文档库 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档库 › 人教版选修6第二章《环境污染与防治》word同步测试

人教版选修6第二章《环境污染与防治》word同步测试

人教版选修6第二章《环境污染与防治》word同步测试
人教版选修6第二章《环境污染与防治》word同步测试

第二章环境污染与防治

单元测试

一、单项选择题(共50分,下列各题的四个备选项中,只有一个是正确的,多选、不选或错

选,该题不得分,选对一题得2分)

1.下列关于环境自净能力的说法不正确的是()

A.虽然环境有自净能力,但人类把废弃物直接排放到自然环境中后,仍会对环境造成危害

B.污染物进入水体后,经一系列物理、化学和生物过程所净化,成为净化的天然水

C.河道中适量的藻类和其它绿色植物通过光合作用可以对水体起到一定的净化作用

D.地理环境的净化作用是有限的,污染物的排放一旦超过其自净能力,环境将趋于恶化

2.下列关于不同水体自净能力的说法正确的是()

A.湖泊的自净能力比河流强

B.污染物进入河流后扩散快,流动的河水溶解氧多,污染物繁殖快

C.湖泊水流动性小,水中溶解氧多,污染物被氧化快

D.地下水的自净能力比湖泊和河流的自净能力都差

3. 日本九州南部熊本县水俣湾——震惊世界的水俣病是因为自污染源化工厂排放的污染物

(),经过海洋生物食物链富集放大后,进入人体而造成的严重危害。

A.氮和磷等

B.甲基汞

C.铅

D.氰化物

近年来赤潮在我国时有发生,当赤潮发生时,海水中的某些微小浮游生物大量繁殖,使水体呈现红紫等颜色,并对生物造成危害。据此完成4~6题:

4.下列说法中不正确的是()

A.赤潮是目前在全球较为普遍且日趋严重的水污染现象

B.含磷洗涤剂广泛使用与排放是发生赤潮的主要原因之一

C.在封闭的海湾容易发生赤潮

D.赤潮的发生是与人类活动无关的自然现象

5.形成“赤潮”的主要污染物为()A.重金属B.甲基汞

C.氮、磷等营养元素D.有机氯农药

6.在下列水域中最容易发生赤潮的是()A.杭州湾B.莱州湾C.辽东湾D.珠江口

7.处理污水时,要不要除去化合态磷,有以下几种意见,你认为正确的是()A.磷是植物生长的营养元素,不必除去

B.含磷废液是很好的肥料,不必处理

C.含磷污水排入自然水体中,能引起藻类繁殖,使水质变坏,必须除去

D.磷对生物无毒,除去与否都无关紧要

2004年12月7日21时35分,两艘外籍万吨级集装箱船在珠江口担杆岛东北约8海

里处发生碰撞,溢出燃油约450吨,造成我国最大的一次船舶碰撞溢油事故。交通部牵头全力组织清污,采用围油栏截污、向海上洒消油剂和吸油毡等来清除油污。据此回答8~9题:8.若泄油区内的鱼类迅速死亡,则有关鱼类死亡原因的叙述正确的是()

①油膜覆盖海面,水中异常黑暗,鱼类缺少必要的光照②油膜覆盖水面,海水中缺氧,

鱼类窒息③海水严重污染,鱼类中毒④石油比较黏稠,鱼类难以游动

A.①②B.①④C.②③D.①②③④

9.下列对油污的处理方案中,对海洋环境影响最小的是()A.喷洒强效洗涤剂,使油污迅速分散 B.利用吸油毡、麦秆等物质吸收,集中处理C.直接用燃烧法清除 D.播撒粉状石灰,使油污分散

随着近代工业和城市化的不断发展,城市垃圾数量不断增加,垃圾围城已成为严重的环境灾害之一。据此回答10~13题:

10.城市垃圾是指在生产建设、日常生活和其他活动中产生的污染环境的()A.水污染B.固体废弃物污染C.大气污染D.噪声污染

11.有资料统计,2000年中国城市垃圾清运量大约是13800 ×104t,这说明城市垃圾的什么特点?

()

A.数量大B.品种多C.变化大D.危害持久

12.随着生活水平的提高与新产品的推广,电脑等废旧产品也加入了城市垃圾的行列。这主要反映了城市垃圾的什么特点?()A.数量不断增大B.品种不断增多C.变化大D.治理越来越困难13.下列关于垃圾的说法不正确的是()A.传统上用垃圾和粪便堆肥,再撒回土壤,使有机质回到土壤,且不会造成环境污染B.随着科技发展,人类已大大提高了环境的自净能力,难处理的垃圾种类与总量日益减少C.垃圾占据了大量土地,并持续向水、大气释放有害物质,危及人体健康

D.由于垃圾污染不断严重,很多郊区农民已公开“拒绝垃圾”

14.下列关于城市垃圾产生影响的叙述,正确的是()A.垃圾中的细微颗粒,在大风吹动下会随风飘逸和扩散,不会造成对大气环境的污染B.直接把垃圾倾倒于湖泊中使水体受到污染、湖泊的有效面积缩减,调蓄能力降低C.垃圾若经风化、雨雪淋溶和地表径流的侵蚀后,将不会对植物造成危害

D.医院废弃物若已经经过消毒处理,则可以任意堆放,不会给人类健康带来危害15.城市环境问题已日益引起人们的重视,下列叙述中属于城市环境问题的是()A.城市上空大气中硫氧化物、氮氧化物含量增加

B.城市用水短缺,水荒已日益困扰城市

C.建设大城市周围的卫星城镇

D.搞好城市规划,加强城市管理

读2003~2004年北京a、b、c三种主要大气

污染的各月污染指数变化情况示意图(图中大气

污染的浓度越高,污染指数越大,则空气的质量越差),回答16~18题。

16.如果影响北京空气质量的污染物主要是下列选项的四种,则据图判断其首要污染物是

()A.一氧化碳B.二氧化氮

C.二氧化硫D.可吸入颗粒物

17.下列关于造成这种污染物成为不少城市的主要空气污染物原因的叙述不正确的是()A.有些地区土地荒漠化加剧

B.城市汽车数量猛增,尾气排放缺乏标准或不达标

C.发达国家把污染转嫁于发展中国家

D.近年来工程建筑较多,工地扬起大量的扬尘

18.根据下图判断,北京四日气温垂直分布状况图中,近地面空气质量问题最严重的是()A.T1 日B.T2 日C.T3 日D.T4 日

阅读以下材料,回答19~22题。

材料一:像粮食和蔬菜一样,二氧化硫的排放指

标已开始成为合法交易的商品。迄今为止已有25000

吨二氧化硫的排放指标在我国四省三市(江苏,山东、

河南、山西,上海、天津和柳州)进行了交易,交易

额超过2000万元。排污权交易机制(指政府在对污染

排放总量限定的情况下,允许污染排放量大的企业向

污染排放量小的企业购买排放指标)已在我国初步形

成。

材料二:全国酸雨分布图

19.酸雨是指PH值小于()的降水。

A.7 B.4.5 C.5.6 D.6.5

20.材料一中所列省市,处于重酸雨区的是()A.上海B.河南C.台湾D.山东

21.从长远看,“排污权交易机制”的运行将会()A.造成环境质量的进一步恶化B.鼓励企业追求生产工艺的环保化

C.使排污量大的企业获得更大收益D.企业的经济效益下降

22.我国南方多重酸雨区最主要的原因是()A.有色金属冶炼工业发达B.地形有利于酸性气体的扩散

C.雨水丰沛且降水强度大D.纬度低太阳紫外线辐射强

23.下列有关酸雨的叙述,正确的是()A.使土壤酸化,影响微生物的活性,增加土壤肥力

B.我国的酸雨主要碳酸型酸雨

C.酸雨腐蚀石材、钢材,造成建筑物、铁轨、桥梁和文物古迹的损坏,并危害人体健康D.防治酸雨的根本途径是减少二氧化碳和氧化氮的排放

24.下面结构关系的分析,错误的是()

A.回收废气SO2制硫酸,减少空气污染

B.冷却水含有大量有害物质,不能供职工日常洗涤

C.该模式可大幅度降低电能消耗,符合可持续发展

D.炼焦厂废气不回收,浪费资源并污染环境

25.下列措施中,不利于保护和改善北京城市环境的是()

A.大力推广高效清洁能源

B.广建大型游乐场

C.积极扩大绿化面积,最大限度地减少裸露地面

D.加快环行道路建设

二、综合演练与思维拓展(本题共3小题,共计50分)

26.(18分)阅读图文,回答问题:

1998年3月,装载近19万立方

米原油的油轮,在美国阿拉斯加瓦

尔迪兹以南的威廉王子海峡触礁

(见右图)。大约4万立方米原油

泄入海中。油层覆盖面积达3800平

方千米,导致300万只海鸟死亡。

清污工作历时6个月之久,耗资6.5

亿美元,但据专家估计,这其中只有10%的地区适合生物生存,因此,原油泄漏的影响将一直持续很多年。

(1)从上述事例中可看出,沿海工业生产和____________是海洋石油污染的主要来源。

(2)海域遭受了石油污染,海洋将被破坏,从而影响生存,

因此,也是目前治理海洋污染的重点。

(3)石油污染导致海鸟死亡,其主要原因是:______________ _ ___。

(4)阿拉斯加的油轮泄漏事件中的清污方法,能否采取喷洒强效洗涤剂使石油分散的清污方法?__ _____,原因是___________________________。

(5)此次石油泄漏,污染物将随洋流向外扩散。请在图上画出箭头表示油膜扩散方向。

并回答,洋流对海洋污染的影响是_____________ ______________。27.(17分)阅读材料和图表,回答:

垃圾已成为城市又一个突出的

环境问题。目前,城市周边地区的

垃圾堆越来越多,不仅占用大量土

地,而且污染周围环境。其出路何

在?这已引起有识之士的思考。

(1)目前,许多城市对垃圾采

用填埋方式处理,该方式简便、省钱,但存在着明显的不足。你认为存在哪些不足

之处?

(2)法国有位哲人说:“垃圾是摆错了位置的财富。”对此,你如何理解?

(3)上图表示的是上海市生活垃圾分类收集后处理系统示意图,在以下备选答案中选择正确选项,填入相应方框内。A.肥料B.做工业原料C.填埋、焚烧或循环利用

D.回收处理

①,②,③,④。(填字母)

28.(15分)读图“各大洲进入大气层的硫、氮人为排放量(1989年)”,回答下列问题。

(1)图中所示硫、氮污染物的人为排放量与人均能源消费量和__________生产规模密切相关。从与人类活动的关系角度来看,北半球这两种污染物主要排放地区是______ 和______ 地区。

(2)这些污染物与大气中的水汽相结合,形成_________污染。这种污染对环境可能造成哪些影响?

(3)我国酸雨分布的变化:20世纪80年代酸雨多出现在地区,90年代扩大到以南、青藏高原以东,目前,其分布已扩展到和地

区。据调查显示,我国酸雨区的面积占国土面积的%以上。

参考答案

一、单项选择题(共50分,下列各题的四个备选项中,只有一个是正确的,多选、不选或错

二、综合演练与思维拓展(本题共3小题,共计50分)

26.(18分,每空2分)(1)海运航线上的船舶(2)生态环境海洋生物石油泄漏

(3)油层覆盖海面,影响太阳辐射和氧气交换(4)不能

5)(向西扩散,图略)加快了净化速度,但扩大了污染范围

27.(17分)

(1)(6分,每条2分)占用大量土地;污染土壤、地下水;垃圾产生沼气,如不及时

收集输出利用,容易发生爆炸事件等

(2)(3分)垃圾中有许多可回收利用的资源

(3)(8分)①D ②B ③A ④C

28.(15分)

(1)工业(2分)人口稠密区(1分)主要工业分布(1分) (2)酸雨(2分)

使河湖水酸化,影响鱼类生长繁殖,乃至大量死亡;使土壤酸化,造成养分淋失,影响微生物的活性,使土壤肥力降低,导致农作物减产;腐蚀树叶,使光合作用受阻,影响森林生长,林木成片死亡;腐蚀石材、钢材,造成建筑物、铁轨、桥梁和文物古迹的损坏。(4分)

(3)西南(1分)长江(1分)华北(1分)东北(1分)30(1分)

人教版高中化学选修六全套课后练习题及答案解析

1.对危险化学药品要在包装标签上印有警示性标志。氢氧化钠溶液应选用的标志是() 【解析】氢氧化钠溶液具有强腐蚀性。 【答案】D 2.下列说法正确的是() ①氧化性:亚甲基蓝>亚甲基白 ②氧化性:亚甲基白>亚甲基蓝 ③还原性:亚甲基白>亚甲基蓝 ④还原性:亚甲基蓝>亚甲基白 A.①③B.①④ C.②③D.②④ 被葡萄糖还原 【解析】亚甲基蓝 亚甲基白。 被氧气氧化 【答案】A 3.下列关于实验室一般事故的预防和处理方法正确的是()

A.燃着的酒精灯打翻失火,应立即用水浇灭 B.少量酸或碱滴到实验台上,立即用湿抹布擦净,再用水冲洗 C.金属镁着火时,可用干冰灭火器来扑灭 D.蒸发食盐溶液时,发生液滴飞溅现象,应立即加水冷却 【答案】B 4.(2013·日照高二期末)下列选用的相关仪器符合实验要求的是() 【解析】浓硝酸具有强氧化性,不能用橡胶塞,一般用玻璃塞且用细口瓶;水和乙酸乙酯互不相溶,用分液漏斗分离;用量筒量取液体只能精确到0.1 mL;向试管中放块状固体时,应遵循“一平二放三滑入”的原则。 【答案】B 5.以下各种尾气吸收装置中,适合于吸收易溶性气体,而且能防止倒吸的是()

【解析】A、B装置不能使气体流入;C装置极易发生倒吸;D能使气体溶解,且球形干燥管的“球形”部分能起到防止倒吸的作用。 【答案】D 6.下列蓝瓶子实验,振荡周期最短的是() 水葡萄糖 0.1%亚 甲基蓝NaO H溶 液 温度 A50 mL 1.5 g8滴 2 mL40 ℃ B50 mL 1.5 g10滴 2 mL40 ℃ C50 mL 1.5 g8滴 2 mL25 ℃ D50 mL 1.5 g10滴 2 mL25 ℃【解析】温度高,反应速率快,振荡周期短,C、D两项被排除;亚甲基蓝含量越少,越容易被还原,振荡周期越短,所以选A项。 【答案】A 7.(2010·上海高考)下列实验操作或实验事故处理正确的是()

高二英语人教版选修六第三单元学案 答案

ban doing sth. /ban…from sth./doing sth.禁止做某事 a ban on 关于……的禁令 put a ban on….发布禁令 一、词汇变形 Book6 Unit3 A healthy life 词汇导学案 1. use(n./v.)---abuse(n./v.)滥用 2. fit(adj.)---fitness(n.)健康---unfit(adj.) 3.stress(n.)---stressful(adj.)---stressed(adj.) 4. addicted(adj.)---addiction(n.) 上瘾 5. automatic(adj.)---automatically(adv.)自动的 6.mental(adj.)---mentally(adv.)精神上的 7. effect(n.)---effective(adj.)---effectively(adv.) 8. normal(adj.)正常的---abnormal(adj.) 9. breath(n.)---breathe(v.)---breathless(adj.) 10. strong(adj.)---strength(n.)---strengthen(v.) 11. resolve(n.)---resolution(n.)解决,决心 12. relax(v.)---relaxed/relaxing(adj.) ---relaxation(n.)放松,消遣 13.desperate(adj.)---desperately(adv.)绝望地二、重点单词 1. abuse v&n 滥用; 虐待; 辱骂 14. chemistry(n.)---chemist(n.)药剂师,化学家 15. disappoint(v.)--- disappointment(n.)失望 ---disappointed/disappointing(adj.)失望的16.weak(adj.)--weakness(n.)---weaken(v.)削弱17.ashamed(adj.)羞愧的--shame(n.)羞愧,遗憾 -shameless(adj.)无耻的--shameful(adj.)可耻的18.illegal(adj.)-legal(adj.)合法的--legally(adv.) 19.rob(v.)---robber(n.)---robbery(n.)抢劫20.slip(v.)---slippery(adj.)滑的 21. survive(v.)幸存---survival(n.)--survivor(n.) 22. inject(v.)---injection(n.)注射 23. judge(v.)---judgement(n.)判断 24. embarrass(v.)---embarrassed/embarrassing ---embarrassment(n.)尴尬 v n 滥用 abuse one’s power ____ abuse one’s trust /confidence ___ abuse alcohol/drugs__ the abuse of power____ _ alcohol/drug abuse ___ 虐待 abuse children___ _ child abuse____ _ 辱骂 (un) scream abuse___ _ 2. ban n.&v.禁止;取缔;禁令(say officially that sth is not allowed ) 1) He was banned from ____ _(drive) for 6 months. 2) He started a campaign to ban ____ _ _(smoke) in public places. 3)Our government has put a ban _____ plastic bags. 3. s tress n. 压力; 重要性 vt.重读;强调 stressful 产生压力的 stressed 感到压力的 relieve/reduce/ease/ lessen/lighten stress 缓解压力 under stress/pressure 在压力下 stress the importance of 强调...的重要性 place/lay/put stress on sth.着重强调某事 =attach great importance to sth =put emphasis on sth. 1) *The government should organize varieties of activities to___ _(强调 的重要性) protecting and improving human environment. 4. quit 停止(做某事); 离开 (quit/quitted; quit/quitted) ?离开(工作职位,学校等);离任 quit school 辍学quit office 离职 quit one’s job ?停止;戒掉 quit doing sth. quit the habit ?迁出;搬离 quit the city 1) You must quit __ (smoke) at once for the benefit of you and your family. 2) Sally found that a class full of problems was waiting for her. She was told six teachers _ _______ (quit) before her.

人教高中英语选修六第一二单元测试卷带答案

S6 unit1—unit2 阅读: a People are more likely to wash their hands properly after using the toilet if they are shamed into it or think they are being watched, scientists said on Thursday. Hand-washing is the cheapest way of controlling disease but less than one third of men and two thirds of women wash their hands with soap after going to the toilet, a British study by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine showed. But when prompted by an electronic message flashing up on a board asking: "Is the person next to you washing with soap?," around 12 percent more men and 11 percent more women used soap. Health authorities around the world are stepping up efforts to persuade people t o be more hygienic and wash their hands properly to help slow the spread of H1N1 swine flu, which was declared a pandemic(大流行病) by the World Health Organization in June. "Hand-washing with soap has been ranked the most effective way for the worldwide control of disease," the study's authors wrote. "It could save more than a million lives a year from diarrhoeal diseases, and prevent respiratory(呼吸) infections -- the biggest causes of child mortality(死亡)in developing countries." In developed nations, hand-washing can help prevent the spread of viral infections like flu and sickness and diarrhea bugs like norovirus and rotavirus, as well as hospital-acquired infections like MRSA and C-difficile, the authors said. The researchers studied the behavior of a quarter of a million people using toilets at motorway service stations in Britain over 32 days.Use of soap was monitored by sensors. The study, published in the American Journal of Public Health to mark Global Hand-washing Day, showed that with no reminders, 32 percent of men and 64 percent of women used soap. 1.In which of the following situation can people wash their hands properly? A.After they going to toilet B.when they think they are being watched. C.When they think their hands are dirty. D.When they find soap nearby. 2.Which of the following is the main advantage of hand-washing? A.people can always get their hands clean. B.People can save a lot of time and water.C.It is the cheapest way of controlling disease. D.It wastes no any time and energy. 3.What is the biggest cause of child death in developing countries? A.respiratory infections. B .diarrhoeal diseases. C.H1N1swine flu. D.hospital-acquired infections. 4.Which of the following is true according to the seventh paragraph? A.Hand-washing is popular in the developed countries. B.They authorities persuaded the people to wash their hands daily. C.More and more people know to wash their hands properly. D.The spread of viral infections is a serious problem. 5.We can conclude from the passage that _______. A.Most people wash their hands after going to toilet B.Many people can not wash their hands properly. C.Few people know Global Hand-washing Day. D.H1N1 swine flu was declared a pandemic. II单选: 6.—Will you join us in the game? —Thank you, A.but why not? B.but I’d rather not. C.and I won’t D.and I’ll join. 7.---Could you turn the TV down a little bit? ---______.Is it disturbing you? A.Take it easy.B.I’m sorry. C.Not a bit D.It depends

人教版高中英语选修六测试题及答案

人教版高中英语选修六测试题及答案 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.What time is it in New York? A.It's 5 p.m. B.It's 7 p.m. C.It's 10 p.m. 2.When did the man buy his ticket? A.Last weekend. B.Just before the concert. C.The day before the concert. 3.What does the man want to do? A.Borrow a book. B.Buy a book on the Internet. C.Return a book to the library. 4.Where does this conversation probably take place? A.In a café. B.At a hotel. C.At the man's house. 5.What does the man think the woman should do? A.Cancel her trip to Spain. B.Speak out how she feels. C.Go to another country. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、

2017-2018学年高二英语外研版选修六习题:单元卷2 Word版含答案

单元质量检测(二) (时间:100分钟满分:120分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。 A

1.If you want to be at the Museum of Cycladic Art for the longest opening hours, you should go ________. A.on Tuesday B.on Thursday C.on Friday D.on Saturday 2.The museum you can enter for free on its workdays is ________. A.the Museum of Cycladic Art B.the Jewish Museum of Greece C.the Municipal Gallery of Athens D.the National Historical Museum 3.What number should you call for more information about the Jewish Museum of Greece? A.(210)3237617. B.(210)3225582. C.(210)3231841. D.(210)7228321. B

Nelle Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926, in Monroeville, Alabama. As a child, Harper Lee was a tomboy (假小子). She fought on the playground. She talked back to teachers, and she was bored with school. In high school Lee was lucky enough to have a gifted English teacher, Gladys Watson Burkett, who made her fall in love with literature and taught her h ow to write well. There Lee loved nineteenth-century British authors best, and once said that her dream was to become “the Jane Austen of South Alabama”.After leaving high school, she went to the University of Alabama. There she found a second home on the campus newspaper. Eventually she became editor-in-chief of the Rammer Jammer, a quarterly humor magazine on campus. She entered the law school, but she loathed it. Despite her father's hope that she would become a local attorney (律师) like her sister Alice, Lee went to New York for her writing. She spent eight years working small jobs before she finally showed a manuscript (手稿) to Tay Hohoff, an editor at J.B. Lippincott. At this point, it was more like a string of stories than the novel that Lee wanted to write. Under Hohoff's guidance, two and a half years of rewriting followed. Finally the novel was ready for publication. To Kill a Mockingbird was published in 1960 to highly favorable reviews and quickly climbed the bestseller lists, where it remained for eighty-eight weeks. In 1961, the novel won the Pulitzer Prize. To Kill a Mockingbird has sold more than thirty million copies in eighteen languages. In 2011, President Obama awarded Nelle Harper Lee the National Medal of Arts. 4.When Nelle Harper Lee was a little girl, she ________. A.loved reading very much B.was loved by all her teachers C.read some of Jane Austen's novels D.was naughty and liked breaking rules 5.What kind of role did Gladys Watson Burkett play in Nelle Harper Lee's life? A.She recommended her to some living authors. B.She made her become a popular girl. C.She inspired her to write her novel. D.She introduced her to literature.

高中历史 5.9《清新典雅的皖南古村落》教案 新人教版选修6 (2)

2015年高中历史 5.9《清新典雅的皖南古村落》教案新人教版选修 6 教学目标 (一)知识与能力 1、了解绚丽多彩的皖南古民居。 2、探讨文化与自然、人与环境之间的关系。 (二)过程与方法 1、通过对图片、录像、文字材料的分析,培养学生的分析、比较、归纳、概括能力,使学生学会透过现象看本质。 2、培养学生的探究学习能力:通过让学生自觉参与学习过程的各个环节,充分发挥其探寻未知事物的主动性,激发学生发现问题、解决问题的欲望,从而真正实现学生的发展。 3、突出三个结合:体验学习与探究学习的结合;个体学习与合作学习的结合;思想性与时代性的结合。 (三)情感、态度与价值观 1、感悟皖南古村落作为世界文化遗产的价值所在。 2、学习和借鉴世界文化遗产的文明成果。 3、引导学生提出保护世界文化遗产的建议和措施。重视历史学科作为人文学科的特有功能,关注学生情感教育,强调人文精神的培养。 教学重点与难点 (一)教学重点 西递、宏村村落水系的特点;徽派建筑艺术的文化内涵。 (二)教学难点 西递、宏村是如何体现文化与自然、人与环境的完美结合的;徽派建筑所体现的深厚的文化内涵 教学方法 主要采用情境讨论式教学法、启发式谈话法。由浅入深,由表及里,多角度多层面地开拓学生的思维,师生共同构建完整的知识体系。教师通过创设情境,提出问题,激发学生学习和探究的兴趣;学生通过独立思考、分组讨论、合作探究、体验交流等方式自主参与学习过程;注重师生互动,共同享受学习成果;在不断解决问题的过程中发展智力,培养能力,提高综合素质 教学设计思路 立足课标,根据学情,整合教材,打破教材原有的结构体系,按照游览的时空顺序,由远及近,由表及里,由浅入深,从远眺、近看、纵观、透视四个角度,全面、具体、深入、细致地了解、欣赏、感受、品味西递、宏村。在每一个视角中,又分为了解、体验和探究、感悟两个层次。这样,纵横交错,经纬结合,形成系统的网状知识结构。

高中化学选修3知识点总结

高中化学选修3知识点总结 二、复习要点 1、原子结构 2、元素周期表和元素周期律 3、共价键 4、分子的空间构型 5、分子的性质 6、晶体的结构和性质 (一)原子结构 1、能层和能级 (1)能层和能级的划分 ①在同一个原子中,离核越近能层能量越低。 ②同一个能层的电子,能量也可能不同,还可以把它们分成能级s、p、d、f,能量由低到高依次为s、p、d、f。 ③任一能层,能级数等于能层序数。 ④s、p、d、f……可容纳的电子数依次是1、3、5、7……的两倍。 ⑤能层不同能级相同,所容纳的最多电子数相同。 (2)能层、能级、原子轨道之间的关系 每能层所容纳的最多电子数是:2n2(n:能层的序数)。 2、构造原理 (1)构造原理是电子排入轨道的顺序,构造原理揭示了原子核外电子的能级分布。 (2)构造原理是书写基态原子电子排布式的依据,也是绘制基态原子轨道表示式的主要依据之一。

(3)不同能层的能级有交错现象,如E(3d)>E(4s)、E(4d)>E(5s)、E(5d)>E(6s)、E(6d)>E(7s)、E(4f)>E(5p)、E(4f)>E(6s)等。原子轨道的能量关系是:ns<(n-2)f <(n-1)d <np (4)能级组序数对应着元素周期表的周期序数,能级组原子轨道所容纳电子数目对应着每个周期的元素数目。 根据构造原理,在多电子原子的电子排布中:各能层最多容纳的电子数为2n2 ;最外层不超过8个电子;次外层不超过18个电子;倒数第三层不超过32个电子。 (5)基态和激发态 ①基态:最低能量状态。处于最低能量状态的原子称为基态原子。 ②激发态:较高能量状态(相对基态而言)。基态原子的电子吸收能量后,电子跃迁至较高能级时的状态。处于激发态的原子称为激发态原子。 ③原子光谱:不同元素的原子发生电子跃迁时会吸收(基态→激发态)和放出(激发态→较低激发态或基态)不同的能量(主要是光能),产生不同的光谱——原子光谱(吸收光谱和发射光谱)。利用光谱分析可以发现新元素或利用特征谱线鉴定元素。 3、电子云与原子轨道 (1)电子云:电子在核外空间做高速运动,没有确定的轨道。因此,人们用“电子云”模型来描述核外电子的运动。“电子云”描述了电子在原子核外出现的概率密度分布,是核外电子运动状态的形象化描述。 (2)原子轨道:不同能级上的电子出现概率约为90%的电子云空间轮廓图称为原子轨道。s电子的原子轨道呈球形对称,ns能级各有1个原子轨道;p电子的原子轨道呈纺锤形,n p能级各有3个原子轨道,相互垂直(用p x、p y、p z表示);n d能级各有5个原子轨道;n f能级各有7个原子轨道。 4、核外电子排布规律 (1)能量最低原理:在基态原子里,电子优先排布在能量最低的能级里,然后排布在能量逐渐升高的能级里。 (2)泡利原理:1个原子轨道里最多只能容纳2个电子,且自旋方向相反。 (3)洪特规则:电子排布在同一能级的各个轨道时,优先占据不同的轨道,且自旋方向相同。 (4)洪特规则的特例:电子排布在p、d、f等能级时,当其处于全空、半充满或全充满时,即p0、d0、f0、p3、d5、f7、p6、d10、f14,整个原子的能量最低,最稳定。 能量最低原理表述的是“整个原子处于能量最低状态”,而不是说电子填充到能量最低的轨道中去,泡利原理和洪特规则都使“整个原子处于能量最低状态”。 电子数 (5)(n-1)d能级上电子数等于10时,副族元素的族序数=n s能级电子数 (二)元素周期表和元素周期律 1、元素周期表的结构 元素在周期表中的位置由原子结构决定:原子核外的能层数决定元素所在的周期,原子的价电子总数决定元素所在的族。 (1)原子的电子层构型和周期的划分 周期是指能层(电子层)相同,按照最高能级组电子数依次增多的顺序排列的一行元素。即元素周期表中的一个横行为一个周期,周期表共有七个周期。同周期元素从左到右(除稀有气体外),元素的金属性逐渐减弱,非金属性逐渐增强。 (2)原子的电子构型和族的划分 族是指价电子数相同(外围电子排布相同),按照电子层数依次增加的顺序排列的一列元素。即元素周期表中的一个列为一个族(第Ⅷ族除外)。共有十八个列,十六个族。同主族周期元素从上到下,元素的金属性逐渐增强,非金属性逐渐减弱。 (3)原子的电子构型和元素的分区 按电子排布可把周期表里的元素划分成5个区,分别为s区、p区、d区、f区和ds区,除ds区外,区的名称来自按构造原理最后填入电子的能级的符号。 2、元素周期律

人教版高中英语选修6unit3知识点+练习

Unit 3 词汇: 1.abuse n./v.滥用;虐待 drug abuse 吸毒 be badly abused 被虐待 abuse of power 滥用权力 2.stress n. 压力;重音 v. 加压力于;使紧张 lay/put/place stress on 把重点放在??上;强调 under the stress of 为??所迫 stress the importance of 强调??的重要 性 单项填空 Things can easily go wrong when people are under ________. A . stress B.weight C.load D.strength Some schools _________________( 重视)foreign language education 3.ban v. 禁止;取缔n. 禁令 be banned from doing sth.被禁止做某事 there be a ban on... 禁止;禁令 4. quit v. 停止 (做某事 );离开 quit doing sth.停止做某事 quit office/one's job离职 quit oneself of sth. = be quit of sth. 摆脱某事 单项填空 He decided to ________ the position after quarreling with the manager. A . stop B . block C . loosen D. quit 5. effect n. 结果;效力 have a good/bad effect on 对??有好 / 坏的 影响 be of no effect 没效果;无用 take effect(法律 )生效; (药 )奏效 bring/put ...into effect 实施 come/go into effect 生效 in effect 事实上;在实施;生效 side effect 副作用 6. desperate adj. 不顾一切的;绝望的 be desperate for 极需要??;极向往?? be desperate to do sth. 非常想做某事 dosth. desperately 拼命地做某事in desperation 绝望地;不顾一切地;拼命地7. disappointed adj. 失望的;沮丧的 be disappointed about/at/in... 对??感到失望 be disappointed to do 做某事失望 be disappointed that... 感到失望?? be disappointing 令人失望的 disappoint sb. 使某人失望 to one's disappointment 令人失望的是 8 ashamed adj. 感到惭愧;羞耻的 be ashamed that... 对??感到羞耻;感到羞愧的是 feel/be ashamed of 对??感到惭愧 feel/be ashamed for sb. 替某人感到羞愧 be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做某事 be ashamed of oneself 为自己感到惭愧 It's a shame that...遗憾?? What a shame that...多么??遗憾 (1)She ____________________________ (因考试不及格而感到羞愧). (2)I________________________( 不好意思 寻求帮助 ). (3)________________( 真是太遗憾了 )that you can’t stay with us. 9.due to 由于??(不置于句首 ) be due to do sth. 预期做某事 be due for sth. 应有;得到 be due to (doing) sth./ sb.归因于(做)某事/某人 1)The meeting_______________________( 预定到 3 点钟才开始 ). (2)His absence_______________________( 因为暴雨). 10.be/become addicted to 对??有瘾。后接 doing addict oneself to 沉迷于;醉心于 addiction to... 对??上瘾;习惯于 a video game addict 游戏迷 (1)He ______________________( 对毒品已严重上瘾了 ). (2)Kids ________________________( 迷上电脑游戏 )are often upset. 11. be/get/become accustomed to习惯

人教版高中英语选修六(课标卷)综合检测2

高中英语学习材料 madeofjingetieji 综合检测(二) Unit 2Poems (时间:100分钟;满分:120分)Ⅰ.单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满 分15分) 1.(2013·汾阳高二检测)The United States________50 states while China________34 provinces. A.forms of;consists of B.consists of;is made up of C.is made up;consists of D.is formed;is made up of 2.(2013·荆州高二检测)The bride and bridegroom were________wedding gifts when all lights went out and the hall fell into completely darkness. A.presenting B..exchanging C.offering D.changing 3.We were short of water but could________another day. A.hold out B.hold out for C.hold out on D.hold on 4.—What's up,Mum? —Your room is ________.You'd better get it tidied up. A.out of sight B.in a mess C.at sea D.in the dark 5.The teacher stressed again that the students should not ________ any important details while retelling the story. A.bring out B.let out C.leave out D.make out

人教版高中历史选修六第一单元《全人类共同的宝贵财富——世界文化遗产》单元测试题(解析版)

第一单元《全人类共同的宝贵财富——世界文化遗产》单元测试题 一、选择题(每小题只有一个正确答案) 1.世界遗产委员会有责任对各国的世界遗产进行监测,问题严重的遗产项目将被( ) A.列入《世界遗产名录》 B.列入《世界遗产公约》 C.列入《濒危世界遗产名录》 D.直接取消世界遗产资格 2.保护文化环境和自然环境是人类面前的一个重大课题。世界遗产面临的威胁有( ) ①工业化浪潮②自然灾害③城市化④战争 A.①②③④ B.②③④ C.①②④ D.①③④ 3.根据《世界遗产公约》,缔约国应该( ) A.就本国的世界遗产的保护状况提交定期的报告 B.就本国的文化遗产的保护状况提交定期的报告 C.就本国的自然遗产的保护状况提交定期的报告 D.就本国的所有遗产的保护状况提交定期的报告 4.关于《世界遗产公约》,以下说法错误的是( ) A.是联合国教科文化组织倡议签署的 B.各缔约国负有保护本国文化和自然遗产的责任 C.《世界遗产名录》中的遗产,作为全人类的共同财富 D.为保证《世界遗产公约》的实施,成立世界遗产中心 5.列入《世界遗产名录》的文化或自然遗产应具备的必要条件是( ) A.具有突出的普遍价值 B.属于濒危的文化或自然遗产 C.广为人知的文化或自然遗产 D.见证了人类历史发展的古迹 6.中国拥有辉煌灿烂的文化成就和丰富多样的自然景观,中国宝贵遗产的保护情况和成果有 ( ) ①1985年成为《世界遗产公约》的缔约国 ②是独一无二的拥有世界遗产类型最齐全的国家 ③是拥有文化和自然双重遗产数量最多的国家 ④北京是世界上拥有世界遗产最多的城市 ⑤是名副其实的世界遗产大国 A.①②③④ B.②③④⑤ C.①②③④⑤ D.①②④⑤ 7.完整性是登录《世界遗产名录》的基本条件和保护原则之一。下列对文化遗产完整性的理解,

人教版高中英语选修6第三单元测试(无答案)

期末复习选修六·Unit 3 Ⅰ.单项填空 1.We always consider ________ a great personality that no matter how many sufferings one has experienced,one's original pursuit of love and truth is still not moved. A.it B.This C that D.one 2.________ doesn't matter much whether he'll come to the party. A.This B.It C.That D.What 3.Since our country has so many good table tennis players,we have to ________ the best ones to take part in the game. A rely on B.depend on C.judge on D.decide on 4.Why don't you bring ________ to his attention that you are too busy to go skating with him? A.one B.That C.it D.yourself 5.They couldn't run the ________ of letting an incredible person take charge of the factory. A.risk B.Danger C.chance D.trouble 6.The new survey shows that the number of students ______ computer games has been on the increase in recent years. A.devoted to B.related to C.connected to D.addicted to 7.The old man said the accident happened ________ careless driving,so a large sum of money ________ be paid by the driver. A was due to; was due to B.due to; was due to C.is due to; has due to D.is due to; was due to 8.Some people ________ land because they regard it as a commodity belonging to them. A.employ B.adopt C.abuse D.instruct 9.Jim was ________ to have troubled me with so many questions. A.guilty B.crazy C.miserable D.ashamed 10.When I began to sing,he laughed and made me ________. A.confused B.nervous C.shameful D.embarrassed 11.Accustomed to ________ the steep mountains,he had no difficulty reaching the top. A.climbing B.climb C.having climbed D.have climbed 12.She recommended this product to me so ________ that I was not able to resist her ________ arguments. A.strongly; powerful B.hardly; strong C.greatly; dynamic D.desperately; reliable 13.Her mother ________ the girl to leave the house before she had finished her homework. A.prevented B.banned C.forbade D.prohibited 14.The book on health has ________ on the children as ________ as the old. A.a good effect; good B.a positive effect; well C.a good affect; well D.affect; well 15.In her ________,we shouldn't change our plans. A.ideal B.guesswork C.justice D.judgment Ⅱ.阅读理解 Picking tomatoes For as long as I can remember,Grandma's plentiful tomato garden has been a sign of summer's end.Each September,just as the decreased heat of the sun suggests cooler days,Grandma requests my help in her tomato garden.She convinces me she cannot pick tomatoes without my youthful eyes and quick mind.She says we need to examine each tomato and agree on its readiness for picking.While Grandma's request for my help in the tomato garden is always the same,her desire for my help seems to increase each year. Grandma has eyes for finding even the tomatoes hidden by undergrowth and other tomatoes.I,however,just turn circles looking for the ones I think Grandma will like.I spot what looks like a ripe tomato,head in its direction,and then get sidetracked by another that appears to be equally ripe.I usually end up watching Grandma and trying to stay out of her way,which seems the only way my eyes and mind are useful. There we are,lost in the tomato vines(藤).Grandma's eyes are always knowing,and they are no different in the vegetable garden.From afar she spots what looks like a ripe tomato.As she walks toward the garden,she evaluates the tomato for a second time,but from a different angle.I already know it will end up in the basket with the pile of others Grandma has carefully chosen.However,Grandma acts as if she needs final look to be sure.She calls me to her side,kneels beside the vine while enjoying the warmth of the fading sunlight on her face,and grasps the tomato in her hand.She turns each round,red ball toward the sunlight before disconnecting it from the vine with a half-hearted smile. She then looks at me.I nod my head and smile.Grandma assumes I smile in agreement with her tomato selection.I know I smile,instead,at her. 1.Why does Grandma ask the author to go to the tomato garden with her? A.He can help pick more tomatoes. B.He can learn the hardship of labor. C.She enjoys staying with him while working. D.She tries to share the happiness of harvest with him. 2.The second paragraph shows that the author ________. A.is an inefficient tomato picker B.really has youthful eyes and quick mind C.has spent a lot of time gardening with Grandma D.is a naughty child trying to be out of Grandma's sight 3.In the last paragraph,the author smiles to Grandma because he ________. A.realized her true intentions B.felt very happy to pick potatoes for her C.confirmed that her choice of tomato is great D.appreciated her skill in finding ripe tomatoes

相关文档
相关文档 最新文档