In this way, we can fully enjoy our old age.

Lesson nine

1.How did the Marlboro image change before the Marlboro Man finally

emerged by 1963?

1)There was a time when the Marlboro image was a lady and always in plush,

upholstered surroundings.

2)Then in the 1950s Marlboro was given a new, masculine image----the tattooed

man.

3)By chance, the first tattooed man was a cowboy. Later, the tattooed man forsook

the range in pursuit of other manly vocations like explorers, sailors, athletes and an occasional tuxedoed but no less rugged gentleman.

4)In the early 1960s, the cowboy was promoted to supremacy over other tattooed

men.

5)By 1963 the tattoo had disappeared and the Marlboro Man had emerged as the

exclusive inhabitant of Marlboro commercials.

2.Is Marlboro Country reminiscent of a pastoral ideal or a primitive ideal?

What are the chief differences between the two?

1）Marlboro Country is reminiscent of a primitive ideal rather than a pastoral ideal. At first glance, Marlboro Country is similar to the pastoral ideal of a Salem country, but upon closer inspection, Marlboro Country is indeed the wilderness—violent, primitive, occasionally malevolent and incredible landscape of Montana.

2）Differences

（Surface differences:

Bucolic greenness vs. rough-hewn realism

Capricious gaiety vs. strident, robust brass）

Deep differences（主要的差异在这里）:

The pastoral ideal connotes a benign nature without conflict, danger and tension.

The primitive, on the other hand, is the wasteland that harms and makes demands upon its residents.

People who lives in pastoral ideal are never disturbed by complex forces of civilization or the arduous natural conditions while the Marlboro Man has to stand erect and vigilant and be a man of action and purpose.

3.In para 13-15, the author describes the M arlboro Man’s clothing, his habits

and even his face. What functions do these descriptive details perform in the analysis of Marlboro commercials?

1)The Marlboro Man epitomizes the primitive environment in which he lives.

The descriptive details of his clothing, his habits and even his face reflect the

competitive spirit required by the violent and primitive environment he lives

in.

2)The descriptive details show the innocence and individual efficacy of the

Marlboro Man. (For example, on Marlboro Man’s f ace, you cannot find the

expression of the civilized people; their shrewd and wise eyes, tightened skin, healthy appearance show that he has experienced hardships of life and has

the ability to face down the nature.)

3)The Marlboro commercials presents Marlboro Man as a cultural symbol

which speaks to the collective imagination of the American people and a

metaphor ready for merchandising.

4.In para 5 and 16, the author mentions that the Marlboro image is “a cultural

symbol.” What does he mean?

1)The Marlboro image is not a mere image used for tobacco advertising, it is a

cultural symbol which consists of two elements: the Marlboro Man and the Marlboro Country.

2)The Marlboro Man speaks of the collective imagination of the American people;

he remains untarnished by modern civilization and capable of facing down challenges, which speaks of innocence and individual efficacy as well as

independence and self-reliance.

3)The Marlboro Country symbolizes the virgin frontier and the primitive wilderness.

It becomes an environmental memoir which reminds Americans of where their ancestors have been and the experiences they got during the movement of Western Expansion.

5.Why does the author say “The Marlboro image represents escape, not from

the responsibilities of civilization, but from its frustrations.”

1)Because the Marlboro Man acquires vigilance, rigor and diligence required by

civilization. So he can face down challenging but intelligible tasks and front the essential facts of life as Thoreau said. And there is resolution and accomplishment in the reward. In this sense, he fulfills the responsibilities of civilization.

2)But the Marlboro Man stands apart from the modern encumbrances and is never

entwined in the machinery of institutions. He never feels the frustrations or the impotent desperation of unfulfilled in everything.

6.Discuss the higher meaning of Marlboro cigarettes.

1)What Marlboro cigarettes merchandise is not merely the tobacco or cigarettes but

the metaphors. It is the Marlboro image used by Marlboro cigarettes that has appealed successfully to the public. It has become a cultural symbol which speaks to the collective imagination of the American people.

2)It consists of two elements: the Marlboro Man and the Marlboro Country.

3)The Marlboro Man remains untarnished by modern civilization and capable of

facing down challenges, which speaks of innocence and individual efficacy as well as independence and self-reliance.

4)Marlboro Man leads modern American people away from their present

encumbrances towards an ideal that existed in history and now exists through the image of cowboy.

5)The Marlboro Country symbolizes the virgin frontier and the primitive wilderness.

It becomes an environmental memoir which reminds Americans of where their ancestors have been and invites them to indirectly return.

6)Therefore, Marlboro cigarettes are not merely a commodity to be sold but a

cultural symbol of American’s imagination of innocence, individual efficacy, competitive spirit and wilderness.

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Unit1 1、任何年满18岁得人都有资格投票。(be eligible to, vote) Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote、 2、每学期开学前，这些奖学金得申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for, scholarship) A form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to every student before the start of every semester、 3、遵照医生得建议，我决定戒烟。(on the advice of) On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking、 4、公园位于县城得正中央。(be located in) The park is located right in the center of town、 5、这所大学提供了我们所需得所有材料与设备。(facilities) The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire、 1、她们花了多年得时间寻找内心得平静，但就是收效甚微。(search for) They spent many years searching for peace of mind, but with little success、 2、这种新药得成功研制已经使许多疾病得治疗发生了根本性得变革。(revolutionize) The successful development of the new drug has revolutionized the treatment of many diseases、 3、由于这个国家得经济不景气，这家公司濒于破产。(on the edge of) The company is on the edge of bankruptcy due to the economic depression in the country、 4、大学毕业后她成为了一名护士。她认为护士这一职业可能很有发展前途。(rewarding) He became a nurse after college、He thought nursing could be a very rewarding career、 5、她像往常一样在文件上签了名。(just as) He signed his name on the paper just as he has always done it、 Unit2

专业英语课后习题答案

Lesson2 Exercises 1. Put the following into Chinese. （1）Ohm’s law states that the voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing through the resistor. The constant of proportionality is the resistance value of the resistor in ohms. 流过电路里电阻的电流，与加在电阻两端的电压成正比，与电阻的阻值成反比。这就是欧姆定律。 （2）Many materials, however, closely approximate an ideal linear resistor over a desired operating region. 不过，许多材料在规定的工作范围内非常接近理想线性电阻。 （3）It should be noted that an ideal voltage source (dependent or independent ) will produce any current required to ensure that the terminal voltage is as stated, whereas an ideal current source will produce the necessary voltage to ensure the stated current flow. 应该注意：一个理想电压源（独立或受控）可向电路提供任意电流以保证其端电压为规定值，而电流源可向电路提供任意电压以保证其规定电流。 （4）A different class of relationship occurs because of the restriction that some specific type of network element places on the variables. Still another class of relationship is one between several variable of the same type which occurs as the result of the network configuration, i. e., the manner in which the various element of the network are interconnected. 一种不同类型的关系是由于网络元件的某种特定类型的连接对变量的约束。另一类关系由于网络结构，即网络的不同元件互相连接的方式所产生的相同形式的一些变量间的关系。 （5）The thermal conductivity of metals is as much as several hundred times that of glass. 金属的导热率比玻璃高几百倍。 （6）Magnetic line of force will，whenever passible, travel through iron or other magnetic materials. 磁力线只要有可能就会通过铁或其它磁性材料。 （7）Actually, 0 o C is indeed the lower limit to temperatures capable of being attained. 事实上绝对零度确是所能达到的温度的最低限度。 2. Translate the following into English. （1）电路元件吸收或释放的功率为元件两端的电压与流过该元件电流的乘积。 The power absorbed or supplied by a circuit element is the product of the voltage across the element and the current through it. （2）理想独立电源是一个有源元件，它所提供的电压或电流不依赖于电路中其他变量。 An ideal independent source is an active element that provides a specified voltage or current that is completely independent of other circuit variables. （3）受控电源是一个有源元件，它所提供的电压或电流受电路中某部分电压或电流控制。 An ideal dependent (or controlled) source is an active element in which the source quantity is controlled by another voltage or current. （4）叠加定理为：线性电路中，任一电压或电流都是电路中各个独立电源单独作用时，在该处产生的电压或电流的叠加。 The superposition principle states that the voltage across (or current through) an element in a linear circuit is the algebraic sum of the voltages across (or current through) that element due to each independent source acting alone. （5）计算机可分为模拟计算机和数字计算机两种。Computers may be classfied as analog and digital．（6）新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了三分之二。The switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened three times． （7）超导体在电气应用上的重要性不能被估计过高。The importance of superconductor in the uses of electricity cannot be overestimated.

数学专业英语课后答案

2.1数学、方程与比例 词组翻译 1.数学分支branches of mathematics，算数arithmetics，几何学geometry，代数学algebra，三角学trigonometry，高等数学higher mathematics，初等数学elementary mathematics，高等代数higher algebra，数学分析mathematical analysis，函数论function theory，微分方程differential equation 2.命题proposition，公理axiom，公设postulate，定义definition，定理theorem，引理lemma，推论deduction 3.形form，数number，数字numeral，数值numerical value，图形figure，公式formula，符号notation(symbol)，记法/记号sign，图表chart 4.概念conception，相等equality，成立/真true，不成立/不真untrue，等式equation，恒等式identity，条件等式equation of condition，项/术语term，集set，函数function，常数constant，方程equation，线性方程linear equation，二次方程quadratic equation 5.运算operation，加法addition，减法subtraction，乘法multiplication，除法division，证明proof，推理deduction，逻辑推理logical deduction 6.测量土地to measure land，推导定理to deduce theorems，指定的运算indicated operation，获得结论to obtain the conclusions，占据中心地位to occupy the centric place 汉译英 （1）数学来源于人类的社会实践，包括工农业的劳动，商业、军事和科学技术研究等活动。 Mathematics comes from man’s social practice, for example, industrial and agricultural production, commercial activities, military operations and scientific and technological researches. （2）如果没有运用数学，任何一个科学技术分支都不可能正常地发展。 No modern scientific and technological branches could be regularly developed without the application of mathematics. （3）符号在数学中起着非常重要的作用，它常用于表示概念和命题。 Notations are a special and powerful tool of mathematics and are used to express conceptions and propositions very often. （4）17 世纪之前，人们局限于初等数学，即几何、三角和代数，那时只考虑常数。 Before 17th century, man confined himself to the elementary mathematics, i. e. , geometry, trigonometry and algebra, in which only the constants were considered. （5）方程与算数的等式不同在于它含有可以参加运算的未知量。 Equation is different from arithmetic identity in that it contains unknown quantity which can join operations. （6）方程又称为条件等式，因为其中的未知量通常只允许取某些特定的值。Equipment is called an equation of condition in that it is true only for certain values of unknown quantities in it. （7）方程很有用，可以用它来解决许多实际应用问题。